Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(2):840-846

A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy New Path For Fishermen Institutional In Industry4.0 Suraji1, Robby Habiba Abror2, Mat Jalil3

Departement of Public Administration of Hang Tuah University Indonesia1 Theology and Islamic Philosophy Study Program, UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta Indonesia2 Faculty of Theology, Literature and Da'wa, IAIN Metro Lampung Indonesia2 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT The strategy to local resources is an overview of development management. It Keywords: Capacity Building-Fishermen-Independent and Prosper tries to answer developmental challenges in the form of poverty, the deterioration of the environment, the lack of public participation. Local resource Correspondence: management is a people centered development planning mechanism that Suraji emphasizes social learning technology and program formulation strategies that Departement of Public Administration of Hang Tuah University Surabaya East Java Indonesia aim to improve community capacity through capacity building. A number of points *Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected] in the management of local resources include: (1) Institutional strengthening that meets the needs of the fishing community at the local level and has an identity and recognized role (2) Management of local resources strengthens the ability to direct and address assets in the local fishing community to meet their needs (3) Strengthening institutions with the support of autonomous and independent fishermen organizations by utilizing modern technology. This study wants to try to provide a basis and analysis in strengthening the institutional (capacity building) of the Coastal Fishermen of Surabaya East Java in order to advance, independent and prosper.

INTRADUCTION

and 7 percent to a minimum of 17 percent. As well as In reality, the people around coastal area work as reducing the national poverty rate by 25 percent, and fishermen. Fishermen is a hereditary work in which the increasing Indonesia's maritime sovereignty by involving management used by fishermen still uses traditional fishermen as the frontline guards of state sovereignty. customs, limited education and networks, lack of This program must be fully supported by all parties so assistance and almost no planning at various stages. that it runs optimally and sustainably (KKP Data 2017). Under these conditions, fishermen's businesses are not The context becomes a hope for a number of Indonesian prospective, because they always depend on the season, fishermen in total of 2.7 Million (KKP Data 2017), over market conditions, working capital, fishing facilities time the numbers are reduced because interest in which lead to high-cost economic businesses. If further becoming fishermen is low. The majority of fishermen elaborated, it actually boils down to the potential of with nearly 3 million are on the threshold of the poverty human resources and fishermen's capacity building line and account for 25 percent of the national poverty which is very limited, thus it becomes an obstacle to rate. This is contrary to the fact that the fisheries sector is sustainable fishermen's progress, moreover in the one of the sectors that contribute the highest income current industry 4.0. (KKP Data 2017). The major marine and fisheries actors are the majority of Such as the fishermen in the Kenjeran coastal area, small-scale businesses thus they lack access to Surabaya, East Java, the research location shows an development and the institutional model aims more at interesting area of fishermen. Based on the Surabaya City the active role of the community as the subject of Zoning Plan (RZWP) for 2012-2032, the east coast area development in the region. The main groups of effective (east coast of Surabaya) is generally a muddy beach and and good marine and fisheries actors must possess the faces the , the land area is largely following 5 characteristics: dominated by tourism activities, fishing settlements, 1) It is an effective small group (about 20 people) to fisheries and ecosystems of mangrove forests while the work together with technology learning, fisheries territorial waters are limited to capture fisheries business management and so on activities and marine tourism activities, shooting zones 2) Make decisions and take responsibility for their and sea mines. (RZWP Surabaya City, 2012-2032) implementation. The problems of fishermen in the Kenjeran coastal area, 3) Producing and maintaining the preservation of Surabaya, East Java are: First, there is no fish port but a natural resources and; unique and colorful fishing village, which has the 4) Other activities that involve a common interest potential to attract tourists to come to the fishing village 5) Have the same interests especially in the field of of Kenjeran. Secondly, the community is very constrained fisheries. (Coil, January 23, 2018) by marketing their catch fish. Usually the catch is only Some programs such as 1 Million Sovereign Fishermen marketed within the fishermen 's own environment, and designed by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and many also sell their fish to collectors. Third, the low level Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia aims to increase of education among Kenjeran coastal residents, it is the economic sovereignty of Indonesian fishermen necessary to build synergy between the government, the through the support of technology 4.0. That way, this business world, and the community in order to provide s8c4h0eme will increase the utilization of maSriynsetermesaotuicrcReesviews in Pharmacy

