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3 American Currents Vol. 41, No. 2 FROM THE “OL’ SOUTH” TO FARTHER SOUTH: KILLIES, MOLLIES, CICHLIDS, CHARACINS, AND KNIFEFISH IN HONDURAS Dustin Smith Lexington, South Carolina (with assistance from Rudy Arndt and Fritz Rohde) In March 2011, after a quick exploratory trip in 2008 by Fritz Rohde and Rudy Arndt, the three of us decided to make a return trip to Honduras. Fritz and Rudy went there in 2008 to visit a national park and potentially collect some killifish along the way. Fritz has an interest in Rivulus killies and we have (since then) spent significant amounts of time on trips to foreign lands chasing them. Doing an internet search on the fishes of Honduras, Fritz found that Wilfredo Matam- oros, a PhD graduate of the University of Southern Missis- sippi and currently (2011) a post-doc at LSU, was from Hon- duras and had published a paper on the freshwater fishes of his country (Matamoros et al. 2009). Will’s main interests were the Poeciliidae and their genetic relationships and he Figure 1. Honduras (http://tdhontario.tdh.ca). thought that there might be several undescribed species in Honduras. We made contact and Rudy decided to pay his 5 JAN 2011 travel expenses so he could join us on the trip and continue I arrived at the Atlanta airport early. As usual with every out his studies of Honduran fishes. We would assist with the col- of country expedition, I was excited and couldn’t sleep. Fritz lections (he had a permit), take photographs to be included arrived shortly afterwards and later so did Rudy. The plane with his work, and see as many fish species as possible. What ride to San Pedro Sula (Figure 1), the business capital of Hon- follows is a modified travel log maintained during the trip. It duras, was short at about 3.5 hours, so we were up and down documents not only the ichthyological aspect of the trip but in no time. It was the roughest flight I’ve ever had, actually also includes observations on the culture and the country. leaving my seat several times during the very turbulent first hour or so. However, we arrived in San Pedro Sula with no issues and cashed out $140 US for lempira notes at a rate of Photos by the author unless otherwise indicated. 18ish per $1. Rudy assured us that the random person patrol- Dustin Smith is a forensic chemist in South Carolina. As a long- ling the airport with a huge wad of lempira gave us a great time NANFA member, he has filled many roles over the years deal. I’ve never traded money with a stranger in a third-world including BOD member and convention host, and has served country and I am not totally sure it was the best idea both on various committees and special projects. Dustin’s interest legally and financially. We found our rental pick-up truck and in natives began with a photograph of an Everglades Pygmy drove toward La Ceiba (third largest city in Honduras) on the Sunfish and has taken him throughout the southeastern United States and beyond in search of new and unique fishes. These Caribbean where we were to meet Wilfredo. We crossed many treks have included trips outside of the US as well, to Costa Rica, accessible areas with great water so I am looking forward to Honduras, Peru, and, most recently, Thailand. sampling there on the way back. On the way, we stopped and Spring 2016 American Currents 4 Figure 2. Río Cangrejal. Figure 3. Our truck and collecting gear at Río Belaire. bought some local produce, lychees, from a vendor near the ing around at this place, literally in the middle of nowhere. small beach city of Tela, and manzanillas from a kid further While eating, a large butterfly flew into the outdoor hut we down the road—both are tasty small fruits. We arrived at were eating in and it looked very much like a bat. Not to be the Pizza Hut, our meeting place in La Ceiba about 4 PM, as outdone, a bat came in shortly after. We then returned to scheduled, and were met by a guy who did not speak any Eng- Pepe’s for some planning and sleep. Our plan was to visit lish. He hung out with us for about 45 minutes and we were a nearby wildlife refuge in the morning, where there was a never sure who he was. At first, we thought he knew Will and potentially new Gambusia species, similar to G. nicaraguen- was telling us to wait there for him. As it turned out, he was sis (Poeciliidae). We were all very tired from our long day of just a guy who helped people back out of parking spaces at travel so we decided not to get up