A Companion to Greek Democracy and the Roman Republic Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World
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A COMPANION TO GREEK DEMOCRACY AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises approximately twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY A Companion to Ancient Epic A Companion to the Roman Army Edited by John Miles Foley Edited by Paul Erdkamp A Companion to Greek Tragedy A Companion to the Roman Republic Edited by Justina Gregory Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to Latin Literature A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Stephen Harrison Edited by David S. Potter A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Ryan K. Balot Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to Ovid A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Peter E. Knox Edited by Daniel C. Snell A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language A Companion to the Hellenistic World Edited by Egbert Bakker Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Hellenistic Literature A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Martine Cuypers and James J. Clauss Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Vergil’s Aeneid and its Tradition A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Joseph Farrell and Michael C. J. Putnam Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Horace A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by Gregson Davis Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman Worlds A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Beryl Rawson Edited by Miriam Griffin A Companion to Greek Mythology A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone Edited by Liz James A Companion to the Latin Language A Companion to Ancient Egypt Edited by James Clackson Edited by Alan B. Lloyd A Companion to Tacitus A Companion to Ancient Macedonia Edited by Victoria Emma Pagán Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington A Companion to Women in the Ancient World A Companion to the Punic Wars Edited by Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon Edited by Dexter Hoyos A Companion to Sophocles A Companion to Augustine Edited by Kirk Ormand Edited by Mark Vessey A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East A Companion to Marcus Aurelius Edited by Daniel Potts Edited by Marcel van Ackeren A Companion to Roman Love Elegy A Companion to Ancient Greek Government Edited by Barbara K. Gold Edited by Hans Beck A Companion to Greek Art A Companion to the Neronian Age Edited by Tyler Jo Smith and Dimitris Plantzos Edited by Emma Buckley and Martin T. Dinter A Companion to Persius and Juvenal A Companion to Greek Democracy and the Roman Edited by Susanna Braund and Josiah Osgood Republic A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic Edited by Dean Hammer Edited by Jane DeRose Evans A Companion to Livy A Companion to Terence Edited by Bernard Mineo Edited by Antony Augoustakis and Ariana Traill LITERATURE AND CULTURE A Companion to Roman Architecture A Companion to Classical Receptions Edited by Roger B. Ulrich and Caroline K. Quenemoen Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography Antiquity Edited by John Marincola Edited by Paul Christesen and Donald G. Kyle A Companion to Catullus A Companion to Plutarch Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner Edited by Mark Beck A Companion to Roman Religion A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities Edited by Jörg Rüpke Edited by Thomas K. Hubbard A Companion to Greek Religion A Companion to the Ancient Novel Edited by Daniel Ogden Edited by Edmund P. Cueva and Shannon N. Byrne A Companion to the Classical Tradition A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf Edited by Jeremy McInerney A Companion to Roman Rhetoric A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall Edited by Melinda Hartwig A Companion to Greek Rhetoric A Companion to the Archaeology of Religion in the Ancient World Edited by Ian Worthington Edited by Rubina Raja and Jörg Rüpke A COMPANION TO GREEK DEMOCRACY AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Edited by Dean Hammer This edition first published 2015 © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Dean Hammer to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to Greek democracy and the Roman republic / edited by Dean Hammer. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-3601-6 (cloth) 1. Greece—Politics and government—To 146 B.C. 2. Rome—Politics and government—265-30 B.C. 3. Greece—Economic conditions—To 146 B.C. 4. Rome—Economic conditions—510-30 B.C. I. Hammer, Dean, 1959– JC73.C673 2015 320.938— dc23 2014012679 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Cesare Maccari, Cicero Denounces Catiline (detail of fresco), 1880. Palazzo Madama, Rome. © akg-images / Album / Oronoz Typeset in 10/12.5pt GalliardStd by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India 1 2015 Contents Notes on Contributors ix Abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 Dean Hammer 1 Reading the Past (On Comparison) 8 David Konstan PART I The Emergence of Participatory Communities 21 2 Why Greek Democracy? Its Emergence and Nature in Context 23 Kurt A. Raaflaub 3 Why Roman Republicanism? Its Emergence and Nature in Context 44 Michael P. Fronda PART II Constructing a Past 65 4 Autochthony and Identity in Greek Myth 67 Kathryn A. Morgan 5 Agriculture and Identity in Roman Myth 83 Mary Jaeger PART III D¯emokratia and Res Publica 99 6 Liberty, Equality, and Authority: A Political Discourse in Greek Participatory Communities 101 Vincent Farenga vi Contents 7 Liberty, Equality, and Authority: A Political Discourse in the Later Roman Republic 113 Malcolm Schofield PART IV Institutions 129 8 The Congruence of Power: Ruling and Being Ruled in Greek Participatory Communities 131 P.J. Rhodes 9 The Incongruence of Power: The Roman Constitution in Theory and Practice 146 Henrik Mouritsen PART V Law 165 10 Tyranny or the Rule of Law? Democratic Participation in Legal Institutions in Athens 167 David Cohen 11 The Evolution of Law and Legal Procedures in the Roman Participatory Context 179 Callie Williamson PART VI Social Values 193 12 Informal Norms, Values, and Social Control in Greek Participatory Communities 195 Nick Fisher 13 Informal Norms, Values, and Social Control in the Roman Participatory Context 217 Valentina Arena PART VII Power Relations and Political Groups 239 14 The Practice of Politics in Classical Athens, and the Paradox of Democratic Leadership 241 Robert W. Wallace 15 The Practice of Politics and the Unpredictable Dynamics of Clout in the Roman Republic 257 W. Jeffrey Tatum Contents vii PART VIII Rhetoric 275 16 Persuading the People in Greek Participatory Communities 277 Joseph Roisman 17 Persuading the People in the Roman Participatory Context 294 Robert Morstein-Marx PART IX Global Contexts 311 18 Interstate Relations, Colonization, and Empire among Greek Participatory Communities 313 Sarah Bolmarcich 19 Interstate Relations, Federal States, Colonization, and Empire during the Roman Republic 329 Craige B. Champion PART X Economic Life 347 20 Production, Trade, and Consumption in Greek Democracy 349 David W. Tandy 21 Production, Trade, and Consumption in the Roman Republic 368 Luuk de Ligt PART XI Discourses of Inclusion and Exclusion 387 22 Women and Slaves in Greek Democracy 389 Ryan K.