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equitable and quality educational services for Kenjeran is government’s awareness of poverty and equity. Last coastal communities. (RZWP Surabaya City, 2012-2032) but not least is the engagement to market-oriented This factor is the concern of all parties so that Kenjeran economic practices. The attempt to upgrade the coastal fishermen move quicker, want to learn and adjust government institution and its members is done through together to face the challenges of the current industrial the capacity building aiming at implementing the good era. The problem is the internal factors, namely the governance. The capacity building generally develops fishermen themselves, and external factors where the some aspects including government activities prevailing market mechanism places fishermen as end management, community involvement, private sector users in their activities. It is necessary to increase human growth, and network with other parties. resources through the concept of capacity building in Milen (2006) explains the definition of capacity building answering the goals of a smarter, more advanced, as quoted from UNDP and the Canadian International prosperous and sustainable fishing community. Development Agency (CIDA). It is a course to improve The concept of capacity building is the correct solution one, group, organization, or community’s skill of for institutional strengthening of coastal fishermen. performing primary tasks and function, finding solutions Grindle's (2007) opinion in capacity development has to a problem, setting and achieving the predetermined dimensions of focus and type of activity. Dimensions of objectives, and satisfying the needs of development in a focus and types of activities consist of (1) dimensions of larger and sustainable background. human resource development with a focus: professional The concept of capacity building above is relevant to personnel and technical abilities and types of activities what Grindle (2007) believes. According to his definition, such as training, working climate conditions. (2) it is an attempt to promote various methods to make the Dimensions of organizational strengthening with a focus government’s conduct more efficient, effective, and on management to improve the success of roles and responsive. The government should be more efficient in functions, such as, organizational culture, leadership and terms of time and resources to achieve the objectives. communication, and (3) the role of government, such as Meanwhile, effective means the implementation of the basis and rules, policies for fishermen. business should be relevant to the result that is going to Institutional characteristics of the main actors of be achieved. And responsive suggests the integration of fishermen can be seen from the condition of the needs and capabilities to achieve the objectives. In community and resource management which includes: addition, Grindle (1997) also believes that there are three the application of technology is developed by taking into dimensions, focuses, and types of conducts underlying account the specific conditions of the location, the capacity building. First, the development of human participatory and familial approaches, regional resources aiming at improving personnel’s professional approaches and regional approaches. and technical capabilities. They can be achieved by The above problems need to be assessed that implementing activities like training, hands-on practice, strengthening fishing communities needs a new path to and recruitment. Second, the organizational development face the industry 4.0, namely the concept of capacity focusing on the management aims to accomplish building. With the concept of capacity building the fishing organizational role and function. Incentive system and community is expected to increase the work ethic, the personnel equipment are two examples to achieve the spirit of togetherness, furthermore the fishing community organizational development. Last is rebuilding the is able to contribute to increasing sustainable economic institution along with its system and major architecture. RgrEoVwItEhWfoOrFfaRmEiLliAesT, EanDdLrIeTgEioRnAsT. URE It includes changes of political, economic, and constitutional policies and rules. As a method to boost efficiency, effectiveness, and According to Eade (1997), there are five aspects that responsiveness, the capacity building should focus on underlie the good governance to reinforce an improving the human resources, strengthening the organization. First, government’s capability to function organization, and reorganizing the institution. Table 2 and implement policies. Second, their responsibility and shows the dimensions, focus, and types of activities in transparency when makTinagbldee1c.isDioimn.eNnseixot,nsco, Fmomcuusn,itayn’sd Types ocfaApcatciivtyitibeusilidninCga.pacity Building involvement in the democratic action. The fourth aspect Dimensions Focus Types of Activities     Human Resources Quantity of professionals  Training Development Technical personnel Salary   Work atmosphere  Organizational Management system to improve  Managerial structure Strengthening performance of specific task and function Organizational culture Microstructure  Incentive system   Leadership  Communication Institution Reform Institutions and system Rules of the game for economic and Macrostructure  political regimes Policy and legal amendment Constitutional reform Source: Grindle (1997: 9) The research finding by Grindle (1997) studying about developing countries like Morocco, Ghana, Bolivia, Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy t8h4e1 capacity building in public organizations in some , and Sri Lanka reveals that there are some Vol 11, Issue 2, Feb-Mar 2020 New Path For Fishermen Institutional Indonesia In Industry4.0

