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Glasgow: Von Der Altindustriellen Stadt Zur www.ssoar.info Glasgow: von der altindustriellen Stadt zur postindustriellen Metropole? Burdack, Joachim Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Burdack, J. (1997). Glasgow: von der altindustriellen Stadt zur postindustriellen Metropole? Europa Regional, 5.1997(1), 34-45. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-48342-7 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Glasgow – Von der altindustriellen Stadt zur postindustriellen Metropole? JOACHIM BURDACK Der Ballungsraum um Glasgow, die Clyde- politik eingeleitet: Stadtumbau und Stadt- es gilt vor allem soziale Innovationsblok- side Conurbation, ist mit nahezu 2 Mio. erneuerung werden seitdem als Voraus- kaden und ‘sklerotische Milieus’ zu über- Einwohnern die größte und wirtschaftlich setzung der Erneuerung der wirtschaftli- winden. Ein ‘sklerotisches Milieu’, das in bedeutendste Metropole in Schottland und chen Basis erkannt. altindustriellen Regionen traditionell do- eine der größten Regionalmetropolen des Der folgende Beitrag zieht zwei Jahr- miniert, verhindert eine grundlegende Er- Vereinigten Königreichs. Mit über 600.000 zehnte nach der Wende in der Stadtpolitik neuerung der Region auch bei einer offen- Einwohnern zählt die Kernstadt Glasgow, eine (Zwischen-)Bilanz der Erneuerungs- sichlich krisenhaften Entwicklung, indem das wirtschaftliche Zentrum der Conurba- bemühungen und gibt einen Ausblick auf es alternative Problemlösungen und nicht- tion, trotz starker Bevölkerungsverluste in aktuelle Problemfelder und Tendenzen der milieukonforme Akteure ausfiltert und der Nachkriegszeit immer noch zu den Stadtentwicklung. ausschließt. Erst wenn das traditionelle größten districts (Bezirken) in Großbri- Interessengeflecht in der Region ‘brüchig’ tannien. Die Entwicklung Glasgows in Eine lange Tradition wirtschaftlicher wird und sich desintegriert, kann ein neues den letzten Jahrzehnten stellt in vieler Hin- Innovation und wirtschaftlichen ‘innovatives Milieu’ entstehen. CHECKLAND sicht einen Modellfall für Niedergang und Wandels (1976) benutzt in Zusammenhang mit do- Revitalisierung einer industriell gepräg- In der theoretischen Diskussion um Grün- minierenden Branchen und Milieus in alt- ten Stadt im westlichen Europa dar: Die de des wirtschaftlichen Niedergangs von industriellen Regionen die Metapher vom Conurbation am Unterlauf des Clyde war altindustriellen Regionen und Städten und ‘Upas Tree’, einem tropischen Baum, un- zu Beginn des 20. Jh.s eine der führenden den Chancen ihrer Revitalisierung domi- ter dessen dichter Krone keine andere Industrieregionen der Welt, und Glasgow nierten lange Zeit Erklärungsansätze, die Vegetation heranwachsen kann. bezeichnete sich voller Stolz als ‘the sec- wirtschaftsstrukturelle Faktoren in den Berücksichtigt werden sollten bei der ond city of the empire’. Früher als in Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung rückten. Zu Frage der Revitalisierung altindustrieller anderen Städten erreichte die industrielle nennen sind hier vor allem die Theorie der Städte und dem Wandel traditioneller Mi- Entwicklung – mit ihren Schwerpunkten lange Wellen, das Modell des Produktle- lieus auch politikwissenschaftliche An- im Schiff- und Schwermaschinenbau – benszyklus, Modellvorstellungen von sätze zu urban governance und urban re- einen Wendepunkt, und die Stadt geriet in regionalen Entwicklungszyklen1. In den gimes, die sich mit veränderten Zielset- eine Dauerkrise. Noch vor zwei Jahrzehn- letzten Jahren verlagerte sich die Diskus- zungen der lokalen Stadtpolitik, lokalen ten galt Glasgow als „the most striking sion verstärkt von ökonomischen zu mehr Wachstumskoalition und ihrer Durch- example of metropolitan decline in the soziologisch/sozialwissenschaftlichen setzungsfähigkeit auseinandersetzen (FAIN- United Kingdom“ (REED 1993c, S. 211). Deutungsversuchen. Der neue Zugang zum STEIN 1990; NEWMANN u. THORNLEY 1994). Heute hat die Stadt in ihrem Selbstver- Problem ist vor allem mit Begriffen wie Der strukturell nicht erklärbare Erfolg von ständnis und ihrer