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Coccinelles De Vendée-Couleurs.Pub LE NATURALISTE VENDÉEN N° 11 : 61 – 67 61 Les Coccinelles de Vendée (France), état des connaissances et perspectives Stéphane CHARRIER Abstract: An inventory of the species of Coccinellidæ (Ladybirds) recorded in the department of Vendée (France) both be- fore and since 1980 is given. A supposition of each species' status is given, along with indications of frequency or geo- graphical distribution. Mots-clé : Coccinellidae, Coccinelles, liste d'espèces, Vendée (France). Key-words: Coccinellidae, Ladybirds, species list, Vendée (France). INTRODUCTION mophages (cochenilles, pucerons, phylloxeras…) ou phytophages. Les Coccinelles occupent des À l'heure où les questions de biodiversité oc- habitats très variés qui dépendent souvent de leur cupent de plus en plus de place dans la commu- régime alimentaire. nauté scientifique et dans les discours des pou- voirs publics, voici un inventaire préliminaire des espèces de Coccinelles de Vendée, famille de CAPTURE ET IDENTIFICATION Coléoptères bénéficiant d'une image favorable dans la mémoire populaire. On peut capturer les coccinelles en chassant à Nous présentons cet inventaire selon deux pé- vue, en utilisant un filet fauchoir pour les grami- riodes, avant 1980 et depuis 1980, afin de pou- nées et la végétation basse et en battant les bran- voir aborder la disparition de certaines espèces ches des arbres et arbustes pour les faire tomber. ou l'apparition de quelques autres parfois intro- L'identification n'est pas toujours facile car duites. les « patterns » sont variables et le nombre de Les collections publiques ou privées ont été points n'est pas un critère stable chez certaines consultées et inventoriées. Les mentions biblio- espèces. Les petites espèces de la sous-famille graphiques ont été prises en compte ainsi que les des Scymninae sont très variables et l'identifica- données récentes (jusqu'au 31 décembre 2012) tion passe souvent par la dissection pour examen transmises par quelques naturalistes. des pièces génitales [GOURREAU, 1974]. Quoi qu'il en soit, pour bien appréhender les espèces de cette famille, il faut être équipé d'une ÉLÉMENTS DE BIOLOGIE loupe binoculaire et avoir un peu de pratique, tant sur le terrain que sur la table de travail avec Les Coccinelles sont des petits insectes co- les échantillons. léoptères de couleurs vives et au corps convexe Quelques ouvrages sont utiles [BAUGNÉE & en général. De forme ronde ou ovale, les indivi- BRANQUART, 2000 ; GOURREAU, 1974 ; LE dus font de 1 mm à 10 mm. Le développement MONNIER & LIVORY, 2003 ; TOURRETTE & PER- est holométabole, c'est-à-dire à métamorphose ROT, 2006] et peuvent être complétés par une complète. Cela passe par quatre stades : l'œuf, la collection de référence. larve, la nymphe et l'imago. Le plus souvent il La nomenclature utilisée pour cette liste est n'y a qu'une génération annuelle. Les adultes hi- celle de Fauna europaea (http:// vernent en diapause. Larves et adultes sont ento- www.faunaeur.org/). © Les Naturalistes Vendéens 62 Stéphane CHARRIER LE NATURALISTE VENDÉEN N° 11 COCCINELLIDAE DE VENDÉE (1re partie) Nombre de données Statut actuel supposé Sous-famille avant depuis et commentaire total Espèce 1980 1980 Scymninae 1 Stethorus punctillum Weise, 1891 5 5 Très petite mais 2 Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794) 1 8 9 facilement reconnaissable 3 Nephus quadrimaculatus (Herbst, 1783) 1 2 3 4 Nephus redtenbacheri (Mulsant, 1846) 1 1 5 Scymnus apetzi Mulsant & Rey, 1846 4 2 6 6 Scymnus frontalis (Fabricius, 1787) 3 3 6 Parmi les plus communes 7 Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777) 16 16 des Scymninae 8 Scymnus mimulus Capra & Fürsch, 1967 7 7 9 Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) 2 13 15 10 Scymnus rufipes (Fabricius, 1798) 1 1 2 11 Scymnus (Neopullus) ater Kugelann, 1794 1 1 12 Scymnus (Neopullus) haemorrhoidalis Herbst, 1797 2 2 13 Scymnus (Pullus) auritus Thunberg, 1795 12 12 14 Scymnus (Pullus) ferrugatus (Moll, 1785) 3 3 15 Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus (Goeze, 1777) 3 3 16 Scymnus (Pullus) suturalis Thunberg, 1795 2 2 17 Hyperaspis campestris (Herbst, 1783) 2 1 3 Chilocorinae 18 Platynaspis luteorubra (Goeze, 1777) 4 8 12 Peu commune 19 Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linné, 1758) 8 21 29 Commune 20 Chilocorus renipustulatus (Scriba, 1791) 2 13 15 Assez commune 21 Exochomus nigromaculatus Goeze, 1777 1 2 3 Rare 22 Brumus (Exochomus) quadripustulatus (Linné, 1758) 13 26 39 Commune Coccidulinae 23 Coccidula rufa (Herbst, 1783) 7 3 10 Rare 24 Coccidula scutellata (Herbst, 1785) 4 4 Non signalée depuis 1933 25 Rhyzobius chrysomeloides (Herbst, 1793) 11 24 35 Commune 26 Rhyzobius forestieri (Mulsant, 1853) 4 4 Connue depuis 2011 27 Rhyzobius lophantae (Blaisdell, 1892) 2 2 Connue depuis 2008 28 Rhyzobius litura (Fabricius, 1787) 8 21 29 Commune Tabl. 1 (ci-dessus et p. 65) – Liste des espèces de Coccinelles de Vendée et évolution du nombre de données avant 1980 et depuis 1980 (état au 31 décembre 2012) Espèce rare : 0 à 5 données récentes ; peu commune : 6 à 10 ; assez commune : 11 à 20 ; commune : 21 à 50 ; très commune : plus de 50 Les Coccinelles de Vendée (France), état des connaissances et perspectives 63 1mm 1mm Clitostethus arcuatus Nephus quadrimaculatus Scymnus subvillosus Scymnus interruptus Scymnus auritus Scymnus ferrugatus Scymnus rubromaculatus Platynaspis luteorubra Chilocorus renipustulatus Brumus quadripustulatus Exochomus nigromaculatus Rhyzobius chrysomeloides Rhyzobius litura Rhyzobius forestieri Fig.1 – Quelques Coccinelles de Vendée appartenant aux sous-familles des Scymninae, Chilocorinae et Coccidulinae (photos : C. Goyaud) 64 Stéphane CHARRIER LE NATURALISTE VENDÉEN N° 11 Hippodamia tredecimpunctata Hippodamia variegata Adalia bipunctata Adalia decempunctata Coccinella septempunctata Coccinella undecimpunctata Oenopia conglobata Oenopia doublieri Harmonia quadripunctata Harmonia axyridis Myzia oblongoguttata 5 mm Calvia quatordecimguttata Propylea quatordecimpunctata Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata Vibidia Subcoccinella Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata Halyzia sedecimguttata duodecimguttata vigintiquatorpunctata Fig. 2 – Quelques Coccinelles de Vendée appartenant aux sous-familles des Coccinellinae, Psylloborinae et Epilachninae (photos : C. Goyaud) Les Coccinelles de Vendée (France), état des connaissances et perspectives 65 COCCINELLIDAE DE VENDÉE (2de partie) Nombre de données Statut actuel supposé Sous-famille avant depuis et commentaire total Espèce 1980 1980 Coccinellinae 29 Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Linné, 1758) 3 6 9 Peu commune 30 Hippodamia (Adonia) variegata (Goeze, 1777) 14 38 52 Commune 31 Hippodamia (Semiadalia) undecimnotata (Laicharting, 1781) 16 16 Non signalée depuis 1949 32 Anisosticta novemdecimpunctata (Linné, 1758) 2 4 6 Rare 33 Aphidecta obliterata (Linné, 1758) 2 1 3 Rare 34 Adalia bipunctata (Linné, 1758) 28 35 63 Commune 35 Adalia decempunctata (Linné, 1758) 42 66 108 Très commune partout 36 Coccinella magnifica Redtenbacher, 1843 8 8 Non signalée depuis 1959 37 Coccinella quinquepunctata Linné, 1758 2 2 Disparue ? 38 Coccinella septempunctata Linné, 1758 19 140 159 Très commune partout 39 Coccinella undecimpunctata Linné, 1758 4 14 18 Assez commune 40 Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata (Linné, 1758) 4 4 En régression ? 41 Oenopia conglobata (Linné, 1758) 14 24 38 Commune 42 Oenopia doublieri (Mulsant, 1846) 5 9 14 Sur les tamaris du littoral 43 Oenopia lyncea (Olivier, 1808) 1 1 Autrefois à l'Île d'Yeu 44 Harmonia quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763) 4 11 15 Assez commune Apparue probablement 45 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) 34 34 en 2009 46 Myrrha octodecimguttata (Linné, 1758) 2 4 6 Littoral. Rare 47 Myzia (Sospita) oblongoguttata (Linné, 1758) 9 9 18 Sur le littoral, peu commune Non signalée depuis 1946 48 Sospita vigintiguttata (Linné, 1758) 11 11 À rechercher sur les aulnes 49 Calvia (Calvia) decemguttata (Linné, 1758) 1 1 Jadis à La Roche-sur-Yon 50 Calvia (Anisocalvia) quatordecimguttata (Linné, 1758) 4 2 6 Rare Observée en 1943 51 Calvia (Anisocalvia) quindecimguttata (Fabricius, 1777) 1 1 En régression en France 52 Propylea quatordecimpunctata (Linné, 1758) 22 72 94 Très commune 53 Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (Linné, 1761) 19 35 54 Commune Psylloborinae 54 Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linné, 1758) 24 39 63 Commune 55 Halyzia sedecimguttata (Linné, 1758) 11 20 31 Assez commune 56 Vibidia duodecimguttata (Poda, 1761) 12 26 38 Commune Epilachninae 57 Henosepilachna argus (Geoffroy, 1762) 7 7 Sur Bryona cretica 58 Subcoccinella vigintiquatorpunctata (Linné, 1758) 10 46 56 Commune Nombre total de données 374 841 1215 Nombre total d'espèces 46 47 58 Nombre total d'espèces hors Scymninae 38 31 41 66 Stéphane CHARRIER LE NATURALISTE VENDÉEN N° 11 RÉSULTATS bétique, d'Anatis ocellata (Linné, 1758), Hype- raspis concolor Suffrian 1843, Hyperaspis gal- Les espèces appartenant à la sous-famille des liae Duverger 1989, Scymnus fulvicollis Mulsant Scymninae, en raison de leur petite taille et de la 1846, Scymnus limbatus Stephens 1831, Scym- difficulté que peut présenter leur identification, nus fraxini Mulsant 1850, Scymnus bivulnerus sont encore peu connues et le tableau 1 ne rend Capra & Fürsch 1967, Scymnus pallipediformis pas compte du statut réel de ces espèces mais apetzoides Capra & Fürsch 1967, Scymnus qua- fait état plutôt d'une sous-prospection que les driguttatus Capra 1924. prochaines années devraient combler. C'est D'autres espèces encore peuvent être mises pourquoi nous avons distingué deux totaux d'es- au rang de possible en Vendée : Nephus bipunc- pèces, avec et sans cette sous-famille. tatus (Kugelann, 1794), Nephus bisignatus On voit alors dans
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