essential aspects that determine the success of public organization developments and resolution to issues organizations. First, it is the action environment. The rising during the process. The organization development government runs the country’s activities based on the includes objectives, structures, practices, properties, and economic, political, and social aspects. Those aspects also leadership styles to achieve the objectives. The affect the performance improvement. The second aspect organization product and behavior of its members are is the public sector institutional context. It involves generally affected by them. The last important aspect is factors such as procedures to be implemented by the human resource dimension. It pays attention to the public servants, activities done by the governments, and human resource quality in terms of individual and responsibilities to finish the tasks. Next aspect is the task institutional experiences and education backgrounds. network dimension. The task network determines the Managerial and professional capabilities as well as being extend to which the individuals can be responsible of quick and responsive are qualities to be possessed by the their jobs. Organizations with similar objectives and human resource. Figure .1 displays the dimensional performance level make a good task network. The fourth framework of institutional capacity. aspect is the organizational dFimigeunrseio1n..DIitmrenfesrisontoaltFhreamework of Institutional Capacity

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Source: Grindle (1997: 9) of the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen in Surabaya, East Java The figure reflects the institutional capacity and structure in the industry 4.0 is not optimal and still needs attention being cooperative and supportive in order to achieve from related parties such as government, universities, RthEeSirEoAbRjCecHtiMveEeTffHeOctDively. NGOs and mutual concern in internal fishermen. Aspects of capacity building research in the institutional empowerment of the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen in This research uses descriptive qualitative approach 1)SuSrtarbeanygat,hEeansitnJagvFaisahre rams feonlloHwusm: an Resources which aims to understand a social situation, events, roles, interaction and groups. The location of study is located in the Kenjeran coastal fishermen in Surabaya East Java. The The importance of human resources lately has total number of the Kenjeran coastal fishermen groups increasingly received attention and attention from consisted of 5 groups namely group 1-5. As for the various parties, both from the public sector and the informants in this research are the Head and members of private sector. Various seminars, training courses and Fishermen 1-5 Groups, Head of RT, RW, village, village workshops, and the like, have been organized and all of apparatus, Related Agency and Community Figure. Data which emphasize human resources even more in the collection techniques were done through observation, in- current industry 4.0. All parties have just realized how depth interviews and documentation in order to get important human resources are for institutions and primary data and secondary data. Data analysis organizations such as the fishing community institutions. techniques was done using qualitative analysis with the In developing the institutional human resources of the stages of data collection, reduction, classification, analysis fishing community is very important, because managing RanEdSUreLpToSrtAinNgD. DISCUSSION the institutional resources of the fishing community is essentially the future of Indonesia. Therefore, the preparation of competent human resources is very The role of internet technology has now become a tool for important and needed to succeed in the success of the various changes in all lines of life even until now on the development of fishermen (marine and fisheries). The industry 4.0. In the industry 4.0 has evident that every stigma of fishermen and coastal communities as the work process is demanded to be more efficient through lower class or included in the poor category is still fast and sophisticated automation and computerization. inherent. There is a habit that is still happening and Thus, the demands and mastery of technology have carried out by the fishing community is to spend the continued to grow to play an important role in the midst profits of the catch quickly. The mindset they use is still of global competition. Indonesia, with its potential in fixed on the traditional mindset, assuming there are still human and natural resources, should be able to become a many fish that can be caught at sea despite the fact that superior country in the industry 4.0. But until now our the supply of fish in the sea is very limited. ability to master technology is still lagging behind. Our Kenjeran Coastal Fishing Community Surabaya, East Java science and technology capacity is still in class-3, where consists of 5 groups