AJ R Info rma tio n Volume LIV No. 10 October 1999 &3 (to non-members)

Don't miss. The background to the negotiations between German industrial firnns Land of our brothers and surviving slave workers Ronald Channing p9

Science in the theatre Slavedrivers in suits Prof Michael Spiro pl2

Tracing the Kinder hanks to what can only be described as An alerted public also knows that the Auschwitz Hugh Levinson p 16 inertia of the imagination, it has taken half a gas suppliers IG Farben have flagrantly defied the Tcentury for the full extent and horror of the Allied postwar decartelization directive for fifty (!) Shoah to sink into the public's consciousness. It was years. (At the same time former constituent com­ only by the early eighties that the American T'V panies of the IG Farben cartel - most notably Bayer, series Holocaust reached a mass audience - and by as well as Hoechst - have expanded hand over fist.) The Rupert the mid-nineties that cinemas worldwide showed If German industry wants to enter the new mil­ and John Spielberg's Schindler's List. lennium with something other than whitened This snailpaced spread of awareness helped sepulchres to show the world, it will have to shed show countless individuals implicated in the misdeeds of its image of unrepentant rapaciousness. But even if he media the Nazi regime to blend into German postwar soci­ this happens - which cannot be taken for granted - billionaire ety with their prestige - or wealth - unimpaired. an intractably bothersome problem will remain. TRupert Untarnished' names included the rocket scientist Should such useful objects as Bayer aspirins or Murdoch kowtows Wernher von Braun, the bureaucrat Hans Globke Siemens mobile phones bear the names of firms to Beijing by saying and the philosopher Martin Heidegger. Among the which, had they had any shame, would have opted the average super-rich beneficiaries of Nazism, the industrialists for postwar anonymity? Even as cosy an everyday Chinese is more Friedrich Flick and Heinrich von Schnitzler and the object as the 'Volkswagen beetle - produced with concerned about banker, Hermann Abs, were prominent. wartime slave labour at Wolfenbiittel - harks back his bowl of rice A related phenomenon was the ease with which to the dual connotation of Volk in Hider's mind. To than about Field-Marshal von Manstein, who bears a huge two­ him the term meant not merely people' but also freedom. The fold guilt - for ordering his troops to murder Jews 'race', as in volkisch (race-conscious) and Volks­ historian John and for sabotaging the 1944 Officers' Plot - could genosse (race comrade). Charmley damns act as a respected advisor to the Bonn government Under the dispensation of the car's originator, Churchill for I on military matters. Volkswagen ownership would have depended not fighting the But with the passage of time and thanks to on whether someone was fit to drive, but whether Anglophile HiUer, homegrown democrats like the organisers of the they were fit to live D thereby Crimes of the Wehrmacht Exhibition, the postwar squandering British Germans' perception of their country's past is lives and the changing. However, this change for the better is dis­ NEW VENUE FOR Empire. tinctly patchy. For instance, in the economic sector, AJR'S ANNUAL CONCERT Both the tycoon the crimes of the past still stain the present to a and the don stomach-turning degree. Industrial firms like This year's AJR Concert is being held in the propagate an Siemens which are world leaders have neither redecorated and easily accessible Great Hall oudook which purged themselves of the guilt incurred through the of Imperial College in South Kensington. places material spoliation of an entire continent, nor disgorged the (Pre-booked coaches and parking available). self-interest abo\e huge profits amassed by working slave labourers Soloists Raphael Wallfisch, cello, David Juritz, considerations of practically to death. violin, and Diana Franklin, piano, play with morality and Many of these firms have engaged tame academ­ the London Concertino Orchestra conducted human dignity. j ics to produce anodyne company histories. Such by Richard Dickins in a well-chosen pro­ Sadly their cynical manoeuvres deceive few. The world now knows gramme of Mozart, Vivaldi, Haydn and Hoist. and deeply that German industrialists, far from having slave Seofs of £20, £15 & £10 Include a cream tea. antihumanist workers foisted upon them by the SS, enthusiasti­ Box Office: I Hampstead Gate, la Frognal, message still finds cally tapped into this well-nigh inexhaustible source NWS 6AL. Tel: 0171 A31 6161. ^n audience D of cheap labour. AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

Profile NEW AJR APPOINTMENTS iie Ciiairman and Management Committee of the AJR have re­ Keeper of the flame Tassigned the responsibilities oi chief executive among three senior lse Tysh is proud of her forbears - and members of staff with good reason. Her orphaned grandmother had been adopted by As Head of Finance Gordon Greenfield I adds to his financial responsibilities the Adele and Johann Strauss. Great-uncle Josef Simon was proprietor of the Theater selection and installation of an entirely an der Wien and a close friend of Johann new computerised membership and ac­ Strauss; the actor Willy Eichberger counting system, together with stau belonged to her extended family. training. Carol Rossen, who has served By contrast Use's father was a university- AJR's members for the past 18 years in trained chemical engineer who ran an several capacities, takes on the many du­ industrial plant producing roofing felt ties of Head of Administration -and and street asphalt at Aussig, N. Bohemia. Personnel. Ronald Channing, while con­ tinuing to contribute to AJR Information, Ilse had set her heart on studying Ilse Tysh medicine, but was persuaded to attend as Head of Media, Development and Communal Relations, will oversee the commercial college to prepare her for Interbooks. She retired from that in 1977 development of associated groups, mem­ managing the family firm. and .started a new career as a part-time bership and AJR's relations with Jewish Then came the Nazi occupation of the carer. Fred Tysh died in 1981 and she and non-Jewish organisations. Sudetenland. 23-year old Ilse and her does her best to keep his memory green. All other departmental responsibilities (much younger) sister emigrated to the Recently aged 83, she went to Vienna - remain unchanged. UK, never to see their parents again. In by train! - to speak at the Jewish Museum On confirming these appointments Aj" England Ilse worked as a domestic, first exhibition commemorating his work. Chairman, Andrew Kaufman, expressed for an art hi.storian and then for a senior URG official whose antisemitic wife starved her. his confidence that, under the new ar­ She left to take up nursing but was dis­ rangements, the AJR will continue to barred as an alien, so she became a cook. serve members as well in the future as m Through a mutual acquaintance she Austrian claims office the past D met her future husband. Fred Tysh had - Claims Office has been opened in literally - been to hell and back. A suc­ Vienna to assist Jewish victims of cessful writer of Viennese song lyrics A the Nazi regime, or their heirs, to (Sag zum Abschied leise Servus) he had document claims and strengthen their survived Dachau and Buchenwald, recov­ cases for compensation or the restitution ered from typhus and come to London of property and assets seized under the presents the on a transit visa to Costa Rica. The out­ Nazi regime. break of war enabled him to stay on and The office has been opened by the Xondon he rapidly learnt English. Barely six Federation of Jewish Communities in months in the country he wrote the words Austria in response to many recent en­ Concertino for the song Seven Sisters in Seven Sisters quiries from Jewish Holocaust survivors Conductor Richard Dickins Road which was duly published. To keep in and from Austria. The significance to Leader David Juritz the wolf from the door he studied - and claimants of establishing an appropriate eventually practised - accountancy. institutional framework to advise and playing Mozart,Vivaldi & Hoist A reunion with Richard Tauber, an ac­ support Holocaust survivors on restitu­ with special guest appearance of quaintance from Vienna days, followed. tion issues cannot be overstated. RAPHAEL WALLFISCH Tauber, unhappy with his original col­ Despite the fact that Austrian legislation performing laborator on Old Chelsea, asked Tysh to does not provide for the recovery or Haydn's Cello Concerto in C write new lyrics at breakneck speed. compensation of Holocaust era assets, (This commission resulted in the hugely the Federation's Claims Office is commit­ Sunday 10 October 1999 successful We're in love with you, my ted to supporting claims for restitution. It at 3 pm heart and D. could well provide Austria's Jewish vic­ The Great Hall For Hans May the bilingual wordsmith tims of the Holocaust and their heirs, I Imperial College wrote the words of another hit. Starlight with a last opportunity to achieve justice. London SW7 Serenade. But he also ventured into Third Enquiries are welcomed by the Claims Programme territory, producing the li­ Office for Jewish Nazi Victims in and Concert tickets at £ 10, £ 15 & £20, bretto for Buxton Orr's opera ne Wager. from Austria, at Desider-Friedmann-Platz including tea and cakes, from: Ilse had meanwhile borne a son who 1, A-lOlO Vienna, Austria. Tel: 0043-1- The Concert Secretary, subsequently went to Oxford. While he 53104-46 (Mon-nurs 9am-12 noon). I Hampstead Gate, Frognal, was still at school she went to work for Fax: 0043-1-53104-30. London NW3 6AL the publishing firm Oswald Wolff later n Dr Ariel Muzicant AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

