'lhoHousoOf RO'lHSGHIhD 'Gary Allen, a graduate of Stanford, is author of the best-seller None Dare Call It Conspiracy. He has ju st published a new book, The Rockefeller File , .which is n ow available. Mr . Allen is an AMERICAN OPINION Contributing Editor.

• THOSE uncommonly rich Roth­ and power. Business Week of January schilds of Europe have recently ac­ 12, 1976, observes: "The Rothschilds' quired a major Californ ia banking billions gave them more power than .chain and a large Pennsylvania steel any multinational company, however company. Many Americans are begin­ sovereign, enjoys today. Governments ning to wonder if we are right in the courted them for loans, Europe's middle of a Rothschilds' move into bourses [stock exchanges] were easily the American economy. manipulated by their alternating bull The very name Rothschild evokes and bear tactics ...." But the name images of enormous wealth, luxury, Rothschild is also historically synony-

. APRIL, 1976 13 mous with conspiracy, intrigue, and rope to seli them to prosperous collec­ manipulation. The Rothschilds an tors. 'Eventually this led him to an au­ but invented international banking.' dience'with the wealthy Landgrave of Joseph Wechsberg writes in The Hesse. * Meyer sold the landgrave .a Merchant Hankers: "Sometimesthey number of his most precious medals made mistakes and gave loans to the and coins. It was the first Rothschild wrong country, and lost money. They transaction with a head of state. influenced national economies, backed Prince William of Hesse was enor­ cities and countries, railroads and mously wealthy, in part from selling utilities, invested in underdeveloped the serfs of his domain to anyone who areas, pioneered shipping lines, canals happened to need soldiers. He was the and communications, equipped whole ' source of the Hessian troops used armies, became king-makers and court against us by the British in our War bankers, and frequently made world for Independence. This has occasion­ history .. .." ally led enemies of the Rothschilds to For the past 175 years the history claim that it was Meyer Rothschild of the House of Rothschild has been , who sold the Hessians to the English to an amazing extent the backstage to kill Americans. It makes a good po­ history of power in Western Europe. lemic, if that is what interests you, How the Rothschilds gained emi­ but it does not happen to be true. nence, and have kept it to this day, is a Neither is it true that Meyer Amschel phenomenon thattranscends business Rothschild was the secret power be­ acumen. Itis rooted in the virtuoso use hind the creation of the Illuminati in of the family and its umbratile con­ 1776. At that time Meyer was a strug­ nections as a means' of holding and gling thirty-two-year-old pawnbroker, extending power. It is also enshrined and while his descendants would in myth, mystery, and falsehood. move kings on and off thrones, Accounts of the Rothschild dynas­ and manipulate governments around ty begin with Meyer Amschel Roth­ the world, the founder of the House schild, who was born in 1743. Meyer of Rothschilds was spending his time was not, of course; created from during this period trying to keep Adam's rib. His progenitors are traced chicken in the family soup.. back six generations in Frankfurt, Meyer's big break came in 1801 Germany, to around 1550. Meyer's when William made him his financial father, Amschel Moses Bauer, was a agent after Rothschild had success­ small merchant who died of smallpox fully bribed the ~rince's business when his son was eleven. His dead manager by offering him a percent­ father had wanted him to become a age of the take. It was a bribe well rabbi, but Meyer preferred business. spent. In the following year, Meyer He obtained a clerkship in the Oppen­ fronted for William in the lending of heimer Bank in Hanover and as he ten million thalers to the prince's un­ learned he worked up to become aju­ cle, the King of Denmark.t William nior partner. Returning to Frankfurt did not want the king to know the with a small sum he had saved and source of the funds and used Roth­ considerable knowledge, he opened a schild as a conduit. This represents the small second-hand store and money­ lending business in the Jewish ghetto. •A landgrave was a German prince having terri­ torial jurisdiction. Meyer soon expanded his pawnshop to tMany historians believe that the use of the include the trading of old coins arid term dollar is a corruption of the old German spent part of his time travelling Eu- thaler.

14 AMERICAN OPINION Keystone Photos Conspiracy has been the hallmark of eight generations of Rothschilds as they and their associates have financed wars and revolutions since before-Water­ loo, including the Communist revolts of 1848 and 1871. The palace above, on Rue Lafitte, was built by Baron James (R.) and suffered no looting or damage while leaders of the Commune destroyed half of Paris. first Rothschild involvement in the manned by members of the family ­ business of bankrolling governments. luckily a large one - not by hired Two other factors made possible hands. (To this day, only Rothschilds the creation of the House of Roth­ are partners or owners of the great schild. First, Meyer produced five Rothschild banks.) When Schonche, sons; second, he was in exactly the the eldest daughter, married, her hus­ right business to make a vast fortune band was not employed in the busi­ out of the Napoleonic wars. But had ness; but when Amschel wed a year Rothschild not produced those sons he later, his wife promptly received a probably would have died unremem­ position. (To this day the female line bered. The family's admiring biogra­ is as rigidly kept out of Rothschild pher, Frederick Morton, writes in his affairs as the male line is included.) book, The Rothschilds: Meyer also began a system of secret bookkeeping in addition to the offi­ Old Meyer now gave this new force cial one. (Today Rothschild business formal status. In 1800 he entered into is "secret" to the extent that it con­ a partnership with his two eldest sists, despite its immense size, of pri­ sons. He established rules which be­ vate partnerships which need publish came pillars of a dynastic constitu­ no balance sheets or other informa­ tion. All key posts in the firm were tion.)

