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Systematic Status of the Cichlid Fishes Cichlasoma Dorsatum, C. Granadense and C. Nigritum Meek

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Systematic Status of the Cichlid Fishes Cichlasoma Dorsatum, C. Granadense and C. Nigritum Meek University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes Papers in the Biological Sciences 1976 Systematic Status of the Cichlid Fishes Cichlasoma dorsatum, C. granadense and C. nigritum Meek Jaime Villa Cornell University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ichthynicar Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Villa, Jaime, "Systematic Status of the Cichlid Fishes Cichlasoma dorsatum, C. granadense and C. nigritum Meek" (1976). Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes. 26. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ichthynicar/26 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ICHTHYOFAUNA OF NICARAGUAN LAKES, ed. Thomas B. Thorson (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1976). Copyright © 1976 School of Life Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Systematic Status of the Cichlid Fishes Cichlasoma dorsatum, C. granadense and C. nigritum Meek JAIME VILLA In his Synopsis of the Fishes of the Great Lakes of C. erythraeum (See Fig. 2B and Gunther, 1869, PI. 75, Fig. 2). Nicaragua, Meek (1907) described 3 new cichlid fishes, This condition is clearly intermediate between C. labiatum Cichlasoma dorsatum, C. granadense and C. nigritum. The de­ and C. citrinellum. scriptions appeared after the two major revisions of the The variation in the Cichlasoma citrinellum-erythraeum­ genus Cichlasoma (Pellegrin, 1904; Regan, 1905), which labiatum-lobochilus complex, in color, body shape, lip and perhaps explains why they have since been ignored. tooth development, etc., is overwhelming, and it is possible In his Supplement to the Pisces section of Biologia to recognize many different "species" by artificially combin­ Centrali-Americana, Regan (1908) included these species ing several variables (Fig. 3). Astorqui (1972a), however, on the basis of the published descriptions, and briefly noted recognized only 2 species in the complex, an interpretation similarities with other chichlids. Fowler (1923) compared C. with which I tentatively concur. These are Cichlasoma granadense with his C. bouchellei. Except for the inclusion in a labiatum, characterized by having broad, thick lips, and C. few faunal lists (e.g., Jordan et al., 1930), the species have citrinellum, with lips of "normal" or reduced size. In addi­ not been referred to again. In his review of the fishes of the tion, Astorqui found proportional differences, but when great lakes of Nicaragua, Astorqui (l972a) excluded these larger samples from different localities are studied, these species altogether. This was pointed out in a review of tend to overlap (Tables 2, 4). It is questionable if both Astorqui's monograph (Villa, 1972), to which he replied sp~ies are valid, but since it is usually possible to separate that "C. dorsatum, C. nigritum and C. granadense were not even small specimens (larger than 65 mm SL) on the basis included in any synonymy as it was impossible with the of the)ip condition (the development of which is ontogene­ scarce data supplied by Meek" (Astorqui, 1972b). tic and perhaps also sex-related), and since there seem to be Through the courtesy of Loren P. Woods, Field Museum certain behavioral differences between them (Barlow, in of Natural History (FMNH), I examined the entire lilt.) it seems premature to consider them identical. hypodigm of the 3 nominal species, consisting of 15 speci­ On the basis of fin-ray counts, scales and gill rakers (Ta­ mens in excellent condition. Comparative material was bles 1, 3), it is not possible to separate C. dorsatum from the loaned by C. E. Dawson, Gulf Coast Research Laborat6ry nominal species C. citrinellum, C. erythraeum, C. labiatum, and (GCRL) andJames E. Bohlke, Academy of Natural Sciences C. lobochilus. Measurements and proportions (Tables 2, 4) of of Philadelphia (ANSP). P. H. Greenwood, British Museum C. dorsatum generally overlap with those of the 3 above­ of Natural History (BMNH) kindly provided data and il­ mentioned species, although in some cases the mean values lustrations of the types of Cichlasoma citrinellum, C. eryth­ may be slightly different in the studied samples. I can find raeum, C. lab iatu m, C. lobochilus and C. maculicauda. William no differences, other than those due to age (size) and indi­ A. Bussing, U niversidad de Costa Rica, Museo de Zoologia vidual variation, to separate C. dorsatum from the nominal (UCR) did the same for specimens of C. maculicauda from species cited above. Between C. labiatum and