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Molecular Characterization and Dna Barcoding of Arid-Land Species of Family Fabaceae in Nigeria

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Molecular Characterization and Dna Barcoding of Arid-Land Species of Family Fabaceae in Nigeria MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND DNA BARCODING OF ARID-LAND SPECIES OF FAMILY FABACEAE IN NIGERIA By OSHINGBOYE, ARAMIDE DOLAPO B.Sc. (Hons.) Microbiology (2008); M.Sc. Botany, UNILAG (2012) Matric No: 030807064 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in Botany to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria March, 2017 i | P a g e SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS CERTIFICATION This is to certify that the thesis “Molecular Characterization and DNA Barcoding of Arid- Land Species of Family Fabaceae in Nigeria” Submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Lagos For the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) is a record of original research carried out By Oshingboye, Aramide Dolapo In the Department of Botany -------------------------------- ------------------------ -------------- AUTHOR’S NAME SIGNATURE DATE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ -------------- 1ST SUPERVISOR’S NAME SIGNATURE DATE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ -------------- 2ND SUPERVISOR’S NAME SIGNATURE DATE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ --------------- 3RD SUPERVISOR’S NAME SIGNATURE DATE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ --------------- 1ST INTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE DATE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ --------------- 2ND INTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE DATE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ --------------- EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE DATE ----------------------------------- ------------------------ --------------- SPGS REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE DATE ii | P a g e DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the Almighty Father and to my loving and supportive parents Mr. Adewole and L/Evangelist Abimbola Oshingboye. iii | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend thanks to the many people, who so generously contributed to the work presented in this thesis. Firstly, I express my utmost gratitude to my enthusiastic supervisor and mentor Professor Oluwatoyin Temitayo Ogundipe FLS, for his time, patience, motivation, continuous support and mentorship in bringing out the best in me. It’s a rare privilege to be under his tutelage. His dedication and constructive criticism have developed great skills and confidence in me. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis, I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor. Thank you very much sir for giving me so many wonderful opportunities and the privilege of being one of your protégés. I wholeheartedly appreciate not only your scientific guidance, encouragement, inspiration, advice but also your material, financial and spiritual support. I attribute the level of my Master’s degree to your encouragement and effort and without you, this thesis too, would not have been completed or written. What more can I ask in this great man of God, I simply could not wish for a better supervisor. I pray the Almighty God will continue to bless you and take you to greater heights. I would also like to appreciate Professor James Dele Olowokudejo, for his scholarly contribution to the completion of this research. I am grateful for your time in reading and supervising this work. My special thanks go to Alastair Culham, for accepting to host me during my stint at the University of Reading and providing a conducive working environment in the molecular laboratoty of the Centre of Plat diversity, University of Reading. I sincerely appreciate your support and scholarly contributions and also in finding time out of your tight schedule to supervise this work. Thank you, Alastair, for making the necessary contacts and recommendations to enable me secure another year extension with Jonathan Clark at the University of Surrey. iv | P a g e I am also hugely appreciative to Jonathan Clark, especially for sharing his taxonomic, morphometric and bioinformatics expertise so willingly at the Bioinformatics unit, Department of Computer science, University of Surrey. My profound gratitude goes to Dr. (Mrs.) Temitope Onuminya for her time, foresight, guidance and contributions towards the success of this project. I am grateful for not only your time to read and correct this thesis but your thought-provoking comments and questions. I must appreciate the immense effort of Dr. Bayo Ogunkanmi, Dr. Khalid Adekoya and Dr. Akeem Kadiri, for also taking your time out to read, coach my mock presentations and offer corrections to this thesis. Thank you so much sirs for those pointer