APRIL,1976 15 During the Napoleonic wars, Wil­ liam of Hesse was forced to flee from the oncoming French legions. Part of his assets were left in the care of Meyer Rothschild. One of Meyer's sons, Nathan, had previously been dispatched to England to establish the family's first international branch. Prince William's assets were smug­ gled out of Germany to Nathan in England, who proceeded to parlay them into millions. The famil y was thus able eventually to return Wil­ liam's assets to him with five percent interest. The wealthy German never knew that he had provided the capital for launching a fortune that would be rivaled in modern times only by that of the Rockefellers. From England, Nathan smuggled desperately needed foodstuffs past Napoleon's navy to a starving Europe at fabulous profits. These profits en­ abled Nathan to specialize. Morton Titular head of the Rothschilds is writes: "T hrough him the Rothschilds Baron Guy (above). Baron Edmond, stopped buying and selling goods, wealthiest of the family, is on the Bil­ even profitable contraband. Through derberger Steering Committee, has him they switched to the ultimate moved into U.S. banking, and is the commodity. From 1810 on, and to this likely successor. Says Guy:"We will very hour, the family would buy and change ... but will still dominate." sell money only." * Nathan's next coup involved using his extensive smuggling system to help England get funds to Welling­ ton , who was fighting Napoleon on the continent. He became, in effect, His Majesty's chief broker and pay­ master to England's most important army. At this point, Nathan's younger brother James enters the pic­ ture. He established an office in 'Morton is being somewhat hyperbolic here . The famil y has long appreciated the leverage involved in controlling natural resources . The quotation "Let me control a nation's currenc y, and I care not who makes its laws," is attrib­ uted over and over to Meyer Amschel Roth­ schild. However no primary source is ever cited. While the remark is probably apocry­ phal, the famil y has certainly appreciated this concept for seven generations.

16 AMERICAN OPINION . Rothschild Banking Empire The Naples branch was discontinued in 1861, the Frankfurt branch in 1901, and the Vienna branch with the coming of World War II.

Meyer Amschel English Branch 1743-1812 French Branch T I /<-" I Nathan Jacob 1777-1836 (James) 1792-1868 I T Lionel I I 1808-1879 Alphonse Edmond Gustave 1827-1905 1845-1934 1829-1911 . T I I Leopold Nathaniel r r 1845-1917 1840-1915 Edouard Maurice Robert T 1869-1949 1881-1957 1880-1946 I I Lionel Anthony Nathaniel 1 1 1882-1942 1887-1961 1877- 1923 Baron Baron Guy Edmond 1 1 1909- 1926- Cie.du Nor d Cie. Hncnciere Evelyn Victor, (Imetol, Peno- Banque Lord rroy o, Mokt a ) Bonque Privee 1931- Banque Rothschild Bank of Ca lifornia Rothschild Rothschild Rothschild Bank Israel Euro. Co. Continuation 1910- A.G. Club Med iterra n;", N.M. Rothschild & Son , Rothschild Continuation T N.M. Rothschild ( & Son, David I I 1942- Baron Elie \ 1 Cie. du Nord Baron I I Jacob 1917- Alain Edmund Leopold PLM 1936- Cha tea u Lalite 1910- 1916- 1927- Rothschild Rothschild Rotbschild Continuation Continuation Cont inua tion N.M. Rothschild I N.M. Rothschild N.M. Rothschild & Son, & Son, & Sons Co lnaghi's Nathaniel Eric 1946- 1940- Bonque SAGA (Subs. 01 Rothschild Cie. du Nord.) Paris, from which he smuggled gold panic, Rothschild hirelings began sent from Nathan in England to Wel­ buying up the bonds at pence on the lington in Spain. By bribing key offi­ pound. It had, of course, been a cials, James was able to operate right ruse. Wellington, not Napoleon, had under the nose of Napoleon without emerged victorious at Waterloo and being arrested as a spy . the British government was in fine Wellington was also the key to an ­ financial shape. The day's business other major Rothschild coup. Accord­ had also put the Rothschilds in fine ing to Morton, "The Battl e of Water­ financial shape. That engineered loo established England as the fore ­ panic of June 1815 made Nathan the most European power. To the Roth­ wealthiest man in England. schilds, her chief financial agents, Meyer had Waterloo brought a multimillion­ died in 1812. At that time only two of dollar scoop." Legends abound con­ his five sons had established banks cerning what happened. One version abroad. (N athan in England and has it that Nathan was himself on the James in .) Meyer Amschel field at Waterloo to view the battle at took over his father's establishment firsthand and rode on horseback all in Frankfurt. He sent his brother night to catch a boat and arrive early Solomon to open offices in Vienna in at the London stock exchange. This 1816, and his brother Karl to Naples in would have .required an athlete the 1821. The family was now operating caliber of an Olympic decathlon in the principal business capitals .of champ, and Nathan was strictly a Western Europe. From this position dumpling. Another version had him they could manipulate kings and receiving advance word via carrier prime ministers to the advantage of pigeon. In later years the Rothschilds the Family Rothschild. For it was the did develop the use of carrier pigeons family and its conspiracies which to give them the fastest communica­ came first, not the country in which tions system in Europe, but the less they happened to reside. Residence romantic fact is that Nathan Roth­ was only a business decision. So was schild had an agent at Dunkirk, who marriage. According to the Jewish secured the first newspaper account Encyclopedia: "Of 58 marriages con­ in the Brussels Gazette hot off the tracted by the descendants of Meyer press, risked passage over roughseas, Amschel Rothschild [to 1905] no less and reported the news to Nathan who than 29, or exactly one-half, have had never left London. been between first cousins." Betty Nathan Rothschild had the news Rothschild, daughter of Solomon, ac ­ of Wellington's triumph hours in ad ­ tually married her uncle, Baron vance of the British government or James of Paris, while Anselm Roth­ anyone else in merry old England. He schild married his niece, the daughter kept the news to himself, went to the of Nathaniel. stock exchange wearing a long face, As we have seen, the family be­ and immediately began selling British came fabulously wealthy early in the government bonds. This was inter­ Nineteenth Century. Nobody knows preted by others at the exchange to exactly how rich the Rothschilds were mean that Rothschild had advance or how to interpret this in today's word that Wellington had lost at terms, but Frederick Morton says: Waterloo. Soon panic hitthe exchange "T he total wealth encompassed by the and the government's bonds fell lower clan during most of the nineteenth than a mole's nose. In the midst ofthe century has been estimated at well

