On the Continent Ad 150-700; Texts & Contexts
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ABSTRACT Savannah Dehart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF
ABSTRACT Savannah DeHart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF NORTHERN PAGAN RELIGIOSITY IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. (Under the direction of Michael J. Enright) Department of History, May 2012. This thesis investigates the religiosity of some Germanic peoples of the Migration period (approximately AD 300-800) and seeks to overcome some difficulties in the related source material. The written sources which describe pagan elements of this period - such as Tacitus’ Germania, Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, and Paul the Deacon’s History of the Lombards - are problematic because they were composed by Roman or Christian authors whose primary goals were not to preserve the traditions of pagans. Literary sources of the High Middle Ages (approximately AD 1000-1400) - such as The Poetic Edda, Snorri Sturluson’s Prose Edda , and Icelandic Family Sagas - can only offer a clearer picture of Old Norse religiosity alone. The problem is that the beliefs described by these late sources cannot accurately reflect religious conditions of the Early Middle Ages. Too much time has elapsed and too many changes have occurred. If literary sources are unavailing, however, archaeology can offer a way out of the dilemma. Rightly interpreted, archaeological evidence can be used in conjunction with literary sources to demonstrate considerable continuity in precisely this area of religiosity. Some of the most relevant material objects (often overlooked by scholars) are bracteates. These coin-like amulets are stamped with designs that appear to reflect motifs from Old Norse myths, yet their find contexts, including the inhumation graves of women and hoards, demonstrate that they were used during the Migration period of half a millennium earlier. -
Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire
HUNNIC WARFARE IN THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES C.E.: ARCHERY AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE A Thesis Submitted to the Committee of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science. TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Laura E. Fyfe 2016 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program January 2017 ABSTRACT Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire Laura E. Fyfe The Huns are one of the most misunderstood and mythologized barbarian invaders encountered by the Roman Empire. They were described by their contemporaries as savage nomadic warriors with superior archery skills, and it is this image that has been written into the history of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and influenced studies of Late Antiquity through countless generations of scholarship. This study examines evidence of Hunnic archery, questions the acceptance and significance of the “Hunnic archer” image, and situates Hunnic archery within the context of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. To achieve a more accurate picture of the importance of archery in Hunnic warfare and society, this study undertakes a mortuary analysis of burial sites associated with the Huns in Europe, a tactical and logistical study of mounted archery and Late Roman and Hunnic military engagements, and an analysis of the primary and secondary literature. Keywords: Archer, Archery, Army, Arrow, Barbarian, Bow, Burial Assemblages, Byzantine, Collapse, Composite Bow, Frontier, Hun, Logistics, Migration Period, Roman, Roman Empire, Tactics, Weapons Graves ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. -
Henrik Williams. Scripta Islandica 65/2014
Comments on Michael Lerche Nielsen’s Paper HENRIK WILLIAMS The most significant results of Michael Lerche Nielsen’s contribution are two fold: (1) There is a fair amount of interaction between Scandinavians and Western Slavs in the Late Viking Age and Early Middle Ages — other than that recorded in later medieval texts (and through archaeology), and (2) This interaction seems to be quite peaceful, at least. Lerche Nielsen’s inventory of runic inscriptions and name material with a West Slavic connection is also good and very useful. The most important evidence to be studied further is that of the place names, especially Vinderup and Vindeboder. The former is by Lerche Niel sen (p. 156) interpreted to contain vindi ‘the western Slav’ which would mean a settlement by a member of this group. He compares (p. 156) it to names such as Saxi ‘person from Saxony’, Æistr/Æisti/Æist maðr ‘person from Estonia’ and Tafæistr ‘person from Tavastland (in Finland)’. The problem here, of course, is that we do not know for sure if these persons really, as suggested by Lerche Nielsen, stem ethnically from the regions suggested by their names or if they are ethnic Scandi navians having been given names because of some connection with nonScandi navian areas.1 Personally, I lean towards the view that names of this sort are of the latter type rather than the former, but that is not crucial here. The importance of names such as Æisti is that it does prove a rather intimate connection on the personal plane between Scandinavians and nonScan dinavians. -
Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History
Proceedingsof the SUFFOLK INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 4 °4vv.es`Egi vI V°BkIAS VOLUME XXV, PART 1 (published 1950) PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY W. E. HARRISON & SONS, LTD., THE ANCIENT HOUSE, IPSWI611. The costof publishing this paper has beenpartially defrayedby a Grant from the Council for British Archeology. THE SUTTON HOO SHIP-BURIAL Recenttheoriesand somecommentsongeneralinterpretation By R. L. S. BRUCE-MITFORD, SEC. S.A. INTRODUCTION The Sutton Hoo ship-burial was discovered more than ten years ago. During these years especially since the end of the war in Europe has made it possible to continue the treatment and study of the finds and proceed with comparative research, its deep significance for general and art history, Old English literature and European archmology has become more and more evident. Yet much uncertainty prevails on general issues. Many questions cannot receive their final answer until the remaining mounds of the grave-field have been excavated. Others can be answered, or at any rate clarified, now. The purpose of this article is to clarify the broad position of the burial in English history and archmology. For example, it has been said that ' practically the whole of the Sutton Hoo ship-treasure is an importation from the Uppland province of Sweden. The great bulk of the work was produced in Sweden itself.' 1 Another writer claims that the Sutton Hoo ship- burial is the grave of a Swedish chief or king.' Clearly we must establish whether it is part of English archxology, or of Swedish, before we can start to draw from it the implications that we are impatient to draw. -
University of London Deviant Burials in Viking-Age
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA Ruth Lydia Taylor M. Phil, Institute of Archaeology, University College London UMI Number: U602472 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U602472 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA The thesis brings together information yielded from archaeology and other sources to provide an overall picture of the types of burial practices encountered during the Viking-Age in Scandinavia. From this, an attempt is made to establish deviancy. Comparative evidence, such as literary, runic, legal and folkloric evidence will be used critically to shed perspective on burial practices and the artefacts found within the graves. The thesis will mostly cover burials from the Viking Age (late 8th century to the mid- 11th century), but where the comparative evidence dates from other periods, its validity is discussed accordingly. Two types of deviant burial emerged: the criminal and the victim. A third type, which shows distinctive irregularity yet lacks deviancy, is the healer/witch burial. -
Chronology and Typology of the Danish Runic Inscriptions
Chronology and Typology of the Danish Runic Inscriptions Marie Stoklund Since c. 1980 a number of important new archaeological runic finds from the old Danish area have been made. Together with revised datings, based for instance on dendrochronology or 14c-analysis, recent historical as well as archaeological research, these have lead to new results, which have made it evident that the chronology and typology of the Danish rune material needed adjustment. It has been my aim here to sketch the most important changes and consequences of this new chronology compared with the earlier absolute and relative ones. It might look like hubris to try to outline the chronology of the Danish runic inscriptions for a period of nearly 1,500 years, especially since in recent years the lack of a cogent distinction between absolute and relative chronology in runological datings has been criticized so severely that one might ask if it is possible within a sufficiently wide framework to establish a trustworthy chro- nology of runic inscriptions at all. However, in my opinion it is possible to outline a chronology on an interdisciplinary basis, founded on valid non-runo- logical, external datings, combined with reliable linguistic and typological cri- teria deduced from the inscriptions, even though there will always be a risk of arguing in a circle. Danmarks runeindskrifter A natural point of departure for such a project consists in the important attempt made in Danmarks runeindskrifter (DR) to set up an outline of an overall chro- nology of the Danish runic inscriptions. The article by Lis Jacobsen, Tidsfæst- else og typologi (DR:1013–1042 cf. -
Stone-Cist Grave at Kaseküla, Western Estonia, in the Light of Ams Dates of the Human Bones