? credited to Berthold Burger, a name What';s in a namef snatched out of thin air to hide the iden­ urs is an age addicted to the tity of Erich Kastner (whose books the NEWTONS Nazis had burnt, but who had stayed on worship of celebrity, with a new Leading Hampstead Solicitors Oword - celebs - specially coined in Germany to be near his mother). 'o denote the objects of that worship. A few years later Hollywood became 22 Fitzjohn's Avenue, There is nothing new in this, I hear you acquainted with similar stratagems. A London NW3 SNB ^'''y: individuals strove to make a name handful of writers on McCarthy's blacklist 'k All English legal work 'or themselves as far back as ancient eked out a living by handing in scripts undertaken and German, Greece. A certain Herostratus, having signed by obscure real-life individuals Swiss & Austrian claims 'Nothing positi\e to his credit, burnt down whom they paid a commission for using the Temple of Diana at Ephesus in quest their name. (This was the subject of the ^ German spoken of negative fame, i.e. notoriety. film ne Front made in the 1970s.) * Home visits arranged Actually it is wrong to think that every When, a little later, Milos Forman em­ ^8e placed the same high value on fame. barked on the filming of Amadeus he Tel: 0171 435 5351 Medieval artists, for instance, had a view announced that he wanted little known Fax: 0171 435 8881 °' themselves as working Ad majorem actors in the lead part. Flying off for an Sloriam Dei (the greater glory of God) audition Simon Callow confided to a 3nd are known to posterity by such near- friend: I wonder if I am unknown •irionymous appellations as the Master of enough!' Flemalle. Which only goes to show celebrity can PARTNER h was the Renaissance which initiated also have drawbacks other than the un­ In long established English Solicitors •^^ modern cult of the individual - and welcome attention of inquisitors or (bi-lingual German) would be happy ""ongside it, the pervasiveness of the paparazzi. to assist clients with English, German P'"'nted word, i.e. publicity. America is URG and Austrian problems. Contact '^ot named after Columbus, who discov- ^"^^d it, but after Amerigo Vespucci, who Henry Ebner ^rote about the discover^'. Beth Shalom's Myers Ebner & Deaner Things carried on in a similar fashion 103 Shepherds Bush Road /^til the twentieth century- and the inven- 4th anniversary London W6 7LP 'on of the blacklist'. In our time the Telephone 0171 602 4631 "^escapable pressure of politics made it advisable for blacklisted writers to take ALL LEGAL WORK ^^ a fake identity and slip into anonym- UNDERTAKEN v'- A prime example of this is B Traven, ^^ niysterious author of ne Treasure of ierra .Madre. The best guesstimate of raven's true identity is that he was Rex ^aruth, a survivor of the bloodily sup- AUSTRIAN and GERMAN P^'essed Munich Rdterepublik of 1919, PENSIONS ho subsequently went to ground in ^xico. Here Traven wrapped himself in Prof Richard Ruhenstein ^^^ anonymity that not even his literary PROPERTY RESTITUTION s^nt knew his precise whereabouts or rofessor Richard L Rubenstein, dist­ CLAIMS ^^ything else about him. inguished President of the University In the 1930s Heinrich Heine had ano- Pof Bridgeport, Connecticut, delivered EAST GERMANY- BERLIN the fourth anniversary lecture at Beth yrnity thrust upon him by the Nazis' On instructions our office will 'Cial reclassification of Die Lorelei as a Shalom Holocaust Memorial Centre in assist to deal with your /iditional German folksong. At the same Nottinghamshire. Making his first visit to "^ Austrian film executives were so ea- Beth Shalom, he complimented founder- applications and pursue the * r to keep supplying the German director Stephen Smith and his family for matter with the authorities. creating such a jewel. 3rket that they substituted named Ary- For further information and Thanks to funding from both the AJR '^s for the Jews who had actually appointment please Qrked on their movies. On the credits and the Claims Conference, Beth Shalom contact: °urgtheater, for instance, the author- has designed and built an entirely new 'P of the lyrics of Sag zum Abschied research suite within its premises. A com­ ICS CLAIMS . '^^ Servus was ascribed to Harry Helm prehensive library of Holocaust literature 146-154 Kilburn High Road ead of to the real writers Siegfried is complemented by a bank of computer London NW6 4JD workstations at which researchers can '^ch and Hans Lenksfelder. Tel: 0171-328 7251 (Ext. 107) ^ 1943 the Ufa film company marked either surf the Internet or study Beth Fax:0171-624 5002 J silvej. jubilee with Miinchhausen, a Shalom's own excellent CD Roms on the ^f^icolour spectacular. The script was Third Reich. D RDC AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

Literary and theatrical reviews

illiberal policies, Jewish representative or­ expressed reflections made this reviewer The myth of integration ganisations became cautious in pressing feel that sometimes he was wading them to do more, lest their own patriot­ David Vital, A PEOPLE APART,THE JEWS IN though treacle. But the effort is worth it. ism were called into question. Typically, D Ralph Blumenau EUROPE, 1789 to 1939. Oxford University Press, in France Jewish congregations offered 1999, ao. up prayers for the health of Alexander III an a one-volume history of the while that Tsar, allied to France, was pre­ Jews in modern times add any­ siding over the harassment of their Not quite Formula One thing significantly new to the co-religionists through the May Laws. In C Ronald Harwood, QUARTET, RichmondTheatre many similar books that have already 1933 the British Board of Deputies and been published? This book certainly the French Consistoire even refused to be n Greek mythology Oedipus has a fatal does. In the first place, it contains quite a identified with the campaign to boycott encounter with his father at a point number of facts that I had not found in goods from Nazi Germany: a hint from Iwhere three paths converge. In-the any other history. The footnotes show the Home Secretary that the British Gov­ process of writing Quartet, Ronald that Professor Vital, who has lived for ernment regarded the boycott as Harwood had a fatal encounter with the most of his life in Israel, has drawn undesirable was quite sufficient. When muse of drama at a point where three extensively on research published in the World Jewish Congress was being streams converge. Hebrew and not yet translated into prepared in September 1933, the Board The first stream is the acquisition ot English. In the second place, although of Deputies, the Alliance and the Hilfs- charisma via the donning of costume- the book has a narrative framework, it is verein all refused to attend in case they Brecht used this to good effect in the infused by a consistent vision and gave "substance" to the antisemites' claim scene of the robing of the Pope in Gait' interpretation of the history of that time that there was such a thing as powerful leo. Likewise Jean-Claude Grumberg s which is as powerful and all-embracing International Jewry. All this bespeaks an Dreyfus features a nervous Polish-Jewish as it is depressing. awareness that, far from there being a actor drawing courage from the French As the title implies. Vitals view is that "symbiosis", the Jews throughout Europe officer's uniform (which he dons in the the Jews have throughout this time been felt insecure as a people apart. The book play-within-a-play) to defy the antisemitic a people apart, not only in Eastern and ends with the impotence of the Jews at louts come to wreck the performance. Central Europe, but even in the liberal the Evian Conference of July 1938: the The second stream has to do witn West. The emancipation project through­ liberal democracies refused to accept standing on the shoulders of giants. A out Europe is presented as one that was significant numbers of refugees from Nazi favourite giant whose shoulders subse­ never primarily motivated by a feeling of Germany. The Evian Conference "con­ quent playwrights have long stood on is. justice, but by the perception that the firmed the general disposition to edge of course, Shakespeare. Impious English states granting emancipation would ben­ the Jews out of the international political critics who do not share our inbuil efit thereby. Everywhere Jews laboured arena into which they had so very veneration for Schiller have even dared under the feeling that what the State had recently (historically speaking) gained describe his Don Carlos as a pale shado^ granted, it could take away; everywhere admission. Evian signalled the onset of of Hamlet. therefore the Jews felt that they had to the final stage of the process by which But worse - far worse - than plagiarism ingratiate themselves with the State - the long march of the Jews of Europe to is, of course, cannibalisation. Ronalo even the Zionists often felt this; and per­ legal emancipation and social acceptance Harwood's ne Dresser, a prentice piece haps the only exception was the Bund, had first been arrested and was now, cor­ which established his fame thirty years which specifically opposed the State as ners of the western world apart, being ago has an upbeat finale, where the ful'V Jews and as Socialists. Vital explains the rapidly reversed." made-up Donald Wolfit lookalike goes on escalation in Russia from state harassment There is of course an extensive treat­ stage spouting glorious lines from KinS to the state-inspired murderous ferocity ment of the sufferings of the Jews in Lear. Even more flagrant cannibalisation after 1906, to the perception of the Right Russia and in the successor states after occurred when Tom Stoppard incorpO' that the Jews had at last dared to organ­ the First World War. The gloom of this rated the lovers' enchanting exchange* ize themselves to fight back against the book is unrelieved. Vital obviously felt from Romeo and Juliet into his film scrip Autocracy. that the enormous achievements of the for Shakespeare in Love. In Vitals interpretation, the Jews of Jews once they had been emancipated The third stream converging into Ha England and France were terrified of had so little bearing on his theme that wood's latest piece is good old-fashione crossing their governments on behalf of they do not figure in his book at all. smut. I will spare my readers' blushes bY Jews elsewhere. When, as in the Damas­ One must also add that Vitals editors at only quoting one example of the g^'^'' \ cus Case, they seem to have been an the OUP should have taken more When a male inmate of the opera singer effective pressure group for their co­ trouble: the index, though long, is inad­ retirement home, which is the setung ° religionists, it was largely because their equate; footnotes referring back to earlier the play, confesses to a female colleag^ interests and the interests of their govern­ passages give chapters but not page that he is impotent, she comments: A ments coincided. Once governments felt numbers. Above all the style of the book you've got to do, dear, is think of the Ei' that they had done "enough" in protest­ is quite dreadful: immensely long and fel Tower'. . ing to antisemitic regimes about their ponderous sentences and sententiously continued next page, col- AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