APRIL,1976 19 over 400 milli on pounds (6,000 million war and peace profiteers." And their dollars). No one else, from the Fug­ conspirac ies reached into every capi­ gers to the Rockefellers, has come tal of Europe. even close to that hair-raising figure." The House of Rothschild con­ The primary business of the spired at and financed wars and rev­ Rothschilds was nowlending money to olutions throughout the Nineteenth the various governments of Europe. Century. No sovereign dared alienate According to Morton: "Someone once them for fear that his coun try would said that the wealth of the Roth­ soon be involved in a bloody conflict. schilds consists of the bankruptcy of Lord Byron, him self a conspirator of nations. There is more to it than that, considerable note, put it this way: of course ." Indeed. The Rothschilds " Every loan . .. seats a Nation or became court banker to almost every upsets a Throne." The history of the king, prince, prime minister, and Rothschilds is the history of many a wealthy noble in Europe. They not revolution and many a Waterloo. only loaned money to heads of state, Among the ploys of the clan was to they often handled their private in­ bankroll both sides of the same con­ vestments too. And nobody even whis­ flict. This they did in the American pered about conflict of interest. Civil War, in which both the Union Count Egon Corti reports in The and the Confederacy were in part Reign Of The House Of Rothschild clothed and equipped from the of­ that the family was " exceedingly fices of Rothschild banks. clever at making governments feel The motives behind Rothschild under an obligation to them, and had participation in the American Civil a genius for striking while the iron War are still fraught with contro­ was hot. They sometimes made it versy. In Europe it was possible to ar ­ practically morally impossible for a range for the winner of a war to make government to refuse their requests, certain the loser paid his debts. That and not to give them the monopoly of was not possible in America since the banking business." Rothschilds would have no other army Some writers have claimed that the at their beck and call to force the pay­ Rothschilds actually owned the cen­ off. It has been speculated that their tral banks of England and Europe. goal in the American Civil War was to We can find no evidence of .this, al­ fragment the United States into a though such banks were privately number of different countries so owned at the time. The point is that that the family could playoff one the Rothschilds were bigger than the against the other as they had done so central banks, and many Rothschilds successfully in Europe. have sat on the boards of directors of It has been theorized that another the central banks over the last two reason for Rothschild interest in our centuries. My guess is that writers Civil War was the fact that at the who have claimed the Rothschilds beginning of the conflict Abraham owned the central banking systems Lincoln resorted to the printing press were wrong only technically. Within to finance the war rather than go their hands lay .the power to force a more heavily into debt to foreign peace or send soldiers marching off to money merchants. This was done by war. As Joseph Wechsberg observes in the printing of "U.S. Notes," more The Merchant Bankers: "T hey fi­ commonly known as greenbacks. nanced the Napoleonic Wars and later These were fiat money backed by financed the peace; they were both (Continued on page seventy-seven.)

20 AMERICAN OPINION , From page .twenty . mate association with James involved the renewal of an old acquaintance­ .ROTHSCHILDS ' ship. It was Heine, a frequent recipi­ nothing and'their value quickly plum/, ent of Rothschild largess, who wrote: meted/Of course, using greenbacks "Would it not be a great blessing for was highly inflationary, but probably the world if all the kings were dis­ preferable under the circumstances missed and the put to indenturing the nation to"thesons on their thrones?" He saw the five of Meyer Amschel Rotlls'child and brothers as great revolutionaries. In other European conspirators, his biography of Heine, Hugo Bieber \One of the most intriguing aspects provides us with this extensive inter­ of the House of R6thschild has been pretation of the role of the Roth­ its ability to retaih its position regard­ schilds in the World Revolutionary less of who is in power, be it an old­ Movement: fashioned monarch or a radical re­ "Here I would only take time to publican. All politicians, it seems, remark that our German preachers of need funds - regardless of their ide­ freedom are as unjust as they are ology. The Rothschilds have many al­ foolish when they attack the house of liances. Students of secret societies Rothschild with so much intensity know that such movements have and bloodthirstiness because of its long been active behind the political political significance, because of its scenes in the world's great capitals. effect upon the interests of the Revo­ English historian Nesta Webster, per­ lution, in a word, because of its public haps the most careful and scholarly character. There are no stronger pro­ of those who have studied the rise, moters of the revolution than these development, and power of secret so­ same Rothschilds ... and what may cieties, has very little to say concern­ sound even stranger: these Roth­ ing the Rothschilds. This does not schilds, the bankers of kings, the mean that they have been free of the princely money-baggers whose very taint of conspiratorial radicalism. existence would be most gravely im­ They have certainly been among the periled by an overthrow of the Euro­ Insiders of the World Revolutionary pean system of states, nevertheless Movement, but their dealings are bear in their nature the consciousness heavily shrouded in secrecy. of their revolutionary mission. Many believe that the Rothschilds "Specifically, this is the case of were clandestinely at the heart of vir­ the man who is known under the unas­ tually all important conspiratorial suming name of Baron James, and in political activity in Nineteenth Cen­ whom the entire political importance tury Europe. This is possible, perhaps of the house of Rothschilds is now even probable, but the documents are subsumed after the death of his illus­ simply not there to prove it. trious brother from England. This There is circumstantial evidence. Nero of finance, who has built his One of James Rothschild's closest golden palace in the Rue Lafitte, friends, for example, was the Ger­ when he rules the Exchanges as un­ man-born Communist poet, Heinrich limited Imperator, like his sometime Heine, who moved to Paris prior to the predecessor the Roman Nero, will in Revolution of 1848. Heine's father the end be the violent destroyer of the had known the Rothschilds, having privileged patriciate and the founder been constantly engaged in financial of the new democracy. Once, several matters with them, so Heine's inti- years ago, when he was in a good mood