Estonian Journal of Archaeology, 2012, 16, 2, 91–117 doi: 10.3176/arch.2012.2.01 Margot Laneman STONE-CIST GRAVE AT KASEKÜLA, WESTERN ESTONIA, IN THE LIGHT OF AMS DATES OF THE HUMAN BONES The article discusses new AMS dates of the human bones at stone-cist grave I at Kaseküla, western Estonia, in the context of previously existent radiocarbon dates, artefact finds and osteological studies. There are altogether 12 radiocarbon dates for 10 inhumations (i.e. roughly a third of all burials) of the grave, provided by two laboratories. The dates suggest three temporally separated periods in the use life of the grave(s): the Late Bronze Age, the Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Late Iron Age. In the latter period, the grave was probably reserved for infant burials only. Along with chronological issues, the article discusses the apparently unusual structure of the grave and compares two competing osteological studies of the grave’s bone assemblage from an archaeologist’s point of view. Margot Laneman, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia; [email protected] Introduction The main aim of this article is to present and discuss new radiocarbon (AMS) dates of the human bones collected from stone-cist grave I at Kaseküla, western Estonia. The stone-cist grave was excavated by Mati Mandel in 1973 with the purpose of specifying the settlement history of the region (Mandel 1975). So far it has remained the only excavated stone-cist grave in mainland western Estonia (Mandel 2003, fig. 20). Excavation also uncovered a Late Neolithic settlement site beneath the grave, which was further investigated by Aivar Kriiska in 1997 (Kriiska et al. -
Terpen Tussen Vlie En .Eems
• VERENIGING VOOR TERPENONDERZOEK • TERPEN TUSSEN VLIE EN .EEMS EEN GEOGRAFISCH-HISTORISCHE BENADERING DOOR • H. HALBER TSMA II • TEKST • • • J. B. WOLTERS GRONINGEN • • TERPEN TUSSEN VLIE EN EEMS VERENIGING VOOR TERPENONDERZOEK TERPEN TUS'SEN VLIE EN EEMS EEN GEOGRAFISCH-HISTORISCHE BENADERING DOOR H. HALBERTSMA Conservator bij de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek te Amersfoort 11 TEKST J. B. WOLTERS GRONINGEN 1963 Uitgegeven in opdracht van de Vereniging voor Terpenonderzoek, met steun van de Nederlandse organisatie voor zuiver-wetenschappelijk onderzoek (Z. W.O.), het Prins Bernhard Fonds, de provinciale besturen van Friesland en Groningen, het Provinciaal Anjeifonds Friesland en het Harmannus Simon Kammingafonds Opgedragen aan Afbert Egges van Giffen door de schrijver WOORD VOORAF Het is geen geringe verdienste van de Vereniging voor Terpenonderzoek, de ver schijning van dit werk mogelijk te hebben gemaakt. Met nimmer aflatend ver trouwen heeft het Bestuur zich bovendien de moeilijkheden willen getroosten en de oplossingen helpen zoeken toen de schrijver zijn arbeid op een aanzienlijk later tijdstip voltooide dan hij zich aanvankelijk had voorgesteld, met alle gevolgen van dien. Moge de ontvangst" welke het werk vindt, de verwachtingen derhalve niet beschamen. Dank is de schrijver ook verschuldigd aan de Directeur van de Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek te Amersfoort, die hem ten volle in de ge legenheid stelde zich geruime tijd vrijwel uitsluitend aan de samenstelling van atlas en tekst te wijden en nimmer een beroep op de hulpmiddelen van zijn Dienst afwees. Woorden van erkentelijkheid zijn niet minder op hun plaats aan het Biologisch Archaeologisch Instituut der R.U. te Groningen, het Provinciaal Museum aldaar, het Fries Museum te Leeuwarden, het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden, de Stichting voor Bodemkartering te Bennekom, de Topografische Dienst te Delft, de Niedersächsische Landesstelle für Marschen- und Wurtenforschung te Wilhelms haven alsmede aan de Hypotheekkantoren te Groningen en Leeuwarden. -
ERILAZ a Ritual for Baritone, Violoncello and Percussion
Jeffrey Holmes ERILAZ a ritual for baritone, violoncello and percussion Score 2018 ce-jh1e1-dl-s JEFFREY HOLMES :ERILAZ: eRilay:ayt:alu A Ritual... for Baritone, Violoncello, and Percussion Text from the Lindholm amulet (DR 261, Rundata) ca. 3rd century, Skåne Full Score ii iii PERFORMANCE NOTES General 1. All tempi are approximate, but the relationships between tempi should be proportionally exact. 2. All accidentals apply through the measure and within one octave, and many cautionary accidentals are provided. 3. The following microtonal accidentals are used: B Quarter tone flat µ Quarter tone sharp J 1/6 tone lower than flat j 1/6 tone higher than flat K 1/6 tone lower than natural k 1/6 tone higher than natural L 1/6 tone lower than sharp l 1/6 tone higher than sharp 4. Pitches based on the harmonic series are labeled above the staff by their hypothetical fundamental and partial number. For example, G(7) indicates the seventh partial in the overtone series of G. (The fundamental is partial number 1.) These precise tunings are notationally approximated to the nearest quarter or sixth tone. Performers may either produce the notated quarter or sixth tone or, if accustomed to performing in just intonation, may produce the exact pitches of the indicated partials. Baritone In addition to singing, the baritone is asked to perform on three instruments: an Uruz horn (a primitive cowhorn) tuned to Eb, a lyre (or psaltery), and a drum, preferably a very large skinned tom-tom. Notation is as follows: iv Violoncello 1. The abbreviation s.t. -
Meanings of Community Across Medieval Eurasia
