Training Translators for Video Game Localization
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Translation As a Critical Practice: Using Retranslation When Teaching
Quaderns. Revista de Traducció 21, 2014 199-209 Translation as a Critical Practice : Using Retranslation when Teaching Translation Jonathan Evans University of Portsmouth School of Languages and Area Studies Park Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DZ, UK. [email protected] Abstract This article addresses the question of how to relate translation theory to translation practice when teaching translation. Retranslation is viewed as a critical practice (kydd 2011) that inte- grates critical engagement with existing translations and theory into practice. This critical reflexion is part of translation competence, both in Pym’s (2003) minimalist formulation and the European Master’s in Translation guidelines. Retranslation can therefore be seen to help students achieve the sort of critical awareness that is part and parcel of translation competence. A series of practical learning activities are suggested that use retranslation. These range from analyses of retranslation of the same text to commented retranslations that ask the students to explain their own process. Each of these offers ways of going beyond textual criticism to engage with wider theoretical concerns. Keywords: retranslation; translation pedagogy; reflexive practice; translation competence; commentary writing. Resum. Traduir com a pràctica crítica: la retraducció en l’ensenyament de la traducció Aquest article prova d’exposar com es pot incloure la teoria de la traducció en l’ensenyament pràctic a les aules, i considera que traduir un text ja versionat és un exercici que integra una lec- tura crítica tant del trasllat com de la teoria traductològica. Com que, tant en la formulació mini- malista de Pym (2003), com en les directrius dels màsters europeus en traducció, aquesta consciència crítica és part de la competència traductora, retraduir es pot considerar una manera d’ajudar els estudiants a aconseguir-la. -
A Review of the History of Translation Studies
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 77-85, January 2012 © 2012 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.1.77-85 A Review of the History of Translation Studies Ali Reza Ghanooni Romance and Germanic Philology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia Email: [email protected] Abstract—This paper aims at a general review of the history of translation studies and the prevalent approaches from antiquity to the present in the west, in the form of a historical survey in which key theoretical developments are taken into account, focusing on approaches that have been developed during the twentieth century. Without a doubt, It is James Holme's seminal paper "the name and nature of translation studies" that draws up a disciplinary map for translation studies and serves as a springboard for researchers with its binary division of Translation Studies into two branches: "pure" and "applied." Its growth as a discipline goes back to the 1980s. As time elapses, translation studies, by achieving a certain institutional authority and coalescing with many a resurging disciplines and trends as cultural studies, linguistics, literary theory and criticism, brings a renewed aspect to translation theory. Index Terms—history, approaches, trends, theories I. INTRODUCTION Behind the field of translation lies the names and theories emerging at diverse periods. There are changes taking place in the history of translation; however, such changes differ from one place into another. For example, those flourishments in the western world are far removed from the eastern part. Two of the pioneers of the field are Horace and Cicero (first century B.C) whose discussions of translation practice pertains to word-for-word and sense-for-sense translation. -
Translation of Humor in the Dubbed Version of the Sitcom “How I Met Your Mother” in Vietnamese
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER TRANSLATION OF HUMOR IN THE DUBBED VERSION OF THE SITCOM “HOW I MET YOUR MOTHER” IN VIETNAMESE Supervisor : Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thúy, MA Student : Nguyễn Thị Hòa Course : QH2014.F1.E20 HÀ NỘI – 2018 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP CÁCH DỊCH YẾU TỐ HÀI HƯỚC TRONG BẢN LỒNG TIẾNG PHIM HÀI TÌNH HUỐNG “KHI BỐ GẶP MẸ” Giáo viên hướng dẫn : Th.S Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thúy Sinh viên : Nguyễn Thị Hòa Khóa : QH2014.F1.E20 HÀ NỘI – 2018 ACCEPTANCE PAGE I hereby state that I: Nguyễn Thị Hòa (QH14.F1.E20), being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (English Language) accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library. In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper. Signature Date May 4th, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I feel grateful beyond measure for the patient guidance that my supervisor, Ms. Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thúy has shown me over the past few months. Without her critical comments and timely support, this paper would not be finished. In addition, I would like to express my sincere thanks to 80 students from class 15E12, 15E13, 15E14 and 15E16 at the University of Languages and International Studies who eagerly participated in the research. -
Game On! Burning Issues in Game Localisation