Uterary and theatrical reviews

'Continued from previous page not/Remain this town/Farewell beloved and the incomparable Primo Levi. However, after making the audience sit child.' Rosenbaum deals not only with the through one and a half acts of this sort of From her new poems I particularly great and awful events but also the thing the playwright at last hits his stride liked Warsaw Vigil 1940 which describes scandals which always surrounded this "^ the final scene, where he puts his four how some of the few Jews who existed creature whom one analyst described as characters into opera costume and har- outside the Ghetto hid themselves on a nebbish god'. He may have murdered •^esses Verdi's music (the eponymous Oh, Yom Kippur amongst the Catholic cong­ his niece in a fit of jealousy; he may oella figlia del amore from Rigoletto) to regation in Warsaw Cathedral and how have been driven by dreams of glory or "is purpose. they lingered afterwards when it emptied:- by nightmares of bloodlust; invincible Clearly Ronald Harwood likes going 'Only ventured out/As written in the childhood Jew-hatred or the sight of "ack to the tried formula that made his law/With the first star'. Chassidim on sacred German (albeit "rst play such a hit (though I don't recall This poem drags in its wake the huge Austrian) streets. Some hold that the idea having to sit through such an overload of machinery of oppression and, hiding in of total annihilation was always in his smut when watching The Dresser thirty the shadows, the starving, threatened mind and some say it was inculcated by years ago). remnants of the Warsaw Jews. the many European advocates of anti­ URG Lotte Kramer still speaks for them, un­ semitism. Some say his war service, some derstands their suffering and expresses say his mother's death of cancer (Jewish for all survivors now their continuing doctor) were among the causes that trig­ Orphaned forever sense of outrage and loss. It strikes me gered his madness. as amazing that this is her first book to Readers may remain wondering, or '-Otte Kramer, 'HEIMWEH, HOMESICK', Brandes be published in Germany. I hope it will plump for one judgment or another. But ^Aspe//999. £8.50. be widely read in this year leading up to they will, if not enjoy, appreciate the skill any tributaries meet in this the Millennium and that its lessons will and balance with which Rosenbaum, a powerful collection, drawn from be carried into the next century. very superior journalist and social scien­ M the author's previous volumes of D Jill Bamber tist, presents an overview of this terrible Poetry, Ice-Break, Family Arrivals, A Life­ phenomenon. long House, ne Shoe-Maker's Wife, ne DJofin Rossall desecration of Trees and Earthquake. The monster that ^erman-born, Kramer came to England '^'^ a Kindertransport and much of her '^'ork springs from homesickness, 'that defies analysis Threatened by oblivion Permanent claw in the blood'. She has Ron Rosenbaum, EXPLAINING HITLER, Grete Beck-Klein, WAS SONSTVERGESSEN gathered into this book all her current Papennac, 1999. £10. WIRD, Hartung Gorre Verlag Konstanz. Poetry on this theme, with a final section ne has to admit that at the end of he author wrote this book as a °f new work. the author's weighing of all the memorial to her family and at the Bilingual readers will have an advan- Oavailable evidence readers get no Tsame time hoped that use would ^8e. She writes in English and the closer to comprehending what the be made of it, particularly in schools in erman translation is given on the facing subtitle of the book describes as The her native Vienna. P^ge. Speaking of her feeling about her Origins of His Evil. But they need not fear She first gives the background of her "Mother tongue and her adopted language that they will be short-changed, for they family life in pre-Anschluss Vienna, "the she says; Myself, I'm uneasy in both'. will learn a great deal on the way and good old times" and then relates what °nietimes this lends to the poems an the author's stylishly written summaries happened to each member of her family. Special grace, like a chord played in the and comments are cleverly presented. She and her sister emigrated to England eh hand, always there. She says that for At stake are the questions: Was Hitler and both subsequently went to Israel. er pain is buttoned to the German mad? Was he totally, irredeemably evil? Her parents and brother were not so ^riguage', so that writing in English allows Was he the sole architect of mass murder? lucky. Father and brother got to Shang­ er the necessary distance. Occasionally Do the origins lie in his past? Did he be­ hai and her mother was deported in 1942. ^'" syntax seems almost too orderly, lieve himself to be righteous? Did he She quotes from very moving letters hich can hold up the flow, as in really not mind losing the war so long as between her parents, her father and ^'^mcades:- all the Jews perished? brother and herself, the mother forever '^er room is my prison/My shame is The authorities Rosenbaum cites guar­ hoping that she would be able to join her y fear Of her ordered world/I refuse to antee the level of debate. They include husband in Shanghai and neither of them enter.' the like of Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord really believing what could happen to rlowever, she never wastes words and Dacre) who battled it out with Lord Bul­ them. ^^Kes the reader unerringly to the heart of lock; the savant George Steiner, the Grete Beck-Klein painstakingly re­ th- e matter. I was moved by the simplicity notorious Daniel 'The Germans were all searched the details of the deportation of The Red Cross Telegram, quoting her guilty' Goldhagen and Claude of Shoah and asks the unanswerable pertinent ^^^her's fareweil:- fame Lanzmann. There is also the Israeli question "How could it have happened?" ^e have to move/Our residence will Jehuda 'no Hitler, no Holocaust' Bauer n Eva Frean AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

Otto Fleming. In 1974 Tito granted au­ tonomy to Kosovo. In 1989 Milosevic withdrew it. His 'Greater Serbian Mani­ festo' was a programme to include .some two million Serbs living mainly in Croatia and Bosnia in an expanded Serbia. CLAIMS AGAINST SWISS Sir - Some of the assumptions in your In 1991 Milosevic began his expansion BANKS September leader flounder in choppy wa­ wars with Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia, in which ethnic cleansing was the de­ Sir - It is unbelievable to read your ters. The mundane but tested theory of clared aim. The rest of Europe looked editorial advice to claim against Swiss the leopard not changing his spots, finds on, seeing it as an 'internal matter', Hk*^ Banks, etc., 'even if the claimants had no a ready home with many Jewish refugees Hitler's concentration camps. When, at connection whatever with a Swiss bank and millions of veterans of WWII. A last, the EEC recognised Croatia, Vakova account'. If this is not an invitation to writer expressing this sentiment is not necessarily an anti-German demagogue. had already been reduced to a rubble by commit fraud, what is? the Serbs and Dubrovnik had been bom­ New Barnet, Herts KG Speyer Replacing sterling with an untried bu­ reaucratic compendium requires long and barded for almost three months. In -1993 This is a wilful misreading of what appeared careful consideration. It is also wrong to Milosevic paramilitaries set about dis­ on page 2 of the September issue.The advice suggest that people with unimpaired membering multi-ethnic Bosnia. They was addressed to potential claimants who memories are anti-German. established a gulag of camps across may have had assets looted by the Nazi The majority of Germans and Austrians northern Bosnia in which rape, terror and regime, but may not know whether those (especially the latter) guilty of heinous murder were a daily routine. In the sum­ assets were disposed of through a Swiss crimes during the Nazi era have never mer of 1995 thousands of Muslims were massacred at Srbenica in the most griev­ bank. Ed. (See item p. 13) been brought to justice. The ranks of ous atrocity on European soil since the apologists for the past should not be Nazis. VARIETIES OF XENOPHOBIA joined by the influential Jewish refugee intelligentsia. Towards the end of 1998 it was the Sir - A unified Europe may seem London N3 Eric Donner turn of Kosovo. Diplomatic efforts lasted desirable but such a structure would be almost half a year during which Milosevic riven by deep fault lines. proceeded with the preparations for his There must be elements in Germany CHAMBERLAIN'S CLONES scorched earth policy. Mr Fleming refers deeply resentful of the defeat and the lost Appeasement runs high in the British to 'unacceptable demands in Rambou- territories who are quietly working un­ Government, from ex-Prime Minister illet'. How relevant is that? Before the derground in the hope of bringing about Neville Chamberlain and ex-Ambassador NATO campaign some seventy resolu­ a reversal. Sir Neville Henderson, to Mo Mowlam tions had been passed by the United A common currency and Central Bank and Tony Blair in their latest relationship Nations and totally disregarded t)> will inhibit freedom of action in all de­ with the IRA. Milosevic. partments of government, including the Even the former Foreign Secretary, Lord LondonWIZ Eric Sanders capacity to preserve a totally independent Carrington, a moderate politician and British defence capability. one-time Secretary of NATO states quite The op)en borders of a unified Europe categorically that NATO was wrong in SORCERER'S APPRENTICE could create a mood of violent racist na­ bombing Serbia, which only exacerbated Sir - The bulk of Jews came to Austria tionalism in this country. the hatred. from Galicia, then part of the Austro- British independence so valiantly de­ Were Clinton and Blair not thinking of Hungarian Empire. fended in the past, should not be self-aggrandizement when they decided Antisemitism was rife in Austria, more bartered away in the unrealistic hope of a on this undertaking? Anything to take the so than in Germany, long before the prosperous Never-Never-Land. We, the mind of the public off the Lewinski scan­ Anschluss. It was simply legalised by the beneficiaries of that defence, should help dal and the troubles in Ireland and Nazis. uphold it. elsewhere! A not unusual stratagem of To compare Austria with Britain is an Stamford Eric Alexander politicians! insult to the tolerance shown by HM go^' We Jews should think of the resistance ernment and its people over man)' Sir - Your September editorial is by far the Chetniks put up against the Nazis as decades. the sanest published for many years on opposed to the co-operation by the To quote Fraulein Amalie Schoner as t" the envy-inspired anti-German and anti- Ustaches of Pavelic. Tudjman forcibly the goodness of the Austrian people American attitudes of so much of the cleared out 200,000 Serbs out of Krajina surely stretches one's credulity to the British press. and NATO did not bat an eyelid. This limit. Unregrettably Dr Goebbels has been surely, smells of appeasement. London N/2 D Cohf^ dead for a very long time, but his tech­ Wembley, Middx A Goldsmith niques - alas - are not. Sir - My father's parents, grandfather- May I be allowed to thank and Sir - None are so blind as those who great-grandfather came from that Austro- congratulate AJR Information on this out­ won't see. Hungarian bulwark city and home of ^ standing achievement. A closer look at the facts and the back­ great yeshiva - Pressburg. My mothers Dalham, Newmarket George Clare j ground to the situation might benefit ancestors lie under tombstones dating AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

