DOCSLIB.ORG

Marines in Gray: the Birth, Life and Death of the Confederate States Marine Corps

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marines in Gray: the Birth, Life and Death of the Confederate States Marine Corps MARINES IN GRAY: THE BIRTH, LIFE AND DEATH OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES MARINE CORPS A Thesis by MICHAEL E. KRIVDO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2006 Major Subject: History MARINES IN GRAY: THE BIRTH, LIFE AND DEATH OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES MARINE CORPS A Thesis by MICHAEL E. KRIVDO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, Joseph G. Dawson, III Committee Members, Roger R. Reese Cemal Pulak Head of Department, Walter R. Buenger December 2006 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Marines in Gray: The Birth, Life and Death of the Confederate States Marine Corps. (December 2006) Michael E. Krivdo, B.A., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Joseph G. Dawson, III This thesis explores and provides analysis on several areas of study related to the history of the Confederate States Marine Corps that have long been neglected. It examines the military and political processes that were instrumental in both creating and employing a Southern Marine Corps. It also investigates relationships between the U.S. and Confederate Marine Corps, particularly in light of how the experiences of former U.S. Marines shaped the growth of the Southern Corps. In particular, the thesis asserts that, despite shared origins, the CSMC seized on opportunities presented by the Civil War and became expert in new mission areas through the efforts of a core group of determined and experienced leaders. In the process, the CSMC came to eclipse its Northern cousin, becoming a valued and vital element of the Confederate Navy. The CSMC is examined in light of its national service, thereby affording fresh perspectives on the patterns formed by its actions as part of the Southern war effort. This new research framework supports a better understanding of the roles and missions expected by Southern leaders from their Corps, and more clearly illuminates the iv CSMC’s differences. In particular, this approach highlights the inherent strengths of the CSMC’s unique structure that lent itself to a more efficient concept of employment. Finally, this thesis asserts that the CSMC became, for its abbreviated history, the agile, innovative, and versatile fighting unit that, man-for-man, the U.S. Marine Corps would not achieve until some time late in the nineteenth century. However, the lessons of its service were not realized, in part because of its relative historical obscurity. v This manuscript is dedicated to my son, Michael Edward Krivdo, II, and daughter, Kaitlan Mary Krivdo. Their understanding and patience with my research have helped make this a qualitatively better product. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgement is given to the invaluable assistance of my committee chair and mentor, Professor Joseph G. Dawson, III, who has contributed innumerable hours to this manuscript. The countless hours he has spent reading through my drafts and providing recommendations have helped me in many ways. His efforts have helped me become a better researcher and writer, and his hard work and dedication are truly appreciated. I am also grateful to the skilled guidance and advice of Professor Roger Reese, who consistently challenged me to focus on the impact of individuals and to attempt to ascertain their underlying motivations. He has also taught me the value of being specific and precise in my writing, forcing me in many instances to come directly to the point that I was striving to make. In addition, Professor Cemal Pulak, has always provided me with encouragement throughout this long academic process. Despite his full schedule both on campus and abroad, he always made time for me and my research, and his keen eye for detail helped refine this manuscript in its final stages. His comments and recommendations always added a new perspective to my arguments. Finally, I wish to acknowledge the assistance and advice of my wife, Dianne Krivdo, whose support made this project possible. Not only did she provide steadfast and unconditional encouragement throughout the long process, she contributed in several direct ways to the completion of this manuscript. Dianne’s artistic and vii administrative expertise may be found throughout this work. More importantly, she helped to “take up the slack” at home when Dad was otherwise occupied with research, reading or writing. Dianne, my heartfelt thanks go out to you for allowing me this opportunity to pursue my academic goals. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….iii DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………..v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………….vi TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………..……viii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………..x LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………….……xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….1 II CREATING A CONFEDERATE CORPS OF MARINES…………………….16 III CHANGING ROLES AND MISSIONS……………………………………….75 IV OPERATING AS A BATTALION…………………………………………..139 V EMPLOYING COMPANIES AND DETACHMENTS……………...………167 VI CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………….…………..251 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………….……….271 APPENDIX A……………………………………………………………...…………291 ix Page APPENDIX B……………………………………………………………...…………293 VITA………..……………………………………………………………...…………295 x LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 2-1 Initial Organizational Model of the Confederate States Marine Corps, 16 March 1861………………………………………………………...17 2-2 Organization of the Confederate States Navy Department……………....…...41 2-3 Expanded CSMC Structure, 21 May 1861...………………...……….……....54 2-4 Further Expansion of the CSMC Structure, 24 September 1862….….……....56 3-1 Drewry’s Bluff and the James River South of Richmond…………………….76 3-2 Contemporary Drawing Depicting “Balloon View” of the Drewry’s Bluff Engagement……………………………………………....….78 3-3 Sketch of the Obstacle Belt at Drewry’s Bluff, Virginia ……..……………...87 3-4 Visible Wrecks Outlining the Obstacle Belt………….……………….……...90 3-5 View of Drewry’s Bluff from across the James River………………………..91 3-6 Contemporary Drawing of the USS Water Witch ..……...………………….106 4-1 Marine Battalion Deployments During the War……….…………...……….157 5-1 Contemporary Sketch of Fort Fisher, North Carolina……………..…….…..168 5-2 Location of the Two Navy Yards in Richmond………..……………………177 xi FIGURE Page 5-3 Map Showing the Deployments of Company A.……………………..……..180 5-4 The Commerce Raider CSS Sumter………………………………………...184 5-5 Contemporary Photograph of a Water Battery at Warrington…….………...186 5-6 Sketch of the Plan for the Second Attack on Fort Fisher….……………..…198 5-7 Map Showing the Deployments of Company B, CSMC…….……………...203 5-8 Hampton Roads Area on 8-9 March 1862………………………..………....210 5-9 Map Showing the Deployments of Company C…………………………….217 xii LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 2-1 Listing of U.S. Marine Officers Who Resigned or Were Dismissed Between December 1860 and December 1863………………………………..28 2-2 Confederate Marine Officers with Prior U.S. Military Service ..…………….46 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The American Civil War has been scrutinized to the point that it may seem to pose no new questions for historians to research; that all substantive matters regarding the war and its participants already have been answered. While much research has been done on the Civil War, some unexplored issues remain to be analyzed. This thesis investigates a neglected subject, the Confederate States Marine Corps (CSMC), and analyzes the military and political relationships that influenced that unit’s creation and employment. It examines how Confederate leaders allocated scarce Marine Corps assets in response to the enemy’s activities and looks at the patterns formed by such use to discern the concept for employing this unique military organization. In doing so, analysis will reveal a more complete and nuanced understanding of the Confederate Armed Forces. This thesis also explores the various roles and missions assigned to Confederate Marines, evaluates their performance at accomplishing those tasks, and looks at how they moved into new and more challenging assignments as the war progressed. It asserts that the Confederacy knowingly created the CSMC with a different structure than that of its Northern cousin, the USMC, and that the differences made the CSMC a more flexible and adaptable organization. The structural differences This thesis follows the style and format of the Journal of Military History. 2 allowed leaders to employ the CSMC on a national level, despite its small size, and also to rapidly concentrate units to meet more significant threats. In its short life, the CSMC acted upon ideas already in gestation prior to the conflict and performed essential, yet historically unappreciated, roles in support of the Confederate cause. The CSMC implemented certain operational concepts originally conceived in the pre-war U.S. Marine Corps, such as the deployment of battalion-sized expeditionary units integrated with modern rifled artillery, features that allowed it to better allocate its finite resources to meet stronger Union challenges with increased capability.1 Yet despite its successes, the CSMC’s military contributions have been generally unrecognized, overshadowed, or co-opted by other, larger unit operations or events. This work argues that the Confederacy, in creating and employing its Marine Corps, reaped benefits and rewards on a scale greater than the sum of its investment. The Civil War provided an opportunity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Officers and Crew Jack L