Außendarstellung radi- regionaler Vernetzung oder regionalem Revitalisierungsbemühungen ist nach kal mit der industriellen Vergangenheit Milieu verbunden. Besonders prägnant KLETZANDER (1995, S. 6) in wesentlichem gebrochen. Glasgow versucht sich statt- formuliert LÄPPLE (1994, S. 38) den Mi- Maß von den Entscheidungen und Aktio- dessen als eine der ersten postindustriellen lieu-Ansatz. Danach ist nicht eine bestimm- nen der lokalen politischen und wirtschaft- Städte Europas zu präsentieren. Durch te Sektoren- oder Branchenstruktur die lichen Eliten abhängig. kulturelle Großveranstaltungen und Ver- entscheidende Determinante der regiona- In Glasgow hat sich ein radikales Ab- marktung des städtebaulichen Erbes als len Entwicklung, sondern „...die spezifi- wenden von der industriellen Tradition „finest surviving example of a great Victo- schen Bedingungen und Besonderheiten vollzogen, und das ‘sklerotische Milieu’ ist rian City“ (REED 1993b, S. 189) ist es einer Region wie z.B. intraregionale Ver- zumindest teilweise durch neue Ansätze tatsächlich gelungen, das Außenimage flechtungszusammenhänge und Koopera- abgelöst worden. In den siebziger Jahren entscheidend zu ändern. Glasgow gilt in- tionsformen, wirtschaftshistorische und setzten sich in Glasgow Entwicklungsstra- zwischen als Paradebeispiel erfolgreichen kulturelle Traditionen, spezifische Quali- tegien durch, die Innenentwicklung und Stadtmarketings, dem andere Städte nach- fikationsrepertoirs etc. – kurz: das ‘Mi- Dienstleistungsorientierung betonten. In zueifern versuchen. Die Weichenstellun- lieu’ der Region – bestimmen in starkem historischer Perspektive lassen sich vor al- gen für die jetzt sichtbare Revitalisierung Maße die jeweiligen Wachstums- und lem zwei Entwicklungen anführen, die die- der Stadt erfolgten zum großen Teil be- Beschäftigungsentwicklungen der Bran- se Umorientierung verständlich machen: reits Mitte der siebziger Jahre. Schon da- chen in der Region“. erstens die historische Erfahrung erfolg- mals wurde ein Zusammenhang zwischen Aus der Sicht des Milieu-Ansatzes ist reich bewältigter Umbrüche in der lokalen ökonomischem Wiederaufschwung und das Hauptproblem altindustrieller Räume städtebaulicher Revitalisierung betont und nicht eine technologische oder infrastruk- 1 Siehe hierzu u.a. Hamm & Wienert (1990); Burdack eine Wende in der Stadtentwicklungs- turelle ‘Modernisierungslücke’, sondern (1994). 34 EUROPA REGIONAL 5(1997)1 Quelle: CityofGlasgow PlanningDepartmentDistrictPlan(1984, ergänzt) Abb. 1:FlächenutzunginGlasgow 1996 Glasgow Nutzungsart Flächennutzung 1996 Wohngebiet Industrie- und Gewerbegebiet großflächige öffentl. Einrichtung Büro- und Einzelhandelsfläche Drumchapel Stadtzentrum (überwiegend Büro- und Einzelhandelsfläche Freifläche, Grünfläche Maryhill Brachfläche (z.T. Gewerbebrache Springburn zur Nutzung vorgesehen) River Clyde Kelvinside Possilpark Port Stadtteilzentrum Dundas Clyde Tunnel Easterhouse Govan 1 Autobahn, autobahnähnliche 2 Straße Autobahn, geplant Gorbals Parkhead Shettleston Bridgeton Eisenbahn Pollok 1 Scottish Conference and Exhibition Centre Cambuslang 2 ehem. Areal des National Garden Festival Castlemilk 0 1 2 3 4 5 km IfL1997 35 Karteninhalt: J. Burdack Maßstab 1 : 110 000 Kartographie: R. Bräuer Wirtschaft im 18. und 19. Jh. und zweitens • nördlich des Stadtzentrums um St. Rol- von 1934 und 1937 wurden zu diesem das lange, großenteils vergebliche Bemü- lox und Port Dundas am Forth & Clyde Zweck Betriebsansiedlungen gefördert und hen um eine Erneuerung der industriellen Canal und seinen Seitenarmen mit erste Industrie- und Gewerbeparks einge- Basis während des 20. Jh.s. dem Lokomotiv- und Schwermaschi- richtet. Hatten die Neuansiedlungen zu- Einen ersten wirtschaftlichen Auf- nenbau, nächst noch geringen Umfang, so unter- schwung erlebte Glasgow im 18. Jh., als • im East End mit der Stahlerzeugung nahm man in den fünfziger Jahren mit nach dem Unionsvertrag (1707) schotti- und -verarbeitung und staatlicher Förderung den Versuch, eine schen Kaufleuten der Handel mit den engli- • westlich des Stadtzentrums
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