hack to the 17th century in a small AJRWITHOUT THER near Breslau, now Wroclaw, Poland. I Sudeten town. Austrian citizens all, they Sir - I find Mr Guttman's letter (Sep­ was shocked and upset to find that the did not have to flee to Vienna. Only I tember issue) rather insulting: I object to small Jewish cemetery no longer existed had the misfortune to be born a Vien­ having my past referred to as "dirty and that new houses had been built on nese. As far as I can recall they were linen". He appears to be one of those ex- the land. My father had visited his par­ Petty bourgeois and not necessarily un­ refugees who now wants to be seen as a ents' graves in the 1950s. educated - although had they been, this "true Britisher" - which we will never be! Can anyone shed light on this? 'What has ^ould not have been a crime. On the other hand, I agree, with sug­ happened to the graves and headstones? Fraulein Schoner together with others I gestions that an "F" (for former) be London NWl I Jennifer Langer (nee Striem) ^an remember behaving decently, belong inserted before the "R". to the 2% of non-perpetrators in Ger- London NW9 Marion Smith 'iiany and Austria. They would not be CABARET IN enough to make me change my opinion PURGATORY to write off these on the whole dreadful THANKYOU BRITAIN FUND Sir - Kurt Gerron did Countries, their dreadful peoples and Sir - Anne Pisker presumably does not not play the prop­ their even more awful history. know that I was interned for a while at rietor of ne Blue London N6 Hugh Fisher Donaldson School, Edinburgh, in a room Angel in the film of with a communicating door to a room that name. He played with Gestapo agents who closed the door a stage magician who '^'r - It is right to point out the helpful at­ saying "At least, we don't have to breathe managed an itinerant chariona Buresouasponrau o/ the same air". When we complained to Kun Gerron, Terezin, 1944 titude shown by the Austrian troupe whose star Government during the last few years. I the Commanding Officer he assured us was Lola-Lola (Marlene Dietrich). The have visited Vienna regularly and found a he would keep order but when we proprietor was played by Karl Huszar- thriving Jewish community. insisted on being moved he remarked Puffy, who had already partnered There are se\'eral synagogues, nurseries "The Jews are always causing trouble". Dietrich in the 1928 film Ich kiisse Ihre ^^^ play schools. Yeshivas and youth London NWS DrW Levy Hand, Madame. groups flourish and the retirement home You are equally mistaken in thinking IS Well appointed. The Gemeinde Blatt is EXPRESSIONS OF REMORSE that Gerron wrote the song Das 'Ull of activities covering all aspects of Sir - The final item in Newsround Nachtgespenst. Its text was by Friedrich •lewish life. The Jewish Museums of (August issue) reminds me of a most Hollander and its music by Rudolf Nel­ *^'enna and Eisenstadt (Burgenland) are moving entry in the visitors' book at a son. Gerron sang it, first in Nelson's •fascinating. Without the Austrian Govern- French Holocaust exhibition in Paris a revue Der rote Faden and then on a •^ent's support the above would not have few years ago: famous gramophone recording, with Nel­ tieen possible. "Catholique practicante, Je demande a son himself as piano accompanist, made On reflection it would appear prudent Dieu chaque jour de nous pardonner le in Beriin in 1929. ° appreciate the authorities' dealing with mal que nous avonsfait aupeuplejuif. The Queen's College, Oxford ProfSS Prawer he Jewish community and encourage Gt Bookham, Surrey Robert Miller 'hem to continue in the future, '•ondon NWl A Dutch CLAIMS AGAINST POLAND HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY If anyone would like to contact Mr P Sir - You report (August issue) that an Koppenheim (letter September issue) his annual remembrance day for the victims "" - AW Freud would have us believe address is as follows:- 5 Granville of the Holocaust has been proposed. ••at the poor pre-war Austrians "were Avenue, Salford M7 4GD. Unhinged and believed in a false I and quite a lot of my friends who Prophet". He does not mention that the grieve daily for our loved ones who per­ "^ost beasdy of the SS and SA were in ished in the camps, feel very strongly AUTHOR! against an enforced, organised memorial ^ct Austrian; there must still be a lot of Sir - Do any readers know the author of day. Unhinged" Austrians around as the suc- the German nonsense verse which begins The worid must never forget what hap­ ess of rightwing parties shows, with:- "'Finster war's, der Mond schien pened. It has to be taught in schools and ^'•eenford, Middx Ernest Kolman helle'? the awareness must continue to come London NWl S T Deutsch from the media through documentaries SNOBBERY IN ARCADIA and plays and through 'Beth Shalom'. Please, no set date in England - it "^ ~" You should not discuss the class THANKYOU would backfire and hurt! y^tem here. We belong to an ethnic Sir - I should like to express my sincere £/ston, Newark, Notts Margret Grundmann Priority and are excluded in every way. thanks to all at the AJR Day Centre and From the recent Channel 4 documen- Head Office who have so unceasingly ^•y on the Second Worid War one thing NO RESTING PLACE supported me in their individual way. ^e out clearly: there has never been Sir - I have just returned from a visit to Their kindness is very much appreciated y interest in us. For the people here Poland in search of my roots. by me now and was of the greatest help e do not exist. I had hoped to visit my grandparents' then. '•ondon NW4 £/ Freyhan graves in Gross Wartenberg, now Sycow, London NW6 Eva Peach AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

KAFFEE, KINDNESS, KOMPANY, KONTENTMENT AND KONCERT AJR's coffee set enjoying a Kaffee Klatch at the Paul Balint AJR Day Centre in West Hampstead

TIte Day Centre's zvarm welcome, good company and a lot of good talk, u-illi tea and coffee served with delicate sandwiches and delicious pastries, helped to make everyone relax. Jack Davidoff on violin playing all-time popular melodies with ever-young Jules Ruben at the piano and Monty Samuel singing old favourites completed a very enjoyable afternoon. Winner of first prize in the draw, carried out by AJR's Chairman Andrew Kaufman, Melanie Lobel sensibly chose a warm tweed blanket to keep at bay those coming cold winter nights.

NEWS FROM THE GROUPS experiences?'at the group's next meeting on 7th in this country had taken her back to the October, 1pm at Pinner Synagogue. Sons and eighteenth century! Pinner daughters of Holocaust survivors are parucularly During the discussion which followed, The sun shone on Pinner Group's first welcome U many members described what they al­ garden party, held in the beautiful and ready knew of their continental families- spacious garden of Vera and Robert but wanted to discover more. Jacqueline Gellman. Forty members enjoyed good Brighton & Hove Gill was pleased to offer them useful company as well as a superb .strawberry Jacqueline Gill of the Jewish Gene­ guidance. Sarid has an interesting pro­ and cream tea which would have done alogical Society and a member of the gramme booked until the year's end with Buckingham Palace proud! Thanks go to editorial committee of its publication meetings to be held at the Ralli Hall i^ Vera, Elizabeth Feldman and the other Shemot (names), was the guest speaker Hove. D Rudi Simmonds hardworking volunteers who made the of 'Sarid'. afternoon such a success. In 1992, both experienced researchers D George Vulkan and enthusiastic beginners had joined AJR'Drop in'Advice Centre forces to establish the Society. Its aims at the In a talk to the members, AJR Outreach were to help members learn more about Paul Balint AJR Day Centre Worker Myrna Glass recalled how, with genealogy, to encourage research, to 15 Cleve Road, London NW6 3RL admirable courage, she had volunteered share information and to promote the between I Oam and 12 noon on the for a month with the Israeli Defence preservation of Jewish genealogical following dates: Forces. The sparse conditions at base records and resources. Tuesday 5 October camp and tough work in the bitter cold Many British Jews have a real thirst for Wednesday 13 October making bunker reinforcements were knowledge of their background, not least Thursday 21 October Tuesday 26 October compensated by her enthusiasm for among the younger generation. Well Wednesday 3 November doing a good job and setting younger aware of the difficulties faced by Euro­ and every Thursday from volunteers a good example. Her rewards pean survivors of the Holocaust when I Oam to 12 noon at: included two splendid certificates and seeking out their origins, Jacqueline re­ AJR, I Hampstead Gate, la Frognal, sightseeing trips. • Walter Weg vealed that many records had indeed London NW3 6AL been preserved in archives and could still No appointment is necessory, but please bring Gaby Glassman, a member of AJR's be examined on payment of a fee - a along all relevant documents, such os Benefit Management Committee, will speak on 'What useful source of income for some. Her Books, letters, bills, etc. have we told our children about our research into her own family background AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

