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ANATOMIE DE SIX ESPECES DE Dalbergia (FABACEAE) DE LA PARTIE OCCIDENTALE DE MADAGASCAR

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ANATOMIE DE SIX ESPECES DE Dalbergia (FABACEAE) DE LA PARTIE OCCIDENTALE DE MADAGASCAR UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO DOMAINE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES MENTION BIOLOGIE ET ECOLOGIE VEGETALES Mémoire pour l’obtention du diplôme MASTER Parcours : DIAGNOSTIQUE, SUIVI-ECOLOGIQUE, AMENAGEMENT DES ECOSYSTEMES ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT (DIASE) ANATOMIE DE SIX ESPECES DE Dalbergia (FABACEAE) DE LA PARTIE OCCIDENTALE DE MADAGASCAR b Andriamiadana, 2018 c Andriamiadana, 2018 a Tropicos d Andriamiadana, 2018 Présenté par : ANDRIAMIADANA Stéphano Soutenu publiquement le 25 mars 2019 devant le jury composé de : Président : Pr Bakolimalala RAKOUTH Rapporteur : Dr Bako Harisoa RAVAOMANALINA Examinateur : Dr Harison RABARISON UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO DOMAINE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES MENTION BIOLOGIE ET ECOLOGIE VEGETALES Mémoire pour l’obtention du diplôme MASTER Parcours : DIAGNOSTIQUE, SUIVI-ECOLOGIQUE, AMENAGEMENT DES ECOSYSTEMES ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT (DIASE) ANATOMIE DE SIX ESPECES DE Dalbergia (FABACEAE) DE LA PARTIE OCCIDENTALE DE MADAGASCAR Présenté par : ANDRIAMIADANA Stéphano Soutenu publiquement le 25 mars 2019 devant le jury composé de : Président : Pr Bakolimalala RAKOUTH Rapporteur : Dr Bako Harisoa RAVAOMANALINA Examinateur : Dr Harison RABARISON Titre des photos de la couverture : a. Tronc de Dalbergia purpurascens. b. Architecture de la foliole de Dalbergia chlorocarpa x20. c. Coupe transversale du bois de Dalbergia chlorocarpa x200. d. Coupe transversale de foliole de Dalbergia suaresensis x200 REMERCIEMENTS Nous remercions Dieu tout puissant, grâce à Lui ce travail touche à sa fin. Cette recherche est le fruit de la collaboration entre la Mention Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (MBEV) et le Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG). Nous tenons à adresser notre profonde reconnaissance aux personnes suivantes : Tout d’abord, nous tenons à remercier sincèrement tous les membres du jury : - Professeur Bakolimalala RAKOUTH, Enseignant-chercheur à la Mention de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (MBEV), Domaine Sciences et Technologies, Université d’Antananarivo, qui malgré ses responsabilités a accepté de présider ce mémoire. - Docteur Bako Harisoa RAVAOMANALINA, Enseignant-chercheur à la Mention de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (MBEV), Domaine Sciences et Technologies, Université d’Antananarivo, encadreur scientifique et rapporteur de ce travail pour sa disponibilité, sa confiance et son soutien permanent. - Docteur Harison RABARISON, Enseignant-chercheur à la Mention de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (MBEV) Domaine Sciences et Technologies, Université d’Antananarivo, qui nous a fait le grand honneur d’examiner ce mémoire et d’apporter de précieux critiques constructives pour l’amélioration du travail. Mes remerciements aussi à : - Docteur Mijoro RAKOTOARINIVO Enseignant-chercheur à la Mention de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales (MBEV) Domaine Sciences et Technologies, Université d’Antananarivo, qui nous a aidé pour l’élaboration des cartes de milieu d’étude malgré toutes ses responsabilités. - Docteur Onja RAZANAMARO qui nous a aidé au niveau de la bibliographie. - Monsieur Andriamihanta RAJESITERA, Technicien au laboratoire de la MBEV qui nous a appris à confectionner des coupes anatomiques de l’appareil végétatif malgré toutes ses responsabilités. - A nos collègues du laboratoire d’anatomie des plantes (LABAP) : Felana Niaina RAKOTO, Ravo RAMANANTSIALONINA et Dochard Aimé KARATRA. Nous tenons particulièrement à remercier nos parents, nos grand parents, nos tantes, nos frères et sœurs de nous avoir toujours soutenus durant nos études. Et remercions aussi à Docteur François Andriamamonjy RAKOTOBE et tout(e)s les ami(e)s de notre promotion « Ravinala ». i TABLE DES MATIERES Pages REMERCIEMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................i TABLE DES MATIERES................................................................................................................................. ii LISTE DES FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................iv LISTE DES PLANCHES ................................................................................................................................... v LISTE DES PHOTOS ........................................................................................................................................ v LISTE DES CARTES ..................................................................................................................................... vii LISTE DES TABLEAUX ............................................................................................................................... vii LISTE DES ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................. viii ACRONYME ................................................................................................................................................. viii GLOSSAIRE .....................................................................................................................................................ix INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 1 GENERALITES ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Classification du genre Dalbergia .............................................................................................................. 4 Description du genre Dalbergia ................................................................................................................. 4 Répartition géographique et leur rôle dans l’écosystème ........................................................................... 4 MATERIELS ET METHODES ......................................................................................................................... 5 Milieu d’étude ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Localisation géographique des sites d’études ..................................................................................... 5 1.2 Climat ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Flore et végétation .............................................................................................................................. 5 Matériels d’études ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Méthodes .................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Analyses d’herbiers ............................................................................................................................ 7 3.2 Etudes anatomiques ............................................................................................................................ 7 3.2.1 Anatomie de jeune tige, du pétiole et de la foliole ..................................................................... 7 Préparation des échantillons ................................................................................................... 7 Confection des coupes ............................................................................................................ 8 Clarification ............................................................................................................................ 8 Observations anatomiques ...................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Anatomie du bois ........................................................................................................................ 9 Préparation des coupes ........................................................................................................... 9 Macération .............................................................................................................................. 9 Paramètres étudiés ................................................................................................................ 10 Traitements statistiques ........................................................................................................ 11 a. Préparation des données ........................................................................................................... 11 ii b. Analyses statistiques ................................................................................................................. 11 RESULTATS ET INTERPRETATIONS ........................................................................................................ 13 DESCRIPTIONS MORPHOLOGIQUES ................................................................................................ 13 DESCRIPTIONS ANATOMIQUES........................................................................................................ 16 2.1 Anatomie de jeunes tiges des espèces étudiées ................................................................................ 16 2.2 Anatomie de pétioles des espèces étudiées .....................................................................................
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