APRIL,1976 77 and we were walking arm in arm quite mob, however, formed its own repub­ familionaire, as Hirsch Hyacinth lican government in opposition to the would say, and were gadding about Rothschild combine and the latter the streets of Paris, Baron James ex­ had to consent to a sort of amalgama­ plained to me quite clearly how he tion with the hostile elements. Goud­ himself had fulfilled the first pre ­ cheaux was forced to resign and requisite and pioneered the road for J ames Rothschild was left in a very social advance everywhere by his sys­ awkward position; the revolutionary tem of government bonds. mob knew that he ha d been the inti­ "I see in Rothschild one of the mate advisor of Louis Philippe and greatest revolutionaries who have that he always seemed ready to back founded modern democracy. Riche­ both sides of any powerful cause. lieu, Robespierre and Rothschild are James was made to pay heavily for his for me three terrifying names, and personal safety and his Suresnes villa they connote the gradual destruction was pillaged. The new Finance Minis­ of the old aristocracy. Richelieu, · ter, Ledru-Rollin, extorted money Robespierre and Rothschild are the from James by threatening to turn three most fearful levellers in Europe." loose the mob. According to Heine, James Roth­ But, like cats, the Rothschilds al­ schild "was the first to perceive the ways seem to land on their feet. In the worth of [Adolph] Cremieux, who be­ three days of street fighting in June came his advocate." It was James of 1848, Louis Eugene Cavaignac Rothschild who first brought the rev­ emerged victorious. He immediately olutionary Cremieux into promi­ assumed dictatorial powers and was nence. Adolph Cremieux was a leader nominated president of the council in precipitating the Communist revo­ of ministers by the National Assem­ lution of 1848. He was also a member bly. Freely using large sums of mon­ of the subversive Grand Orient Lodge ey, James Rothschild ingratiated him­ who rose to become a member of the self with the new power in France and Supreme Council of that terrible con­ was quickly as much at home with spiratorial organization by 1869. Cavaignac as he had been with Louis James Rothschild was probably Philippe. It was soon said that he was himself an important Illuminist. He as good a republican as he had been a apparently became a Cremieux back­ monarchist. er expecting to control the revolution­ The French Workers Party claimed aries through him. But he had not him as their own. The editor of the reckoned with the strength of the Tocsin des Travailleurs wrote: "You mob; which, having some genuine are a wonder, sir! In spite of his. grievances against the old regime of legal majority Louis Philippe has fal­ Louis Philippe, who was also under len, Guizot has disappeared, the con­ Rothschild control, refused to accept stitutional monarchy and parliamen­ the provisional government which the tary methods have gone by the board; Grand Orient had formed · and in you, however, are unmoved! . .. which Cremieux, himself, was Minis­ Where are Arago and Lamartine? ter for Justice. They are finished but you have sur­ The Minister of Finance in this vived. The banking princes are going provisional government, Goudcheaux, into liquidation and their offices are was another friend of Rothschild's, closed . The great captains of industry and attempted to protect James's and the railway companies totter. property during the changeover. The Shareholders, merchants" manufac-

78 AMERICAN OPINION turers, and bankers are ruined en through the Revolution. Throughout masse; big men and little men are the fighting, looting, and burning, the alike overwhelmed; you alone among Rothschild home and its priceless pos­ these ruins remain unaffected. Al­ sessions remained untouched. As al­ though your House felt the first vio­ ways before, the House of Rothschild lence of the shock in Paris, although emerged from the hazards of the the effects of Revolution pursue you Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) and from Naples to Vienna and Berlin, the Paris Commune (1871) finan­ you remain unmoved in the face of a cially unshaken and still the undis­ movement that has affected the puted masters of Europe. Their overt whole of Europe. Wealth fades away, allegiance now flowed from the mon­ glory is humbled, and dominion is archy to the Third Republic. broken, but ... the monarch of our Naturally, there have been those at time, has held his throne . .. ." the ideological level of the World Rev­ The Rothschild family also helped olutionary Movement who have re­ finance the ten-week Paris Commune sented the authority of high finance of 1871·- the first formally Commu­ over what was supposed to be a peo­ nist government in Europe. All church ple's movement. The anarchist Ba­ property was confiscated and the kunin, who was a close associate of churches were plundered. Advances Marx in founding the First Interna­ of several millions of francs were se­ tional, was disgusted by revolution­ cured from the banks and wealthy in­ aries fronting for international bank­ dividuals still in Paris. The Arch­ ers and wrote sneeringly of those bishop of Paris and a number of "with one foot in the bank and the priests, together with other prominent other in the Socialist movement." persons, were arrested by the Com­ But, whatever role the Rothschilds mune and sent to Mazas as security · may have 'played in the Bolshevik for the safety of the National Revolution that soon took Russia has Guardsmen captured by troops loyal been well hidden. Contemporaries re­ to Versailles under Louis Adolphe ported that, in Vienna, Trotsky "used Thiers. The Archibishop and the other to play chess with BaronRothschild in prisoners were ultimately shot. On ·Cafe Central," but there is little May twentieth the Commune resolved more. to drench all ' public buildings and If the Rothschilds were involved in whole districts of the city with petro­ bankrolling the Bolsheviks, as they leum and set them on fire. The Tuile­ had the revolutionaries of 1848 and ries, Palais-Royal, Ministry of Fi­ 1871, they were careful to do it nance, Ministry ' of Justice, police . ·through agents and allies. The three headquarters, the City Hall, the the- . international bankers most promi­ atres, and entire districts were burned nently linked with the overthrow of

