Wikipedia beetles Dung beetles are beetles that feed on feces. Some species of dung beetles can bury dung times their own mass in one night. Many dung beetles, known as rollers , roll dung into round balls, which are used as a food source or breeding chambers. Others, known as tunnelers , bury the dung wherever they find it. A third group, the dwellers , neither roll nor burrow: they simply live in manure. They are often attracted by the dung collected by burrowing owls. There are dung beetle species of different colours and sizes, and some functional traits such as body mass or biomass and leg length can have high levels of variability. All the species belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea , most of them to the subfamilies Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae of the family Scarabaeidae scarab beetles. As most species of Scarabaeinae feed exclusively on feces, that subfamily is often dubbed true dung beetles. There are dung-feeding beetles which belong to other families, such as the Geotrupidae the earth-boring dung beetle. The Scarabaeinae alone comprises more than 5, species. The nocturnal African dung beetle Scarabaeus satyrus is one of the few known non-vertebrate animals that navigate and orient themselves using the Milky Way. Dung beetles are not a single taxonomic group; dung feeding is found in a number of families of beetles, so the behaviour cannot be assumed to have evolved only once. Dung beetles live in many habitats , including desert, grasslands and savannas , [9] farmlands , and native and planted forests. They are found on all continents except Antarctica. They eat the dung of herbivores and omnivores , and prefer that produced by the latter. One type living in Central America, Deltochilum valgum , is a carnivore preying upon millipedes. Dung beetles do not necessarily have to eat or drink anything else, because the dung provides all the necessary nutrients. Most dung beetles search for dung using their sensitive sense of smell. Some smaller species simply attach themselves to the dung-providers to wait for the dung. After capturing the dung, a dung beetle rolls it, following a straight line despite all obstacles. Sometimes, dung beetles try to steal the dung ball from another beetle, so the dung beetles have to move rapidly away from a dung pile once they have rolled their ball to prevent it from being stolen. Dung beetles can roll up to 10 times their weight. Male Onthophagus taurus beetles can pull 1, times their own body weight: the equivalent of an average person pulling six double-decker buses full of people. A species of dung beetle the African Scarabaeus zambesianus navigates by polarization patterns in moonlight , [13] the first animal known to do so. It does this to navigate. Cambefort and Hanski classified dung beetles into three functional types based on their feeding and nesting strategies such as — Rollers, Tunnelers and Dwellers. The "rollers" roll and bury a dung ball either for food storage or for making a brooding ball. In the latter case, two beetles, one male and one female, stay around the dung ball during the rolling process. Usually it is the male that rolls the ball, while the female hitch-hikes or simply follows behind. In some cases, the male and the female roll together. When a spot with soft soil is found, they stop and bury the ball, then mate underground. After the mating, one or both of them prepares the brooding ball. When the ball is finished, the female lays eggs inside it, a form of mass provisioning. Some species do not leave after this stage, but remain to safeguard their offspring. The dung beetle goes through a complete metamorphosis. The larvae live in brood balls made with dung prepared by their parents. During the larval stage, the beetle feeds on the dung surrounding it. The behavior of the beetles was poorly understood until the studies of Jean Henri Fabre in the late 19th century. For example, Fabre corrected the myth that a dung beetle would seek aid from other dung beetles when confronted by obstacles. By observation and experiment, he found the seeming helpers were in fact awaiting an opportunity to steal the roller's food source. They are widely used in ecological research as a good bioindicator group to examine the impacts of climate disturbances, such as extreme droughts [23] and associated fires, [24] and human activities on tropical biodiversity [25] [26] and ecosystem functioning, [27] such as seed dispersal, soil bioturbation and nutrient cycling. Dung beetles play a role in agriculture and tropical forests. By burying and consuming dung, they improve nutrient recycling and soil structure. Therefore, many countries have introduced the creatures for the benefit of animal husbandry. In developing countries , the beetles are especially important as an adjunct for improving standards of hygiene. An application has been made by Landcare Research to import up to 11 species of dung beetle into New Zealand. The African dung beetle D. The exotic species might be useful for controlling diseases of livestock in commercial areas, and might displace native species in modified landscapes; however, data is not conclusive about its effect on native species in natural environments and further monitoring is required. In Isan , Northeastern Thailand, the local people famously eat many different kinds of insects, including the dung beetle. The Mediterranean dung beetle Bubas bison has been used in conjunction with biochar stock fodder to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide , which are both greenhouse gases. The beetles work the biochar-enriched dung into the soil without the use of machines. Several species of the dung beetle, most notably the species Scarabaeus sacer often referred to as the sacred scarab , enjoyed a sacred status among the ancient Egyptians. It may have existential, fictional, or ontologic significance. The scarab was linked to Khepri "he who has come into being" , the god of the rising sun. The ancients believed that the dung beetle was only male-sexed, and reproduced by depositing semen into a dung ball. The supposed self-creation of the beetle resembles that of Khepri, who creates himself out of nothing. Moreover, the dung ball rolled by a dung beetle resembles the sun. Plutarch wrote:. The race of beetles has no female, but all the males eject their sperm into a round pellet of material which they roll up by pushing it from the opposite side, just as the sun seems to turn the heavens in the direction opposite to its own course, which is from west to east. The ancient Egyptians believed that Khepri renewed the sun every day before rolling it above the horizon, then carried it through the other world after sunset, only to renew it, again, the next day. Some New Kingdom royal tombs exhibit a threefold image of the sun god, with the beetle as symbol of the morning sun. The astronomical ceiling in the tomb of Ramses VI portrays the nightly "death" and "rebirth" of the sun as being swallowed by Nut , goddess of the sky, and re-emerging from her womb as Khepri. The image of the scarab, conveying ideas of transformation, renewal, and resurrection, is ubiquitous in ancient Egyptian religious and funerary art. Excavations of ancient Egyptian sites have yielded images of the scarab in bone , ivory , stone, Egyptian faience , and precious metals, dating from the Sixth Dynasty and up to the period of Roman rule. They are generally small, bored to allow stringing on a necklace, and the base bears a brief inscription or cartouche. Some have been used as seals. Pharaohs sometimes commissioned the manufacture of larger images with lengthy inscriptions, such as the commemorative scarab of Queen Tiye. Massive sculptures of scarabs can be seen at Luxor Temple , at the Serapeum in Alexandria see Serapis and elsewhere in Egypt. The scarab was of prime significance in the funerary cult of ancient Egypt. Scarabs, generally, though not always, were cut from green stone, and placed on the chest of the deceased. Perhaps the most famous example of such "heart scarabs" is the yellow-green pectoral scarab found among the entombed provisions of Tutankhamen. It was carved from a large piece of Libyan desert glass. The purpose of the "heart scarab" was to ensure that the heart would not bear witness against the deceased at judgement in the Afterlife. Other possibilities are suggested by the "transformation spells" of the Coffin Texts , which affirm that the soul of the deceased may transform xpr into a human being, a god, or a bird and reappear in the world of the living. One scholar comments on other traits of the scarab connected with the theme of death and rebirth:. It may not have gone unnoticed that the pupa, whose wings and legs are encased at this stage of development, is very mummy-like. It has even been pointed out that the egg-bearing ball of dung is created in an underground chamber which is reached by a vertical shaft and horizontal passage curiously reminiscent of Old Kingdom mastaba tombs. In contrast to funerary contexts, some of ancient Egypt's neighbors adopted the scarab motif for seals of varying types. The best-known of these being Judean LMLK seals 8 of 21 designs contained scarab beetles , which were used exclusively to stamp impressions on storage jars during the reign of Hezekiah. The scarab remains an item of popular interest thanks to modern fascination with the art and beliefs of ancient Egypt. Scarab beads in semiprecious stones or glazed ceramics can be purchased at most bead shops, while at Luxor Temple a massive ancient scarab has been roped off to discourage visitors from rubbing the base of the statue "for luck". Some dung beetles are used as food in South East Asia and a variety of dung beetle species have been used therapeutically and are still being used in traditionally living societies in potions and folk medicines to treat a number of illnesses and disorders. In Aesop's fable " The Eagle and the Beetle ", the eagle kills a hare that has asked for sanctuary with a beetle. The beetle then takes revenge by twice destroying the eagle's eggs. The eagle, in despair, flies up to Olympus and places her latest eggs in Zeus 's lap, beseeching the god to protect them. When the beetle finds out what the eagle has done, it stuffs itself with dung, goes straight up to Zeus and flies right into his face. Zeus is startled at the sight of the unpleasant creature, jumping to his feet so that the eggs are broken. Learning of the origin of their feud, Zeus attempts to mediate and, when his efforts to mediate fail, he changes the breeding season of the eagle to a time when the beetles are not above ground. Aristophanes alluded to Aesop's fable several times in his plays. In Peace , the hero rides up to Olympus to free the goddess Peace from her prison. His steed is an enormous dung beetle which has been fed so much dung that it has grown to monstrous size. Hans Christian Andersen 's "The Dung Beetle" tells the story of a dung beetle who lives in the stable of the king's horses in an imaginary kingdom. When he demands golden shoes like those the king's horse wears and is refused, he flies away and has a series of adventures, which are often precipitated by his feeling of superiority to other animals. He finally returns to the stable having decided against all logic that it is for him that the king's horse wears golden shoes. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Informal group of insects. For other uses, see Dung beetle disambiguation. Play media. Main article: Scarab artifact. Insects portal. Retrieved 21 April Bibcode : PLoSO.. Retrieved on BBC News. Retrieved 28 January Current Biology. Retrieved 28 March Archived from the original on University of Nebraska State Museum. Biota Neotropica. Insect Conservation and Diversity. National Geographic. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 22 September The Guardian. Bibcode : Natur. Science News. Retrieved 25 January Journal of Insect Physiology. New Zealand Journal of Entomology. Henri The Insect World of J. Henri Fabre. De Mattos, Alexander Teixeira translator. I ask myself in vain what Proudhon introduced into Scarabaean morality the daring paradox that 'property means plunder', or what diplomatist taught the Dung-beetle the savage maxim that 'might is right'. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. An Amazonian case study using dung beetles". Journal of Applied Ecology. Using fat stores to examine sublethal responses in dung beetles". Ecology and Evolution. Biological Conservation. Applied Soil Ecology. Archived from the original PDF on Retrieved Australian Meat Research Committee Review. Retrieved 12 December The New Zealand Herald. NZ Herald. Journal of Outrageous Speculation. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 October Mr Pow said his innovative farming system could help livestock producers become more profitable while helping to address the impact of climate change. Amulets of Ancient Egypt. Texas: University of Texas Press. January Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. The Beetle. Hans Andersen Forty-Two Stories. Faber and Faber. Categories : Coprophagous insects Scarabaeidae Polyphyletic groups Insect common names. Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September Articles with permanently dead external links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August Articles with unsourced statements from December Articles with unsourced statements from April Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Articles containing video clips. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Madateuchus viettei , Scarabaeidae in dry spiny forest close to Mangily , western Madagascar. Geotrupidae Scarabaeinae Aphodiinae. Wikispecies has information related to Scarabaeinae. Wikispecies has information related to Aphodiinae. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dung beetles. Entomologists prefer the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles as these insects are not classified as true bugs. The majority of coccinellid species are generally considered useful insects, because many species prey on herbivorous homopterans such as aphids or scale insects , which are agricultural pests. Many coccinellids lay their eggs directly in aphid and scale insect colonies in order to ensure their larvae have an immediate food source. Usually, epilachnines are only minor agricultural pests, eating the leaves of grain, potatoes, beans, and various other crops, but their numbers can increase explosively in years when their natural enemies, such as parasitoid wasps that attack their eggs, are few. In such situations, they can do major crop damage. They occur in practically all the major crop-producing regions of temperate and tropical countries. The name coccinellids is derived from the Latin word coccineus meaning "scarlet". Coccinellids are often conspicuously coloured yellow, orange, or red with small black spots on their wing covers , with black legs, heads and antennae. There is, however, great variation in these colour patterns. For example, a minority of species, such as Vibidia duodecimguttata , a twelve-spotted species, have whitish spots on a brown background. Coccinellids are found worldwide, with over 6, species described. Most coccinellids have round to elliptical, dome-shaped bodies with six short legs. Depending on the species, they can have spots, stripes, or no markings at all. Seven-spotted coccinellids are red or orange with three spots on each side and one in the middle; they have a black head with white patches on each side. As well as the usual yellow and deep red colourings, many coccinellid species are mostly, or entirely, black, dark grey, gray, or brown, and may be difficult for non-entomologists to recognise as coccinellids at all. Conversely, non-entomologists might easily mistake many other small beetles for coccinellids. For example, the tortoise beetles , like the ladybird beetles, look similar because they are shaped so that they can cling to a flat surface so closely that ants and many other enemies cannot grip them. Non-entomologists are prone to misidentify a wide variety of beetle species in other families as "ladybirds", i. Beetles are particularly prone to such misidentification if they are spotted in red, orange or yellow and black. Examples include the much larger scarabaeid grapevine beetles and spotted species of the Chrysomelidae , Melyridae and others. Conversely, laymen may fail to identify unmarked species of Coccinellidae as "ladybirds". Other beetles that have a defensive hemispherical shape, like that of the Coccinellidae for example the Cassidinae , also are often taken for ladybirds. A common error, totally unfounded, is that the number of spots on the insect's back indicates its