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar C.S.S. Alabama: An Illustrated History Library Special Collections Fall 10-10-2017 Part 2: Officers and Crew Jack L. Dickinson Marshall University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/css_al Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Dickinson, Jack L., "Part 2: Officers and Crew" (2017). C.S.S. Alabama: An Illustrated History. 2. http://mds.marshall.edu/css_al/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Special Collections at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in C.S.S. Alabama: An Illustrated History by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. CSS Alabama : An Illustrated History In Six Parts: You are here Part 1: Building of Ship 290 ---> Part 2: Officers and Crew Part 3: Cruise of the Alabama Part 4: Battle with USS Kearsarge Part 5: Wreck Exploration & Excavation Part 6: Miscellaneous and Bibliography (the Alabama Claims, poems, music, sword of Raphael Semmes) To read any of the other parts, return to the menu and select that part to be downloaded. Designed and Assembled by Jack L. Dickinson Marshall University Special Collections 2017 1 CSS Alabama: An Illustrated History Officers and CREW OF THE CSS ALABAMA During the Civil War naval officers were divided into four categories for purposes of berthing and messing aboard ship: cabin, wardroom, steerage, and forward officers. The captain had a private state room, and higher ranking officers had small cabins, while lower ranks only had individual lockers.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 National History Bee National Championships Round
    2014 National History Bee National Championships Bee Finals BEE FINALS 1. Two men employed by this scientist, Jack Phillips and Harold Bride, were aboard the Titanic, though only the latter survived. A company named for this man was embroiled in an insider trading scandal involving Rufus Isaacs and Herbert Samuel, members of H.H. Asquith's cabinet. He shared the Nobel Prize with Karl Ferdinand Braun, and one of his first tests was aboard the SS Philadelphia, which managed a range of about two thousand miles for medium-wave transmissions. For the point, name this Italian inventor of the radio. ANSWER: Guglielmo Marconi 048-13-94-25101 2. A person with this surname died while piloting a plane and performing a loop over his office. Another person with this last name was embroiled in an arms-dealing scandal with the business Ottavio Quattrochi and was killed by a woman with an RDX-laden belt. This last name is held by "Sonia," an Italian-born Catholic who declined to become prime minister in 2004. A person with this last name declared "The Emergency" and split the Congress Party into two factions. For the point, name this last name shared by Sanjay, Rajiv, and Indira, the latter of whom served as prime ministers of India. ANSWER: Gandhi 048-13-94-25102 3. This man depicted an artist painting a dog's portrait with his family in satire of a dog tax. Following his father's commitment to Charenton asylum, this painter was forced to serve as a messenger boy for bailiffs, an experience which influenced his portrayals of courtroom scenes.
    [Show full text]
  • “What Are Marines For?” the United States Marine Corps
    “WHAT ARE MARINES FOR?” THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE CIVIL WAR ERA A Dissertation by MICHAEL EDWARD KRIVDO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2011 Major Subject: History “What Are Marines For?” The United States Marine Corps in the Civil War Era Copyright 2011 Michael Edward Krivdo “WHAT ARE MARINES FOR?” THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS IN THE CIVIL WAR ERA A Dissertation by MICHAEL EDWARD KRIVDO Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Joseph G. Dawson, III Committee Members, R. J. Q. Adams James C. Bradford Peter J. Hugill David Vaught Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger May 2011 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT “What Are Marines For?” The United States Marine Corps in the Civil War Era. (May 2011) Michael E. Krivdo, B.A., Texas A&M University; M.A., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Joseph G. Dawson, III This dissertation provides analysis on several areas of study related to the history of the United States Marine Corps in the Civil War Era. One element scrutinizes the efforts of Commandant Archibald Henderson to transform the Corps into a more nimble and professional organization. Henderson's initiatives are placed within the framework of the several fundamental changes that the U.S. Navy was undergoing as it worked to experiment with, acquire, and incorporate new naval technologies into its own operational concept.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rewards of Risk-Taking: Two Civil War Admirals* 