Volunteers *r* reading for us l^ear AJR Information, • • • Vle>vpclnt • • • l^any thanks to your volunteers who read ^JR Information onto tape every month Land of our brothers for those of us who can no longer see so oes the signing of the rejuve­ toy with the desirability of a rapproche­ ^ell. I can assure you that it is a great nated Wye Accord by the Israeli ment with his principal enemy in a success listening to your performances DGovernment and Palestinian rep- process to secure his lineage on the ^hich are so easy on the ear. representatives mark the end of the Damascus throne, Lebanon's extremist My best wishes and thanks, century-old conflict between Arabs and factions will also be brought to heel. n Walter Salomonson Jews as to just who inherits the Any Near Eastern settlement may well territories of the former Ottoman- reflect a common fear of the unleash­ Turkish Empire, conquered by the ing of weapons of mass destruction by British in World War I and ruled under fundamentalist Iran (with an Islamic its League of Nations mandate? atomic bomb), or an unstable Iraq Few question the territorial integrity whose leader would prefer an apoca­ of Jordan, fashioned and artificially lypse now, rather than the overthrow maintained by the British out of the of his Takriti clan. Palestinian territories as the puppet state Ehud Barak, like his late mentor of Trans-Jordan for a dispossessed Yitzhak Rabin, is a former Chief of Staff Hashemite sheikh, yet whose subjects and highly unlikely to compromise are predominandy Palestinian' in origin. Israel's security. The accommodation of Prior to the declaration of the State of two Jerusalems - one each for the Jews Israel in 1948, paradoxically, 'Palestin­ and the Palestinians by extension of ian' passports and identification were a boundaries to the east - may secure one prerogative of its Jewish residents. One element in the final status negotiations. of the Arabs' major propaganda suc­ Any return of a Palestinian diaspora cesses has been the purloining of this presents a far more overwhelming title and the forging of a consensus for problem, not least for a Palestinian *Valter recendy took part in a two-hour mara- its recognition in the West. The name administration whose democratic institu­ t'lon walk for charity through Hadley Woods originates, of course, from the Phili­ tions have already failed, exposing a "6sp/te a total hip replacement and being com­ stines - not the Arabs. traditional reliance on the caprice of pletely blind. He was greeted and congratulated If the ruthless but ailing Assad of another old man, Israel's former implac­ "Y the Mayor and Mayoress of Barnet At the Syria, no longer a cold-war client of able enemy, now partner in peace. o?e of 96 f,e is an example to us all. Soviet policy in the Middle East, can D Ronald Channing

PAUL BALINT AJR DAY CENTRE

15 Cleve Road.West Hampstead, NW6 Mon.,Tues. & Weds. 9.30am-3.30pm.Thurs. 9.30am-6.30pm. Suns. 2pm-6.30pm

Afternoon entertainment programme - Wed 20 LUNCHEON CLUB Enjoy OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 1999 Thur 21 Tricia Dina, soprano & Gordon * Excellent food Sun 3 CLOSED - SIMCHAT TORAH Chochran accompanied by * Stimulating talk Mon 4 KARD & GAMES KLUB Margeret Gibbs, piano * Enlivening discussion Tue 5 Katinka Seiner & Laszio Easton, Sun 24 DAY CENTRE OPEN - NO • Meeting new friends accompanied by Peter Gellhorn, ENTERTAINMENT piano Mon 25 KARD & GAMES KLUB Wed 6 Robert Broday accompanied by Tue 26 Ilya Ushakov, violin LUNCHEON CLUB Daphne Lewis, piano accompanied by Yaron Shavit, Thur 7 THE GEOFFREY STRUM & piano onWednesday 20th October 1999 HELEN BLAKE DUO Wed 27 THE EDDY SIMMONS DUO Sun 10 CLOSED - AJR ANNUAL at l5CleveRoad,NW6 3RL Thur 28 THE DULCET TONES CONCERT Sun 31 DAY CENTRE OPEN - NO 11.45 for 12.1 Spm Men 11 KARD & GAMES KLUB ENTERTAINMENT ^uest speaker: Sir Sidney Samuelson Tue 12 THE VALERIE HE'WITT SHOW November 'My first 60 years in the Wed 13 Shirley Gurevitz accompanied Mon 1 KARD & GAMES KLUB by Daphne Lewis, piano film business' Tue 2 Amanda Palmer, soprano Thur 14 THE WIZO CHOIR Wed 3 Sue Kennett, soprano Reservadons £7.50 for everyone! Sun 17 THE NEW HORIZONS accompanied by Gordon from Sylvia, Renee and Susie Mon 18 KARD & GAMES KLUB Weaver, piano Tue 19 MAREK DABROWSKI Tel: 0171 328 0208 Thur 4 Nicola Smedley accompanied by ENTERTAINS ON THE PL\NO Jan Cunningliam, piano AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

FAMILY FORTHCOMING ANNOUNCEMENTS AJR Academics EVENTS Birthdays MEALS ON Researching Austrian OCTOBER 1999 Gee. Ruth Gee. Remember, WHEELS Centre in London remember my sister Ruth Gee Mon 4 Robin McEwan: The was 85 years young on the 20 1939-1947 Variety of high quality kosher Illuminations of the September. With love from your frozen food is available, ready need expert assistance with Ethiopian Miracles of brother John. Mary in 17th & 18th made and delivered to your chapter on Centre's musical centuries (with slides). Golden Wedding door via the AjR activities Club 43, Spm Meals on Wheels service. The founder of THE HYPHEN Please contact: Mon 11 Michael Faulkner: Nazism, Revolution or and members of IFL Ealing and Service available to members in Dr Anthony Grenville Hampstead Branch and six Counterrevolution? North and North West London. 29 Cholmley Gardens Club 43, Spm survivors of HMT Dunera wish London NW6 I AG Sun 17 'The Last Days', Hilde and Ken Ambrose as the 3-course meals cost £4 each Tel:OI7l 4190139 Oscar-winning Steven plus £1 per delivery. second couple after Gaggy and Spielberg film story of Teddy all the best for their 50th Phone Susie Kaufman on Hungarian Jewry. wedding anniversary. Screen on the Hill, 0171-328 0208 NW3, 7pm. Ticl

10 AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

SB's Column

eventy-five years ago. It was 1924 le when excerpts of Alban Berg's opera SWozzeck were first heard in spent the summer eclipse in Cornwall Frankfurt. Although the opera was where performance art. New Ageism, performed in Berlin the following year, I mystery and magic vied for attention political controversy ensued; timid *ith the phenomenon itself. Totality for attempts at revivals followed in Berlin in me turned out to be, alas, total 1928 and in "Vienna 1930. However, cloudiness. Not so for the local artists. general appreciation only came in 1951 Yuko Shiraishl's Eclipse/Blue Defer­ with a performance at the Salzburg ence (at the Cornwall Tate Gallery until Festival. the end of the month) is described as an Fifty years ago. Coinciding with the experiment with oil on canvas to create death of Edmund Eysler (one of the last several sculptural images of the eclipse, a operetta composers) the Anglo-American Series of oblong three dimensional can­ musical finally conquered the interna­ vases painted on all sides, perhaps to tional light music scene. "Whilst Rodgers Convey the formulaic windows through and Hammerstein's South Pacific tri­ ^hich we view life's mysteries - such as umphed in the States and in Europe, the eclipse. Britain contributed Novello's King's Rhap­ Georgian-born Gia Edzgveradze res- sody. A new era had begun. Ponds to the eclipse with fw o contrasting LordDigby and Lord Russell, by .-iiuhtiny \'ii)i Dyck. cl637, at the Royal Academy of Arts, London. Birthdays. The Hungarian-born Israeli gallery spaces devoted to his views on humorist and author Ephraim Kishon ''ght and darkness. The only thing clear celli and Lippi will be prominent in an had his 75th birthday. Trude Haefelin. about that is the artist's tongue-in-cheek exhibition which comprises sculpture, German actress, now retired, is receiving 'magination. The first installation features manuscript illumination, engravings and respectful acclaim at the occasion of her ^ room full of carrots lying on the floor drawings, including some by the young 85th birthday. During her heyday she 'n a grid system divided by the repetition Leonardo da "Vinci. filmed with Heinrich George and C'f the word, "hope", while two videos, It is not too late to celebrate the 400th partnered Hans Albers in the famous v^nical and horizontal, portray a swim- anniversary of the birth of Anthony Van Miinchhausen film. "Vienna audiences are •^er struggling to reach the surface. The Dyck. The Royal Academy of Arts joins looking forv,'ard to celebrating the 80th ^^cond room is a gilded and gorgeous forces with the City of Antwerp in a birthday of Fritz Muliar, the ubiquitous garden. I overheard a curator suggesting major retrospective of the artist's work comedian who will mark the event by that the artist was recalling his grassroots which includes paintings from all over appearing at Josefstadt's Rabenhof in the struggle in the Soviet Union where the the world as well as those from Britain's comedy Visiting Mr Green. Muliar, whose ^^'immer was always swimming against major private and public collections. The Jewish stepfather acquainted him with 'he tide and the carrots would eventually exhibition continues until 16 December customs and language of the shtetl, was ciecay in the absence of light, while the 1999. so taken by the traditions that he special­ golden room represented his "arrival". Art lovers who bemoan the fact they ised in the idiom, issuing successful At the Tate Gallery, St hes, Alexander they will never be able to achieve collec­ records Bochtes and Lozelach, Schmonzes '-resswell is currently showing South­ tor status can now think again. The a la carte and others. As a comedian his western Approaches - The Cornish Affordable Art Fair invites art fairs, gal­ numerous roles have ranged from •^^blime. He concentrates on the effect of leries and dealers to exhibit works at a Nestroy to Frosch in Die Fledermaus. 'ght on the Cornish landscape in an cost of under £2,000 each in a bid to Obituaries. Austrian-born stage, film exhibition of 40 watercolours focused price contemporary art within the market. and (lately) TV actress Hilde Krahl has entirely on the Cornish vista - its storms, The Fair will be held in two marquees in died, aged 82. Paul Sacher, the Swiss Seascapes and the drama of its environ- Battersea Park from October 27-31. A conductor who sponsored works by "^ent. Creswell tries to capture the very wide variety of affordable works are Bartok, Stravinsky and Hindemith and P'rit borne on the gale-swept air. offered, enabling purchasers to pay in in­ who helped many composers to survive The marriage of politics and art reached stalments. artistically as well as financially during ^ Zenith in I5th century Florence when The eternal charm of the still-life is cel­ the last war, has died in Basel at the age ^^ power of the Medici was largely in- ebrated this month at the Osborne of 93 0 luenced and consolidated by their Studio Gallery, 13 Motcomb Street, Lon­ Penetration of the visual arts. The Nat- don SWl, from October 13-29, in an ^•^al Gallery launches its first major exhibition of recent work by Elizabeth Annely Juda Fine Art '^hibition for over a decade of Renais- Parsons. The works are the result of gar­ 23 Dering Street (off New Bond Street) ^ance Florence (from 20 October until den and wild flower studies which Tel; 0171-629 7578 Fax: 0171-491 2139 ^'d January 2000). 'Works by such evolved from a floral calendar commis­ Fl CONTEMPORARY PAINTING orentine artists as del 'Verrocchio, sion by the Medici Society. AND SCULPTURE Ant,oni o and Piero del PoUaiuolo, Botti- D Gloria Tessler

II AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

SCIENCE NOTEBOOK Physics, 1932) to his former mentor and colleague Niels Bohr (Nobel Prize for HOMECARE SERVICE Science in the theatre Physics, 1922) in Nazi-occupied Copen­ The AJR is pleased to offer lays about science have become hagen in 1941. Heisenberg had been put members the benefit of a very fashionable. The oldest English in charge of Germany's war-time atomic Homecare Service scheme play in this category, We Alchemist, research and his visit to the half Jewish P The service Is intended to help members was most recently revived in 1996 at the scientist was a surprise. It is known that remain in their own homes National Theatre. In it, Ben Jonson pokes the two men went for a walk together fun at gullible people taken in by an but returned shortly afterwards, with Financial assistance is available alchemist who promises them the philo­ Bohr in an angry mood. What might the where needed. sophers' stone which would turn base consequences for the world have been of For further itiformatioti please apply to the metals into gold. Another 1996 revival, a longer conversation? Bohr subsequently Social Services team oti presented in German at the Rudolf fled to Sweden and then to America 0171 431 6161 or write to Steiner Theatre, was Friedrich Diirren- where he contributed to the US atomic AJR Social Services, I Hampstead Gate, matt's Die Physiker (1962) whose main bomb programme. Germany, fortunately, la Frognal, London NW3 6AL characters are patients in a mental hos­ failed to develop an atomic weapon and pital calling themselves Newton, Einstein Heisenberg's post-war reputation was and Mobius. Despite their scientific titles, badly tarnished. If you go to Frayn's play, ^ these two plays are essentially enter­ do arrive in time to read the informative Companions tainments with an undercurrent of programme which provides much inter­ fraudulent dealing in the plots. This also esting background material. of London affects the third science play. Blinded by D Prof Michael Spiro Incorporating the Sun, newly written by Stephen ^ Hampstead Home Care Poliakoff and performed at the National ^ A long established company Theatre. It is set in the chemistry depart­ providing care in your home ment of a British university where an 'When schools were ambitious lecturer suddenly announces a * Assistance ivith personal care startling discovery. All the academic staff turned into prisons' * General household duties are portrayed as deeply flawed personal­ * Respite care his is the name of an exhibition in ities and indeed the playwright's brother, * Medical appointment service the basement of Karajangasse a professor of chemistry, repudiated any School in Vienna's Twentieth OUR CARE IS YOUR CARE' resemblance to his own university. T district. It served as a prison on Kristall­ 0171 483 0212/0213 In contrast, Bertolt Brecht's The Life of nacht. Among the prisoners were Fritz Galileo (1939), is a more serious and Griinbaum, the cabaret artist, and Bruno thoughtful play which dramatically illus­ Kreisky, later to become Austria's Chancel­ trates the difficulties faced by scientists lor. (My father was also imprisoned there.) SPRING who develop new ways of looking at na­ On display are pictures of the persecu­ GROVE ture. Galileo was unable to persuade the tion of the Jews by the Nazis, the 1><^\I 214 Finchley Road 17th Century religious authorities that the scrubbing of pavements and cheering jl London NW3 earth is not the centre of the universe spectators as well as of Austrian resist­ London's Most Luxurious while 2(X) years later Charles Darwin, in ance fighters executed by the Nazis. A RETIREMENT HOME propounding the theory of evolution, had substantial section is devoted to the role to contend also with upsetting the deeply of the Jewish population in the cultural * Entertainment-Activities * Stress Free Living held beliefs of ordinary people. This and economic life of the area which was formed the subject of the first of three * 24 Hour Staffing * Excellent Cuisine called the Mazzesinsel. (I don't consider * Full En-Suite Facilities new science plays in 1998, After Darwin this term as in any way derogatory.) Mat­ Call for more information by Timberlake Wertenbaker. Both this erials displayed refer to the first or a personal tour play and An Experiment with an Air- antisemitic riots in 1919 at the Gauss- Pump by Shelagh Stephenson, received platz, and show the different treatment 0181-446 2117 their London premieres at the Hampstead given by the police to the Jewish defend­ or 0171-794 4455 Theatre. Stephenson explores the conflict ers and the antisemitic attackers. between our curiosity drive and the ex­ The whole project was undertaken by citement of new discoveries on the one pupils. I couldn't help wondering what hand and, on the other, the ethical basis Simon P. Rhodes M.Ch.S. the feelings of the youngsters who did all of human society and the uncertain ef­ STATE REGISTERED CHIROPODIST this work were about their grandparents fects of new genetic research. Surgeries at: or parents. All in all I found the exhibi­ 67 Kllbum High Road, NW6 (opp M&S) The latest science-based play, Copen­ tion an encouraging sign that some Telephone 0171-624 1576 hagen by Michael Frayn, is still Austrians were beginning to come to 3 Queens Close (off Green Lane) continuing at the Duchess Theatre after a terms with the past. Edgware, Middx HAS 7PU sell-out 1998 season at the National. It It is open on Thursdays from 16.00 to Telephone 0181-905 3264 deals with the mysterious visit paid by 20.00 hrs. Karajangasse is a short street Visiting chiropody service available Werner Heisenberg (Nobel Prize for near the Augarten. D Shlomo Kesten

12 AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

exploitation of slave labour, had close CLAIMS CONFERENCE REL^XES ties with their Swiss counterparts and found safe havens for their gains in Swit­ 'GOODWILL FUND' RULES zerland. You need have no compunction about he Conference on Jewish Material 4. Qualifying claimants, while entitled to completing the form and entering any Claims Against Germany has 100% of what would have been their losses or other injustices inflicted on you Tagreed to a new, more generous share of the property, were subject to or your family, whether or not you have ^et of rules for those claiming to be the a charge of 20% to cover the Claims any knowledge of a specific Swiss con­ inheritors of previously heirless property Conference's costs in researching and nection. It will be up to the lawyers to 'n the territories of the former East recovering the property. establish such a connection, if any D Germany and East Beriin. In addition, the Inland Revenue has Originally the German Goverment had confirmed that payments received from ^^t 31st December 1992 as a time limit up the Goodwill Fund will be treated in ex­ 50 YEARS AGO ^0 which such claims would be recog­ actly the same way as would payments nised. If heirs failed to register a claim made directly to individuals had they IT HAPPENED IN AUSTRIA ^ith the appropriate German authorities made their claim prior to the end of 1992. London producer Viktor Skutezky, on holiday •^y that date, under German law the These rules are not to be applied to in Ischl, visited the house in which Franz Lehar Claims Conference was recognised as the works of art which the Claims Confer­ had lived, now a museum. A guide explained to '^gal inheritor of unclaimed Jewish- the visitors "This writing desk was given to ence is entitled to recover as the legal Lehar by the King of England". Skutezky asked, owned property. (The Claims Conference inheritor of heirless property in Germany. "By which one - George or Edward?"."! think 'tself had time limits imposed on its pro­ It is understood that such objects are re­ both of them", answered the guide. Later the cedures). turned without any deduction or fee. visitor discovered an inscription on the desk: Potential claimants, many having no David Rothenberg, AJR's "Vice-Chairman 'To my best friend F.L. from George Edwards' (the famous London theatrical producer of Knowledge of their family's former pos­ and Hon Treasurer, represented the AJR Lehar's Merry Widow). sessions, failed to make their claims to and "World Jewish Relief at the Claims OAJR Information, October 1949 'he German Government within the Conference meeting in New York. He Specified time limit. Only subsequently welcomed the decision as "the right solu­ Old they discover that the Claims Confer­ tion to a long-standing problem". The A writer remembered ence owned, or was the sole claimant Conference uses proceeds from heirless •^ecognised under German law, to what Jewish property for education and the Else Ury, author of Nesthdkchen, perished they regarded as their family property. support of Holocaust survivors D in Auschwitz (see 'Germany's Enid Approaches made to the Claims Confer­ BIyton', Jan 1998 issue). Now a street ence for compensation initially brought adjacent to 'S-Bahn' Station Savigny-Platz, 'ne response that all individual rights had Berlin-Charlottenburg, where she had "een forfeited, but following consider­ HOLOCAUST lived for over thirty years, has been able public criticism, in 1994 the Claims named after her. The naming ceremony, Conference established a 'Goodwill VICTIMS'ASSETS attended by the Burgomaster of Charlot­ ^nd'. This operated on a sliding scale to tenburg, was televised on regional TV D P^y a smaller percentage to larger claims, LITIGATION •lowever, its terms of reference excluded Charities and non-family members; the The Swiss connection GERMA]\ and ^nd was insufficiently publicised and a ome members have queried the cut-off date of 30th June 1996 was ap­ advice given in the August and ENGLISH BOOKS plied. SSeptember issues of AJR Information BOUGHT These terms failed to dispel the com- which urged those who suffered any of Antiquarian, secondhand and P'aints, so the Conference then agreed to the losses or injustices listed (or their modern books of quality Accept claims from the Goodwill Fund up heirs) to complete the questionnaire, always wanted. 'C" 3lst December 1998. Under the newly even though no obvious 'Swiss We're long-standing advertisers 8reed rules four principles have been connection' may be apparent. here and leading buyers of books Established: This is in no way meant to encourage from AJR members. • Reaffirmation of the Claims Confer- wrongful claims. The US lawyers han­ Immediate response to your letter ences right to retain property it had dling the litigation have researched into or phone call. already reco\ered. Swiss-German financial dealings during We pay good prices and • The deadline for making claims to the and immediately after, "World War II. They come to collect. Goodwill Fund of 31st December have verified that, unbeknown to the 1998 was declared as final. victims, much of the proceeds derived Please contact: Robert Hornung MA(Oxon) The definition of those entitled to from confiscated Jewish property, in 2 Mount View, Ealing, payment from the Goodwill Fund was addition to bank accounts, jewellery and London W5 IPR extended to include charities (and all gold, eventually found its way to Switzer­ Telephone 0181-998 0546 those recognisable as legal heirs by land; some German banks and industrial (Spm to 9pni is best) the German courts). firms, which made huge profits from the