questions, deliberations and comments. I am thankful for the support and constant encouragement given to me by Prof. Bola Oboh, Prof. Olusoji Ilori, Prof. Oluwole Familoni, Prof. Mopelola Olusakin, Prof. Kehinde Olayinka, Prof. A.A. Adekunle, Prof. (Mrs.) C.E. Umebese, Prof. (Mrs.) Oluyemisi Obashoro-John, Prof. A.B. Adeloye, Dr. A. Akinsoji, Dr. V. J. Odjegba, Dr. (Mrs.) O.E. Ade-Ademilua, Dr. (Mrs.) O.H. Adekanmbi, Dr. (Mrs.) O.O. Shonubi, Dr. (Mrs.). T.A. Adesalu, Dr. P.A. Adeonipekun, Dr. (Mrs.) E.M. Adongbede, Dr. (Mrs.) Tope Samuel, Dr. C. Isanbor, Dr. (Mrs.) Ronke Oyeyiola, Dr. (Mrs.) Temilola Oluseyi, Dr. Sunday Adebusoye, Dr. Andrew Akala, Dr. Lukmon Adeoti, amongst others. During my stint at the University of Reading, I was blessed with a friendly group of fellow students “the Culham Ph.D. group”. Thank you Azi for taking me through a fantastic lab training, Kalman for your patience, time and always proffering answers to my endless questions regarding phylogenetic analysis. I appreciate Ahmed senior and Widad for taking out time to put me through TAXONDNA and LUCID software. Jordan, thanks for the MrBayes class, Maria for the statistical pointers, Oli, Anas, Amal, Ahmed junior, and Andrew. I say a big thank you to you all! v | P a g e Special mention goes to the “great family of God” at the RCCG City of Peace, Reading Parish. Pastors Joseph and Solape Bamidele, for your continuous encouragement, prayers, devotion, love, and counsel; thank you sir and ma for believing in me and permitting me the opportunity to serve and be served. I have very fond memories of my time there, it was indeed a “home away from home” experience. To my wonderful friends who sacrificed much to make this a reality I say a big thank you. Many thanks to George Nodza for the motivation, support and providing logistics during my sample collection, Linus Ajikah, Seun Ajani, Bisola Akomolafe, Yinka, Chidi Nnamdi, Paul Terewase, Dr. Andrew Iloh, Ani Emmanuel, Mosun Ojifo, Dr. Mosun Akinwunmi, Dr. Amii Usese, Dr. Sandra Akagha, Dr. Nicolas Dibal, Femi Orotope, Dr. Gbenga Adeogun (Elder), Ojisola Aina, Agboola Oludare, Kunrunmi Kunbi (Dr. K.K.), my Aunty (Dr. Mrs. Queen Omoregie), Michelle Fasona, Dr. Debola Ba-wallah, Motunrayo Sholola, Gloria Anuroe, Kemi Owolabi, Sadat Babalola, Salametu Saibu, Akpan, Femi Amusa, Joseph and Naissa Milkiah, Samuel, Abena, Lydia, Samuel, Peace, Laura, Euphemia, Robert Oboch, Mariola, Hannah, Eliah, Tosin, Patrick, Ngozi, Blessing of Reading, Izzy, Iz, Ojogu, Femi Adesina, Amen, Ben, Kate, Temitayo dear, Teniola, and Yemisi. Would like to specially thank Promise for his motivation, devotion, emotional and financial support. I couldn’t forget to appreciate the inner caucus ladies Bolaji Folorunsho, Uju Nwadairo, Mr. and Mrs. Toluwalashe Ogunlade, Opeyemi Omojola, thank you ladies for believing in me, for the love, prayers, faith, patience and understanding despite my tight schedules. I pray the Almighty God will perfect all that concerns you and yours. I am grateful to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Lagos for the financial support given to me in form of Graduate Fellowship. The Competitive Agricultural Research Grant Scheme (CARGS) project of DNA Barcoding of arid plants in Nigeria for birthing this research work (sampling and field work). The UNESCO-L’Oreal for Women in Science vi | P a g e International Fellowship for funding the bench work and other logistics. It is a privilege to be one of the fellows of this prestigious award, I thank you for finding me worthy of this fellowship and even extending the sponsorship for one more year. Mallam Musa and Nnamadi of the Ahmadu Bello University Herbarium, Zaria, Azila of the Nigerian Forestry, Jos, and Mr. Tola Oyebanji of the University of Lagos Herbarium for their support in identifying and collection of my plant samples. I would like to thank every member of my family for their continual support, prayers, and understanding during the course of this research. To my uncle, Alhaji Giwa, my aunts, cousins, nephews and nieces, Mr. Olojede, Mr. and Mrs. Oloyede, Mr. and Mrs. Owolabi, Iya Arafat, Ven. Asoore, Barrister Tosin Ogwezzy, Ven. Soyele, thank you all for your support. I am also grateful to my siblings, big sis, cake flair and my wonderful brother Adeniyi, thank you for the understanding, patience and goodwill during the course of the project. Special thanks to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Oshingboye for their understanding, financial, moral and spiritual support. I wholeheartedly appreciate you mum, my number one cheer leader for being the vessel and anchor God has used to achieve this. Thank you for the prayers, and believing in me; even when I lost faith, your faith propelled me to soar higher, I couldn’t have done this without you mum! You are the most important people in my world and I dedicate this thesis to you. Finally, I return all the glory to the
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