ADALYA JOURNAL ISSN NO: 1301-2746

Translation and the New Technology

Ms. T.INDHUMATHI M.A.,M.PHIL.,

Assistant professor, Department of English,

Idhaya college for women,

(Affiliated to Bharathidasan University)

Kumbakonam.

This paper attempts to clarify the role of technology which plays in translation process. It focuses mainly on looking at the positive impact of technology and types of new technologies, despite of many questions and doubts. It is widely known that translation play a key role in the growing market for intercultural technical communication and it is already a fact that technology can assist them in several areas of their work. Through this tiny research from the wide field of technology’s impact in translation, this research aim to address the issue of how the available technological tools can best be used to enhance the translator’s job and increase their efficiency without compromising their creativity. The requirements and conditions of modern life,as well as the impact of globalization are challenges for teaching, as learners need to learn new skills and technologies in order to be able to confront them.

Introduction

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source - language by means of an equivalent target-language. A translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or Syntax into the target-language rendering. The Translator’s role as a bridge for “carrying across” values between cultures. Over the years, translation has gone under continuous evolution and has seen significant changes brought about by the advent of new technologies. Centuries ago the only companions of a translator were ink, calamus and paper. Early writing was also considered an art, calligraphy was paid much attention to the translation process. Even though later the invention of the pencil eased some of the pains by allowing the

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text to be more easily erased and overwriten, it was not until the development of the typewriter that a tool caused such a great impact.

Although computers became common in the late 1970s, and nowadays they have become an indispensable part of everyone's work, including translators. However, Computers themselves have evolved immensely and have brought innovations to the translation process.

The world we live in nowadays is a world where time is scarce and where people need many things done in a short time. The appearance of different automatic translation possibilities looks to have eased the means of communication between cultures with different languages. Translation technology is just getting to the point where the general public will start to see its impact in their everyday lives. Not only are there free, general translations engines online, but even the more tailored, advanced technology is becoming accessible via mobile devices.

We will describe a selection of Computer aided translation tools, resources and applications, most commonly employed by translators to help them increase productivity while maintaining high quality in their work and consider some of the ways in which translation technology has influenced the practice.

Technologies

The invention of the computer led very quickly to use it for translation of natural languages. In the period immediately following World War II, initial attempts were made to develop fully automatic, high-quality machine translation systems intended to replace translators. The advent of New Age software tools like Google Translate and translation memory tools like trados, translation is becoming much easier to manage. This situation has led to creation of online machine translation services such as alta vista, which offer Rapid e-mail services, web pages, etc., in the desired language, as well as to the availability of multilingual dictionaries, Encyclopedia and free Direct Access terminology databases. These tools do not pose a threat to the translators and interpreters to do their job better and are not in any way replacement for them but are to help to function better. We will discuss the four pillars of modern technology translation.

1. CAT Tools (Computer-assisted translation)

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2. Machine Translation (MT) 3. CMS - Content management system 4. TMS - Translation management system

Computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools are computer software packages aimed at facilitating translation by creating the so-called translation memories containing the choices made by the translator himself. When a cat tool is used, the source document, written in a source language, is segmented. Can be any part of a text, but it is usually a sentence ending in your full stop. After the translation is entered, a translation unit is created containing the source segment and target segment, along with source and target language information and other optional data, such the author’s name. This translation unit is added to the translation memory.

Computer-aided translation gives the translation on-the spot flexibility and freedom of movement together with immediate access to an astonishing range of up to date information. The result is an enormous saving of time. The following are the most important computer tools in the translator’s workplace, from the most elementary to most complex.

Electronic dictionaries are available in several forms, as software that can be installed in the computer, as CD-ROMs and most importantly through the internet

Concordances

They are word-processing programs that produces a list of all of their string of letters within a defined occurrences Corpus with objective of establishing patterns that are otherwise not clear.

Online Bilingual Texts

A Bilingual Corpus normally consists of source text plus its translations, previously carried out by human translator. This type of document, which is stored in electronically, is called bi-text. It facilities later translations by supporting ready solutions to fixed expressions thus automating part of the process.

Machine Translation

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MT which relies solely on software aims at assembling all the information necessary for translation in one program so that text can be translated without human intervention. CAT tools are used to provide suggestions based on the previous work done, and stored by the translation himself. Machine translation, in turn, is a process that involves the use of automatically translation of words or sentences into a language other than source.

Although, it exploits the computer’s capacity to calculate in order to analyze the structure of a statement or sentence in the source language, break it into easily translatable elements and the create a statement with the same structure in the target language. It uses huge plurilingual dictionaries, as well as corpora of texts that have already been translated.

The first functional automatic translators appeared on the market in the early 90’s. They work based on embedded grammatical rules and dictionaries. However, it turned out that. Although, it was an interesting Idea, the technology at the time was not able to produce high quality machine translation. The quality was very poor, and in many cases the meaning and context got Lost in Translation.

Another step in the development process of machine translation was SMT statistical machine translation that brought a statistical approach to automatic translation. Each sentence was created based on the probability of distribution of each word in a sentence, on the basis of underlying statistical analysis of text in a particular language

The most recent introduction to automated translation is an algorithm based on neural networks of the human brain, learning to parse words in the overall context of the sentence while comparing the similarity of individual words and phrases. This results in more accurate machine translation than ever before.

CMS – Content Management System

A CMS is the most frequently used method of uploading the translated texts, making it the best possible solution for customers. This is a great step forward in comparison to previous processes, in which it was necessary to upload the texts directly in to the source code of the website content management system have also undergone further development. For example, launch of the DITA model (Darwin Information Architecture) represented a significant

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milestone, it defines the basic rules for the structure of created documents. The author writes the text into a CMS, publishers it on the website and it is capable of creating a manual using the same text twice, and at the same significantly increase the consistency across all corporate texts.

TMS :

A Translation management system is type of software for automating many parts of the human language translation process and maximizing Translator efficiency. The ideal of a translation management system is to automate all repeatable and non-essential work that can be done by software and leaving only the creative work of translation and review to be done by human beings. A TMS generally includes at least two types of Technology Process Management Technology and linguistic Technology to aid the translator.

In a typical TMS, Process Management Technology is used to monitor source language content for changes and route the content to various translators and reviewers. These translator and reviewers may be located across the globe and typically access the TMS via the internet. Translation management systems are most commonly used today for managing various aspects translation business.

Conclusion

Translation is important because it facilitates multilingual communication and allows people from around the World better understand one another culturally, economically and socially. However, different aspects of modern life have led to the need for more efficient methods of translation. Translator therefore envisions a world where knowledge knows no language barriers. At the present time the demand for translations is not satisfied because there are not enough human translators. Furthermore, because companies want to get the products on to the shelves in all corners of the world as quickly as possible and because electronic documents such as web pages often contain content that needs to be updated frequently.

These days we more radily concede that our work is determined by internet searches, glossaries, spell checkers, grammar checkers, translation memory and machine translation databases, and anything else movement is not especially away from linearity. The more

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technology, the less easy it is to make decisions in terms of linearity, and the less we tend to see translation as communicating between people.

Worksite

1. Bowker, L. (2002), Computer Aided Translation Technology, A Practical Introduction, Canada : University of Ottowa Press. 2. Hutchins, W.(2010) Machine translation: A concise history. Journal of Translation studies. 3. Alcina, A. (2008). Translation technologies; Scope, tools and resources. 4. Doris small, “E-books in libraries: Some early experiences and reaction.” Searcher 8.9.(2000):63-5. 5. The New Oxford Dictionary of English, 2001, Oxford University Press, Ed.Judy pearsall. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

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