" --agatlnr •upporteb by -ember• of �t �obn't� fCollegr

�tfnteb for �ubietlbm; onl!}

Ql:ambrfbgt

1E, �obnt�on, �rlnit!! �treet '@dntcb bl! P\ttralft � «o. 1Ro!lt

'Divus' and 'Sanctus' in 1511-1516 197

The Public Orator and ' Divus' 200

Cadets in College 206

"Beats" 209

Roll of Honour 212

Obituary: Rev. Henry Whitehead Moss, M.A. 217

Obituary for 1916 224

Our Chronicle 240 THE EAGLE. The Library 248

Our War List 251 October Ter1111 1916. Cervantes 253

Hellenism in Being 265

The Commemoration Sermon 266 COLLEGIUM SANCTI JOHANNIS, Circumstance 274 not

Rath Jatra 276 Collegium divi J ohannis. Captive 285 (Co11fim1ed from Vol. xxxvn., p. 332.) H. M. Gwatkin 286

Of Bernard Adams 291 (27la) THE EARLY STATUTES AND 0HDINANCES OF THE The Gillespie Band-A Retrospect 292 CoLLEGE.

' Auld Lang Syne' in Russian 298 First edition, dale Wednesday 9 April 1511. Beats. II. 299

Review 303 It gives me pleasure to be able to announce that, on Saturday the 2nd of September last, I discovered and Roll of Honour 304 identified the 1511 STATUTES of the College, which I had Obituary: been assured had never existed, or if they had, no longer Rev. Joseph Bickersteth Mayor 323 existed now. John Arnold Nicklin 329 (271b) I have to qualify this statement by saying, that the Henry Josiah Sharpe 344 whole Code of 1511 has as yet not come to light, but only twelve Canon Edward Alexander Stuart 347 vellum leaves of it. These twelve leaves, however, enable Our War List 349 me to give a fairly clear bibliographical and palaeographical Our Chronicle 351 description of the Volume of Statutes, which the first Master The Library 360 and the first three Fellows of the College of St John the Evangelist received and accepted, on Wednesday the 9th of April 1511, from Lady Margaret's Executors when they founded and established that College in the stead and on the

VOL. XXXVIII. B 2 Coll. Sancti Joh. not Coll. clivi Joh. Coll. Sancti J oh. not Coll. clivi Joh. 3