Game on! Burning issues in game localisation Carme Mangiron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona _________________________________________________________ Abstract Citation: Mangiron, C. (2018). Game on! Game localisation is a type of audiovisual translation that has gradually Burning issues in game localisation. been gathering scholarly attention since the mid-2000s, mainly due Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 1(1), 122-138. to the increasing and ubiquitous presence of video games in the digital Editor: A. Jankowska & J. Pedersen society and the gaming industry's need to localise content in order Received: January 22, 2018 to access global markets. This paper will focus on burning issues in this Accepted: June 30, 2018 field, that is, issues that require specific attention, from an industry Published: November 15, 2018 and/or an academic perspective. These include the position of game Funding: Catalan Government funds localisation within the wider translation studies framework, 2017SGR113. the relationship between game localisation and audiovisual translation, Copyright: ©2018 Mangiron. This is an open access article distributed under the game accessibility, reception studies, translation quality, collaborative terms of the Creative Commons translation, technology, and translator training. Attribution License. This allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are Key words: video games, game localisation, audiovisual translation credited. (AVT), game accessibility, reception studies, quality, collaborative translation, technology, translator training [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6421-8581 122 Game on! Burning issues in game localisation 1. Introduction Over the last four decades, video games have achieved a ubiquitous role in the digital society. Not only have they become one of the most popular leisure options, they are also being used for purposes beyond entertainment, such as education, health, and advertising. -
Descriptive Translation Studies and the Cultural Turn
Descriptive Translation Studies and the Cultural Turn Dominic Castello Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics Module 5 Assignment November 2014 ELAL College of Arts & Law University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom ITS/14/04 Discuss the changes undergone by Descriptive Translation Studies as a result of the influence of Cultural Studies in the late 1980s and early 1990s. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Translation before the cultural turn 3 2.1 Descriptive Translation Studies 4 2.2 The descriptive approach 4 3.0 Culture and translation 5 3.1 External influences on translation 5 3.2 Defining the cultural turn 6 4.0 New theories: translation as rewriting 7 4.1 The politics of translation: patronage and poetics 7 4.2 Post-colonial studies: a definition 9 4.2.1 The position of the translator in post-colonial studies 9 5.0 The contemporary landscape of translation 10 6.0 Conclusion 11 7.0 References 13 2 1.0 Introduction The study of translation has, for much of its history, been perceived as a subordinate art whose remit existed outside the scholarly domains of linguistics (Fozooni 2006). The narrow band of concerns that formed the conventional focus in the study of translation behaviour has typically related almost exclusively to the authenticity of a given translation – evaluations of faithfulness and of whether translations were ‘definitive’ (Bassnett and Lefevere 1990; Xie 2009; Dinçel 2012). However, the past three decades or so have seen a broadening of scope in translation research that has extended it well outside of its traditional realm. -
Domestication and Foreignization: an Analysis of Culture-Specific Items in Official and Non-Official Subtitles of the Tv Series Heroes1
DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN OFFICIAL AND NON-OFFICIAL SUBTITLES OF THE TV SERIES HEROES1 Rafael Matielo Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/CNPq [email protected] Elaine B. Espindola Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina [email protected] Abstract: This study is inserted within the Audiovisual Translation (AVT) area and it takes up where Espindola (2005) left off. The present study draws on the analysis of the same translational product from two different perspectives: Official Subtitles (OS), rendered by Drei Marc Company in Brazil, and Non-Official Subtitles (NS), rendered by the Internet group 9th Wonders. This study analyzes the Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) and the treatment given to them in the light of the concepts of Domestication and Foreignization. The analyzed episode presented a total of 42 CSIs that were identified and categorized. The OS presented 33 foreignized items, 07 domesticated items, and 02 omissions, whereas the NS presented 32 foreignized items, 08 domesticated items, and 02 omissions. During the translational process for the subtitles of Heroes, the subtitler was faced with cultural diversity and had to deal with it. The few moments when domestication was used, the strategy used was that of adjustment, diminishing the strangeness towards the cultural elements. When the opposite occurred, the implication was that, by foreignizing, a feeling of strangeness or foreignness might have been created, possibly impacting the processing or acceptance towards these elements. 72 Rafael Matielo & Elaine B. Espindola Keywords: translation studies, subtitling, culture-specific items, domestication, foreignization. Resumo: O presente estudo se insere no campo de Tradução Audiovi- sual (TAV) e parte do estudo de Espindola (2005). -
Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications
Introducing Translation Studies Introducing Translation Studies remains the definitive guide to the theories and concepts that make up the field of translation studies. Providing an accessible and up-to-date overview, it has long been the essential textbook on courses worldwide. This fourth edition has been fully revised and continues to provide a balanced and detailed guide to the theoretical landscape. Each theory is applied to a wide range of languages, including Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Punjabi, Portuguese and Spanish. A broad spectrum of texts is analysed, including the Bible, Buddhist sutras, Beowulf, the fiction of García Márquez and Proust, European Union and UNESCO documents, a range of contemporary films, a travel brochure, a children’s cookery book and the translations of Harry Potter. Each chapter comprises an introduction outlining the translation theory or theories, illustrative texts with translations, case studies, a chapter summary and discussion points and exercises. New features in this fourth edition include: Q new material to keep up with developments in research and practice, including the sociology of translation, multilingual cities, translation in the digital age and specialized, audiovisual and machine translation Q revised discussion points and updated figures and tables Q new, in-chapter activities with links to online materials and articles to encourage independent research Q an extensive updated companion website with video introductions and journal articles to accompany each chapter, online exercises, an interactive timeline, weblinks, and PowerPoint slides for teacher support This is a practical, user-friendly textbook ideal for students and researchers on courses in Translation and Translation Studies. -
Approaches and Strategies to Cope with the Specific Challenges of Video Game Localization
Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpreting APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH THE SPECIFIC CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAME LOCALIZATION Seçkin İlke ÖNEN Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2018 APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH THE SPECIFIC CHALLENGES OF VIDEO GAME LOCALIZATION Seçkin İlke ÖNEN Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpreting Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2018 v To my grandfather, Ali ÖNEN… vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to extend my deepest thanks and gratitude to my advisor Prof. Dr. Aymil DOĞAN, who showed great patience and shared her knowledge and experience throughout this process. I would also like to thank the scholars at the Hacettepe University Department of Translation and Interpreting for imparting their wisdom during the time I studied at the University. I would also like to thank my parents Engin and Hülya ÖNEN for their constant encouragement that helped me complete my thesis. Last but not the least, I want to thank my dear friend Özge ALTINTAŞ, who helped me greatly by proof-reading my thesis and offering advice. vii ÖZET ÖNEN, Seçkin İlke. Video Oyunu Yerelleştirmesine Özgü Zorlukların Üstesinden Gelmek İçin Kullanılan Yaklaşımlar ve Stratejiler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2018. Video oyunları her sene milyarlarca dolar üreten küresel bir endüstri haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle video oyunu yerelleştirme sektörünün önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, video oyunu yerelleştirme sürecinde ortaya çıkan özgün zorlukları anlamaya çalışmak ve bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için yerelleştiriciler tarafından kullanılan yaklaşımları ve stratejileri incelemektir. Bu kampsamda Türkiye’deki iki popüler oyunun, League of Legends ve Football Manager 2015, Türkçe yerelleştirmeleri incelemek üzere seçilmiştir. -
Ruslan - an Nt System Between Closely Related Languages
RUSLAN - AN NT SYSTEM BETWEEN CLOSELY RELATED LANGUAGES Jan Haji~ J , , . Vyzkumny ustav matematxckych stroju , P J Loretanske nam. 3 118 55 Praha 1, Czechoslovakia Machinery) at the Department of Software ABSTRACT in cooperation with the Department of Mathematical Linguistics, Faculty of A project of machine translation of Mathematics and Physics, Charles Czech computer manuals into Russian is University, Prague. described, presenting first a description of the overall system structure and concentrating then mainly Input texts on input text preparation and a parsing algorithm based on bottom-up parser The texts our system should translate programmed in Colmerauer's Q-systems. are software manuals to V~MS-developed DOS-4 operating system which is an advanced extension to the common DOS. The texts are currently maintained on INTRODUCTION tapes under the editing and formatting system PES (Programmed Editing System). In mid-1985, a project of machine This system allows for preparation, translation of Czech computer manuals editing and binding-ready printout using into Russian was started, thus national printer chain(s). Texts are constituting a second MT project of the stored on tapes using an internal format group of mathematical linguistics at containing upper/lowercase letters, Charles University (for a full editing & formatting commands, version description of the first project, see number/identification, info on (Kirschner, 1982) and (Kirschner, in last-changed pages etc.; most of this press)). can be used to improve the overall translation quality. On the other hand, Our goals are both practical part of it is somewhat confusing and (translation or re-translation of new or must be handled carefully. -