    The 2014 George C. Marshall Lecture in Military History The Rewards of Risk-Taking: Two Civil War Admirals* James M. McPherson Abstract The willingness to take risks made Rear Admiral David Glasgow Far- ragut, victor at New Orleans in 1862 and Mobile Bay in 1864, the Union’s leading naval commander in the Civil War. Farragut’s boldness contrasted strongly with the lack of decisiveness shown in the failure in April 1863 to seize the port of Charleston, South Carolina, by Rear Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont, whose capture of Port Royal Sound in South Carolina in November of 1861 had made him the North’s first naval hero of the war. Du Pont’s indecisiveness at Charleston led to his removal from command and a blighted career, while the risk-taking Farragut went on to become, along with generals U.S. Grant and Wil- liam T. Sherman, one of the principal architects of Union victory. n September 1864 Captain Charles Steedman of the United States Navy praised Rear Admiral David Glasgow Farragut for his decisive victory over ConfederateI forts and warships in the Battle of Mobile Bay the previous month. “That little man,” wrote Steedman of the wiry Farragut who was actually just * This essay derives from the George C. Marshall Lecture on Military History, delivered on 4 January 2014 at the annual meeting of the American Historical Association, Washington, D.C. The Marshall Lecture is sponsored by the Society for Military History and the George C. Marshall Foundation. James M. McPherson earned a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins University in 1963 and from 1962 to 2004 taught at Princeton University, where he is currently the George Henry Davis ’86 Profes- sor of American History Emeritus.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Development in Revolutionary Virginia : Fredericksburg, 1750-1810
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1982 Economic development in revolutionary Virginia : Fredericksburg, 1750-1810 William H. Siener College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Siener, William H., "Economic development in revolutionary Virginia : Fredericksburg, 1750-1810" (1982). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623731. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-xkwz-4c74 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Civil War Naval Campaign for Memphis
    To Retain Command of the Mississippi To Retain Command of the Mississippi The Civil War Naval Campaign for Memphis Edward B. McCaul Jr. University of Tennessee / Knoxville u Copyright © 2014 by The University of Tennessee Press / Knoxville. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. First Edition. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCaul, Edward B., 1951- To retain command of the Mississippi : the Civil War naval campaign for Memphis / Edward B. McCaul Jr. — First edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-62190-135-8 1. Memphis, Battle of, Memphis, Tenn., 1862 2. Mississippi River Valley—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Naval operations. I. Title. II. Title: Civil War naval campaign for Memphis. E473.5.M33 2014 973.7'32—dc23 2014023334 To my father, Edward B. McCaul, who served in the United States Navy during World War II. Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xxi Chapter 1. The Importance of the Mississippi River 1 Chapter 2. The Confederate River Defense Fleet 9 Chapter 3. The Union Fleets 27 Chapter 4. The Situation 77 Chapter 5. The Battle of Plum Point 95 Chapter 6. The Fall of Fort Pillow 115 Chapter 7. The Battle of Memphis 127 Chapter 8. The Aftermath 145 Chapter 9. Rams versus Guns 155 Conclusion: The Impact of the Battle of Memphis 163 Appendix A. History of the Boats 167 Appendix B. Biographies 173 Appendix C. Acting Volunteer Lieutenant Commander William R. Hoel 179 Notes 185 Bibliography 233 Index 241 Illustrations Figures USS General Bragg 20 Monarch Ramming
    [Show full text]
  • Deep South Genealogical Quarterly