age. In some species its appearance is fixed by the time it emerges from its pupa , though in most it may take some days for the colour of the adult beetle to mature and stabilise. Generally, the mature colour tends to be fuller and darker than the colour of the callow. Paraplectana tsushimensis is an Asian spider that mimics ladybirds. Brumoides suturalis is longitudinally striped. Unusual for a Coccinellid, the mature Rhyzobius chrysomeloides is brown and unspotted. Coccinella transversalis , elytra in the open position. A specimen of Harmonia axyridis in South Africa, freshly out of its pupa. Its black spots will develop as its exoskeleton hardens. Henosepilachna guttatopustulata , an herbivore and one of the largest ladybirds, feeding on a potato leaf. This yellow-shouldered ladybird Apolinus lividigaster feeding on an aphid. Coccinella septempunctata. Full wings of a Harmonia axyridis taking flight. A twenty-two spot ladybird Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata. A Scymnus sp. Coccinellids are best known as predators of Sternorrhyncha such as aphids and scale insects , but the range of prey species that various Coccinellidae may attack is much wider. A genus of small black ladybirds, Stethorus , presents one example of predation on non-Sternorrhyncha; they specialise in mites as prey, notably Tetranychus spider mites. Stethorus species accordingly are important in certain examples of biological control. Various larger species of Coccinellidae attack caterpillars and other beetle larvae. As a family, the Coccinellidae used to be regarded as purely carnivorous, [20] but they are now known to be far more omnivorous than previously thought, both as a family and in individual species; examination of gut contents of apparently specialist predators commonly yield residues of pollen and other plant materials. Besides the prey they favour, most predatory coccinellids include other items in their diets, including honeydew, pollen, plant sap, nectar, and various fungi. The significance of such nonprey items in their diets is still under investigation and discussion. Apart from the generalist aphid and scale predators and incidental substances of botanical origin, many Coccinellidae do favour or even specialise in certain prey types. This makes some of them particularly valuable as agents in biological control programmes. Determination of specialisation need not be a trivial matter, though; for example the larva of the Vedalia ladybird Rodolia cardinalis is a specialist predator on a few species of Monophlebidae , in particular Icerya purchasi , which is the most notorious of the cottony cushion scale species. However, the adult R. Certain species of coccinellids are thought to lay extra infertile eggs with the fertile eggs, apparently to provide a backup food source for the larvae when they hatch. The ratio of infertile to fertile eggs increases with scarcity of food at the time of egg laying. Such a strategy amounts to the production of trophic eggs. Some species in the subfamily Epilachninae are herbivores , and can be very destructive agricultural pests e. Again, in the subfamily Coccinellinae, members of the tribe Halyziini and the genus Tythaspis are mycophagous. While predatory species are often used as biological control agents, introduced species of coccinellids are not necessarily benign. Species such as Harmonia axyridis or Coccinella septempunctata in North America outcompete and displace native coccinellids and become pests themselves. The main predators of coccinellids are usually birds, but they are also the prey of frogs, wasps, spiders, and dragonflies. The bright colours of many coccinellids discourage some potential predators from making a meal of them. This phenomenon, called aposematism , works because predators learn by experience to associate certain prey phenotypes with a bad taste. A further defence, known as " reflex bleeding ", exists in which an alkaloid toxin is exuded through the joints of the exoskeleton, triggered by mechanical stimulation such as by predator attack in both larval and adult beetles, deterring feeding. Coccinellids in temperate regions enter diapause during the winter, so they often are among the first insects to appear in the spring. Some species e. Most coccinellids overwinter as adults, aggregating on the south sides of large objects such as trees or houses during the winter months, dispersing in response to increasing day length in the spring. Predatory coccinellids are usually found on plants which harbour their prey. They lay their eggs near their prey, to increase the likelihood the larvae will find the prey easily. In Harmonia axyridis , eggs hatch in three to four days from clutches numbering from a few to several dozen. Depending on resource availability, the larvae pass through four instars over 10—14 days, after which pupation occurs. After a teneral period of several days, the adults become reproductively active and are able to reproduce again later, although they may become reproductively quiescent if eclosing late in the season. Total life span is one to two years on average. The distribution maps, compiled over a year period with help from thousands of volunteers, showed a decline in the numbers of the common spot and spot ladybirds and a number of other species, including the spot, spot, cream-spot, water and hieroglyphic ladybirds , Coccidula rufa, Rhyzobius litura and Nephus redtenbacheri. Conversely, increases were seen in the numbers of harlequin, orange, pine, and spot ladybirds, as well as Rhyzobius chrysomeloides. The kidney spot ladybird was recorded in Scotland for the first time in recent years, and the spot was found to have recolonised Cornwall , Devon , and the New Forest. An 'explosion' in the number of orange ladybirds, which feed on mildew, is thought to have been due to the warmer, damper conditions that now prevail in parts of England. In North America, coccinellids usually begin to appear indoors in the autumn when they leave their summer feeding sites in fields, forests, and yards and search out places to spend the winter. Swarms of coccinellids fly to buildings in September through November depending on location and weather conditions. Homes or other buildings near fields or woods are particularly prone to infestation. After an abnormally long period of hot, dry weather in the summer of in the UK , a marked increase in the aphid population was followed by a "plague" of ladybirds, with many reports of people being bitten as the supply of aphids dwindled. The presence of coccinellids in grape harvests can cause ladybird taint in wines produced from the grapes. Harmonia axyridis the harlequin ladybird was introduced into North America from Asia in to control aphids, but it is now the most common species, outcompeting many of the native species. It has similarly arrived in parts of Africa, where it has proved variously unwelcome, perhaps most prominently in vine-related crops. Ladybirds have long been of interest to children. Barnabas' feast in June, when the insect appears, or a corruption of "Bishop-that-burneth", from the fiery elytra of the beetles. The ladybird was immortalised in the popular children's nursery rhyme Ladybird Ladybird :. Ladybird, ladybird, fly away home Your house is on fire and your children are gone All except one, and that's Little Anne For she has crept under the warming pan. Many cultures consider ladybirds lucky and have nursery rhymes or local names for the insects that reflect this. In many countries, including Russia, Turkey, and Italy, the sight of a coccinellid is either a call to make a wish or a sign that a wish will soon be granted. In Christian areas, they are often associated with the Virgin Mary , and the name that the insect bears in the various languages of Europe corresponds to this. In both Hebrew and Yiddish , it is called " Moshe Rabbenu 's i. Occasionally, it is called "little Messiah ". The insects have been used to symbolise Ladybird Books part of Penguin Group , [43] [44] and the Ladybird range of children's clothing sold by the former high street chain Woolworth's in the UK, [45] while the ladybird street tile is a symbol against senseless violence in the Netherlands, and is often placed on the sites of deadly crimes. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Family of beetles. For other uses, see Lady Bug disambiguation. For other uses, see Ladybird disambiguation. Play media. A coccinellid photographed freshly out of its pupa, and two and four hours later. Larva of Harmonia axyridis eating another one that was beginning to pupate. See also: List of Coccinellidae genera. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 July Retrieved 9 March The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford: Clarendon Press. July Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. A field guide to the beetles of North America. Peterson Field Guide Series Retrieved 4 October The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. UK Ladybird survey. Archived from the original on 1 July Retrieved 15 October Our Lady's Bug. Archived from the original on 15 December Pelagic publishing. Featured creatures. University of Florida. Retrieved 8 April Are You A Ladybug? Retrieved 14 February The source for Ladybug Stuff! Retrieved 22 June Retrieved 17 June Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Retrieved 13 November Mechanisms of Prey Selection in the Ladybeetle Coleomegilla maculata. Department of Natural Resource Sciences. London: Trustees of the British Museum. New record of predatory ladybird beetle Coleoptera, Coccinellidae feeding on extrafloral nectaries. Van Driesche. Evaluating host specificity of agents for biological control of arthropods: rationale, methodology and interpretation, pp. In Van Driesche, R. Heard, A. McClay, and R. Reardon eds. Bozeman, Montana. Roitberg Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Honek, Z. Pekar European Journal of Entomology. Archived from the original PDF on 9 November Retrieved 8 December Retrieved 24 December Ladybirds Coccinellidae of Britain and Ireland. The Field Studies Council. The Guardian. Guardian Newspapers ltd. The Northern Echo. Archived from the original on 4 July The Drinks Business. Union Press Ltd. Retrieved 21 June BBC News. The Harlequin ladybird survey. Archived from the original on 30 November Archived from the original on 24 December The Independent. Roache Ladybug, Ladybug: What's in a Name? The Coleopterists Bulletin 14 1 Notes and Queries. Council of Europe. Retrieved 21 September Retrieved 15 September Extant Coleoptera families. Suborder Archostemata. Crowsoniellidae Crowsoniella relicta Cupedidae reticulated beetles Jurodidae Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae Micromalthidae telephone-pole beetle Ommatidae. Suborder Adephaga. Amphizoidae trout-stream beetles Aspidytidae Carabidae ground beetles Dytiscidae predaceous diving beetles Gyrinidae whirligig beetles Haliplidae crawling water beetles Hygrobiidae Meruidae Meru phyllisae Noteridae burrowing water beetles Rhysodidae wrinkled bark beetles Trachypachidae false ground beetles. Suborder Myxophaga. Hydroscaphidae skiff beetles Lepiceridae Sphaeriusidae Torridincolidae. Suborder Polyphaga. Bostrichidae auger beetles Dermestidae skin beetles Jacobsoniidae Jacobson's beetles Nosodendridae wounded-tree beetles Ptiniidae furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles. Derodontidae tooth-necked fungus beetles. Cerambycidae longhorn beetles Chrysomelidae leaf beetles Disteniidae Megalopodidae Orsodacnidae Oxypeltidae Vesperidae. Acanthocnemidae Acanthocnemus nigricans Chaetosomatidae Cleridae checkered beetles Mauroniscidae Melyridae soft-wing flower beetles Metaxinidae Phloiophilidae Phloiophilus edwardsi Phycosecidae Prionoceridae Thanerocleridae Trogossitidae bark-gnawing beetles. Alexiidae Biphyllidae false skin beetles Boganiidae Bothrideridae dry bark beetles Byturidae fruitworm beetles Cavognathidae Cerylonidae minute bark beetles Coccinellidae lady beetles, or God's cows Corylophidae minute fungus beetles Cryptophagidae silken fungus beetles Cucujidae flat bark beetles Cyclaxyridae Discolomatidae Endomychidae handsome fungus beetles Erotylidae pleasing fungus beetles Helotidae Hobartiidae Kateretidae short-winged flower beetles Laemophloeidae lined flat bark beetles Lamingtoniidae Lamingtonium binnaberrense Latridiidae minute brown scavenger beetles Monotomidae root-eating beetles Myraboliidae Nitidulidae sap beetles Passandridae parasitic flat bark beetles Phalacridae shining flower beetles Phloeostichidae Propalticidae Protocucujidae Silvanidae silvanid flat bark beetles Smicripidae palmetto beetles Sphindidae dry-fungus beetles. Anthribidae fungus weevils Attelabidae leaf-rolling weevils Belidae primitive weevils Brentidae straight snout weevils, New York weevil Caridae Curculionidae true weevils, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles Nemonychidae pine flower weevils. Lymexylidae ship-timber beetles. Aderidae ant-like leaf beetles Anthicidae ant-like flower beetles Archeocrypticidae cryptic fungus beetles Boridae conifer bark beetles Chalcodryidae Ciidae minute tree-fungus beetles Melandryidae false darkling beetles Meloidae blister beetles Mordellidae tumbling flower beetles Mycetophagidae hairy fungus beetles Mycteridae palm and flower beetles Oedemeridae false blister beetle Perimylopidae, or Promecheilidae Prostomidae jugular-horned beetles Pterogeniidae Pyrochroidae fire-coloured beetles Pythidae dead log bark beetles Ripiphoridae wedge-shaped beetles Salpingidae narrow-waisted bark beetles Scraptiidae false flower beetles Stenotrachelidae false longhorn beetles Synchroidae synchroa bark beetles Tenebrionidae darkling beetles Tetratomidae polypore fungus beetles Trachelostenidae Trictenotomidae Ulodidae Zopheridae ironclad beetles, cylindrical bark beetles. Buprestidae jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles Schizopodidae. Byrrhidae pill beetles Callirhipidae cedar beetles Chelonariidae turtle beetles Cneoglossidae Dryopidae long-toed water beetles Elmidae riffle beetles Eulichadidae forest stream beetles Heteroceridae variegated mud-loving beetles Limnichidae minute mud beetles Lutrochidae travertine beetles Psephenidae water-penny beetles Ptilodactylidae. Dascillidae soft bodied plant beetles Rhipiceridae cicada beetle, cicada parasite beetles. Artematopodidae soft-bodied plant beetles Brachypsectridae Texas beetles Cantharidae soldier beetles Cerophytidae rare click beetles Elateridae click beetles Eucnemidae false click beetles Jurasaidae Lampyridae fireflies Lycidae net-winged beetles Omethidae false fireflies, long-lipped beetles Phengodidae glowworm beetles Podabrocephalidae Rhagophthalmidae Sinopyrophoridae Throscidae false metallic wood-boring beetles. Rhinorhipidae Rhinorhipus tamborinensis. Clambidae Decliniidae Declinia relicta Eucinetidae plate-thigh beetles Scirtidae. Belohinidae Belohina inexpectata Diphyllostomatidae false stag beetles Geotrupidae dor beetles Glaphyridae bumble bee scarab beetles Glaresidae enigmatic scarab beetles Hybosoridae scavenger scarab beetles Lucanidae stag beetles Ochodaeidae sand-loving scarab beetles Passalidae betsy beetles Pleocomidae rain beetles Scarabaeidae scarabs Trogidae hide beetles. Histeridae clown beetles Sphaeritidae false clown beetles Synteliidae. Epimetopidae Georissidae minute mud-loving beetles Helophoridae Hydrochidae Hydrophilidae water scavenger beetles Spercheidae. Agyrtidae primitive carrion beetles Hydraenidae Leiodidae round fungus beetles Ptiliidae feather-winged beetles Silphidae carrion beetles Staphylinidae rove beetles. List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera. Human interactions with insects. Insects in art Beetlewing Arthropods in film Insects in literature Insects in music List of insect-inspired songs Insects on stamps. Fishing bait Fly fishing Artificial fly Fly tying. 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Hidden categories: CS1: Julian—Gregorian uncertainty All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from January Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from February Articles with 'species' microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May Articles with unsourced statements from December Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Articles containing video clips. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read View source View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies. Coccinella magnifica. Look up ladybird in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coccinellidae. Wikispecies has information related to Coccinellidae. Suborder Archostemata Crowsoniellidae Crowsoniella relicta Cupedidae reticulated beetles Jurodidae Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae Micromalthidae telephone-pole beetle Ommatidae. Suborder Adephaga Extant families Amphizoidae trout-stream beetles Aspidytidae Carabidae ground beetles Dytiscidae predaceous diving beetles Gyrinidae whirligig beetles Haliplidae crawling water beetles Hygrobiidae Meruidae Meru phyllisae Noteridae burrowing water beetles Rhysodidae wrinkled bark beetles Trachypachidae false ground beetles. Suborder Polyphaga Bostrichiformia Bostrichoidea Bostrichidae auger beetles Dermestidae skin beetles Jacobsoniidae Jacobson's beetles Nosodendridae wounded-tree beetles Ptiniidae furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles. Buprestoidea Buprestidae jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles Schizopodidae. Scarabaeoidea Belohinidae Belohina inexpectata Diphyllostomatidae false stag beetles Geotrupidae dor beetles Glaphyridae bumble bee scarab beetles Glaresidae enigmatic scarab beetles Hybosoridae scavenger scarab beetles Lucanidae stag beetles Ochodaeidae sand-loving scarab beetles Passalidae betsy beetles Pleocomidae rain beetles Scarabaeidae scarabs Trogidae hide beetles. Histeroidea Histeridae clown beetles Sphaeritidae false clown beetles Synteliidae. In the arts Insects in art Beetlewing Arthropods in film Insects in literature Insects in music List of insect-inspired songs Insects on stamps. Beatles for Sale is the fourth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. The album marked a departure from the upbeat tone that had characterised the Beatles' previous work, partly due to the band's exhaustion after a series of tours that had established them as a worldwide phenomenon in Beatles for Sale was not widely available in the US until , when the Beatles' catalogue was standardised for release on CD. Instead, eight of the album's fourteen tracks appeared on Capitol Records ' concurrent release, Beatles '65 , issued in North America only. During the sessions, the band ventured into studio experimentation, such as employing a fade-in and incorporating guitar feedback , and supplemented the basic recordings with percussion instruments such as timpani , African hand drums and chocalho. The album reflects the twin influences of country music and Bob Dylan , whom the Beatles met in New York in August Partly as a result of the group's hectic schedule, only eight of the tracks are original compositions, with cover versions of songs by artists such as Carl Perkins , Chuck Berry , Buddy Holly and Little Richard being used to complete the album. The original songs introduced darker musical moods and more introspective lyrics, with John Lennon adopting an autobiographical perspective in " I'm a Loser " and " No Reply ". Beatles for Sale received favourable reviews in the UK musical press, where it held the number one spot for 11 of the 46 weeks that it spent in the top The album was similarly successful in Australia, where the band's cover of Berry's " Rock and Roll Music " also topped the singles chart. One of the songs omitted from the US version of the album, " Eight Days a Week ", became the Beatles' seventh number one in the US when issued as a single there in February When Beatles for Sale was being recorded, Beatlemania was at its peak. Over June and July, the band played concerts in Denmark, the Netherlands and Hong Kong, toured Australia and New Zealand, [6] and then returned to Britain for a series of radio and television engagements and to promote their first feature film, A Hard Day's Night. Through Dylan's example, the Beatles, particularly John Lennon , [9] were encouraged to write more introspective lyrics than before. Beatles for Sale was the Beatles' fourth album release in the space of 21 months. But that's what the Beatles did at the end of If the record company needs another album, you go and make one. One must remember that they'd been battered like mad throughout , and much of Success is a wonderful thing but it is very, very tiring. Although prolific, the songwriting partnership of Lennon and Paul McCartney was unable to keep up with the demand for new material. The album features eight Lennon—McCartney compositions. He also comments that Dylan's acoustic folk sound was a style that the Beatles tended to identify as country music. McCartney later said that Beatles for Sale inaugurated a more mature phase for the band, whereby: "We got more and more free to get into ourselves. Our student selves rather than 'we must please the girls and make money' …" [39] According to author Peter Doggett , this period coincided with Lennon and McCartney being feted by London society, from which the pair found inspiration among a network of non-mainstream writers, poets, comedians, film-makers and other arts-related individuals. Doggett says that their social milieu in represented "new territory for pop" and a challenge to British class delineation as the Beatles introduced an "arty middle-class" sensibility to pop music. The majority of the recording sessions took place during a three-week period beginning on 29 September, following the band's return from the US tour. Much of the production was done on "days off" from performances in the UK, and much of the songwriting was completed in the studio. George Harrison recalled that the band had become more sophisticated about recording techniques: "Our records were progressing. We'd started out like anyone spending their first time in a studio — nervous and naive and looking for success. They were also allowed greater freedom to experiment by the record company and by George Martin, who was gradually relinquishing his position of authority over the Beatles, as their label boss, throughout , and was increasingly open to their non-standard musical ideas. The band introduced new instrumentation into their basic sound, as a way to illustrate the more nuanced style adopted by Lennon in his lyric writing. Recording was completed on 26 October, [49] partway through the band's four-week tour of the UK. MacDonald attributes effectiveness to the acoustic guitar backing and the treatment given to Martin's piano part, which is rendered as "a darkly reverbed presence" rather than a distinct instrument. Music critic Richie Unterberger singles out " I'm a Loser " as "one of the very first Beatles compositions with lyrics addressing more serious points than young love". As the third track on the album, " Baby's in Black " conveys the same sad and resentful outlook of the two preceding songs. McCartney recalled: "'Baby's in Black' we did because we liked waltz -time And I think also John and I wanted to do something bluesy , a bit darker, more grown-up, rather than just straight pop. McCartney recalled in a interview: "I wrote that in my front parlour in Forthlin Road. I was about So I think songs like 'I'll Follow the Sun', ballads like that, got pushed back to later. Each of the first six takes featured a strikingly different approach to the beginning and end sections of the song; the eventual chiming guitar-based introduction was recorded during a different session and edited in later. The song's opening fade-in served as a counterpoint to pop songs that close with a fade out. The dark theme of the album was balanced by " Every Little Thing ", which Unterberger describes as a "celebration of what a wonderful girl the guy has". It didn't have quite what was required. Lennon's " I Don't Want to Spoil the Party " returns to the sombre mood established by the opening three tracks. MacDonald likens the effect to "I'm a Loser", in that Lennon's confessional tone is again couched in "a protective shell of pastiche". The lyrics of " What You're Doing " concern McCartney's relationship with Jane Asher [78] and demonstrate an aggrieved tone that was uncharacteristic of his writing. Several of the album's cover versions had been staples of the Beatles' live shows in Hamburg and at The Cavern Club in Liverpool during the early s. Moonlight ", which was originally recorded by Dr. Feelgood and the Interns , was Lennon's "beloved obscurity", according to Erlewine, [1] and the subject of a remake towards the end of the Beatles for Sale sessions. Moonlight", but was omitted from the album. You can sing it better than that, man! Come on, come on! Really throw it! The downbeat mood of Beatles for Sale was reflected in the album cover, [91] which shows the unsmiling, weary-looking Beatles [34] [92] in an autumn scene in London's Hyde Park. Beatles for Sale was presented in a gatefold sleeve — a rare design feature for a contemporary pop LP [94] and the first of the Beatles' UK releases to be packaged in this way. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. According to music journalist Neil Spencer , the album's title was an apt comment on the band's unprecedented commercial value as entertainers, given the wealth of Beatles-related merchandise introduced over the previous year. There's priceless history between these covers. When, in a generation or so, a radioactive , cigar-smoking child, picnicking on Saturn , asks you what the Beatle affair was all about, don't try to explain all about the long hair and the screams! Just play them a few tracks from this album and he'll probably understand. The kids of AD will draw from the music much the same sense of well being and warmth as we do today. After being again displaced by The Rolling Stones No. Beatles '65 was released eleven days after Beatles for Sale and became the fastest-selling album of the year in the United States. The cover of the Australian release of the LP featured individual photographs of the Beatles taken at one of the group's Sydney concerts in June On 26 February , Beatles for Sale was officially released on compact disc catalogue number CDP 7 2 , as were the band's first three albums. Even though Beatles for Sale was recorded on four-track tape, the first CD version was available only in mono. The album received favourable reviews in the UK musical press. In a more recent assessment, Q found the album title to hold a "hint of cynicism" in depicting the Beatles as a "product" to be sold. Tom Ewing of Pitchfork Media said, "Lennon's anger and the band's rediscovery of rock 'n' roll mean For Sale' s reputation as the group's meanest album is deserved". Moonlight' easy to forgive. Beatles for Sale was ranked the 71st-best album in the edition of Paul Gambaccini 's book Critic's Choice , [] based on submissions from an international panel of 81 critics and broadcasters. All tracks are written by Lennon—McCartney , except where noted. According to Ian MacDonald: []. BPI certification awarded only for sales since From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rock pop folk rock [1] rock and roll [2] country [3] [4]. In the case of those two love songs, MacDonald says the form of address conveyed "the casual etiquette of a coolly unromantic new age". Similarly, Starr replaced Lennon as the singer of "Honey Don't". Penniman Venice Mus. P Retrieved 8 April Archived from the original on 9 November Retrieved 11 January BBC Music. Retrieved 11 April Retrieved 4 April London: Pan Books. Retrieved 10 April Official Charts Company. Retrieved 8 October Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 1 January The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 April World Charts. Archived from the original on 31 July Retrieved 27 June Retrieved 8 November The A. Archived from the original on 22 May Retrieved 26 May Archived from the original on 4 May Consequence of Sound. The Daily Telegraph. Music Story. Archived from the original on 19 June Retrieved 5 April July Melody Maker. Available at Rock's Backpages subscription required. Retrieved 5 June Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved 12 November — via chicagotribune. Virgin Books. Australian Chart Book — Turramurra: Australian Chart Book. GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 16 May UK Albums Chart. Hung Medien. Retrieved 12 June Retrieved 28 June Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on 10 August Retrieved 15 September Music Canada. Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 14 April British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Recording Industry Association of America. BBC News. Retrieved 4 September Babiuk, Andy Badman, Keith London: Omnibus Press. The Beatles The Beatles Anthology. Brackett, Nathan; with Hoard, Christian eds Doggett, Peter London: The Bodley Head. Everett, Walter Gould, Jonathan London: Piatkus. Hertsgaard, Mark The Encyclopedia of Country Music 2nd edn. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list link Larkin, Colin ed. The Encyclopedia of Popular Music 4th edn. London: Oxford University Press. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list link Lewisohn, Mark The Complete Beatles Chronicle. Chronicle Press. Lewisohn, Mark []. London: Bounty Books. MacDonald, Ian Miles, Barry New York: Henry Holt and Company. Norman, Philip []. New York, NY: Fireside. Philo, Simon Riley, Tim []. Rowley, David Beatles for Sale. Mainstream Publishing. Schaffner, Nicholas The Beatles Forever. Sounes, Howard London: HarperCollins. Spencer, Neil London: Emap. Talevski, Nick The Encyclopedia of Rock Obituaries. Unterberger, Richie b. Retrieved 7 November Unterberger, Richie e. Unterberger, Richie Winn, John C. Womack, Kenneth New York, NY: Continuum. Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt. The Beatles album discography. Albums in the core catalogue are marked in bold. The Beatles Meet the Beatles! Naked Love. UK best-selling albums by year — UK Christmas number-one albums. Authority control MBRG : f50a3b6ffbd3fdcd Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. A Hard Day's Night Beatles for Sale Cover for the Australian Parlophone LP. B []. A— []. Encyclopedia of Popular Music. The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Moonlight " Roy Lee Johnson. German Albums Offizielle Top []. Dutch Albums Album Top []. UK Albums Chart []. Belgian Albums Ultratop Flanders []. Belgian Albums Ultratop Wallonia []. Finnish Albums Suomen virallinen lista []. Swedish Albums Sverigetopplistan []. Swiss Albums Schweizer Hitparade []. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Beatles for Sale. MBRG : f50a3b6ffbd3fdcd In their native United Kingdom, between and , the English rock band the Beatles released 12 studio albums , 13 extended plays EPs and 22 singles. However, the band's international discography is complicated, due to different versions of their albums sometimes being released in other countries, particularly during their early years on Capitol Records in North America. The Beatles' discography was originally released on the vinyl format, with full-length long plays LPs , shorter EPs and singles. Although their output has come to include vault items and remixed mash-ups , the Beatles' "core catalogue", recorded between and , comprises songs. Most of the Beatles' albums were released in both mono and stereo. Since mono record players were the most common at the time, the Beatles and their regular producer, George Martin , originally gave more time and attention to preparing the mono mixes of their recordings. The Beatles had involved themselves in creating only the mono mixes for the first four albums; the stereo mixes were prepared without their supervision. Parlophone and Capitol catalogue numbers continued to be used for contractual reasons. The first four albums were released in mono only, while the remaining albums were issued in stereo only. However, the sound of the digital transfers of the discs, produced by Martin using the best equipment available during the early days of the format, no longer meets the standards achievable with 21st-century techniques. Thus, from to , the original recordings were remastered using the latest technology, and Apple and EMI released this version of the Beatles' catalogue on CD on 9 September in mono and stereo. With the first CD releases of their albums, the Beatles' core catalogue was harmonised worldwide to encompass their original UK studio albums released in —, the US Magical Mystery Tour LP and the Past Masters compilation, the latter two of which include the recordings released in — that are not present on the UK albums mainly non-album singles and B-sides. Since then, other past releases have been reissued in digital formats and on vinyl. The Beatles' Second Album. Jolly What! The Beatles' First Polydor. Something New. Beatles For Sale. Magical Mystery Tour EP. Hey Jude Apple. A Hard Day's Night. The Beatles released seven consecutive Christmas records on flexi disc for members of their UK and US fan clubs, from to , ranging in length between and These short collections had a mix of spoken and musical messages for their official fan clubs. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Cataloguing of published recordings by The Beatles. With the Beatles and in France as Les Beatles. The core catalogue uses the UK version. Parlophone instead issued a double EP. Parlophone eventually issued the album in the UK on 19 November It did not chart in Australia until October The combined set was released on CD on 9 September I Love You. It did not chart there and is not considered an "official" UK single. Capitol however continued to create additional albums from singles, EP tracks, and previously unused album tracks, specifically Magical Mystery Tour and Hey Jude. Further information: The Beatles in film. The Beatles in the U. London: Virgin Books. Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 4 October Retrieved 19 July Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 13 December Retrieved 3 January Kent, David Australian Chart Book — Turramurra: Australian Chart Book. Archived from the original on 20 December Retrieved 9 October Yellow Submarine : "Top 50 Albums". Archived from the original on 11 October Abbey Road : "LP Chart". Archived from the original on 13 May Archived from the original on 29 June Retrieved 18 July GfK Entertainment Charts. Archived from the original on 31 May Retrieved 17 May Media Control Charts. Archived from the original on 4 November Retrieved 17 July Retrieved 30 January Charts Surfer. Archived from the original on 14 July Archived from the original on 2 January Archived from the original on 30 December Retrieved 15 May Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 June British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 6 February Retrieved 22 December Australian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on 1 December Music Canada. Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on 25 July Retrieved 25 July Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Archived from the original on 15 May Retrieved 6 October Archived PDF from the original on 27 May Retrieved 20 July Archived from the original on 22 March Archived from the original on 5 April Archived from the original on 12 October Archived from the original on 6 November Archived from the original on 25 December IFPI Austria. Archived from the original on 23 August Retrieved 27 August John Lennon and Yoko Ono. June, October Side 2. Paul McCartney — March, Side 3. George Harrison — March, Side 4. Ringo Starr — December July, December, Rarities : "RPM Albums". Archived from the original on 23 September Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on 8 July Archived from the original on 13 August IFPI Norway. Archived from the original on 5 November Retrieved 25 March Archived from the original on 24 July Retrieved 12 July Archived from the original on 11 June Archived from the original on 8 May Retrieved 26 July Retrieved 14 July Archived from the original on 19 March Apple Music. Apple, Inc. Retrieved 31 December Retrieved 1 January Retrieved 7 January Retrieved 22 January Retrieved 19 January Retrieved 5 February Retrieved 15 February Retrieved 19 February Archived from the original on 30 March Retrieved 30 March Archived from the original on 3 July The Cash Box Singles Charts, — The Comparison Book, — The Beatles Are Coming! The Birth of Beatlemania in America. New Orleans: Productions. The Anthology of the Beatles Records. Rostock: Something Books. Archived from the original PDF on 13 February Retrieved 26 September The Beatles. Apple Corps, Ltd. Archived from the original on 10 April Retrieved 24 October Archived from the original on 28 December Archived from the original on 1 April Retrieved 4 October — via YouTube. Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 27 September Retrieved 29 September Pepper cover. Book Category. The Beatles album discography. Albums in the core catalogue are marked in bold. Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt. The Beatles Meet the Beatles! Naked Love. The Beatles compilation discography. Naked Albums The Japan Box Sgt. The Beatles singles discography. I Love You ". The Beatles portal. The Beatles filmography and videography. A Hard Day's Night Help! Around the Beatles The First U. Albums by the Beatles. Please Please Me. With the Beatles. Postman ". The Beatles discography. Beatles for Sale. Rubber Soul. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Pepper Knew My Father Sgt. Pepper Live Sgt. Pepper's Sgt. The Beatles discography Sgt. Pepper cover Sgt. Magical Mystery Tour. The Beatles White Album. Yellow Submarine. Abbey Road. Let It Be. Naked The Beatles: Get Back. Categories : The Beatles music Discographies of British artists Pop music group discographies Rock music group discographies. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. RIAA: Platinum [13]. MC: Gold [12]. Released: 22 November Label: Apple. RIAA: Gold [13]. SNEP: Gold [15]. BPI: Silver [10]. MC: Platinum [12]. ARIA: Gold [36]. The Beatles [C] VeeJay. The Beatles VeeJay. Please Please Me non-album track. Something New non-album track. Long Tall Sally EP. Beatles VI. Beatles '65 Beatles VI. With the Beatles Please Please Me. The Beatles' Second Album Introducing Hey Jude Apple in US. Magical Mystery Tour [F]. Hey Jude [F] Apple non-album track. The Beatles [F] Apple. Abbey Road Apple. Let It Be Apple. Yellow Submarine Apple. Rock 'n' Roll Music. The Beatles Apple. Live at the BBC Apple. Anthology 1 Apple non-album track. Anthology 2 Apple non-album track [M]. Released: 6 July Distributor: United Artists. The Beatles, Bernard Knowles uncredited. Albert and David Maysles. Released: 9 September Distributor: Apple Corps. Released: 16 November Distributor: Apple Corps. Released: 6 November Distributor: Apple Corps. From Scene at 6. Please Please Me [B]. Rita Gillespie Producer: Jack Good. A Hard Day's Night [B]. Jean-Christophe Averty. Joe McGrath. Philip Carson Producer: Johnny Hamp. Michael Lindsay-Hogg. Filmed on 20 May , at Chiswick House , London. Filmed on 10 November , in the Saville Theatre , London. From the film Yellow Submarine [A]. Let It Be [B]. Live at the BBC. Joe Pytka Producer: Jane Brimblecombe. Yellow Submarine Songtrack. Let It Be Made for the release of Let It Be Simon Hilton Producer: Astrid Edwards. Paul Crowder [63]. Live at the Hollywood Bowl. Released to promote the 50th anniversary editions of Abbey Road [64]. Side one " Help! Side one " Sgt. Side one " Back in the U. The Beatles , also known as the White Album , is the ninth studio album and only double album by the English rock band the Beatles , released on 22 November Its plain white sleeve contains no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed , [a] which was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's previous LP Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. The Beatles is recognised for its fragmentary style and diverse range of genres, including folk , British blues , ska , music hall and the avant-garde. It has since been viewed by some critics as a postmodern work, as well as among the greatest albums of all time. Most of the songs on the album were written during March and April at a Transcendental Meditation course in Rishikesh , India. There, the only western instrument available to the band was the acoustic guitar; several of these songs remained acoustic on The Beatles and were recorded solo, or only by part of the group. The production aesthetic ensured that the album's sound was scaled-down and less reliant on studio innovation than their previous releases including 's Revolver and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in The Beatles also broke with the band's tradition at the time of incorporating several musical styles in one song by keeping each piece of music consistently faithful to a select genre. During these sessions, arguments broke out among the foursome over creative differences and John Lennon 's new partner, Yoko Ono , whose constant presence subverted the Beatles' policy of excluding wives and girlfriends from the studio. After a series of various problems, including producer George Martin taking an unannounced vacation and engineer Geoff Emerick suddenly quitting during a session, Ringo Starr left the band for two weeks in August. The same tensions continued throughout the following year and led to the band's break-up. The Beatles received favourable reviews from most music critics; detractors found its satirical songs unimportant and apolitical amid the turbulent political and social climate of It topped record charts in Britain and the United States. No singles were issued in either territory, but " Hey Jude " and " Revolution " originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August By , the Beatles had achieved commercial and critical success. The group's mid release, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band , was number one in the UK for 27 weeks, until the start of February , [1] having sold , copies in the first week after release. Pepper constituted a "historic departure in the progress of music — any music", [3] while the American writer Timothy Leary wrote that the band were "the wisest, holiest, most effective avatars Divine Incarnate, God Agents that the human race has ever produced". The Beatles left Rishikesh before the end of the course. Ringo Starr was the first to leave, less than two weeks later, as he said he could not tolerate the food; [15] McCartney departed in mid-March, [12] while Harrison and Lennon were more interested in Indian religion and remained until April. Collectively, the group wrote around 40 new compositions in Rishikesh, 26 of which would be recorded in rough form at Kinfauns , Harrison's home in Esher , in May Lennon wrote the bulk of the new material, contributing 14 songs. Some home demos and group sessions at Kinfauns were later released on the compilation Anthology 3. The group block-booked time at Abbey Road through July. Instead of tightly rehearsing a backing track, as in previous sessions, the group recorded all the rehearsals and jamming, then added overdubs to the best take. Only 16 of the album's 30 tracks feature all four band members performing. During the sessions, the band upgraded from 4-track recording to 8-track. As work began, Abbey Road Studios possessed, but had yet to install, an 8-track machine that had supposedly been sitting unused for several months. This was in accordance with EMI's policy of testing and customising new gear extensively before putting it into use. The band held their first and only hour session at Abbey Road during the final mixing and sequencing for the album. Unlike most LPs, there was no customary three-second gap between tracks, and the master was edited so that songs segued together, via a straight edit, a crossfade, or an incidental piece of music. The Beatles contains a wide range of musical styles, which authors Barry Miles and Gillian Gaar view as the most diverse of any of the group's albums. The author Nicholas Schaffner views the acoustic slant as reflective of a widespread departure from the LSD-inspired psychedelia of , an approach initiated by Bob Dylan and the Beach Boys and adopted in by artists such as the Rolling Stones and the Byrds. Whereas on prior Beatles albums, the band was getting into the habit of mixing several musical genres into a single song, on The White Album every song is faithful to its selected genre. The rock n' roll tracks are purely rock n' roll; the folk songs are purely folk; the surreal pop numbers are purely surreal pop; and the experimental piece is purely experimental. Martin said he was against the idea of a double album at the time and suggested that the group reduce the number of songs to form a single album featuring their stronger work; the band refused. Starr felt that the album should have been two separate records, which he jokingly called "The White Album" and "The Whiter Album". McCartney said that the record was fine as it was: "It was great. It sold. It's the bloody Beatles' White Album. Shut up! During the recording sessions for The Beatles , each member of the band began to increasingly assert themselves as individual artists who frequently found themselves at odds. McCartney described the sessions as a turning point for the group because "there was a lot of friction during that album. We were just about to break up, and that was tense in itself"; [63] Lennon said, "the break-up of the Beatles can be heard on that album". The Beatles sessions marked the first appearance in the studio of Lennon's new domestic and artistic partner, Yoko Ono , who accompanied him to Abbey Road to work on " Revolution 1 " [67] and who was thereafter a more or less constant presence at Beatles recording sessions. Peter Doggett writes that "the most essential line of communication" had been broken between Lennon and McCartney by Ono's presence on the first day of recording. The positive spirit of the session disappeared immediately, and engineer Ken Scott later claimed that "you could cut the atmosphere with a knife". For "Back in the U. He returned on 5 September to find his drum kit decorated with flowers, [35] a welcome-back gesture from Harrison. The Beatles was the last Beatles album to be mixed separately for stereo and mono. Several songs have missing or different overdubs or effects which differ from the stereo mixes. McCartney wrote " Back in the U. The style is typical of the acoustic songs written in Rishikesh, using guitar arpeggios. Lennon wrote the track about Mia Farrow 's sister Prudence Farrow , who rarely left her room during the stay in commitment to the meditation. The track took a surprising amount of time to complete, with McCartney demanding perfectionism that annoyed his colleagues. He demanded a cut of publishing when the song was released, but the song was credited to "Lennon—McCartney". Marmalade recorded a version that became a number one hit. It is typical of the brief snippets of songs he recorded between takes during the album sessions. Ono sings one line and co-sings another, while Chris Thomas played the mellotron , including improvisations at the end of the track. Clapton was unsure about guesting on a Beatles record, but Harrison said the decision was "nothing to do with them. It's my song. The final version consisted of the best halves of two takes edited together. McCartney got the title of " Martha My Dear " from his sheepdog, but the lyrics are otherwise unrelated. Martin composed a brass band arrangement for the track. According to Lewisohn, the ticking in the background is a metronome , [42] but Emerick recalls capturing the sound via a microphone placed beside McCartney's shoes. Harrison wrote " Piggies " as an attack on greed and materialism in modern society. The song was taped in a single session, and was one of the tracks that Martin felt was " filler " and only put on because the album was a double. The basic track consisted of Starr drumming while McCartney played piano. The simple lyric was very much in Lennon's style, and Lennon was annoyed not to be asked to play on it. McCartney suggested it was "tit for tat" as he had not contributed to "Revolution 9". According to McCartney, the authorship of " Birthday " was "50—50 John and me, made up on the spot and recorded all on the same evening". Lennon wrote " Yer Blues " in India. Despite meditating and the tranquil atmosphere, he still felt unhappy, as reflected in the lyrics. Unusually for a Beatles recording, the four-track source tape was edited directly, resulting in an abrupt cut-off at 3'17" into the start of another take which ran into the fadeout. McCartney wrote " Mother Nature's Son " in India, and worked on it in isolation from the other members of the band. He performed the track solo alongside a Martin-scored brass arrangement. The final mix was sped up by mixing the tape running at 43 hertz instead of the usual The band performed the initial takes live and included long passages during which they jammed on their instruments. By all accounts, the session was chaotic, but nobody dared suggest to any of the Beatles that they were out of control. Harrison reportedly ran around the studio holding a flaming ashtray above his head, "doing an Arthur Brown ". This was one of the tracks that led Manson to believe the album had coded messages referring to apocalyptic war, and led to his movement of the same name. McCartney played Hammond organ on the track, and an "eerie rattling" effect at the end was created by a note causing a wine bottle on top of the organ's Leslie speaker to resonate. The group ended the chosen take with a six-minute improvisation that had further overdubs added, before being cut to the length heard on the album. The brass arrangement was added later. McCartney wrote " Honey Pie " as a pastiche of the s' flapper dance style. The opening section had the sound of an old 78 RPM record overdubbed [] while Martin arranged a saxophone and clarinet part in the same style. Lennon played the guitar solo on the track, but later said he hated the song, calling it "beyond redemption". The track featured a saxophone sextet arranged by Thomas, who also played keyboards. Lennon began writing " Cry Baby Cry " in late and the lyrics were partly derived from the tagline of an old television commercial. Martin played harmonium on the track. Lennon, Harrison and Ono added further tape collages and spoken word extracts, in the style of Karlheinz Stockhausen. The track opens with an extract of a piano theme from a Royal Schools of Music examination tape, and climaxes with Ono saying "you become naked". He had led similar tape experiments such as " Carnival of Light " in January Lennon wrote " Good Night " as a lullaby for his son Julian , and wanted Starr to sing it. The early takes featured just Lennon on acoustic guitar and Starr singing. Lennon wanted the original version of "Revolution" to be released as a single, but the other three Beatles objected that it was too slow. Instead, the single featured a new, faster version, with heavily distorted guitar and an electric piano solo by Nicky Hopkins. The convention in the British music industry at the time was that singles and albums were distinct entities and should not duplicate songs. The single was a commercial success in Australia where it spent five weeks at number one on the Go-Set chart , [] Japan, [] Austria [] and Switzerland. Some songs the Beatles were working on individually during this period were revisited for inclusion on their subsequent albums, while others were released on the band members' solo albums. According to the bootlegged album of the demos made at Kinfauns , the latter of these two categories includes Lennon's " Look at Me " [] and "Child of Nature" eventually reworked as " Jealous Guy " ; [] McCartney's " Junk "; [] and Harrison's "Not Guilty" and " Circles ". Mustard " and " Polythene Pam " were used in the medley on Abbey Road the next year. This ten-minute take was later edited and overdubbed to create two separate tracks: "Revolution 1" and the avant-garde "Revolution 9". Pop artist Richard Hamilton designed the record sleeve [61] in collaboration with McCartney. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band , and consisted of a plain white sleeve. The band's name, in Helvetica , [] was crookedly blind embossed slightly below the middle of the album's right side. The sleeve included a poster comprising a montage of photographs, with the lyrics of the songs on the back, and a set of four photographic portraits taken by John Kelly [] during the autumn of that have themselves become iconic. During production, the album had the working title of A Doll's House. This was changed when the English progressive rock band Family released the similarly titled Music in a Doll's House earlier that year. The piece was later used for the sleeve of the compilation album The Beatles' Ballads , released in In the original artwork was put up for auction. In the UK, The Beatles debuted at number one in the UK on 7 December [] and spent seven weeks at the top of the UK charts including the entire competitive Christmas season , [] until it was replaced by the Seekers ' Best of the Seekers on 25 January , dropping to number 2. However, the album returned to the top spot the following week, spending an eighth and final week at number 1. In the US, the album achieved huge commercial success. Capitol Records sold over 3. In all, The Beatles spent weeks on the Billboard On release, The Beatles gained highly favourable reviews from the majority of music critics. In The Observer , Tony Palmer wrote that "if there is still any doubt that Lennon and McCartney are the greatest songwriters since Schubert ", the album "should surely see the last vestiges of cultural snobbery and bourgeois prejudice swept away in a deluge of joyful music making". Pepper or Magical Mystery Tour , [] due to the band's improved songwriting and their relying less on the studio tricks of those earlier works. Pepper " and concluded: "Musically, there is beauty, horror, surprise, chaos, order. And that is the world; and that is what The Beatles are on about. Created by, creating for, their age. They are so good that they not only expand the idiom, but they are also able to penetrate it and take it further. Among the less favourable critiques, Time magazine's reviewer wrote that The Beatles showcased the "best abilities and worst tendencies" of the Beatles, as it is skilfully performed and sophisticated, but lacks a "sense of taste and purpose". In a appraisal of the album, for Mojo magazine, Ian MacDonald wrote that The Beatles regularly appears among the top 10 in critics' "best albums of all time" lists, yet it was a work that he deemed "eccentric, highly diverse, and very variable [in] quality". He derided tracks including "Revolution 9" and "Helter Skelter", but said that picking personal highlights was "part of the fun" for listeners. According to Slant Magazine ' s Eric Henderson, The Beatles is a rarity among the band's recorded works, in that it "resists reflexive canonisation, which, along with society's continued fragmentation, keeps the album fresh and surprising". He concludes: "None of it sounds like it was meant to share album space together, but somehow The Beatles creates its own style and sound through its mess. Among reviews of the remastered album, Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph found that even its worst songs work within the context of such an eclectic and unconventional collection, which he rated "one of the greatest albums ever made". Three years later, Rolling Stone ranked it at number 10 on the magazine's list of the Greatest Albums of All Time , [] a position it maintained in the revised list. The magazine praised the guitar work in "Helter Skelter". Giles Martin , son of George Martin and supervisor of the 50th Anniversary remix, stated that, contrary to the prevailing view of the White Album, he does not believe it was recorded by a band about to implode. He said he came to this conclusion after listening to all the demos and session tapes in preparation for the remix. The release coincided with public condemnation of Lennon's treatment of Cynthia, and of his and Ono's joint projects, particularly Two Virgins. The album's lyrics progressed from being vague to open-ended and prone to misinterpretation, such as "Glass Onion" e. In the album version, he advises those who "talk about destruction" to "count me out". Lennon then follows the sung word "out" with the spoken word "in". At the time of the album's release — which followed, chronologically, the up-tempo single version of the song, "Revolution" — that single word "in" was taken by the radical political left as Lennon's endorsement of politically motivated violence, which followed the May Paris riots. Charles Manson first heard the album not long after it was released. He had already claimed to find hidden meanings in songs from earlier Beatles albums, [] but in The Beatles he interpreted prophetic significance in several of the songs, including "Blackbird", "Piggies" particularly the line "what they need's a damn good whacking" , "Helter Skelter", "Revolution 1" and "Revolution 9", [] and interpreted the lyrics as a sign of imminent violence or war. Further to the betrayal they had felt at Lennon's non-activist stance in "Revolution", New Left commentators condemned The Beatles for its failure to offer a political agenda. Sociologists Michael Katovich and Wesley Longhofer write that the album's release created "a collective appreciation of it as a 'state-of-the-art' rendition of the current pop, rock, and folk-rock sounds". The piece was in the form of a record store in which nothing but original pressings of the LP was on display. Tape versions of the album did not feature a white cover or the numbering system. These two-tape releases were both contained in black outer cardboard slipcase covers embossed with the words The Beatles and the outline of an apple in gold print. The second release, licensed by Ampex from EMI in early after the latter ceased manufacture of commercial reel-to-reel tapes, was issued as two separate volumes, [] [] and sequenced the songs in the same manner as on the cassette version. The Ampex reel tape version of The Beatles has become desirable to collectors, as it contains edits on eight tracks not available elsewhere. During and , for the album's tenth anniversary, EMI reissued the album pressed on limited edition white vinyl in several countries. The discs were pressed on high-quality virgin vinyl. The album was reissued, along with the rest of the Beatles catalogue, on compact disc in Like the original vinyl pressings, these CD copies also featured individually stamped numbers on the album's front cover in this case on the cover of the booklet for the first disc. It was reissued again on CD in as part of a 30th anniversary series for EMI, featuring a scaled-down replication of the original artwork, including the top-loader gatefold sleeve. On 9 November , remixed and expanded editions of The Beatles were released. These sets feature 50 previously unreleased recordings of songs from the album, in addition to the Esher demos recorded at Harrison's house. All tracks written by Lennon—McCartney , except where noted. BPI certification awarded only for sales since From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see The White Album disambiguation. Original copies had the band's name blind embossed on a white background and were also numbered. Design by Richard Hamilton. Rock pop. See also: The Beatles in India. Lennon went straight to the piano and smashed the keys with an almighty amount of volume, twice the speed of how they'd done it before, and said "This is it! Come on! Harrison, too, was not formally credited at first, but was identified as "L'Angelo Misterioso" on the cover. Official Charts Company. Retrieved 31 May Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". John Blake. Lennon Remembers. Verso, W. Yeah, there was a big hullabaloo about him trying to rape Mia Farrow or trying to get off with Mia Farrow and a few other women, things like that. Retrieved 28 June Triumph Books. Prospero Books. Stylus Magazine. Retrieved 18 December Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 24 June Guitar World. Popular Culture, Ink. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 14 July Juno Records. Retrieved 17 November Retrieved 21 January Greenwood Publishing Group. Recording the Beatles. Retrieved 25 September Retrieved 25 June Playboy Press. Retrieved 22 November Australian Pop Archives. Retrieved 2 April Oricon Hot Singles. Archived from the original on 21 April Retrieved 17 July Archived from the original on 2 March Penguin Books. Britain Since Aspects of Identity. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved 6 December Great Western Auctions. Retrieved 15 July Official Chart Company. Archived from the original on 5 October The Guardian. BBC News. Retrieved 4 September Archived from the original on 13 January Retrieved 21 February Billboard : Heritage Auctions. Heritage Capital Corporation: Note that the RIAA counts each record of a double album separately, meaning The Beatles is certified 24 times platinum, for 12 million units sold. Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on 16 October The New York Times. London: Emap. New York. New York: The Village Voice. Retrieved 1 February Retrieved 17 April Retrieved 21 October The A. Archived from the original on 22 May Retrieved 23 November The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 November Retrieved 19 May Retrieved 12 September Slant Magazine. Retrieved 17 January Retrieved 23 September Vatican newspaper. Catholic News Service. Retrieved 8 August Retrieved 10 June Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 14 March Retrieved 7 October Y2WB L Volume 1 and L Volume 2. Rare Beatles. Heritage Capital Corporation. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 24 January Retrieved 24 September Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 26 September Australian Chart Book — Archived from the original PHP on 6 March Retrieved 3 May Archived from the original PHP on 7 November Retrieved 13 October Retrieved 1 May Retrieved 13 May Media Control. Archived from the original ASP on 7 July Hung Medien, dutchcharts. Roppongi , Tokyo: Oricon Entertainment. UK Albums Chart. Retrieved 12 October Australian Recording Industry Association. Hung Medien in German. Hung Medien in Dutch. Hung Medien in French. Hung Medien. Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Swiss Music Charts. Archived from the original on 17 April GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 16 November Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 3 September Retrieved 23 April Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 17 December Archived from the original on 6 July Retrieved 16 September Archived from the original on 10 August Music Canada. Retrieved 20 August Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 4 June Select "" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "Beatles" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione". Archived from the original on 24 July British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 25 July Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Retrieved 9 October Badman, Keith The Beatles: After The Breakup. Omnibus Press. The Beatles: Off the Record. Beatles, The The Beatles Anthology. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Castleman, Harry; Podrazik, Walter J. Clayson, Alan Ringo Starr. London: Sanctuary. Doggett, Peter The Art and Music of John Lennon. Emerick, Geoff; Massey, Howard 15 February Gotham Books. Everett, Walter New York: Oxford University Press. Goodwin, Andrew In Storey, John ed. University of Georgia Press. Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel Guinn, Jeff Simon and Schuster. Harrison, George I, Me, Mine. Harry, Bill The Beatles Encyclopaedia: Revised and Updated. London: Virgin Publishing. The Paul McCartney Encyclopedia. Virgin Books. Hertsgaard, Mark London: Pan Books. Inglis, Ian In Womack, Kenneth ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles. Katovich, Michael A. In Denzin, Norman K. Studies in Symbolic Interaction. Volume 33 of Studies in Symbolic Interactions Series. Larkin, Colin Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Leng, Simon Hal Leonard. Lewisohn, Mark The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony Books. The Complete Beatles Chronicle. Chancellor Press. MacDonald, Ian London: Pimlico Rand. MacFarlane, Thomas Miles, Barry Random House. Nielsen, Donald Lexington Books. Norman, Philip []. New York, NY: Fireside. Norman, Philip John Lennon: The Life. New York, NY: Ecco. Penman, Ross The Beatles in New Zealand Roessner, Jeffrey In Womack, Ken; Davis, Todd eds. Schaffner, Nicholas The Beatles Forever. Shea, Stuart; Rodriguez, Robert Sheffield, Rob In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian eds. Spitz, Bob The Beatles: The Biography. Little Brown and Company. Spizer, Bruce Wiener, Jon Winn, John Woffinden, Bob The Beatles Apart. London: Proteus. Womack, Kenneth In McParland, Robert P. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Womack, Kenneth , ed. Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press. Womack, Kenneth; Davis, Todd The Beatles White Album. Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt. The Beatles album discography. Albums in the core catalogue are marked in bold. The Beatles Meet the Beatles! Naked Love. UK Christmas number-one albums. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. EMI and Trident , London. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band The Beatles Yellow Submarine Magical Mystery Tour MusicHound Rock. The Rolling Stone Album Guide. Mustard ". Jerry Leiber , Mike Stoller. Richard Rodgers , Lorenz Hart. French Albums Chart []. Norwegian VG-lista Albums Chart []. Spanish Albums Chart []. UK Albums Chart []. Dutch Mega Albums Chart []. Japanese Oricon Albums Chart []. Austrian Albums Chart []. Belgian Albums Chart Flanders []. Belgian Albums Chart Wallonia []. Danish Albums Chart []. Finnish Albums Chart []. German Albums Chart []. Italian Albums Chart []. Japanese Albums Chart []. Portuguese Albums Chart []. Swedish Albums Chart []. Swiss Albums Chart []. New Zealand Albums Chart []. Australian Albums Chart []. US Billboard Pop Albums []. Apple Parlophone. SWBO stereo []. CDP 7 8 []. Side one " Back in the U. The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in As pioneers in recording , songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements. Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from , initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass. The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, together since , went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their domestic success after their first hit, " Love Me Do ", in late As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed " Beatlemania ", the band acquired the nickname "the Fab Four", with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band's entourage sometimes given the informal title of " fifth Beatle ". By early , the Beatles were international stars, leading the " British Invasion " of the United States pop market and breaking numerous sales records. They soon made their film debut with A Hard Day's Night From onwards, they produced records of greater complexity, including the albums Rubber Soul , Revolver and Sgt. Heralding the album era , their success led to the massive sales increase and popularity of the album format, which eventually replaced singles as the dominant form of recorded music. Their cultural impact extended to fashion, British identity , rock groups, interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, electronic music , album art and music videos. In , they founded Apple Corps , a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's legacy. After the group's break-up in , all four members enjoyed success as solo artists. Lennon was shot and killed in , and Harrison died of lung cancer in McCartney and Starr remain musically active. They hold the record for most number-one albums on the UK Albums Chart 15 , most number-one hits on the Billboard Hot chart 20 , and most singles sold in the UK They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in , and all four main members were inducted individually between and In and , the group topped Rolling Stone ' s lists of the greatest artists in history. Time magazine named them among the 20th century's most important people. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group were already using the name. The fifteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, but Lennon initially thought Harrison was too young for the band. After a month of Harrison's persistence, during a second meeting arranged by McCartney , he performed the lead guitar part of the instrumental song " Raunchy " on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, [6] and they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By early July, they had refashioned themselves as the Silver Beatles, and by the middle of August shortened the name to the Beatles. Allan Williams , the Beatles' unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg , and for this they auditioned and hired drummer Pete Best in mid-August Koschmider had converted a couple of strip clubs in the district into music venues, and he initially placed the Beatles at the Indra Club. After closing Indra due to noise complaints, he moved them to the Kaiserkeller in October. During the next two years, the Beatles were resident for periods in Hamburg, where they used Preludin both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances. After the Beatles completed their second Hamburg residency, they enjoyed increasing popularity in Liverpool with the growing Merseybeat movement. However, they were also growing tired of the monotony of numerous appearances at the same clubs night after night. They were fresh, and they were honest, and they had what I thought was a sort of presence Epstein courted the band over the next couple of months, and they appointed him as their manager in January He eventually negotiated a one-month-early release from their contract in exchange for one last recording session in Hamburg. Epstein began negotiations with record labels for a recording contract. To secure a UK record contract, Epstein negotiated an early end to the band's contract with Polydor, in exchange for more recordings backing Tony Sheridan. I Love You ". Martin initially selected the Starr version of "Love Me Do" for the band's first single, though subsequent re-pressings featured the White version, with Starr on tambourine. In December , the Beatles concluded their fifth and final Hamburg residency. He'd tell us that jeans were not particularly smart and could we possibly manage to wear proper trousers, but he didn't want us suddenly looking square. He'd let us have our own sense of individuality. The album was supplemented by the four tracks already released on their first two singles. Martin originally considered recording the Beatles' debut LP live at The Cavern Club, but after deciding that the building's acoustics were inadequate, he elected to simulate a "live" album with minimal production in "a single marathon session at Abbey Road". Released in January , two months ahead of the album of the same name, the song reached number one on every UK chart except Record Retailer , where it peaked at number two. Recalling how the Beatles "rushed to deliver a debut album, bashing out Please Please Me in a day", AllMusic 's Stephen Thomas Erlewine comments, "Decades after its release, the album still sounds fresh, precisely because of its intense origins. And the words were almost irrelevant. Released in March , the album initiated a run during which eleven of their twelve studio albums released in the United Kingdom through to reached number one. Their commercial success brought increased media exposure, to which the Beatles responded with an irreverent and comical attitude that defied the expectations of pop musicians at the time, inspiring even more interest. Greeted with riotous enthusiasm by screaming fans, the press dubbed the phenomenon " Beatlemania ". In late October, the Beatles began a five-day tour of Sweden, their first time abroad since the final Hamburg engagement of December Around 50 to journalists and photographers, as well as representatives from the BBC , also joined the airport reception, the first of more than such events. Please Please Me maintained the top position on the Record Retailer chart for 30 weeks, only to be displaced by its follow-up, With the Beatles , [72] which EMI released on 22 November to record advance orders of , copies. The LP topped a half-million albums sold in one week. In a reversal of then standard practice, EMI released the album ahead of the impending single " I Want to Hold Your Hand ", with the song excluded to maximise the single's sales. EMI's American subsidiary, Capitol Records , hindered the Beatles' releases in the United States for more than a year by initially declining to issue their music, including their first three singles. Concurrent negotiations with the independent US label Vee-Jay led to the release of some of the songs in , but not all. The Beatles , culled from most of the songs of Parlophone's Please Please Me , but a management shake-up led to the album not being released. The record received some airplay in the Tidewater area of Virginia by Gene Loving of radio station WGH and was featured on the "Rate-a-Record" segment of American Bandstand , but it failed to catch on nationally. This caused an increase in demand, leading Capitol to bring forward the release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" by three weeks. The Beatles [88] to go along with Capitol's debut album, Meet the Beatles! On 7 February , the Beatles left the UK with an estimated 4, fans gathered at Heathrow, waving and screaming as the aircraft took off. Kennedy Airport , an uproarious crowd estimated at 3, greeted them. Biographer Jonathan Gould writes that, according to the Nielsen rating service, it was "the largest audience that had ever been recorded for an American television program ". The Beatles' first visit to the US took place when the nation were still mourning the assassination of President John F. Kennedy the previous November. The group's popularity generated unprecedented interest in British music, and many other UK acts subsequently made their American debuts, successfully touring over the next three years in what was termed the British Invasion. Capitol Records' lack of interest throughout did not go unnoticed, and a competitor, United Artists Records , encouraged their film division to offer the Beatles a three-motion-picture deal, primarily for the commercial potential of the soundtracks in the US. United Artists released a full soundtrack album for the North American market, combining Beatles songs and Martin's orchestral score; elsewhere, the group's third studio LP, A Hard Day's Night , contained songs from the film on side one and other new recordings on side two. All of the disparate influences on their first two albums coalesced into a bright, joyous, original sound, filled with ringing guitars and irresistible melodies. To many of Dylan's followers in the folk music scene, the Beatles were seen as idolaters, not idealists. Within six months of the meeting, according to Gould, "Lennon would be making records on which he openly imitated Dylan's nasal drone, brittle strum, and introspective vocal persona"; and six months after that, Dylan began performing with a backing band and electric instrumentation , and "dressed in the height of Mod fashion". During the US tour, the group were confronted with racial segregation in the country at the time. I'd sooner lose our appearance money. According to Gould, the Beatles' fourth studio LP, Beatles for Sale , evidenced a growing conflict between the commercial pressures of their global success and their creative ambitions. Released in early December, its eight original compositions stood out, demonstrating the growing maturity of the Lennon—McCartney songwriting partnership. I was pretty stunned for a month or two. Harrison's use of psychedelic drugs encouraged his path to meditation and Hinduism. He commented: "For me, it was like a flash. The first time I had acid , it just opened up something in my head that was inside of me, and I realized a lot of things. I didn't learn them because I already knew them, but that happened to be the key that opened the door to reveal them. From the moment I had that, I wanted to have it all the time — these thoughts about the yogis and the Himalayas, and Ravi's music. In July, the Beatles' second film, Help! Described as "mainly a relentless spoof of Bond ", [] it inspired a mixed response among both reviewers and the band. McCartney said: " Help! It was fun, but basically, as an idea for a film, it was a bit wrong. The Help! The group's third US tour opened with a performance before a world-record crowd of 55, at New York's Shea Stadium on 15 August — "perhaps the most famous of all Beatles' concerts", in Lewisohn's description. At a show in Atlanta, the Beatles gave one of the first live performances ever to make use of a foldback system of on-stage monitor speakers. In mid-October, the Beatles entered the recording studio; for the first time when making an album, they had an extended period without other major commitments. Now we were really beginning to think about albums as a bit of art on their own. And because they were writing different material, we were playing differently. As their lyrics grew more artful, fans began to study them for deeper meaning. While some of Rubber Soul ' s songs were the product of Lennon and McCartney's collaborative songwriting, [] the album also included distinct compositions from each, [] though they continued to share official credit. Capitol Records, from December when it began issuing Beatles recordings for the US market, exercised complete control over format, [81] compiling distinct US albums from the band's recordings and issuing songs of their choosing as singles. According to Beatles biographer Bill Harry , it has been incorrectly suggested that this was meant as a satirical response to the way Capitol had "butchered" the US versions of the band's albums. During a tour of the Philippines the month after the Yesterday and Today furore, the Beatles unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, Imelda Marcos , who had expected them to attend a breakfast reception at the Presidential Palace. The resulting riots endangered the group and they escaped the country with difficulty. Almost as soon as they returned home, the Beatles faced a fierce backlash from US religious and social conservatives as well as the Ku Klux Klan over a comment Lennon had made in a March interview with British reporter Maureen Cleave. I needn't argue about that; I'm right and I will be proved right Jesus was alright but his disciples were thick and ordinary. It's them twisting it that ruins it for me. At a press conference Lennon pointed out, "If I'd said television was more popular than Jesus, I might have got away with it. Released in August, a week before the Beatles' final tour, Revolver marked another artistic step forward for the group. Its creation involved eight tape decks distributed about the EMI building, each staffed by an engineer or band member, who randomly varied the movement of a tape loop while Martin created a composite recording by sampling the incoming data. As preparations were made for a tour of the US, the Beatles knew that their music would hardly be heard. Having originally used Vox AC30 amplifiers, they later acquired more powerful watt amplifiers, specially designed by Vox for them as they moved into larger venues in , but these were still inadequate. Struggling to compete with the volume of sound generated by screaming fans, the band had grown increasingly bored with the routine of performing live. The band performed none of their new songs on the tour. Freed from the burden of touring, the Beatles embraced an increasingly experimental approach as they recorded Sgt. Pepper had to be different. We had microphones right down in the bells of brass instruments and headphones turned into microphones attached to violins. We used giant primitive oscillators to vary the speed of instruments and vocals and we had tapes chopped to pieces and stuck together upside down and the wrong way around. Pepper LP followed with a rush-release in May. The overwhelming consensus is that the Beatles had created a popular masterpiece: a rich, sustained, and overflowing work of collaborative genius whose bold ambition and startling originality dramatically enlarged the possibilities and raised the expectations of what the experience of listening to popular music on record could be. On the basis of this perception, Sgt. Pepper became the catalyst for an explosion of mass enthusiasm for album-formatted rock that would revolutionise both the aesthetics and the economics of the record business in ways that far outstripped the earlier pop explosions triggered by the Elvis phenomenon of and the Beatlemania phenomenon of In the wake of Sgt. Pepper , the underground and mainstream press widely publicised the Beatles as leaders of youth culture, as well as "lifestyle revolutionaries". Pepper topped the UK charts for 23 consecutive weeks, with a further four weeks at number one in the period through to February Pepper ' s initial commercial success exceeded that of all previous Beatles albums. Pepper at number one on its list of the greatest albums of all time. Two Beatles film projects were conceived within weeks of completing Sgt. Pepper : Magical Mystery Tour , a one-hour television film, and Yellow Submarine , an animated feature-length film produced by United Artists. The next day, they travelled to Bangor for his Transcendental Meditation retreat. On 27 August, their manager's assistant, Peter Brown, phoned to inform them that Epstein had died. I knew that we were in trouble then. I didn't really have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music, and I was scared. I thought, 'We've fuckin' had it now. I don't think it could have been worse if they had heard that their own fathers had dropped dead. Pepper , [] however, in line with the band's wishes, the packaging reinforced the idea that the release was a film soundtrack rather than a follow-up to Sgt. The group were less involved with Yellow Submarine , which only featured the band appearing as themselves for a short live-action segment. Their time in India marked one of the band's most prolific periods, yielding numerous songs, including a majority of those on their next album. McCartney said, "We made a mistake. We thought there was more to him than there was. John and Paul got carried away with the idea and blew millions, and Ringo and I just had to go along with it. From late May to mid-October , the group recorded what became The Beatles , a double LP commonly known as "the White Album" for its virtually featureless cover. With the record, the band executed a wider range of musical styles [] and broke with their recent tradition of incorporating several musical styles in one song by keeping each piece of music consistently faithful to