The Retranslation Phenomenon
The Retranslation Phenomenon A Sociological Approach to the English Translations of Dickens’ Great Expectations into Arabic Shatha Abdullah Abdulrahman Al-Shaye Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD Centre for Translation Studies (CenTraS) University College London July 2018 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Contents Contents ......................................................................................................................... i Figures .......................................................................................................................... ix Tables ............................................................................................................................ xi Abstract and keywords ............................................................................................. xiii Declaration ................................................................................................................. xvi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. xviii Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. xx 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... -
Found in Translation: Evolving Approaches for the Localization of Japanese Video Games
arts Article Found in Translation: Evolving Approaches for the Localization of Japanese Video Games Carme Mangiron Department of Translation, Interpreting and East Asian Studies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Abstract: Japanese video games have entertained players around the world and played an important role in the video game industry since its origins. In order to export Japanese games overseas, they need to be localized, i.e., they need to be technically, linguistically, and culturally adapted for the territories where they will be sold. This article hopes to shed light onto the current localization practices for Japanese games, their reception in North America, and how users’ feedback can con- tribute to fine-tuning localization strategies. After briefly defining what game localization entails, an overview of the localization practices followed by Japanese developers and publishers is provided. Next, the paper presents three brief case studies of the strategies applied to the localization into English of three renowned Japanese video game sagas set in Japan: Persona (1996–present), Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney (2005–present), and Yakuza (2005–present). The objective of the paper is to analyze how localization practices for these series have evolved over time by looking at industry perspectives on localization, as well as the target market expectations, in order to examine how the dialogue between industry and consumers occurs. Special attention is given to how players’ feedback impacted on localization practices. A descriptive, participant-oriented, and documentary approach was used to collect information from specialized websites, blogs, and forums regarding localization strategies and the reception of the localized English versions. -
Redalyc.EXPLORING TRANSLATION STRATEGIES in VIDEO GAME
MonTI. Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación ISSN: 1889-4178 [email protected] Universitat de València España Fernández Costales, Alberto EXPLORING TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN VIDEO GAME LOCALISATION MonTI. Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación, núm. 4, 2012, pp. 385-408 Universitat de València Alicante, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=265125413016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative EXPLORING TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN VIDEO GAME LOCALISATION1 Alberto Fernández Costales Universidad de Oviedo (Spain) [email protected] Abstract This paper addresses the issue of video game localisation focusing on the different strategies to be used from the point of view of Translation Studies. More precisely, the article explores the possible relation between the translation approaches used in the field and the different genres or textual typologies of video games. As the narra- tive techniques and the story lines of video games have become more complex and well-developed, the adaptation of games entails a serious challenge for translators. Video games have evolved into multimodal and multidimensional products and new approaches and insights are required when studying the adaptation of games into dif- ferent cultures. Electronic entertainment provides an interesting and barely explored corpus of analysis for Translation Studies, not only from the point of view of localisa- tion but also concerning audiovisual translation. Resumen Este artículo analiza el campo de la localización de videojuegos centrándose en las diferentes estrategias utilizadas desde el punto de vista de los Estudios de Traduc- ción.