    DEEP SOUTH GENEALOGICAL QUARTERLY VOLUME 53 - NUMBER 1 FEBRUARY 2016 Published by MOBILE GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. Mobile, Alabama CONTENTS PAGE ARTICLE PAGE ARTICLE 2 ������� Submissions policy 22 ������ Death Notices 1890 A-J from ����������� The Mobile Daily Register 3 ������� Letter from the Editor- “Think” ����������� Transcribed by Kathy Richardson ����������� By Kathy Richardson 29 ������ Genealogical Abstracts from 5 ������� Membership application; ����������� Fairhope Courier, 1894 ����������� MGS research guidelines ����������� Abstracted by Kathy Richardson 6 ������� Genealogical Abstracts from 30 ������ The History of Monterey Street ����������� The Weekly Register, July 19, 1879 ����������� By Jay Higginbotham ����������� Abstracted by Kathy Richardson 41 ������ Genealogical Abstracts from 7 ������� Eleven Generations and 313 Years ����������� Mobile Advertiser and Register, 1864 ����������� in Mobile (Part 4 of 4) ����������� Transcribed by Michelle Woodham ����������� By Llewellyn M. Toulmin, Ph.D., F.R.G.S. 44 ������ Genealogical Abstracts from 16������� Genealogical Abstracts from ����������� Mobile Daily Register, 1916 ����������� The Mobile Register, 1916 ����������� Transcribed by Kathy Richardson ����������� Abstracted by Kathy Richardson 46 ������ MGS publications available for purchase 17 ������� Destruction by the Hurricane of 1916 51 ������� Index 19������� Genealogical Abstracts from ����������� The Mobile Register, 1916 56 ������ MGS publications order form ����������� Abstracted by Kathy Richardson Photo,
    [Show full text]
  • By the History Workshop Table of Contents
    THINK LIKE A HISTORIAN BY THE HISTORY WORKSHOP TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: ............................................................................................................................................3 SUGGESTED GRADE LEVEL: .........................................................................................................................3 OBJECTIVES: .................................................................................................................................................3 MATERIALS: ..................................................................................................................................................3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION: ......................................................................................................................4 UNDERSTANDING MITCHELVILLE ...................................................................................................4 DOING HISTORICAL RESEARCH: .....................................................................................................15 LESSON ACTIVITIES: .....................................................................................................................................17 TEACHER GUIDANCE QUESTIONS: ..................................................................................................19 STANDARDS: ...................................................................................................................................19 RESOURCES: ....................................................................................................................................20
    [Show full text]
  • The Navy in the Civil
    The Navies of the Civil War Overview Anderson, Bern. By Sea and by River: the Naval History of the Civil War. New York: Knopf, 1962. F834 A545b Hearn, Chester G. Naval battles of the Civil War. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press, 2000. UN834 H436n 2000 Oversized Material Porter, David D. The Naval History of the Civil War. New York: Sherman Publishing Co., 1886. F834 P84n Union Joiner, Gary D. Mr. Lincoln’s Brown Water Navy: the Mississippi Squadron. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2007. UN834 J74m Merrill, James M. The Rebel Shore: the Story of Union Sea Power in the Civil War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1957. F834 M571r Taaffe, Stephen R. Commanding Lincoln's Navy: Union Naval Leadership During the Civil War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2009. UN834 T111c Confederacy Campbell, R. Thomas, editor. Voices of the Confederate Navy: Articles, Letters, Reports, and Reminiscences. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2008. UN861 V889 Hearn, Chester G. Gray Raiders of the Sea: How Eight Confederate Warships Destroyed the Union's High Seas Commerce. Camden, Maine: International Marine Publishing, 1992. F834z H436g Scharf, J. Thomas. History of Confederate States Navy from Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel. Albany, New York: Joseph McDonough, 1894. F834z S31h 1894 Gunboats Walke, Henry. Naval Scenes on the Western Waters. The gunboats Taylor, Carondelet and Lafayette. [S.l., 187-?] F8347 N318 Gosnell, Harpur Allen. Guns on the Western Waters: the Story of River Gunboats in the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, [1949]. F834 G677g Joyner, Elizabeth Hoxie. The USS Cairo: History and Artifacts of a Civil War Gunboat.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record-Senate. Decemb~R 8