-t-t- half of all Paris lay in ashes. Near­ the Tsar and the later enthroning of ly twice as many people were killed in Lenin were Jacob Schiff, Max War­ one week as died during the three burg, and J.P. Morgan. All had -how­ years of the French Revolution's ever, been closely tied to the House of Terror. Rothschild. Alphonse Rothschild, the son of Schiff was born in Germany and James (who had died in 1868), with­ emigrated to America where he be­ drew with the Government .to Ver­ came the senior partner in the impor­ sailles and took a room in the tant Wall Street investment firm of des Reservoirs where 'he lived safely Kuhn, Loeb & Company. Stephen

APRIL,1976 79 Birmingham reports in Our Crowd Between the States and arranging to that: "In the eighteenth century, the finance it. Schiffs and Rothschilds shared a Some authors have maintained double house in Frankfurt. Schiff that the Rothschilds were anxious for reportedly bought his partnership in a Kerensky overthrow of the Tsar, Kuhn-Loeb with Rothschild money. whose family they had hated for His father had been one of Roth­ many decades, but that they did not schild's brokers in Frankfurt." favor the establishment of the Bol­ The family had also long sheviks. The London Rothschilds been associated with the Rothschilds. bought a million rubles' worth of Ke­ In his recently published biography, rensky's bonds. Yet, an agent of the The Warburgs, David Farrer says: English Rothschilds, Lord Alfred "The withdrawal of the French [from Milner, was reported by the White Germany] in 1814 afforded new op­ Russian military intelligence to have portunities for the recently formed been in Petrograd at the birth of the House of Warburg, and the key that Bolshevik Revolution serving as a opened the door to advancement was paymaster transferring substantial called Rothschild." In The Merchant funds to the Reds. Bankers, Joseph Wechsberg notes: One indication that the Roth­ "The Warburgs and the Rothschilds schilds may have known that the Bol­ had a long-standing family agree­ shevik Revolution was being brewed, ment concerning the exchange of and. it is inconceivable that they did their young men as trainees." Paul not, is the fact that their Paris house Warburg, who had been trained by the unloaded its interests in the fabulous­ Rothschilds, came to America at the ly rich Baku oilfields to Shell in 1913. turn of the century and was more re­ At that time Russian oil was flooding sponsible than any single person for Western Europe, breaking Standard's the creation of the Federal Reserve stranglehold on the petroleum mar- System, our central bank. He became . keto No reason has been given as to a director of the Federal Reserve and why the Rothschilds would have been helped finance World War I from willing to part with so incredibly valu­ America while his brother Max held able a property unless, as even friend­ an almost identical position in Ger­ ly sources more than hint, the House many. Both brothers attended the of Rothschild smelled revolution in Versailles Peace Conference as repre­ the wind. sentatives of "their" countries. It was Still, interesting as oil has become, Max who transferred large sums of gold is the commodity which has been money to the Bolsheviks through the traditionally associated with the Roth­ Nye Banken in Sweden. schilds. In the early 1800s they began J .P. Morgan and Company, estab­ by smuggling other people's gold. La­ lished by Antony Sutton in his book ter they became involved in lending Wall Street And The Bolshevik Revo­ their own gold and gold-backed cur­ lution to have been deeply involved in rencies. The family name was syn­ providing funds to the Russian revo­ onymous with the gold standard. lutionaries, had for many years been Professor Carroll Quigley tells us in closely tied to the English Roth­ Tragedy And Hope that the ploy of schilds. The House of Morgan had the international banking fraternity worked closely with , in the Nineteenth Century was to pro­ the Rothschilds' official American mote inflation during wartime in agent, in helping to bring on the War which the bankers would lend cheap