early the next morning, the Hut for tips. Also, three kids who apparently only knew then drive a few miles to a village, from which we would take the English words “hungry” and “give me money” accosted/ a tiny narrow-gauge train to our destination. entertained us. They bothered us for a while and climbed all over our luggage while we waited. Finally, they gave up and 6 JAN 2011 ran off after an easier hit. First, I had no idea it got this cold in Central America. I woke Will, with Juan Carlos, a local fisheries and large-mam- in the middle of the night freezing. Luckily, I found a blan- mal biologist, finally arrived around 4:45 and we were very ket in the room and was able to keep warm. We started the glad to see them. It was getting close to dark and we had no day at the local Dunkin’ Donuts. While eating, Juan Carlos Plan B if they didn’t show. We followed them to Juan Carlos’ received a call that the first train to the refuge that we had house to get some supplies and then up a road that parallels plans to visit had been robbed by armed bandits. Luckily, we the Río Cangrejal to a house owned by a gentleman named chose to sleep in and catch the second. Since the police were Pepe. I still do not have a firm grasp of who Pepe is, but his going to keep the train tied up for some time, we changed place is awesome: a villa right on the river with a caretaker our plan for the day and drove east towards Belaire where family that lives in the first floor quarters. This Río (Figure we sampled the Río Belaire (Figure 3) at the type locality for 2) is a large mountain river with sections of whitewater over the cichlid Theraps wesseli. This was a clear-flowing stream expansive exposed bedrock and known for its rafting and that reminded me of ones typical of the Carolina piedmont. kayaking, similar to those of western North Carolina like There were many fishes in the stream and we quickly found the Nantahala or Chattooga. the Theraps, as well as two poeciliids, Heterandria anzuetoi After a quick tour of the premises and some unpacking, and Xiphophorus mayae, which were a range extension for we went to a nearby very odd German restaurant/youth both. We also caught Astyanax aeneus (Characidae), Rham- commune/outdoor outfitter called Omega Tours where I had dia laticauda (Heptapteridae), Alfaro huberi, Poecilia sp. aff. a delicious dish of fish with fried plantains and rice. Our gilli, P. hondurensis (Poeciliidae), Ophisternon aenigmati- waitress was from California and had just arrived. She was cum (Synbranchidae), Cryptoheros cutteri (Cichlidae), and there for five weeks to be a river guide and I guess to wait- Sicydium punctatum (Gobiidae) (Figure 4). We were disap- ress to make money. She wants to be a nurse but plans to pointed that we did not get any Rivulus since they had been river guide again the following year if possible. I was struck taken in this spot on two prior occasions but there just didn’t by how many young, mostly foreign, kids were just mill- seem to be any suitable habitat this time. 5 American Currents Vol. 41, No. 2 Figure 4. Clockwise from top left: Heterandria anzuetoi, Alfaro huberi, Cryptoheros cutteri, Sicydium punctatum, Theraps wes- seli, Poecilia hondurensis, Astyanax aeneus, and Xiphophorus mayae. We decided to try lower in the system, below where the After this, we went to Ki’Bok Café, a local restaurant in Río Belaire entered the Río Papaloteca. This was a large site La Ceiba that Will and Juan Carlos frequent. I had a water- with easily workable areas that included sections of low flow melon juice and chilequiles, both delicious. The chilequiles and backwaters. We worked primarily the backwaters in were made with chicken but had lots of bones and cartilage hopes of finding Rivulus. We didn’t get any but we did see in them. It was different but still very good. Atherinella milleri (Atherinopsidae), Belonesox belizanus We had hoped to get in one more spot but decided that (Poeciliidae), Amatitlania siquia, Amphilophus robertsoni, it was likely too late in the day so Fritz, Rudy, and I headed Parachromis loisellei, Vieja maculicauda (Cichlidae), a pos- to a nearby tributary to the Río Cangrejal that Will told us sibly new and undescribed molly, and many of the previ- about. It was crystal clear and it had a perfect pool to snor- ously seen species (Figure 5). kel in, though a bit cool. It was one of the most magnificent Spring 2016 American Currents 6 Astyanax.
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