C. citrinellum Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Specimens in my personal collec­ (the 2 oldest names in the group) I would assign C. dorsatum tion OV) were examined but few of their data are presented to the synonymy orc. labiatum solely on the basis of having herein as the collections were largely destroyed by the De­ broad, thick lips. On the same basis, C. erythaeum may be cember, 1972 Nicaraguan earthquake. considered synonymous with C. labiatum, although the latter's triangular skin flap and generally exuberant lip de­ Cichlasoma dorsatum velopment are mote modest in the type of C. erythraeum. The species was based on 5 specimens from lakes Man­ Astorqui (1972a) considered C. erythraeum a synonym of C. agua and Nicaragua. They have the general appearance of citrinellum. Cichlasoma labiatum and C. citrinellum. Meek (1907, key p. F ernandez-Yepez (1969) made C. lobochilum (sic) the type 118) separated C. labiatum and C. lobochilus from C. of a new genus, Curraichthys, in which he also included C. granadense, C. citrinellum, C. dorsatum and C. erythraeum on dorsatum, C. erythraeum and C. labiatum. The content of this the basis of having "lips broad and thick, medianly pro­ group is identical to Regan's (1905) "Section 10" of duced into a long triangular flap," the latter group having Cichlasoma, except for inclusion of the later-described C. "lips normal" or "lips very broad, slightly produced me­ dorsatum. Regan (1906, p. 17) noted that the five sections dianly." The types of C. dorsatum have broad and thick lips into which he arranged the Central American and Mexican (Fig. 1); a large paratype (FMNH 5773) and a small one species .... "appear to be natural groups, but .... are not (FMNH 5972) have strong indication of such a "long trian­ sufficiently sharply defined to rank as subgenera." Since gular flap," although not fully developed; in 2 smaller the description of Curraichthys is hardly diagnostic and since paratypes (FMNH 5970) the flap is either apparently be­ no justification is offered to raise a "section" to full generic ginning or is absent, but the lips are broad and thick, as in rank, I see no reason for using a different generic name. 375 VILLA I 9 HI II 12 1:t 14 15 I' 'II, lil'I", . " I' 3 4 5, 6~ 8.~O II 12 I " 1 FIG. l. Type specimens ofCichlasoma dorsatum Meek. (A) Holotype; FIG. 2. Types of Cichlasoma citrinellum (A, syntype), C. erythraeum (B, note enlarged lips but triangular skin flap not well developed. holotype), and C. labiatum (C, syntype). The development of the (B) Paratype (FMNH 5971) with a shorter pectoral; the upper Ii ps in the type of C. erythraeum is intermediate between C. citrinel­ skin flap (arrow) is slightly developed but is bent posteriorly over lum and C. labiatum. The apparent size of the skin flaps in C. premaxilla. (C) Small paratype (FMNH 5972) already showing labiatum is enhanced by the shadow. From Kodachromes by G. enlarged lips and incipient skin flaps. Howes (no scales given). TABLE l. Meristic data for Cichlasoma labiatum, including the type spe cimens of C. dorsatum, C. erythraeum and C. lobochilus, and data from Astorqui (l972a). Means in parentheses; number of specimens examined enclosed in brackets. C. dorsa tum [5] C. labiatum [2] C. labiatum [17] C. erythraeum [1] C. lobochilus [1] Character (Types) (Types) (Astorqui) (Holotype) (Holotype) Dorsal spines 17 17 16-17 17 17 Dorsal soft rays 10-12 (1l.0) 11 11-12 11 11 Anal spines 7 6-7 (6.5) 6-7 7 7 Anal soft rays 8-9 (8.6) 8-9 (8.5) 7-10 8 9 Pelvic rays 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 Pectoral rays 12-14 (13.0) 14 14-15 13 14 Caudal rays 16 15-16 (15.5) 18 16 Predorsal scales 14-18 (16.0) 12-14 (13.0) 14 14 Peduncle scales 16-17 (16.0) 16 18 17 Scales above lat. line 5.5-6.5 (6.0) 6 6 7 Scales in lat. line 31-35 (33.0) 32-34 (33.0) 30-34 34 33 Scales below lat. line 8.5-10.5 (9.5) 9-10 (9.5) 10 8 Gill rakers, lower limb 9-12 (10.6) 11 10-14 8 9 Gill rakers, uEEer limb 2-3 (2.8) 4 2-5 3 3 376 TABLE 2. Measurements and proportions for selected characters of Cichlasoma labiatum, including the type specimens of C. dorsatum, C. erythraeum and C. lobochilus, and data from Astorqui (1972a). Means in parentheses; number of specimens examined enclosed in brackets. Character (Proportions in C. dorsa tum [5] C. labia tum [2] C. labiatum [17] C. labiatum [13] C. erythraeum [1] C. lobochilus [1] thousandths of SL) (Types) (Types) (Astorqui) L. Nicaragua OV 7070) (Holotype, L. Managua) (Holotype, L. Managua) Standard length (mm) 73.0-154 (116.16) 113.1-144.0 (128.50) 117-177 (139.0) 76-171 (111.30) 133.0 152.0 Predorsal length 445.48-481.65 (460.14) 392.36-439.43 (415.90) 429-449 (436) 414.81-492.06 (454.52) 364.66 342.11 Preanal length 665.42-684.93 (679.24) 677 .08-776.30 (726.69) 658-719 (691)
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