APRIL, 1976 81 currency to the warring parties and supposed free market in gold. Per­ then, after the war, put governments haps you had wondered why move­ back on .a strict gold standard like a ment of the price of gold seems to dieter who has been on a Christmas defy all logic. Now you know . binge. Thus the Rothschilds would And you can also begin to under­ lend cheap money and be repaid in stand why the Rothschilds were :long gold-backed currency of increased champions of the gold standard. value. From time to time they would create Not surprisingly, since the family panics by shifting gold reserves dealt in gold, it becameinterested in around from country to country. But, its production. ·The English Roth­ as communications and public sophis­ schilds made their move in the late tication improved, a new game had to Nineteenth Century through a man be invented. Under normal conditions named Cecil Rhodes, who fronted for the price of gold varied very little. Big them in Southern Africa. According money can only be made when the to Professor Quigley: "With finan­ price is going up and down. So the cial support from Lord Rothschild friendly Rothschild brothers began and Alfred Beit, he [Rhodes] was able promoting the fame of paper versus to monopolize the diamond mines of gold. In Communist parlance, this is South Africa as DeBeers Consoli­ dialectics: thesis and antithesis. dated Mines and to build up a great Through their support of the Fa­ gold mining enterprise as Consoli­ bian Socialist London School of Eco­ dated Gold Fields." Today the Roth­ nomics, the Rothschilds joined the schilds still control these and many Rockefellers and other banking Insid­ other mines through their Anglo­ ers in popularizing the theories of American Corporation. Harry Oppen­ John Maynard Keynes, who advo­ heimer runs the Rothschild empire in cated replacing a gold-backed cur­ South Africa, the world's largest gold rency with a paper currency which producer, and manipulates the situa­ could be expanded and contracted at tion for his bosses back in London. will. In practice, the currency is most­ And it is back in London, at the ly expanded, but slowing the expan­ home office, where the price of gold sion rate has the effect of creating is set. The Rothschilds remain, as they panic. Now we have the perpetual war have been for decades, the official between paper currencies and gold, gold broker.to the Bank of England. with one being in the driver's seat The firm of N.M. Rothschild & Sons for a time and then the other. This is the only bank on earth with its own results in periodic - and highly prof­ Gold Fixing Room. At ten-thirty in itable - gyrating of the market. the morning on each banking day, Whenever the dollar, pound, franc, five men meet in the Rothschild offi­ and deutschmark begin changing ces to set. the day's price for gold. values with respect to each other, peo­ They represent the firms of N .M. ple whisper of the mysterious Rothschild & Sons, Samuel Montagu, "Gnomes of Zurich." The poor Mocatta & Goldsmid, Johnson-Mat­ gnomes take a terrible drubbing. They they, and Sharps-Pixley. make a convenient scapegoat for the At the daily ritual the Rothschilds team of R & R- Rothschild and .not only represent themselves, but the Rockefeller. Bank of England. In this capacity Today, the original five centers of they buy and sell gold for the central Rothschild power have shrunk to two. banks of the world. So much for the The Naples house closed down in

APRIL, 1976 83 1861, when Karl moved to Paris to es­ Switzerland, and the United States. cape the political chaos in Italy. The Although recently it has been admit­ Frankfurt branch had died out earlier ted that they are becoming finan­ when the younger Meyer Amschel was cially aggressive, much has appeared unable to produce male offspring. in the financial press touting the sup­ The Vienna family was forced out by position that the Rothschilds are not World War II and the aging, sonless as rich and powerful as they used to Baron Eugene wound up on Long Is­ be. How much truth there is to these land rather than re-establish the Aus­ assertions only the Rothschilds know trian banking house. The Paris and for sure. And they are not telling. London branches carryon the family It is true that the workaholic fer­ tradition. vor which characterized earlier gener­ With today's modern communica­ ations has not been present in some tions it is no longer necessary to have of the later offspring. After all, it a separate operation in each of the takes a lot of motivation to keep the world's leading capitals. The rise of nose of someone born with a $150 mil­ the multinational corporation has lion estate - the estimated worth of a made it common for firms to operate Rothschild at birth - to even the subsidiary offices in foreign coun­ most glamorous grindstone. Inevita­ tries. Also, through the decades, Roth­ bly some of the clan chose to become schild daughters have married into playboys, taxidermists, scientists, many other international banking college professors, or to pursue other : families, including those of War­ non-banking professions. But, just as burg, Montefiore, Worms, Samuels, with the Rockefellers, they have man­ Franklin, Goldsmid, Sassoon, and aged to produce at least one brilliant others. To what degree the Roth­ banker in each generation, and the schilds operate through their relatives Rothschilds are not lacking in progeny by marriage is anybody's guess. capable of carrying forward the fam­ Certainly the family learned long ily tradition. ago that it is betterto operate through It is sometimes claimed that the others wherever potential danger is in­ Rothschilds have been victims of the volved. The use of fronts does not call egalitarian fervor and strangling attention to the family. Notoriety taxes which have served as great lev­ only increases suspicion, hostility, elers in the Twentieth Century. On and envy among the people (or, de­ the surface, this seems quite plausi­ pending upon how you look at it, the ble. And there is no doubt that the victims). Morton tells us that "There Rothschilds have paid lots of taxes are whole families that have been on of all types, especially death taxes on the Rothschild payroll for over a cen­ estates. The family has unloaded tury." One has to wonder how many many of its white-elephant man­ of these were also on government pay­ sions. * But there is something here rolls. Remember, Meyer Amschel be­ which does not quite wash . gan the by making the Prince Nobody has ever accused the Roth­ of Hesse's financial advisor a silent schilds of hiding behind the door partner in the business. when the brains were passed out, nor The eighth generation of descen­ has the family ever been known to ig- dants of Meyer Amschel Rothschild ."One was turned over to the Soviets to serve as continue the family tradition today. . a consulate, another became N.A.T.O. head­ The family is comprised of seventy quarters in France, and another became the members living in England, France, home of the American Ambassador to France.