site and remains of the dissolved Hospital or House of St given me proofs on tive memory, of which he had already John the Evangelist. somewhat former occasions,recalled to him at once Schiller's ",whom the poet (271c) Moreover, I have to point out that two of the appropriate poem addressed to '' Columbus despaired, twelve leaves have evidently formed part of another copy of assured that,though wit scoffed and though sailors 11 out of the same Code, as they differ from the other ten in the hand­ even if there were no land, yet now land would arise read writing, rubrics and form and workmanship of their coloured the deep." To apply it to the present case, for "land" initials. But they have an interest of their own which will "Statutes" and"Deed" for '1 deep." be explained below (§ 280k). (273) As '' evidence " for their non-existence, I was, of (272a) Already in October 1915, when writing my first course, referred to Baker, the "historian of the College '', notes for Th� Eagl� on the unauthorised use of the unsuitable who, on p. 80 of his History, not only ridicules the idea of a epithet divus in the name and title of the College, I had read body of Statutes having existed more ancient than that of in the Deed of Foundation of 9 April 1511, that, on the very 1516, but even tells us that before 1516 there had been no day when Lady Margaret's Executors founded the College, occasion for Statutes ; they were not wanted, as there was as the they had a body of Statutes ready for the proper government yet no College, no Scholars to be governed by them, and of their new Institution. The Executors say so in their four or five Fellows lodged abroad, and therefore did not fall Deed in clear Latin. Moreover, in the Deed they quoted under any regular discipline and (p. 70) had pensions allowed the Preamble and the first Chapter of these Statutes, adding them for their chambers. I was also referred to Mayor's o that these and the remaining things, which were written Early Statutes of St John's C llege, who never even alludes to elsewhere (alibi), they willed to be firmly observed by the Statutes �arlier than those of 1516. But the latter had evidently been precluded by other aying Master and the Fellows and Scholars of the College. occupations from p the necessary attention to the origin and history �of the (272b) The Deed and its contents, therefore, placed the Statutes which he so ably published, while Baker's :negative existence of Statutes in 1511 so much beyond the possibility about earlier Stalutes than those of is inexplicable ' for . 1516 of any reasonable doubt, that I did not hesitate to speak of 11e �p1ed the whole Deed of Foundation with his own hand this existence as an undoubted fact, and to quote from their � n one of his copy books, and says that "he knows that there Preamble and first Chapter, as quoted in the Deed, in my 1s •fereuce made to Statutes in the charter of the foundation." He also paragraphs 7c, 7d, 7e and 7/ � seems to have known that other authors before him lad alluded to Statutes more (272c) But as, in spite of the Deed and its plain language, ancient than those of 1516. It 1s, therefore, matter for amazeme·nt that the real I had, on inquiry, been assured that there were no Statutes ••state of things escaped him of 15111 and never had been, I mentioned them in paragraph (274) The only question 8/ as one of the things for which a search had to be made. !� s=��c to me was when how and where f these missing i For, with the Deed of Foundation before me, I felt sure that �� Statutes. A pr vate person ' � like } avmg no unrestricted Statutes had existed in 15111 and would still be hidden access to th e unarrange d Colleg e ...._ somewhere ..,cuments, could not among the College documents. begin this search . B t ould deal . u as I with the numerous 1. I . ust oncal items of (272d) When told Mr CoxI our Senior Fellow I a day or on "divus" 111 my article � 11ronolog1cal . ord two after I had discovered er. and 11ad to begin the Statutes of 1511 ' that I had never the XII. century with the re was, I thought, had any doubt as to their having existed at the foundation o to D no immediate hurry f search for a ocu ollege, men t dated the C as the language of the Deed of Foundation on 1511 <275a) Whi the point was clear and precise, his wide reading and le working, however reten- , on the present essay, 4 Coli. Sancti Joh. not Coll. divi J oh. Col!. Sancti Jolt not Coli. divi !oh. 5 which was begun in May 1915, I was able to collect and Bishop of Rochester's that, "on that day, in the Chapelof the print further evidence as to the existence of 1511 Statutes , s Exe�utors palace, a procuratorialletter from Lady Margaret from the following authentic and authoritative official docu­ notary pt�?hc and was read (in the presence of John Beyre, a ments, ranging from 10 March 1509 to 9 ApriJ 1511, and all �� F 1sher to Fisher's Registrary) empowering Bish Bishop . dealing with, or authorizing, the conversion of the Old Vlr�ue of impose Statutes upon the College," and that, m Hospital of St J olm into a secular College of the same name: 1516 dehvered. this letter Bishop Fisher had on [29th] July (1 and 2) Articles of Agreement of 10 and 14 March 1509 between : the fell�ws such Statutes to Alen Percy [second] mast r and Lady Margaret and the then Bishop of Ely , (3) the signed Bill of e. , of college, binding them by oath to the1r observanc between 21 April and 29 June 1509, (4) the Privy Seal of 25 July 1509, the (5) the Royal Licence of King Henry VIII., dated 7 August 1509, for (276b) To this document Prof. Mayor, on the same page dissolving the Hospital of St John and establishing a new College in its 395, added the following note stead , (6) Indenture dated 7 March 1510 between the Bishop of Ely and read as a whole by This instrument, which has probably not been Lady Margaret's Executors. (7) Indenture in English dated 12 December u of t�e [ 151�] Statutes, any one during the last two centuries, fixes the date 1510, between the Executors of Lady Margaret and the Bishop of Ely , conjecture. The former porbon of 1t (down to (8) which Baker assigned by Deed of the Bishop of Ely granting the site &c. of St John's Hospital printed from "asseruit" p. 396, Ji. 5) was unknown to Baker it is here to Lady Margaret's Executors for converting it into a College. La�tly (9) the sitzgle remaitring sheet of another copy of the code of 1516* preserved in the Deed of the Foundation of the College, dated 9 April 1511. the College treasury the latter portion (beginning "ratificavit" ) is written page which contains the end of Gregson's (275b) These nine documents, all written in Latin (except on the upper part of the Statute" No. 7 which is in the vernacular), made it clear that the old this Hospital of St John could hardly have been dissolved or the (276c) I had already once or twice read or perused how­ new College of St John founded in its stead in 1511, without public instrument and Mayor�s note to it. This time, a body of Statutes being preparecl beforehand for preserving ever, with the" never-having-existed" or 11 no-longer-existing" the words in italics quoted or defining the rights and privileges of the founders and Statutes of 1511 in my mind, instrument members of the parent Institution and for laying down rules above riveted my attention. What? A public 1516 on a ' sitzgle remaining sheet of as to the rights, privileges, duties, authority &c. of the of December written 11nother copy 1516" members of the new College. of the code of What could this be? If Mayor's note be correct, I thought, the notarial instrument (275c) These particulars, irresistibly pointing to the fact of 1516, written on the back of this leaf, and printed by him that Statutes were necessary at or before the founding of the on p. 395 of " Early Statutes" could only be a much later College in April 1511, I have enumerated and explained in copy of an original unknown to everybody paragraphs 266/, 266g, 267a,b,c,d,e,j,g, 268a,b1c1 269a,b,c,d1e, (276d) But if it really be the original notarial instrumen and 270. t of 2 December 1516, the sheet (=leaf) on the back of which (275d) I admit that, when I wrote those paragraphs, I it is written must be the single remaining sheet of a Code of was not without hope of finding the missing Statutes Statutes myself earlier than that of 1516, as a copy of the 1516 some day But in case these hopes could not be realised, Code would scarcely have been taken to pieces in the same ear my paragraphs might serve as a guide to others. y that it was prepared and promulgated. Ergo, was this sheet perhaps a sheet of the (276a) Towards the end of last August, however, while 1511 Statutes? preparing the present instalment of my article for the coming (277a) On Monday the 28th of August ' meeting the Master I as ' December number of The Eagle, I thought it desirable to k e d I.um to let me see that " sin�le remaining sheet " on read once more p. 395 of Prof. Mayor's Early Statutes, where is printed a Public Instrument of 2 December 1516, showing "' The italics are mine. B2 not Coll. clivi Joh. 7 6 Coli Sancti !oh. not Coli. clivi !oh. Coll. Sancti Joh.