    196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMB~R 8, gress hold no session for legislative purposes on Sunday-to the Com­ Mr. II.A.LE presented a petition of the Master Builders' Exchange mittee on the Judiciary. of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for a more careful investigation by the By Mr. O'NEILL, of Pennsylvania: Resolutions of the Tobacco Census Office of the electrical industries; which was referred :to the Trade Association of Philadelphia, requesting Congress to provide by Committee on the Census. legislation for the payment of a rebate of 2 cents per pound on the Ile also presenteda resolution adopted by the ChamberofCommerce stock of tax-paid tobacco and snuff on hand on the 1st of January, of New Haven, Conn., favoring the petition of the National Electric 1891-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Light Association, praying for a more careful investigation by the Cen­ By Mr. PETERS: Petition of Wichita wholesale grocers and numer­ sus Office of the electrical industries; which wus referred to the Com­ ous citizens of Kansa8, for rebate amendment to tariff bill-to the mittee on the Census. Committee on Ways and Means. l\Ir. GORMAN. I present a great number of memorials signed by By Mr. THOMAS: Petition ofW. Grams,W. J. Keller.and 9others, very many residents of the United States, remonstrating against the of La Crosse, ·wis., and B. T. Ilacon and 7 others, of the State of Minne­ passage of the Federal election bill now pending, or any other bill of sota, praying for the passage of an act or rebate amendment to the like purport, wb~ch the memoriali5ts think would tend to destroy the tariff law approved October 1, 1890, allowing certain drawbacks or re­ purity of elections, and would unnecessarily impose heavy burdens bates upon unbroken packages of smoking and manufactured tobacco on the taxpayers, and be revolutionizing the constitutional practices and snuffs-to the Committee on Ways and Means.
    [Show full text]
  • The Civil War
    THE CIVIL WAR wounded in the shoulder and lost General George B. McClellan reliev- UNION GENERALS the use of his arm during the de- ing him of command of th Army of fense of Springfield. 3" x 1". Cut sig- the Potomac. 7 1/2" x 4". Signed Note. nature with rank. “E.B. Brown Brig. “Dear Shelton, I send you above, the Gen. Vols.” Fine. $150 - up only record on my books that will throw any light on the subject of your company’s acceptance - I pre- * 126 sume however that is sufficient. Re- HENRY L. ABBOTT (1842 - 1864). cruiting is going on very well and I think Ohio will come up to the mark Union Brevet Brigadier General, for * 131 without fail. Yours truly, C. P. gallant services in the battle of the JUDSON DAVID BINGHAM Buckingham, Adj. Genl. O.” Fine. Wilderness. Killed at Wilderness, Va (1831 - 1909). Union Bvt. Brigadier $200 - up on May 6, 1864. 8" x 2 1/2". Cut signa- General. 7" x 2". Signature cut from a ture with rank. “Very respectfully, larger typed document. “Very Re- Your obdt. Servant Henry L. Abbott spectfully, Your Obedient Servant, Lieut. Colonel of Engineers Com- J.D. Bingham, Deputy Quartermaster manding”. Tape residue at left and * 129 General, Brevet Brigadier General, upper left corner missing. Fine. JAMES A. BEAVER(1837-1914), U.S. Army.” Fine $35 - up $35 - up Union Brevet Brigadier-General dur- ing the Civil War, Governor of Penn- sylvania, Judge. TLS James A. Beaver * 134 1page, 8 ½” x 11”, dated Harrisburg, AMBROSE E.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation Into British Neutrality During the American Civil War 1861-65
    AN INVESTIGATION INTO BRITISH NEUTRALITY DURING THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861-65 BY REBECCA CHRISTINE ROBERTS-GAWEN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of MA by Research Department of History University of Birmingham November 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis sought to investigate why the British retained their policy of neutrality throughout the American Civil War, 1861-65, and whether the lack of intervention suggested British apathy towards the conflict. It discovered that British intervention was possible in a number of instances, such as the Trent Affair of 1861, but deliberately obstructed Federal diplomacy, such as the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. This thesis suggests that the British public lacked substantial and sustained support for intervention. Some studies have suggested that the Union Blockade of Southern ports may have tempted British intervention. This thesis demonstrates how the British sought and implemented replacement cotton to support the British textile industry. This study also demonstrates that, by the outbreak of the Civil War, British society lacked substantial support for foreign abolitionists’’ campaigns, thus making American slavery a poorly supported reason for intervention.
    [Show full text]