APRIL,1976 85 nore self interest in favor of patriotic last century. "Our rapprochment," sacrifice. Neck deep in Europe's po­ says Edmond, "will give us first op­ litical conspiracies, the family has tion to participate in each other's never been an enemy of the Socialist investments" - thereby increasing movements which put into effect the the family's leverage in the world of confiscatory tax system now en­ business, finance, and political throned in England and France. The power. Rothschilds have in fact regularly Both branches of the family have conspired with revolutionaries, pro­ their own Swiss banks. Business moting State Socialism and managing Week reports: "The difficulties of to profit from it, just as have the unscrambling rivalries and fitting all Rockefellers in America. the Rothschild components back to­ Since the Rothschild businesses gether again are perhaps best illus­ have always been multinational, it trated in Switzerland, where Ed­ strains credulity to believe that for mond owns the Banque Privee in Ge­ at least the past fifty years they have neva and its subsidiary Banca Privata not been diverting much of their over­ in Lugano. Competing across the seas profits into friendly tax havens mountains in Zurich is Rothschild like Switzerland and Liechtenstein Bank AG, controlled by Guy in league rather than repatriate them to En­ with his London cousins and with two gland or France for the benefit of the correspondent banks. The Zurich tax collector. One may safely assume bank specializes in asset management that the bulk of Rothschild wealth is - portfolios of 1 million Swiss today someplace where the people like francs (about $350,000) and up - for to yodel. Anyone who thinks use of international organizations. such havens beneath the dignity of "Efforts last year to merge Ed­ the Rothschild clan probably believes mond's two operations with Zurich in the sincerity of Richard Nixon or collapsed because Edmond was not that John Kennedy had a secret desire yet ready to sacrifice his identity. But to live in a monastery. the cousins agreed on a step-by-step The Rothschild now widely ac­ plan that will lead to a regrouping un­ claimed as the most wealthy member der the name of the Zurich bank in a of the clan is Baron Edmond, forty­ few years. For starters, Edmond sold nine, of the Paris branch of the fam­ shares in his two banks to Zurich. ily. According to Business Week of More important, he agreed to welcome January 12, 1976: "Considered a mav­ a Zurich-run money management erick who has long been estranged, at operation this year in Geneva - con­ least in business dealings, from his sidered until now to be Edmond's ter­ older cousin Guy, Geneva-based Ed­ ritory ...." mond has managed his own fortune Baron Edmond's older cousin Guy, with immense entrepreneurial flair sixty-seven, is chairman of the Paris and is by far the richest Rothschild Banque Rothschild, which has $1.5 alive today. By virtue of age, wealth, billion in assets. Like Edmond, Guy is and financial boldness, Edmond may a master conspirator who is deter­ eventually emerge in the post-Guy era mined to retain Rothschild suprem­ as the family's titular head." acy. Accordingly, he states: "We have Baron Edmond is eager once more inherited a position in the establish­ to merge the various branches of the ment that we must maintain. We will family into one coordinated group as be a part of all, but apart, distinct during the family's glory days of the and unique, unlike anyone else. We

APRIL,1976 87 will change, evolve, but will still dom­ sixty-thousand square miles in New­ inate." foundland and Labrador, with enor­ Baron Guy is described by Nation's mous resources in timber, minerals, Business as "a man who must be con­ and hydroelectric power. The area is sulted when truly big financial deals larger than England and Wales com­ are arranged in France. He is a master bined. at assembling the people and money And, the Rothschild boys are in­ needed for major transactions and he creasingly investing in the United has the same uncanny touch for busi­ States. In October 1969, the Rockefel­ ness that his progenitors had. His ler-controlled International Basic family's principal interests now are in Economy Corporation (I.B.E.C.) an­ numerous lines in addition to banking nounced that it had entered into an - investment trusts, mining, metal agreement with the London Roth­ plants, oil, chemicals and real estate." schilds jointly to set up and manage Across the channel the House of mutual funds for sale direct to the Rothschild is headed by Victor, age public throughout the world. It was sixty-six, the third Lord Rothschild. I.B.E.C., you may recall, which an­ Victor joined the Fabian Society while nounced in 1967 that it would be at Cambridge and is a member of En­ building tire and aluminum plants gland's (Socialist) Labor Party. The behind the Iron Curtain. Los Angeles Times of December 15, The move with Rockefeller has, 1970, quotes the Marxist multimillion­ however, suddenly taken on new di­ aire as stating: "We have come to mensions. The Wall Street Journal of associate with Conservative rule the March 13, 1974, announced that Bar­ following conditions: unemployment, on Edmond de Rothschild had bought undernourishment, unpreparedness, fifty thousand shares of BanCal Tri­ unpopularity abroad, unequal pay, State Corporation, holding company education and opportunities, unde­ of the Bank of California. By June, veloped resources and a lack of oppo­ the Rothschilds had acquired four sition to fascism." Lord Victor heads hundred thousand shares. This gave the banking firm of N.M. Rothschild them a twenty percent controlling in­ & Sons, started by his great, great terest in a bank with eighty-three grandfather Nathan. branches operating in California, Victor's nephew Leo, a partner in Oregon, and Washington, and with the London family bank, is also a overseas branches in Nassau, Tokyo, director of the Bank of England. Of London, and Manila. course, one is reluctant to raise the In September 1975, Rothschild In­ matter of conflict of interest if one tercontinental Bank Ltd. of London knows what is good for one. Besides merged with Amex International Ltd., owning much of South Africa's gold the London-based ­ and diamond fields, the English ing subsidiary of American Express Rothschilds are involved in arranging Company. multimillion-dollar mergers and take­ Societe Imetal, the French Roth­ overs, money raising for risk capital, schild holding company which con­ and operating several vast investment trols mineral-producing companies on trusts. every continent, moved into the The British and French Roth­ United States during the fall of 1975 schilds jointly control the British by acquisition of control in Copper­ Newfoundland Corporation. The weld Corporation of Glassport, Penn­ company owns exploratory rights to sylvania. The acquisition price was