Meanings of Community across Medieval Eurasia Eirik Hovden, Christina Lutter and Walter Pohl - 9789004315693 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com07/19/2018 09:47:35AM via free access <UN> Brill’s Series on the Early Middle Ages Continuation of The Transformation of the Roman World Managing Editor Bonnie Effros (University of Florida) Editorial Board Deborah Deliyannis (Indiana University) Edward James (University College Dublin) Eduardo Manzano (cchs-csic Madrid) Walter Pohl (Austrian Academy of Sciences) Andrea Sterk (University of Minnesota) VOLUME 25 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsem Eirik Hovden, Christina Lutter and Walter Pohl - 9789004315693 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com07/19/2018 09:47:35AM via free access <UN> Meanings of Community across Medieval Eurasia Comparative Approaches Edited by Eirik Hovden Christina Lutter Walter Pohl leiden | boston Eirik Hovden, Christina Lutter and Walter Pohl - 9789004315693 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com07/19/2018 09:47:35AM via free access <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported (cc-by-nc-nd 3.0) License, which permits any noncommercial use, and distribution, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: The monastic complex of Gongkar Dorjeden. Wall painting by Yeshe Tendzin, Gongkar Dorjeden Monastery, Tibet; 1940s. ©Photograph by Jampel Shedrub. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hovden, Eirik, editor. | Lutter, Christina, editor. | Pohl, Walter, editor. Title: Meanings of community across medieval Eurasia : comparative approaches / edited by Eirik Hovden, Christina Lutter, Walter Pohl. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2016] | Series: Brill’s series on the Early Middle Ages ; volume 25 | Includes bibliographical references and index. -
New Bracteate Finds from Early Anglo-Saxon England by CHARLOTTE BEHR1
Medieval Archaeology, 54, 2010 New Bracteate Finds from Early Anglo-Saxon England By CHARLOTTE BEHR1 THE NUMBER OF bracteate finds from early Anglo-Saxon England has increased substan- tially in recent years. A catalogue draws together for the first time all the finds since 1993 and one, possibly two, dies with bracteate motifs. This leads to a review of their find circum- stances, distribution and their stylistic and iconographical links with continental and Scandi- navian bracteates. The outcome is a revised picture of the function and meaning of bracteates in Anglo-Saxon society, with the suggestion that the English adopted the idea for these pendants from Sievern in Germany but adapted the concept and iconography for local manufacture. In Kent use links to high-status female burials but outside Kent ritual deposition is also a possibility. With over 980 objects, mostly from Scandinavia, bracteates form one of the largest find groups in 5th- and 6th-century northern European archaeology. Examples from the early Anglo-Saxon period are yet another find group that has in recent years increased considerably thanks to metal-detector finds and their systematic recording in the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and the Treasure Annual Reports (TAR). Archaeological excavations have also contri- buted several new finds.2 Bracteates are round pendants usually made out of gold foil, occasionally silver or bronze foil, with a stamped central image. Dated to the second half of the 5th and first half of the 6th centuries, they were looped and worn on necklaces. The central image was figurative showing either one or more animals or an anthropomorphic head or figure often together with animals.3 Depending on the size of the metal sheet, one or more concentric rings, sometimes decorated with individual geometrical stamps, surround the image. -
Sekrety Run Z Rök. Pismo, Odczyty, Interpretacje 1 Sekrety Run Z Rök
Dysertacje Wydziału Neofilologii UAM w Poznaniu (Nowa seria) 9 Językoznawstwo Dominika Skrzypek Sekrety run z Rök. Pismo, odczyty, interpretacje 1 Sekrety run z Rök. Pismo, odczyty, interpretacje 1 Fot. 1. Kamień runiczny z Rök, tylna strona. (fot. Bengt A. Lundberg / Kulturmiljöbild, Riksantikvarieämbetet) 2 Dysertacje Wydziału Neofilologii UAM w Poznaniu 9 (Nowa seria) Językoznawstwo Dominika Skrzypek Sekrety run z Rök. Pismo, odczyty, interpretacje Poznań 2020 3 Projekt okładki: Wydawnictwo Rys Na okładce: Fragment fasady Biblioteki Wydziału Neofilologii UAM w Poznaniu Recenzja wydawnicza: dr hab. Witold Maciejewski, prof. Uniwersytetu SWPS Copyright by: Dominika Skrzypek Copyright by: Wydawnictwo Rys Redakcja Naukowa Dysertacji Wydziału Neofilologii UAM: Przewodniczący: prof. UAM dr hab. Dominika Skrzypek Wice-przewodniczący: prof. UAM dr hab. Marta Woźnicka Członkowie: prof. UAM dr hab. Sylwia Adamczak-Krysztofowicz prof. UAM dr hab. Barbara Łuczak prof. zw. dr hab. Piotr Muchowski prof. UAM dr hab. Wawrzyniec Popiel-Machnicki prof. UAM dr hab. Krzysztof Stroński prof. UAM dr hab. Janusz Taborek prof. UAM dr hab. Władysław Zabrocki Wydanie I, Poznań 2020 ISBN 978-83-66666-23-8 DOI 10.48226/dwnuam.978-83-66666-23-8_2020.9 Wydanie: Wydawnictwo Rys ul. Kolejowa 41 62-070 Dąbrówka tel. 600 44 55 80 e-mail: [email protected] 4 www.wydawnictworys.com Spis treści Wyjaśnienia skrótów ............................................................................................ 6 I. Wstęp ............................................................................................................