a select genre. Pepper had. The project's impetus came from an idea Martin attributes to McCartney, who suggested they "record an album of new material and rehearse it, then perform it before a live audience for the very first time — on record and on film". It was a time when relations between the Beatles were at their lowest ebb. Upon returning, he threatened to leave the band unless they "abandon[ed] all talk of live performance" and instead focused on finishing a new album, initially titled Get Back , using songs recorded for the TV special. His bandmates agreed, and it was decided to salvage the footage shot for the TV production for use in a feature film. To alleviate tensions within the band and improve the quality of their live sound, Harrison invited keyboardist Billy Preston to participate in the last nine days of sessions. New strains developed between the band members regarding the appointment of a financial adviser, the need for which had become evident without Epstein to manage business affairs. McCartney refused to sign the management contract with Klein, but he was out-voted by the other Beatles. Martin stated that he was surprised when McCartney asked him to produce another album, as the Get Back sessions had been "a miserable experience" and he had "thought it was the end of the road for all of us". The completion and mixing of " I Want You She's So Heavy " on 20 August was the last occasion on which all four Beatles were together in the same studio. They considered a different approach to songwriting by ending the Lennon—McCartney pretense and having four compositions apiece from Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, with two from Starr and a lead single around Christmas. Released on 26 September, Abbey Road sold four million copies within three months and topped the UK charts for a total of seventeen weeks. Lennon, in Denmark at the time, did not participate. McCartney was unhappy with the producer's approach and particularly dissatisfied with the lavish orchestration on " The Long and Winding Road ", which involved a fourteen-voice choir and piece instrumental ensemble. On 8 May , Let It Be was released. McCartney filed suit for the dissolution of the Beatles' contractual partnership on 31 December Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr all released solo albums in Their solo records sometimes involved one or more of the others; [] Starr's Ringo was the only album to include compositions and performances by all four ex-Beatles, albeit on separate songs. Two double-LP sets of the Beatles' greatest hits, compiled by Klein, — and — , were released in , at first under the Apple Records imprint. The music and enduring fame of the Beatles were commercially exploited in various other ways, again often outside their creative control. Displeased with the production's use of his song, Harrison withdrew his permission to use it. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band , a musical film starring the Bee Gees and Peter Frampton , was a commercial failure and an "artistic fiasco", according to Ingham. Accompanying the wave of Beatles nostalgia and persistent reunion rumours in the US during the s, several entrepreneurs made public offers to the Beatles for a reunion concert. Lennon and McCartney were watching the live broadcast at Lennon's apartment at the Dakota in New York, which was within driving distance of the NBC studio where the show was being broadcast. The former bandmates briefly entertained the idea of going to the studio and surprising Michaels by accepting his offer, but decided not to. With Starr on drums and McCartney and his wife, Linda , contributing backing vocals, the song was released as a single in May In , the Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , their first year of eligibility. Live at the BBC , the first official release of unissued Beatles performances in seventeen years, appeared in Anthology was the culmination of work begun in , when Apple Corps director Neil Aspinall , their former road manager and personal assistant, had started to gather material for a documentary with the working title The Long and Winding Road. McCartney, Harrison and Starr also added new instrumental and vocal parts to songs recorded as demos by Lennon in the late s. The Beatles' 1 , a compilation album of the band's British and American number-one hits, was released on 13 November It became the fastest-selling album of all time, with 3. Harrison died from metastatic lung cancer in November The tribute event took place at the Royal Albert Hall on the first anniversary of Harrison's death. In , Let It Be Naked , a reconceived version of the Let It Be album, with McCartney supervising production, was released. One of the main differences from the Spector-produced version was the omission of the original string arrangements. The US album configurations from to were released as box sets in and ; The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 and Volume 2 included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of the music's original American release. As a soundtrack for Cirque du Soleil 's Las Vegas Beatles stage revue, Love , George Martin and his son Giles remixed and blended of the band's recordings to create what Martin called "a way of re-living the whole Beatles musical lifespan in a very condensed period". On 9 September , the Beatles' entire back catalogue was reissued following an extensive digital remastering process that lasted four years. Owing to a long-running royalty disagreement, the Beatles were among the last major artists to sign deals with online music services. Universal was allowed to keep the Beatles' recorded music catalogue, managed by Capitol Records under its Capitol Music Group division. That December saw the release of another 59 Beatles recordings on iTunes. The set, titled The Beatles Bootleg Recordings , had the opportunity to gain a year copyright extension conditional on the songs being published at least once before the end of Apple Records released the recordings on 17 December to prevent them from going into the public domain and had them taken down from iTunes later that same day. Fan reactions to the release were mixed, with one blogger saying "the hardcore Beatles collectors who are trying to obtain everything will already have these. It aired on 9 February, the exact date of — and at the same time, and on the same network as — the original broadcast of the Beatles' first US television appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show , 50 years earlier. The special included performances of Beatles songs by current artists as well as by McCartney and Starr, archival footage, and interviews with the two surviving ex-Beatles carried out by David Letterman at the Ed Sullivan Theater. Directed by Ron Howard , it chronicled the Beatles' career during their touring years from to , from their performances in Liverpool's the Cavern Club in to their final concert in San Francisco in A week later, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was reissued with new stereo mixes and unreleased material for the album's 50th anniversary. The Beatles broke their own record for the album with the longest gap between topping the charts as Abbey Road hit the top spot 50 years after its original release. In their initial incarnation as cheerful, wisecracking moptops, the Fab Four revolutionised the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts. Their initial impact would have been enough to establish the Beatles as one of their era's most influential cultural forces, but they didn't stop there. The band's increasingly sophisticated experimentation encompassed a variety of genres, including folk-rock , country , psychedelia , and baroque pop , without sacrificing the effortless mass appeal of their early work. In The Beatles as Musicians , Walter Everett describes Lennon and McCartney's contrasting motivations and approaches to composition: "McCartney may be said to have constantly developed — as a means to entertain — a focused musical talent with an ear for counterpoint and other aspects of craft in the demonstration of a universally agreed-upon common language that he did much to enrich. Conversely, Lennon's mature music is best appreciated as the daring product of a largely unconscious, searching but undisciplined artistic sensibility. Ian MacDonald describes McCartney as "a natural melodist — a creator of tunes capable of existing apart from their harmony". His melody lines are characterised as primarily "vertical", employing wide, consonant intervals which express his "extrovert energy and optimism". Conversely, Lennon's "sedentary, ironic personality" is reflected in a "horizontal" approach featuring minimal, dissonant intervals and repetitive melodies which rely on their harmonic accompaniment for interest: "Basically a realist, he instinctively kept his melodies close to the rhythms and cadences of speech, colouring his lyrics with bluesy tone and harmony rather than creating tunes that made striking shapes of their own. If there hadn't been Elvis, there would not have been the Beatles. The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success, often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries, including Bob Dylan , the Who , Frank Zappa , the Lovin' Spoonful , the Byrds and the Beach Boys , whose album Pet Sounds amazed and inspired McCartney. Originating as a skiffle group, the Beatles quickly embraced s rock and roll and helped pioneer the Merseybeat genre, [] and their repertoire ultimately expanded to include a broad variety of pop music. Although the song "Yesterday" was not the first pop record to employ orchestral strings, it marked the group's first recorded use of classical music elements. Gould observes: "The more traditional sound of strings allowed for a fresh appreciation of their talent as composers by listeners who were otherwise allergic to the din of drums and electric guitars. The band's stylistic range expanded in another direction with their B-side "Rain", described by Martin Strong as "the first overtly psychedelic Beatles record". Innovation was the most striking feature of their creative evolution, according to music historian and pianist Michael Campbell: "'A Day in the Life' encapsulates the art and achievement of the Beatles as well as any single track can. It highlights key features of their music: the sound imagination, the persistence of tuneful melody, and the close coordination between words and music. It represents a new category of song — more sophisticated than pop There literally had never before been a song — classical or vernacular — that had blended so many disparate elements so imaginatively. Author Dominic Pedler describes the way they crossed musical styles: "Far from moving sequentially from one genre to another as is sometimes conveniently suggested the group maintained in parallel their mastery of the traditional, catchy chart hit while simultaneously forging rock and dabbling with a wide range of peripheral influences from country to vaudeville. One of these threads was their take on folk music, which would form such essential groundwork for their later collisions with Indian music and philosophy. George Martin 's close involvement in his role as producer made him one of the leading candidates for the informal title of the " fifth Beatle ". Collaborating with Lennon and McCartney required Martin to adapt to their different approaches to songwriting and recording. MacDonald comments, "while [he] worked more naturally with the conventionally articulate McCartney, the challenge of catering to Lennon's intuitive approach generally spurred him to his more original arrangements, of which ' Being for the Benefit of Mr. Compared with Paul's songs, all of which seemed to keep in some sort of touch with reality, John's had a psychedelic, almost mystical quality On the other hand, I would be stupid to pretend that drugs didn't figure quite heavily in the Beatles' lives at that time Not only was I not into it myself, I couldn't see the need for it; and there's no doubt that, if I too had been on dope, Pepper would never have been the album it was. Perhaps it was the combination of dope and no dope that worked, who knows? Harrison echoed Martin's description of his stabilising role: "I think we just grew through those years together, him as the straight man and us as the loonies; but he was always there for us to interpret our madness — we used to be slightly avant-garde on certain days of the week, and he would be there as the anchor person, to communicate that through the engineers and on to the tape. Making innovative use of technology while expanding the possibilities of recorded music, the Beatles urged experimentation by Martin and his recording engineers. Seeking ways to put chance occurrences to creative use, accidental guitar feedback, a resonating glass bottle, a tape loaded the wrong way round so that it played backwards — any of these might be incorporated into their music. Along with innovative studio techniques such as sound effects , unconventional microphone placements, tape loops, double tracking and vari-speed recording, the Beatles augmented their songs with instruments that were unconventional in rock music at the time. These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the sitar in "Norwegian Wood" and the swarmandal in "Strawberry Fields Forever". Former Rolling Stone associate editor Robert Greenfield compared the Beatles to Picasso , as "artists who broke through the constraints of their time period to come up with something that was unique and original The Beatles' arrival in the US is credited with initiating the album era ; [] the music historian Joel Whitburn says that LP sales soon "exploded and eventually outpaced the sales and releases of singles" in the music industry. Their musical innovations and commercial success inspired musicians worldwide. According to Gould, the Beatles changed the way people listened to popular music and experienced its role in their lives. From what began as the Beatlemania fad, the group's popularity grew into what was seen as an embodiment of sociocultural movements of the decade. As icons of the s counterculture , Gould continues, they became a catalyst for bohemianism and activism in various social and political arenas, fuelling movements such as women's liberation , gay liberation and environmentalism. Other commentators such as Mikal Gilmore and Todd Leopold have traced the inception of their socio-cultural impact earlier, interpreting even the Beatlemania period, particularly on their first visit to the US, as a key moment in the development of generational awareness. The Beatles were like aliens dropped into the United States of Established in , Global Beatles Day is an annual holiday on 25 June each year that honours and celebrates the ideals of the Beatles. This date has direct relation to the opening of The Cavern Club in In , the Beatles became the first band to feature on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail. The Beatles have a core catalogue consisting of 13 studio albums and one compilation. Through , the Beatles' catalogue was published almost exclusively by Northern Songs Ltd , a company formed in February by music publisher Dick James specifically for Lennon and McCartney, though it later acquired songs by other artists. Five million shares were created, of which the original principals retained 3. James and Silver each received , shares Of the 1. Harrison created Harrisongs to represent his Beatles compositions, but signed a three-year contract with Northern Songs that gave it the copyright to his work through March , which included " Taxman " and " Within You Without You ". The acquisition gave him control over the publishing rights to more than Beatles songs, as well as 40, other copyrights. The merger made the new company, then valued at over half a billion dollars, the third-largest music publisher in the world. Under US copyright law, for works published before the author can reclaim copyrights assigned to a publisher after 56 years. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. English rock band. This article is about the band. For their eponymous album, see The Beatles album. For other uses, see The Beatles disambiguation. For the insect, see Beetle. For other uses, see Fab Four disambiguation. Rock pop. Parlophone Apple Capitol. Main article: Beatlemania. Sample of " She Loves You ". The song's repeated use of "yeah" exclamations became a signature phrase for the group at the time. Sample of "Norwegian Wood" from Rubber Soul Harrison's use of a sitar on this song is representative of the Beatles' incorporation of unconventional instrumentation into rock music. We're more popular than Jesus now; I don't know which will go first — rock 'n' roll or Christianity. Sample of " Eleanor Rigby " from Revolver The album involves innovative compositional approaches, arrangements and recording techniques. This song, primarily written by McCartney, prominently features classical strings in a novel fusion of musical styles. See also: Break-up of the Beatles. See also: Collaborations between ex-Beatles. Lennon in and McCartney in See also: Lennon—McCartney. See also: Recording practices of the Beatles. Main article: Cultural impact of the Beatles. The Beatles Monument in Almaty , Kazakhstan. The Beatles statue at Pier Head in their home city Liverpool. Abbey Road crossing in London is a popular destination for Beatles fans. In December it was given grade II listed status for its "cultural and historical importance"; the Abbey Road studios themselves had been given similar status earlier in the year. See also: List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles. Further information: List of members of bands featuring members of the Beatles. Main article: The Beatles discography. Main article: The Beatles in film. Main article: List of the Beatles' live performances. We know what we mean by them. But in a week someone else says something about it, and you can't deny it. You put your own meaning at your own level to our songs. It was speculated that he was concerned that the band might not renew his management contract, due to expire in October, over discontent with his supervision of business matters, particularly regarding Seltaeb , the company that handled their US merchandising rights. The independently issued album compiled recordings made during the group's Hamburg residency , taped on a basic recording machine using only one microphone. Archived from the original on 30 May Retrieved 21 December CBS News. Archived from the original on 6 August Retrieved 28 June Rolling Stone. 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Archived from the original on 4 May Archived from the original on 16 June Austerlitz, Saul Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Badman, Keith London: Omnibus. The Beatles The Beatles Anthology. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Benson, Bruce Ellis Boyd, Pattie Three Rivers Press. Brown, Peter ; Gaines, Steven New York: New American Library. Campbell, Michael East Windsor, CT: Wadsworth. Davies, Hunter Doggett, Peter New York: Harper. New York: It Books. Emerick, Geoff ; Massey, Howard New York: Gotham. Everett, Walter The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver through the Anthology. Fisher, Marc Something in the Air. New York: Random House. Frontani, Michael R. The Beatles: Image and the Media. University Press of Mississippi. Gilliland, John The British Are Coming! Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries. Goodman, Fred Gould, Jonathan New York: Three Rivers Press. Granata, Charles L. London: Unanimous. Greene, Doyle Jefferson, NC: McFarland. Harris, Jonathan In Grunenberg, Christoph, and Jonathan Harris ed. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Harry, Bill a. The Beatles Encyclopedia: Revised and Updated. London: Virgin. Harry, Bill The George Harrison Encyclopedia. Harry, Bill b. The John Lennon Encyclopedia. The Paul McCartney Encyclopedia. Hasted, Nick Omnibus Press. Hertsgaard, Mark New York: Delacorte Press. Ingham, Chris The Rough Guide to The Beatles. London: Rough Guides. Inglis, Ian In Julien, Olivier ed. Larkin, Colin Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Lavezzoli, Peter New York and London: Continuum. Lewisohn, Mark The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. Crown Archetype. MacDonald, Ian London: Pimlico. Martin, George All You Need Is Ears. New York: St. Marten's Press. McNeil, Alex New York City: Penguin Books. Miles, Barry New York: Henry Holt and Company. London: Omnibus Press. Neaverson, Bob The Beatles Movies. London: Cassell. Archived from the original on 2 October — via beatlesmovies. Norman, Philip New York: Fireside. John Lennon: The Life. Pang, May Instamatic Karma: Photographs of John Lennon. Archived from the original on 11 January Retrieved 7 April Pedler, Dominic The Songwriting Secrets of The Beatles. Rodriguez, Robert Fab Four FAQ 2. New York: Backbeat. Sandford, Christopher Schaffner, Nicholas The Beatles Forever. Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Southall, Brian; Perry, Rupert contributor Sheff, David Golson, G. Barry ed. Spitz, Bob The Beatles: The Biography. New York: Little, Brown. Spizer, Bruce The Beatles Are Coming! The Birth of Beatlemania in America. New Orleans: Productions. Strong, Martin The Great Rock Discography. Edinburgh and New York: Canongate. Turner, Steve Beatles ' The Revolutionary Year. New York, NY: Ecco. Winn, John C. Womack, Kenneth Astley, John The Beatles Phenomenon. The Company of Writers. Barrow, Tony New York: Thunder's Mouth. Bramwell, Tony; Kingsland, Rosemary Martin's Press. Braun, Michael London: Penguin. Carr, Roy; Tyler, Tony The Beatles: An Illustrated Record. New York: Harmony Books. Epstein, Brian A Cellarful of Noise. Byron Preiss. Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Book Of Beatle Lists. Poole, Dorset: Javelin. Kirchherr, Astrid ; Voormann, Klaus Hamburg Days. Guildford, Surrey: Genesis Publications. Lennon, Cynthia New York: Crown Publishers. Mansfield, Ken The White Book. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson. Martin, George ; Pearson, William Summer of Love: The Making of Sgt. London: Macmillan. Riley, Tim Sheffield, Rob Dreaming the Beatles. New York: Harper Collins. New York: Harper Paperbacks. The Beatles at Wikipedia's sister projects. The Beatles. Pepper cover. Book Category. Articles related to the Beatles. The Beatles album discography. Albums in the core catalogue are marked in bold. Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt. The Beatles Meet the Beatles! Naked Love. The Beatles compilation discography. Naked Jolly What! Albums The Japan Box Sgt. The Beatles singles discography. The Beatles portal. The Beatles filmography and videography. A Hard Day's Night Help! Around the Beatles The First U. George Harrison. The Concert for Bangladesh Live in Japan. Is This What You Want? John Lennon. Discography Song list. Unfinished Music No. The Ultimate Mixes. Paul McCartney. Two of Us film. Ringo Starr. Awards for the Beatles. Academy Award for Best Original Score. Leigh Harline , Paul J. Sherman and Robert B. Rahman Michael Giacchino Brit Award for British Album of the Year. Brit Award for British Group. Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Billie Eilish Grammy Award for Best Music Film. Grammy Award for Best Music Video. Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame — Class of Berry Gordy. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read View source View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Wikiquote. Problems playing this file? See media help. Beetles , the order Coleoptera , are the largest group of insects. Beetles went through a massive adaptive radiation early in their evolutionary history. The evolution of flowering plants helped drive the diversification of beetles. In common with other insects, there are three main parts to a beetle's body: the head , the thorax the middle part , and the abdomen the back part. On the head, beetles have antennae feelers , eyes, and a mouth. The legs and wings of the beetle are attached to the thorax. Like other insects, beetles have no internal bones , but instead have a hard exoskeleton on the outside of the body. The exoskeleton is made of hard plates of chitin. Beetles differ from other flying insects because their front wings have evolved into hard covers, or elytra. They are thin and are kept under the elytra when at rest. Beetles lift their elytra out of the way in order to fly. A few species of true bugs have a similar arrangement. Not all beetles can fly. Some beetles do not have back wings, and some cannot lift their front wings out of the way. A few beetles have no wings at all. Some beetles with no wings look like larvae , and are called "larviform". An example is the family Phengodidae, glow-worms where the females are larviform throughout their lives. The legs of beetles help them to walk, run, swim, and dig. All beetles have six legs that is made out of several parts. Each leg ends in two to five small segments called tarsi. Most beetles use their legs to walk or run. Some beetle legs are flat and have long hairs on them. These kinds of legs are found on water beetles. Beetles that often dig in soil have flat legs with spines or horns at the edges. Flat legs with horns are called fossorial legs. A few beetles have large hind legs, similar to those of grasshoppers , which help the beetle to jump. Flea beetles are an example of jumping beetle. Beetles have compound eyes , which means the two big shiny eyes on the head are actually made out of many smaller parts. Sometimes the two eyes are each divided in half so that it looks like there are four eyes. One beetle family, the whirligig beetles , has divided eyes so that when they are swimming they can see on top of the water and under the water at the same time. A few beetles have extra simple eyes usually two called ocelli. Beetles use their antennae to smell things. Beetles also use their antennae to feel things around them. Beetle antennae do not all look the same. Some antennae are long and thin, while others are short and wide. Thin antennae are called filiform antennae, and antennae that are wide on the end are called clavate antennae. The mouth of a beetle is very different from the mouth of a person. Most beetles have two hard mandibles at the front of their mouth which are a bit like teeth. Mandibles help the beetle eat by crushing and cutting food. In some beetles, the mandibles look like big pincers. These fingers are called palpi. Beetles do not breathe; instead they have holes called spiracles in the sides of their bodies which lead to trachea , which act like lungs. Beetles do not have blood, but they have something like blood, called haemolymph. It is a green colour. That's because their haemoglobin molecule has a copper atom at its centre, whereas ours has an iron atom there. Beetles start out as eggs that a female beetle lays. Some beetles can lay thousands of eggs during their lives. A larva comes out when an egg hatches. Most beetle larvae do not look like adult beetles. A beetle larva eats and grows larger until it changes and becomes a pupa. When the pupa opens, an adult beetle, sometimes called an imago , comes out. This way of growing up is called complete metamorphosis. Beetles eat the most when they are larvae. Some beetle larvae eat the outside of plants; some eat inside plants. Some beetle larvae are predators , which means they hunt for other insects to eat. Other beetle larvae eat dead things, such as dead plants and dead animals. Not all beetle larvae look the same. Some beetle larvae are flat and move very fast. To describe these larvae, scientists use the descriptive word campodeiform. Some beetle larvae look similar to hard worms with tiny legs. These have an elateriform shape. Click beetle larvae have a special name: wireworms. Other beetle larvae are short and very thick and are called grubs. In a few beetles, the larvae change their shape after some time. Blister beetle larvae start out moving fast, such as campodeiform larvae, but end up slow and thick. Beetles eat many different things including living plants , rotting plants, animals that may be dead or alive, and animal faeces. Some beetles can eat both plants and animals, while others eat just one type of food. Beetles that can only eat one kind of thing are said to be host specific. Many leaf beetles and longhorn beetles are host specific. Beetles are tough animals for their size. They are mechanically tough the elytra , and have a variety of strategies to avoid being attacked by predators or parasitoids. These include camouflage , mimicry , toxicity , and active defence. Some beetles live in places that are hard for predators to find. Some beetles, such as longhorn beetles , live in tunnels inside tree branches. Only special predators that are small enough to use the long-horned beetle tunnels can eat the longhorn beetles. Other beetles do not live in special places but they have colours or shapes that make them hard to find. When beetles have colours so that predators cannot see them, this is called camouflage. Some leaf beetles are green so that they can not be seen when they are on green leaves. Some beetles have very complex colours so that they look like bird droppings. Sometimes beetles use colour to warn predators warning colouration. Some beetles have black and yellow stripes so that they look similar to bees and wasps. Some beetles even behave similar to bees to confuse predators. Beetles have a wide range of chemical defences, mostly got from plants their larvae eat. These chemicals make them taste bad when predators eat them. Blister beetles are so poisonous that if a horse eats only a few of them, the horse may die. Bombardier beetles squirt hot poisonous liquid at attackers. Lady beetles put out a cyanide compound when molested. Lady beetles also have colours that warn predators that they taste bad. Insects which taste foul use warning colours which birds learn to avoid. Also, other species which are tasty copy those warning colours. This is a type of mimicry , and is quite common in insects. Very large beetles sometimes fight predators. Beetles that fight will often use their mandibles to injure their predators. Beetles have sexual reproduction , and almost all go through complete metamorphosis. Some beetles have complex behavior to get a mate. Pheromones are used, and different species use different pheromones. Before reproduction, some male beetles sometimes fight to claim a female. This especially happens with stag beetles : males will fight using their long mandibles. More often, male and female beetle go through a long routine before mating. The details differ in each species — and that is the point. It is essential that mating takes place between beetles of the same species. Some beetles give special care to their eggs or larvae. Some scarab beetles , called dung beetles, roll balls of dung faeces and put them in a hole in the ground. The female lays her eggs in the dung. When the eggs hatch, the larvae will eat the dung that their mother supplied for them. In , a fossil beetle was found in the Pennsylvanian of Mazon Creek , Illinois. After the Permian—Triassic extinction event , the fossil record of insects is poor, but there are some beetles from the Lower Triassic. Ademosynidae, Schizocoleidae , Adephaga e. Hydrophilidae, Byrrhidae, Elateroidea. Dung beetles , and herbivorous beetles living on conifers , were common in the Jurassic period. The evolution of flowering plants in the Cretaceous led to the vast numbers of beetle species there are today. Different kinds of beetles can be divided into groups called families. There are many beetle families. The biggest families are listed here. Popular names are often misleading; that is why biologists use scientific names in Latin. People call some beetles by other names. Fireflies also called lightning bugs are actually beetles; so are ladybirds or ladybugs, which biologists call lady beetles. Some beetles cause trouble for farmers and people in forests because they eat crops or trees. These beetles are called pests. One beetle that hurts crops is the Colorado beetle ; another is the Maize weevil. One that destroys trees is the Emerald ash borer. Other beetles help people; lady beetle gm 1 wire alternator wiring diagram 2007 bmw x3 starter location 1999 chevy malibu ignition switch s also called ladybirds and ladybugs eat insects that hurt crops and trees. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Linnaeus , Species inventory. Groombridge B. Chapman Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Cranston Oxford: Wiley. Engel Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press. Canadian Entomologist. In Vincent H. Encyclopedia of Insects , 2nd ed. Academic Press, p — Journal of Paleontology. Perm; Deutschland ". The beetle fauna of Germany. Retrieved March 16, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Archived from the original PDF on July 18, Paleontological Journal. Archived from the original PDF on November 11, An inordinate fondness for beetles. University of California Press. ISBN Categories : Basic English words Beetles. Namespaces Page Talk. Views Read Change Change source View history. Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies. Colorado beetle , Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Coleoptera Linnaeus , Wikispecies has information on: Coleoptera.