with a total membership of more than 75% of technology needs are imported (UNDP, approximately 1000 (one thousand) members. The 2010). Meanwhile, the speed of our internet connection is number will continue to decrease and increase in line still inferior compared to countries like Singapore, with the conditions and expectations of Kenjeran Coast in Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei and Philippines. Surabaya East Java. The existence in strengthening Even sadder, the assessment of digital competitiveness in fishermen's human resources has been running through improving the economy and efficiency in various fields, in the Kenjeran fishermen organization since 2011. Various 2018 Indonesia was ranked 62 out of 63 countries (IMD, programs and assistance have been carried out by the 2018). These conditions undoubtedly put Indonesia in a government and the private sector, studies and research, newly literate country to welcome the industry 4.0 (WEF, seminars and FGDs, thus real progress can already be felt 2018). by Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen in Surabaya, East Java. However, it does not rule out the possibility for the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen Surabaya East Java today is development sector to be able to apply the industry 4.0, not only fishermen but also a new tourist attraction for one of the potential is the fisheries sector (fisheries and the community; even the handicrafts are quite developed. marine), the application of these applications is not yet However, in strengthening community institutions massive and often experiences technical obstacles. through capacity bulding aspects, it is still not optimal to Therefore in practice, the fishermen and fisheries and be a program and a means to progress both internal marine businesses are still mostly using traditional fishermen individuals and fishermen institutions. The technology. The application of industry 4.0 for fishermen results showed that each fisherman tended to be and the fisheries-marine sector is able to further explore individualistic in addressing the fishermen's problems. potentials, streamline resources, increase productivity The existence of communities, organizations and and added value, expand market and capital access, and community institutions received less attention. Thus the modernize organizations and management (Suseno, level of mastery, education, experience, and atmosphere 2015). of fishermen with each other is different, and the groups The results of research in the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen are different from one another. in Surabaya, East Java show that in the industrial era 4.0 The results of the interview with the Chairman of Group 1 which was busy becoming a conversation and the KenTjehrealnevCeol aosfteadluFciashtieornm, eexnpeinrieSnucrea,bsakyilals,Euasset oJafvtaooalsr,ethaes demands did not have an impact on the demands of followast:mosphere of fishermen with each other is indeed fishermen to move to change and take the facilities. This “ inadequate and uneven, especially with unknown is because the access and budget constraints and facilities technology. This is because of the current limitations. have not made it possible to use technology in the fishing The existence of organizations such as fishing groups community institutions and fishermen activities. In 843 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy addition, capacity building in institutional empowerment Vol 11, Issue 2, Feb-Mar 2020 New Path For Fishermen Institutional Indonesia In Industry4.0 has not been maximally employed and its role. They still think individually, while the organization is only the wind when needed. We actually want a maximum, work culture carried out by the management of the but this human resource and enthusiasm needs to be fishing group. We are gradually making efforts to approached. strengthen and keep the wheels of the organization in Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen, our obstacle is the (Interview 5 July 2019). proper arrangement of fishermen and The target of improving the quality of institutional administrators who want to work sincerely and resources of the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen community lightly, but currently that is the obstacle. (Interview, by moving the organization and membership of 5 July 2019). fishermen does not appear to be the main measure, but The aspect of strengthening fishing community rather on a seasonal basis without continuation. The organizations is the dimension of organizational instruments used in the development and training structure with regard to who has to implement or do process also lack support. Therefore, it is not surprising what has been decided. The aspect that must be regulated that the frequency and number of fishermen attending is the division of work units including duties, functions the training did not significantly influence the increase in and responsibilities within the organization. Therefore work ethics and views in fishing activities. the quality of fishermen and institutional fishing Modernization in the development of human resources of communities will be better, stronger and can meet the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen must be done so that the general objectives of the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen utilization of Kenjeran Coastal resources by fishermen 3)coTmhmeuGnoivtye.rnment's Role in Strengthening Fishermen can be