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Economic Development in Revolutionary Virginia : Fredericksburg, 1750-1810

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W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1982 Economic development in revolutionary Virginia : Fredericksburg, 1750-1810 William H. Siener College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Siener, William H., "Economic development in revolutionary Virginia : Fredericksburg, 1750-1810" (1982). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623731. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-xkwz-4c74 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University M icrofilm s International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8219052 Siener, William Harold ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN REVOLUTIONARY VIRGINIA: FREDERICKSBURG, 1750-1810 The College of William and Mary in Virginia PH.D. 1982 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Rond,Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Copyright 1982 t>y Siener, William Harold All Rights Reserved ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN REVOLUTIONARY VIRGINIA: FREDERICKSBURG, 1750-1810 A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by William H. Siener 1982 APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Author Approved, May 1982 John Whittenburg Philip J.\Fun Louis P. Maganzin Department of History and Government College Misericordia TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................... iv LIST OF TABLES....................................... vi LIST OF F I G U R E S ..................................... x ABSTRACT............................................. xi CHAPTER I. FREDERICKSBURG AND THE URBAN SOUTH . 2 CHAPTER II. "A CONSIDERABLE TOWN OF TRADE, FURNISH­ ING THE COUNTRY AROUND" 4 3 CHAPTER III. "NOT ONE SPOT IN THE STATE SO GENERALLY USEFULL" .............................. 95 CHAPTER IV. "... FALLEN ON DOWNRIGHT MANU- FACTORING" ...............................158 CHAPTER V. MERCHANTS, MECHANICKS, AND SAILORS: FREDERICKSBURG'S POPULATION AFTER THE REVOLUTION ...............................258 CHAPTER VI. "THE COUNCIL . DO ORDER . TOWN GOVERNMENT IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY FREDERICKSBURG ........................ 329 CONCLUSIONS............................................ 400 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................ 404 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I should like to thank Professor John E. Selby for his guidance with this dissertation. His careful reading of an earlier draft and thoughtful comments have been invaluable in preparing this revision. Many others have helped me bring this project to conclusion as well. Russell R. Menard introduced me to the possibilities of quantification and helped me conceptualize this topic. Louis Maganzin has offered comment, criticism and guidance at every step of the way. James P. Whittenburg initiated me to the mysteries of the computer and helped me to ask the right questions of my data. Gerald S. Cowden has given insightful criticism as well as encouragement whenever my energy or spirit has flagged. Frank W. Grauman, A.I.A. gave his advice and assistance in preparing the graphs. This dissertation could not have been completed with­ out the aid of the interlibrary loan services of the Virginia State Library and Mary Washington College. I especially wish to thank the interlibrary loan department at the Osterhout Free Library, Wilkes-Barre, for quickly and courteously processing my innumerable requests for unusual materials. The Board of Directors of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society has been generous in granting me extra time off to complete the dissertation, My staff at the Society, the good people and true professionals that they are, have shouldered more than their fair share of the burden of work to keep things running smoothly during my absences, My wife, Estelle, has made more contributions than words can express. She has tolerated relocations and job changes, long research trips and my extended absences. Her professional skill as a systems analyst sustained us during the early years of this project, and she has made her knowledge available to me to help me organize and process my data. She has assumed an inequitable proportion of the difficulties of raising a growing family. I truly could not have finished this dissertation without her. v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Known Fredericksburg Residents Investing In Virginia Loan Office Certificates ............. 148 2. Known Fredericksburgers Advancing Tobacco to the State at 6% Interest, June 1780. 149 3. Known Fredericksburgers Paying Advance Taxes Pursuant to Assembly Resolution of June 1780.. .................... ............. 150 4. Fredericksburg Residents Purchasing Escheated Loyalist Property .................... 151 5. Fredericksburg Residents and Landowners Acted Against by Escheators................. 152 6. Part a. Tobacco Exports from Rappahannock River, August 1-December 31, 1789 .......... 178 Part b. Tobacco Exports from Rappahannock River, April 1-June 30, 1790................. 179 Part c. Tobacco Exports from Rappahannock River, April 1-September 30, 17 92 .......... 18 0 7. Part a. Number of Hogsheads of Tobacco Shipped from Fredericksburg Warehouse, 1762- 1775 .......................................... 183 Part b. Number of Hogsheads of Tobacco Shipped from Fredericksburg, Royston's, Dixon's, and Falmouth Warehouses, 1782- 1812, 184-185 8. Mean Annual Tobacco Exports, in Hogsheads, from Fredericksburg, Royston's, Dixon's and Falmouth Warehouses 189 9. Percentage of Rappahannock Tobacco Shipped to Liverpool, Whitehaven, and Scotland, 1727- 1772........... , 193 vi LIST OF TABLES— Continued Table Page 10. Part a. Destinations of Tobacco Exported by Merchants Living in Fredericksburg, August 1-December 31, 1789 .......... 196 Part b. Destinations of Tobacco Exported by Merchants Living in Fredericksburg, April 1-June 30, 1792............... 197 Part c. Destinations of Tobacco Exported by Merchants Living in Fredericksburg, April 1-September 30, 1792 ................... 198 11. Merchants Controlling Majority of Fredericksburg Tobacco Exports, 178 9, 17 90, and 1792, with their Places of Birth .......... 199 12. Licensees to Stem and Manufacture Tobacco Granted by Fredericksburg Hustings Court, 1801-1810 210 13. Rappahannock Naval District Grain and Flour Exports, 1763-1772, for Years with Complete Records .............................. 211 14. Produce Exported from Fredericksburg and Falmouth, 1809-1810............................ 213 15. Flour Inspected in Fredericksburg, 1801- 1 8 1 0 .............................................214 16. Sales of Flour in Norfolk by George Murray and Company for Murray, Grinnan and Mundell, Fredericksburg......................... 216 17. Personnel in the Fredericksburg Flour and Grain Trade, 1791-1808 .......... 232 18. Part a. Vessels Arriving at Fredericksburg 1806-1810, Number of Arrivals and Percent­ age of Total .250 Part b. Vessels Departing From Fredericks­ burg, 1806-1810, Number of Departures and Percentage of Total, ............ 251 19. Part a. Arrivals at Fredericksburg by Type of Vessel, 1806, 1809, 1810 ....... 252 Part b. Departures
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