13 AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

lar Erev Shabbat dinners at his home in ! time. A poser, a career-mover, or 2 Charisma or razzmatazz Brondesbury. Shmuely played host with a deeply-committed rabbi desperately try­ he original use of the word blend of tense largesse and shtetl homeli­ ing to make Judaism work for the charismatic conveyed some inef­ ness. There was also the touch of the thousands who are alienated from it by Tfable sense of mysticism in a godfather about him. Everyone seemed atheisim, secularism or materialism. Time person. Charismatics had a way with to wait on his words, even when he had will tell. Meanwhile Boteach is the jokef magic; they were poets rather than no intention of saying anything. There in the pack who survives by sheer imagi' philosophers, bles.sed with an ability to were at least 30 people present, many of nation. And that alone is a big enough make things happen. They were spoken whom were invited to make a I'chaim. concept. "While many dread the fai of in hushed tones as though they may Mine was to the late Rabbi Hugo Gryn. antisemitism which they fear will follow as have zipped off another planet or time- This most unorthodox of orthodox rabbis his antics, you must admit that to go so zone far from the earth's orbit. seemed pleased and touched by my ir­ boldly shakes everyone out of their apa­ But on the eve of the Millennium let's reverent gesture in a Chassidic home. In thy and lends Judaism a sense of humour use the word charisma in its strictly mod­ the same rather guileless way he sees which it badly needs. Can we really be e\ ern sense. Charisma today can mean nothing wrong with using the media ma­ offended? anything from a glittery empathy to soul- chine to push his ideas on love and sex n Gloria Tessler friendly opportunism. Often it is that 50's within marriage. In order to attract huge term, sex-appeal, in a 90's incarnation. crowds of any faith to his Oxford We demand charisma of politicians and L'Chaim Society, he crossed swords with SEARCH NOTICES religious leaders and yet in the most seri­ the long-established Jewish Society, ous of these — the ones with real gravitas which had to manage without his flam­ Sergeant Arthur Stappler, Viennese im­ - that enigmatic, winsome quality is often boyant style and American management presario, joined British Army and broadcast to Austria from Algiers, Bari and Rome. in short supply. Few of today's spiritual techniques or without recourse to the Granddaughter seeks contact v/ith anyone leaders possess it and in an era of reli­ huge funds available to the Chassidic- who knew him. Also, requests literary reflec­ gious decline what passes in some for backed movement. Prominent Oxford tions (in German or English) on the personal charisma is more often an obdu­ academics there feared that such tech­ experiences of Austrian and German emi­ rate fanaticism edged with menace. "We niques might have an insidious agenda, grants for an anthology (poetry, stories, diary have heard it for years in the rhetoric of beguiling students whose lack of Jewish extracts & biographical notes). Please con­ the Rev Ian Paisley and we have sensed experience could make them vulnerable tact Mag. Heidelinde Priiger, Ortsplatz 5, A-2650 Payerbach,Austria. it more subtly and dangerously in the to right-wing persuasion. slow-burning idealism of Islamic funda­ That the Charities Commission are in­ isle of Man internees' artwork. Exam­ mentalists. But is it charisma exactly that vestigating L'Chaim's accounts is almost ples of a series of panel paintings of marine they possess? inevitable given the vast amounts of pub­ life, by Mrs M Sussmann and miniatures by other women internees in Port Erin and For me, charisma requires some tacit licity Boteach's every move brings down Port St Mary camps, are being sought by Liv­ acknowledgement of the vulnerable or on his head and the amount of opposi­ erpool University doctoral student Mrs RS even faintly ridiculous in its possessor. tion from those whose Judaism is steeped Moroney, Ballaharry, Crosby, Isle of Man Our own glib-tongued, cigar-smoking in discretion rather than boldness. IM44BX.Tel:OI624 85l 888. Rabbi Shmuely Boteach, whose original And yet - whether the investigations Ellen Mllewski, daughter of Anton Oxford-based LChaim Society is now be­ will expose a dirty tricks department in Milewski, left Berlin around 1939 (perhaps ing investigated by the Charities the body politic of the L'Chaim Society, via kindertransport) aged 16 and settled in Commission, is, whatever he is not, a rare or whether, as Boteach's supporters England. Ellen or information about her is example of charisma in a Jewish leader. I claim, he is simply the victim of a being sought by relative Rachel Eskin Fisher, once shared a blanket with Shmuely in witchhunt inspired by personal jealousy, 106 Garfield Place, Brooklyn, NY I 1215, USA- Jerusalem. It happened during Israel's there is something engaging and absurd Tel: (718) 499 7408. Fax: (978) 383 5579. 50th anniversary celebrations at Givat about this eccentric 32-year-old with his 'Killed In action'. Jewish refugee members Ram. In place of religious feeling a huge lack of rabbinic restraint. of No. 3 Troop, 10 Commando: MG Frank, white plastic dove was floated in the air He parties with the likes of Peter Eugen Von Kegerer-Stein, Kurt Glaser, Eli W pulled by a small boy. It became very Stringfellow at his book launches; he Nathan, Max Lewinsky, GA Barth & EG Weinberger. Relatives sought to confirm cold and there was only one blanket be­ wheels out Professor Stephen Hawking - Jewish ancestry to replace crosses on their tween three of us. Shmuely watched the whose scientific views on the universe graves with Stars of David. Contact Martin celebrations and put his head in his will scarcely reflect Orthodox Jewish Sugarman, AJEX House, Stamford Hill, Lon­ hands in despair. He sounded genuinely thinking - and sends you tickets for don N16 5RT upset by the lack of true Jewish values in which no seats are available. His conver­ GiJstrower residents from Mecklen­ the proceedings. He groaned as though sation is sharp as gunfire and his blue burg, Germany, require help! A team in in pain. A showman, I thought. Famously gaze is so penetrating that it is hard to GiJstrow is seeking Jewish ex-residents in or­ he missed his vodka. Then I asked him avoid it. der to compile a history of the Jews in our what messianism meant to him. Less Yet the author of Kosher Sex and the town. People whose families were born in glibly he replied: "the merging of oppo­ Jeivish Guide to Adultery has that type of the town, or who lived there. Is there anyone sites." charisma in which you can't tell whether who knows such people or has their ad­ dresses? Please write to us at Forderverein In London, just before the publication he is deadly serious or laughing at him­ Region Giistrow e.V., Rovertannen 12, 18273 of his book. Kosher Sex, he invited me self. It is a kind of innocence and a kind GiJstrow, Germany D and my family to attend one of his regu­ of ruthless self-motivation at the same