APRIL,1976 89 $112 million. And Imetal now has im­ sovereignties appear more and more portant U.S. connections with Kaiser to be mere pawns in the game. What Aluminum, Atlas Steel, Bethlehem is certain is that the Rothschilds and Steel, Anaconda Aluminum, U.S. the Rockefellers continue to be al­ Borax, Inspiration Consolidated Cop­ lied in promoting the World Super­ per, Aetna Life and Casualty, Litton state. Industries, and Standard Oil of Cali­ The heart of the World Govern­ fornia. ment movement in the United States The Copperweld takeover was en­ is the Council on Foreign Relations, gineered by Kuhn, Loeb & Company usually referred to as theC.F.R It is (a firm associated with the Roth­ headed by David Rockefeller and is schilds since Jacob Schiff became a often referred to as our "invisible partner in it before the turn of the government" because its members century) and New Court Securities have long held the key positions in Corporation. New Court is the directly both Democrat and Republican Ad­ owned arm of the Rothschilds in the ministrations.* But one must remem­ American busi­ ber that the C.F .R, which is dis­ ness. Its name comes from the ad­ cussed in detail in the author's new dress of the original N .M . Rothschild book, The Rockefeller File, is an out­ & Sons, located at New Court in Lon­ growth of the London-based Royal don. According to Business Week , Institute for International Affairs New Court is run for the Rothschilds (RLLA.). In Tragedy And Hope, Pro­ by Dutch-born Peter Fleck, an opera­ fessor Carroll Quigley details how a tor who invests not only in American "secret society" (the term is Quig­ stocks but has put the Rothschilds ley's) called the Round Table created "into perhaps 70 the Royal Institute as a public arm of deals" in the United States. a conspiracy to establish a World Another American connection of Government. The man behind the the French Rothschilds is the invest­ Round Table was Lord Rothschild, ment banking firm of Lazard Freres, and his chief lieutenant was Lord Al­ One of their partners, Felix Rohatyn, fred Milner, whom we have previous­ is running the Big Mac bailout pro­ ly mentioned as having arranged gram for . With the funding for the Petrograd Soviet heat on Standard Oil, Chase Manhat­ during the Bolshevik Revolution. tan, and Citicorp, are the Rothschilds Today, in addition to the Council moving in on Rockefeller territory? It. on Foreign Relations, the Rothschild­ is possible that is just what is happen­ founded RLLA. officially lists the ing. But there are also areas of active following secretive organizations as cooperation where they are working part of its network. together for a World Government un­ British Commonwealth: the Aus­ der their own domination. tralian Institute of International Which of these Insider families is Affairs; Canadian Institute of Inter­ running the show, we don 't pretend to national Affairs ; Ceylon Institute of know. Nor is there any wayan outsider World Affairs; Guyana Institute of is ever going to find out. The Roth­ International. Affairs; Indian Coun­ schilds and the Rockefellers seem at cil of World Affairs; New Zealand once to cooperate and to engage in tough competition but always on the "The Rothschilds' chief Ameri can representa­ Inside: It is an arrangement of ever tive , Peter Fleck, is a member of the Rockefel­ greater secrecy in which national lers' C.F.R.

APRIL,1976 91 Institute of International Affairs; Relations, Moscow; and, the Institute Nigerian Institute of International of International Politics and Eco­ Affairs; Singapore Institute of In­ nomics, Belgrade. ternational Affairs; and, Trinidad The Insider organization which and Tobago Institute of International meets periodically with representa­ Affairs . tives of the Atlantic groups above to European Community: the Centre coordinate their foreign policies and d'Etude des Relations Internation­ to further plans for the Great Merg­ ales, Paris; Centre d'Etudes de Poli­ er is called the Bilderbergers. The tique Etrangere, Paris; Deutsche Ge­ name comes from the hotel where sellschaft fiir Ausuidrtige Poltick Ev, Insiders of the network we have cited Bonn; Institut Royal des Relations held its first meeting after World Internationales, Brussels; Istituto War II. Fronting the creation of the Affari Internazionali, Rome; Neder­ Bilderbergers was Prince Bernhard landsch Genootschap Voor Interna­ of The Netherlands, the man recent­ tionale Zaken, The Hague; and, Det ly accused of pocketing a million­ Udenrigspolitiske Selskab, Copen­ dollar "contribution" from Lock­ hagen. heed. Sitting on the Steering Com­ Formal affiliates of this Roth­ mittee of the Bilderbergs is Baron schild-founded World Government Edmond Rothschild. operation also include: Atlantic Insti­ The Baron is also active in the Pan tute For International Affairs, Paris; Europa movement which envisions a Osterreichische Gesellschaft fiir Aus­ united Europe from the "Atlantic to senpolitik und Internationale Bezie­ the Urals."* The Urals, of course, are hungen, Vienna; Institut za vunshna in the middle of Russia. Edmond's politika "Ivan Bashev," Sofia; The sympathies for a "united Europe" are Chinese People's Institute of Foreign clear. Nation's Business of March Affairs, Peking; Magyar Kiiliigyi In­ 1972 quotes him concerning the crea­ tezet, Budapest; Institute for In­ tion of a European currency to re­ ternational Political and Economic' place the various national currencies. Studies, Tehran; Norwegian Institute Read whaf the Baron Edmond has to of International Affairs, Oslo; Pak­ say and consider the implications for istan Institute of International Af­ yourself: fairs, Karachi; Polish Institute of In­ "There will be a Euro currency, but ternational Affairs, Warsaw; L 'As­ I don't know if it will come in 10 years. sociation de Droit International et de Making a time guess would be loose Relations Internationales de la Re­ talk. One currency in Europe will be a publique Socialiste de Roumanie, result of unification politically. The Bucharest; and, of course, the South currency will not precede unifica­ African Institute ' of International tion. The point now is how fast Euro­ Affairs, Johannesburg. Also the Ut­ pean unification is going. Integration rikespolitiska Institutet, Stockholm; is taking place in little ways every day; the Graduate Institute of Interna­ there are few setbacks . . .. This is tional Studies, Geneva; Institute revolutionary . ..." of World Economy and International Yes, those uncommonly rich Roth­ schilds do bear watching. They are . "This phrase was usedby Charles de Gaulle, right in the middle - on the inside ­ whose Left-hand man Georges Pompidou, the late Premier of France, went into the Govern­ of a world coup. First, regional world ment directly from the employ of the Roth­ government. Then the Great Merger to schild bank. bring on the New World Order. ••

92 AMERICAN OPINION