optimized. This is very necessary, for efforts to strengthen, and move the institutional community of Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen to be more active, optimal, Kenjeran coastal area is a potential area, because this sustainable and have superior power both individually area is a center of population activity. Kenjeran Beach is and organizations in advancing Kenjeran Coastal one of the potential areas to be developed as a trade and Fishermen, ready to face the challenges of the industrial service area, tourism and commercial area. In advancing era, so as to improve the welfare of fishing communities Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen, the City Government of and bequeath the wealth of fishermen to their children Surabaya has developed this area to be very interesting 2)anSdtrgernangtdhcehnildinrgen in the fFuitsuhrer. men Community a) Tourism Development. These are Kenjeran Organizations beach, Ria Kenjeran beach, Bulak park, Kenjeran theme park, Kenjeran education park, Kenjeran Kya-Kya tour, four-face god In the capacity building of fishing communities is an statue, Sanggar Agung temple, Ti pagoda, organizational system that shows the system of entertainment and sports, kite festival & boat relationships and division of tasks that occur within an ornamental, Kenjeran circuit, Kenjeran organization of fishermen groups. The complexity waterpark. As well as culinary tours and handled by the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen community, souvenirs, shellfish trinkets, fish crackers, the number of existing units determines the effectiveness smoked fish (grilled fish). All tourism activities of the implementation of fishermen activities and the in the Kenjeran coastal area can be developed achievement of the goal of providing better services to and have the potential to attract visitors and fellow fishermen. The wheels of a good organization are can benefit local residents. those that are able to spin quickly in the sense of being b) Improving the Quality of Facilities of able to adjust the development of community needs. For Fishermen Housing in Kenjeran. Improving this reason, the organization of Kenjeran Coastal the quality of the environment of urban Fishermen must have a clear vision and main function of settlements is carried out systematically by its equipment in accordance with the potential of its applying the principles of revitalization in the resources so that the program of activities can provide form of environmental improvement and outputs and impacts that are of great benefit to the rebuilding. The development of fishermen Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen. In strengthening the settlements back on new land which is located organization as one of the institutional strengthening of close to the shoreline thus it will produce a the fishing community where it is done using indicators; new face of fishing settlements that are far including organizational culture, leadership and from slums and facilities and infrastructure communication which are binding in the implementation that support fishing settlements and coastal of the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermenn community activities in general. organization. c) Making coastal schools. Considering that One of the solutions in carrying out the Kenjeran Coastal coastal management by the community is Fishermen community organization is through lacking, such as not caring about the future of strengthening community institutions based on the Kenjeran coast by throwing all garbage into development of a centralized area to encourage growth, the sea and also septic tanks dumped into the and strengthening fishing communities. Efforts to sea causing dirty sea filled with rubbish, there improve these institutions need to be an institutional needs to be a program like a coastal school, organization of the fishing community, namely the how to use, develop and develop preserving organizational culture, leadership and communication coastal areas so as not to harm anyone and models carried out in managing the Kenjeran Coastal can still be used for ever. Fishermen community organization. d) Coastal infrastructure development. From the T“he results of the interview with the Head of Group 3 problem of fishermen boats parked at the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen as follows: Kenjeran Beach which decreases a beach’s n carrying out the organization, there are obstacles in aesthetic, as well as the lack of management 844 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy the field including: in the unity in leadership and and sales of marine products such as fish and Vol 11, Issue 2, Feb-Mar 2020 New Path For Fishermen Institutional Indonesia In Industry4.0