14 AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

Obit uaries

many. His tireless efforts won him the Eastern Front. He viewed Churchill as Ignatz Bubis unique personal public respect and a warmonger who had lost the Empire e had been born in Breslau in admiration, bordering sometimes on adu­ (many of whose constituent countries he 1927, the child of Ostjuden. In the lation. But did he succeed in furthering notoriously dubbed Bongo-Bongo-Land). H mid-thirties the Nazis drove the his all-important goal? He himself did Maybe his most fitting epitaph is the fact family back to Poland. A few years later, not seem to think so, according to an in­ that MI5 once bugged his phone, sus­ 3s occupiers of the country, they terview weeks before his death; a view pecting him of contacts with the National •"ounded them up for gassing at certainly overpessimistic, because he Front. n RG Treblinka. Ignatz alone, a strong lad, measured it against his grand aspira­ survived years of slave labour and was tions. For there were successes, not only eventually liberated by the Russians. in the increased public awareness but in Astonishingly, he opted to go back to the perception of hundreds of thousands Use Knopf Germany and settled in Frankfurt. Here of young people in schools and univer­ erlin bom Ilse Knopf, who has died he built up a property empire and was sities, to whom he tirelessly explained aged 84, was a dedicated AJR elected leader of the Je^\ish Community almost every day over the seven years of Bvolunteer for a dozen years. in 1983. In 1992 he became national his tenure, why it is necessary to learn Orphaned as a child she was brought leader of German Jewr>' with the aim of from the past. This is his unique contri­ up by relatives. She emigrated to England Achieving final German-Jewish reconcilia- bution towards a better future. before the war and worked for Mr hon. His decision to be buried in Israel D Ferdinand Dillmann Anderman, a fellow refugee. When he 'ndicates how far short he felt he had joined up Ilse transferred to a bank. fallen of that aim. D RG Postwar she went back to her first em­ ployer with whom she remained till her Alan Clark retirement. Ilse was alone in the world, hough a long-serving Member of except for one cousin in Zimbabwe who Aspiration of a visionary leader Parliament, Alan Clark had a paid her annual, eagerly anticipated, I'ou have got me all wrong", he once Tweakness for dictators even greater visits. Said to me, when I asked him why he than that for women. His book Operation At AJR, she originally helped with con­ ^ould go headfirst into another Barbarossa omits Stalin's disastrous cert preparations and then took on the Potentially risky development scheme refusal to heed any warnings of the responsibility for invoicing the advertisers Without any apparent need, having impending German attack in spring 1941. in AJR Information. A conscientious and achieved wealth and respect long ago. Clark also opposed Western protests methodical worker, she was popular with Money does not interest me, but I love about Brezhnev's treatment of dissidents. all. She celebrated her eightieth birthday 'o move things along". I did not quite But the dictator he esteemed most at our office, as the AJR was her second Relieve him then, but found out with highly was Hitler. In his eyes the Waffen home. hme that making money was not a SS had 'physical splendour' and he Her great sparetime interest was music. Sufficient outlet for his sheer endless named his favourite dog - Clark was a For years we attended Sunday morning energy. besotted dog lover - Eva Braun. Above chamber concerts at the Wigmore Hall to­ Working with him and for him for all he belaboured Churchill for having gether. almost 20 years, I was again and again denied Hitler a separate peace in autumn I have lost a dear friend and colleague. 'Impressed by his cool intellect, untain- 1941, when the latter had difficulties on D Marianne Herz ed by any formal education, coupled ^ith an eidetic memory and aptitude to eharm people of all origins, if need be THE WIENER LIBRARY y applying his working knowledge of Memorial Plaques ^^ least six languages. What made him This year marks the 60th anniversary of the Wiener Library in London. As part of our Jand out, however, in my opinion, was commemoration it has been decided to issue a limited number of 50 memorial plaques for h' s absolute integrity: once he had mounting in the Reading Room and Memorial Hall. Users of the Library have often remarked Agreed to something, formally or casu- that the existing plaques are among the most moving features of the Wiener Library. ^"y, he stuck to it, whether it was in his We hope that you will wish to join us in commemorating those who perished in the Holocaust •^terest or not. This explains also an as well as those members of the refugee community who have given so much to Britain. Each nusual degree of respect he enjoyed in plaque will be accompanied by a certificate, one copy of which will be preserved permanently ^e - occasionally somewhat shady - at the Library. "^•"Id of property wheeling and dealing. The Library offers two plaques to bear your personalised inscription: Being elected head of the German -•ewish community, he poured his for- • a rectangular brass plaque (125mm x 95mm) mounted on one of our bookcases at £250, "iidable personal resources almost • a circular plaque (130mm diameter) mounted in a more prominent position at £1,000. . 'delusively into his lifelong, but seem- For more information please contact Ben Barkow, Deputy Director, at: /'Sly unachievable, goal of reconciliation 4, Devonshire Street, LondonWlN 2BHTel: 0171 636 7247 etween Jews and non-Jews in Ger­

15 AJR INFORMATION OCTOBER 1999

over the world looking for the remaining NEWSROUND Tracing the Kinder children, but the trail went cold. In the t came in a green cardboard envelope. meantime Dr Cesarani interviewed other Post-war Polish property I gingerly picked the album out of the former kinder about their experiences, Poland's cabinet has agreed to return office in-tray, slid out the heavy vinyl recreating those years of danger, hope 50% of the value of property seized by I disc and gazed at the grooves. I knew I and loss. the state under Communism, reports the was looking at virtual living history: a Less than a fortnight before recording Jewish Chronicle. Negotiations are con­ radio programme made by the BBC in the programme, there was a message on tinuing with the Union of Jewish 1939 about the Kindertransport. my answerphone. The voice was a wom­ Communities in Poland and the World It had stayed, almost forgotten, in the an's. A tentative. South African-accented Jewish Restitution Organisation to main­ BBC archive in Broadcasting House for voice. "My name is Gitta Rossi-Zalmons, tain Jewish sites and over 1,000 60 years. Now I had been commissioned she said. "I believe you may be looking cemeteries. to produce an hour-long programme for for me." Indeed I was. Mrs Rossi-Zalmons Past remembered in Vienna Radio 4, to be presented by Dr David was the girl Brigitte, recorded in 1939- By The Second Generation Trust, started by Cesarani, Director of the Wiener Library. a stroke of luck she had seen a sign 1 Katherine Klinger, played a major part in The brief was simple: to trace the stories had taped on a noticeboard at the huge organising an international conference in of the children interviewed all those kindertransport reunion in London, or­ Vienna focusing on the aftermath of years ago. Carrying out the brief was not ganised by Bertha Leverton and Bea Nazism and the Holocaust in contem­ so simple. Green. porary Europe, and their effects on I started by listening to the 1939 pro­ We interviewed Mrs Rossi-Zalmons in succeeding generations. Participants gramme. Children in Flight. Producer her hotel room on the last day of her trip discussed how best the memory of the Robert Kemp and his team had travelled to England. She remembered that her Holocaust should be retained. to Dovercourt, a newly built holiday parents had heard her broadcast in Ger­ camp in Essex, in the bitter winter of many and wrote to her to say they were Austrian bani< agreement 1938-39 to interview the children who proud of her. And she told us of how she Bank Austria and Creditanstalt have had just arrived in the country. Only 13 honoured her mother, who had the cour­ agreed to compensate 70,000 holders of minutes of the original half-hour pro­ age to send her children out into the 'lost' accounts (and a possible further gramme had survived, but those few world alone. 24,000 around the world) in a $40 million precious minutes told the stories of the For me, the experience of hearing the settlement. Critics suggested that the children in their own words. voices of these children, 60 years apart, deal would allow many other Austrian Brigitte, Henrietta, Kathe, Lothar, was a profoundly moving one. As tor firms off the hook. Marianne and Irene read from scripts Henrietta, Kathe and Irene, perhaps one about their experiences in the camp. day they will come forward too and tell Slave labour compensation These were simple stories, heartbreaking the world their stories again. The former German industrial giant IG in their optimism and innocence. "I knew D Hugh Levinson Farben, which was split up by the this was the only way to help my par­ wartime allies in 1953, has proposed ents," said Kathe, "and I don't regret it." AJR STArr VACANCIES offering some £1 million compensation to Most of the children never saw their par­ ents again. surviving slave workers, thousands hav­ As a consequence of Internal ing been worked to death during WWII. We knew the identity of one of the re-organisation the following Protestors regard the fund as entirely children already. Lothar is now Leslie part-time (2/3 days per week) inadequate. Brent, a respected professor of immunol­ members of staff are being sought: ogy and one of the most eloquent and SECRETARY Audio secretary with know­ thoughtful of the former kinder. The oth­ South Africa's Holocaust centre ledge of MS Word & experience of working A Holocaust Centre has opened in Cape ers were more elusive. All we knew were for senior executives. Town. Its founders have been advised by the children's first names and their home­ Stephen Smith who established the Beth towns. We later discovered that the BBC BOOKKEEPER With sound technical experience & knowledge of Windows, Sage Shalom Centre in Nottinghamshire. In the had advised the children not to use their & Excel to record purchase, bank & nominal presence of Judge Richard Goldstone, surnames on the programme in case it entries & maintain spreadsheets. formerly of the International Court of endangered their parents who were still Human Rights in the Hague, Smith said under Nazi control. JOURNALIST, reporter & sub-editor for that not to remember the victims would There was a good lead for another AJR Information. Suit graduate with good English. DTP & magazine layout experience be "to commit them to a second death, name: Marianne had played piano on the advantageous. Some evening & weekend that of oblivion". 1939 programme, accompanying her reporting required. brother on the violin. He turned out to UN posting be the late virtuoso, Jurgen Hess. With Salaries negotiable according to experience Assistant Secretary of State Richard the help of the Kindertransport Associa­ Send CV to: Holbrooke has been appointed US tion of America, we found Marianne - Carol Rossen, Ambassador to the UN. He is the son of now Marion Hess - living in Seattle and AJR I Hampstead Gate, la Frognal, German-Jewish refugees and a former still playing piano. I arranged for a col­ Hampstead, London NW3 6AL ambassador to Germany. league there to interview her. Please indicate post for which you are applyi^i RDC We placed adverts in publications all

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