shrimp, the development strategy can be done is very constrained by marketing their catch with the construction of a fishing port which is fish. Usually the catch is only marketed within also a Fish Auction Site. In addition to being a the fishermen’s own environment, and many fishing port for fishing boats, fishing ports are also sell their fish to collectors. The fishermen also a place for fishermen to sell their catch, on the east coast of Surabaya want a place for can be a place of fish auctioning, a place for fish processing, because there is less smoke in fish canning, as well as a place for smoked fish the Bulak Fish Center, they only process the and other processed fish. Thus with the fish by sunning in front of the house along the existence of fishing port, fishing boats can be Kenjeran settlement. (Surabaya City RZWP, more neat and structured and the processing 2012-2032) and sale of sea products can be improved. In advancing Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen, Surabaya (Surabaya City RZWP, 2012-2032) City Government has implemented an interesting But along with the program there are also problems, development program and facilities, but there are including the following: also problems that occur around Kenjeran Coastal a) Problems of the City Government of Surabaya Fishermen. The development process and the role with the fishing communities of Kenjeran. of the Surabaya City Government should be Namely the plan to evict the land in the balanced and sustainable in an optimal and good fisherman settlement area of Kenjeran way. In this process not only has the project because there will be a plan for the orientation, but more importantly is the role of construction of the Surabaya Eastern Outer strengthening the institutional community of the Ring Project to be carried out in stages. Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen through capacity Initially, it began with the construction of the CONCbLuUilSdIiOnNg. Suramadu Toll Bridge access up to Mount Anyar. The total toll road to be built is 17 kilometers long with 60 meters wide that will The new era of industry 4.0 is how to strengthen and cross several areas such as Kenjeran-Bulak- make ready as well as the availability of standard facilitis Mulyorejo-Sukolilo-Rungkut-Gunung Anyar, such as internet. For the world of fishermen it would be a but until now there has been no meeting point new experience to be able to realize. This is nonetheless between the community and the government. one of those sectors that can advance to increase the b) The Bulak Fish Center in Kenjeran is an area welfare of fishermen themselves and contribute to the that is expected to become a new icon in economic progress of the government. However, what Surabaya in marketing fishery products in the happened in the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen, Surabaya, Kenjeran and Bulak areas, but in the existing East Java, has not been maximized in strengthening and condition the Bulak Fish Center is actually out continuing. of buyers and sellers due to its expensive The results showed: (1) Institutional strengthening of the rental prices, and the lack of visitors thereby Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen community in Surabaya, East reducing the seller's profit. Java is not optimal to be an institutional program for c) The absence of a Temporary Disposal Site in fishermen. The existence of fishermen groups, the Kenjeran fishing settlement, the communities, organizations and community institutions community throws away all the rubbish in the received less attention. Therefore the level of mastery, sea and makes the sea dirty with trash as well education, experience, and atmosphere of fishermen with as the transportation of trash is irregular thus each other is different, therefore it impacts on the quality makiing the people choose to dispose of the of the capacity building of Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen, trash at sea, because their perception of trash Surabaya, East Java. (2) The institutional organization of thrown into the sea will disappear along with the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen community in Surabaya, ocean currents, so they don't need to struggle East Java has not implemented a good organizational to get rid of trash even though it actually system, namely in strengthening the organizational makes the sea full of waste. structure to carry out what has been decided. In the d) Kenjeran coastal residentials is a densely division of work units including duties, functions and populated area, seedy and with relatively responsibilities within the organization have not been narrow pathways. In addition to the influence created properly. This is due to the weak leadership and of floods due to the rise of seawater surface organizational culture of the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen, would often occur during rainy season. Surabaya City, East Java. (3) The role of the Surabaya City e) There is no fishing port making fishermen Government is very strategic in advancing Kenjeran park their boats on the shores of the beach Coastal Fishermen in Surabaya, East Java. The real closest to their house and make the boats program is the development of tourism and seem messy. There are still some houses of infrastructure around the Kenjeran Coastal Fisherment. residents, especially on the beach that do not The development should be balanced and sustainable in have a septic tank that human waste and an optimal and good manner, not merely project oriented, house waste are both channeled all into the but more importantly is to provide assistance and sea. institutional strengthening through capacity building f) The lack of optimum management of capture around the Kenjeran Coastal Fishermen in Surabaya, East fisheries or aquaculture Capture fisheries is of RJaEvFa.ERENCES mainstay effort especially for the people in the eastern coastal city of Surabaya. However, in the business of catching fish, the fishermen 845 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy experience problems, namely the community Vol 11, Issue 2, Feb-Mar 2020 New Path For Fishermen Institutional Indonesia In Industry4.0

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