naturally examined first of all the volume con­ which, Mayor says, the Notarial Instrument is written and (278a) I 1516 Statutes and in a few minutes realised that also the fragments mentioned by Mayor on p. 397 He was taining the yor's " single remaining sheet of another copy of the not sure whether they were in the muniment-room or in the Pro£ Ma 1516" was nothing more or less than the last vellum Library, but would make a search, and three days afterwards Code of of 1511, preceded in the volume by wrote to me that he had found the documents. On Saturday leaf of the missing Statutes not mentioned the 2nd of September the Master handed me in the Lodge another vellum leaf of the same missing Statutes They are uumbered by Mayor respectively 31 two volumes, one containing the 1516, the other the 1524, by him. Statutes, besides a cardboard box containing loose vellum and 32. leaves. (278b) Before I describe these two leaves, I have to (271b) The two volumes handed to me are bound, unfor· record that they both passed through Prof. Mayor's hands. tunately, in beautiful red morocco, and lettered on the back, On the first fly-leaf of the volume, inserted by the modern �espectively "STATUTA COLL. DIVI JOHANNIS 1516 binders, he wrote BOUND 1877" and "STATUTA COLL. DIVI JOHANNIS "For an account of this Code see Baker's History of St John's College, 565-6. 565 lines which Mr Baker 1524 BOUND 1877" Cambr 1869, pp. 80-82, On p. the took such pains to deface are deciphered. Folios 31, 32 and folio 35 wer' (277c) This binding, I am sorry to say, was done in 1877 by me i11Serted itJ the book wheu reboutzd* in 1877 See the whole Code [by the Cambridge bookbinders Sayer and Wilson] under printed in Early Statutes of St John's College (Cambr 1859, 8vo) pp. the direction of Prof. Mayor, the very man whose extensive 349-408." 17 May 1877" John E. B. Mayor acquaintance with Latin, the Latin Classics and the early Fathers of the Church, ought to have saved him from per­ (278c) I do not quite see how Prof. Mayor could have petuating the error of 11 divus" in the name and title of the inserted fol. 35 without 36 (also numbered by him), for the College. latter fol. (36) is the other half of fol. 35 (the two leaves

(277 d) The same lettering (mutatis mutaudis) appears on having originally, no doubt, formed a sheet of foolscap) and actually contains the endorsement (in a contemporary hand) the backs of the Statutes of 1530 and 1545, bound in the same luxurious way under the same direction. But, though "Statutum Magistri roberti Doket" to the Statute published on the outside of the four volumes the College is styled by him on p. 400 sqq. of his Early Statutes. 11 Collegium divi Joha1mis ", inside each volume a book-plate is pasted bearing the Arms of the College and the printed (279) On Monday the 4th of September, examining the legend u Collegium Sancti Johannis Evangelistae in Academia loose vellum leaves in the cardboard box, which the Master Cantabrigiensi." had also placed at my disposal, I found eight more leaves (277e) I presume, but cannot say with certainty, that this (which formed an ordinary quire or gathering) all bearing full-dress binding in 1877 was caused by the passing of the sure marks of belonging to the same Code of 1511 as the Universities of Oxford ami Cambridge Act of 1877, in conse· two leaves already mentioned. The Codex had evidently be quence of which "University of Cambridge Commissioners" en taken to pieces, perhaps in or before the year 1516, in order were appointed who "did on the 21st day of March 1881, that the compiler of the contemplated new body· of Statut make Statutes under the provisions of the said Act for the es of 1516 might write his alterations or additions for the n College of St John the Evangelist." Her Majesty having ew, on the leaves of the old, edition. taken the said Statutes into consideration declared on the 3rd of May, 1882, her approval of the same. (See below, * What has become of the original binding ? § 300) 9 8 Coll. Sa11cli Joh. not Coll. clivi Joh. Coll. Sa11cti Joh. not Coll. divi Joh.

(280a) Here follows a short bibliographical and pala�o­ li. 21) to, and including, the word "ex" of Mayor's p. 369, graphical description of the precious parchment leaves now li. 18. saved, let us hope for ever, from destruction and oblivion. (280/) Every chapter in the quire is �rovi�ed with a While describing them I shall point out a few particulars in headline in rubrics, while each chapter begms w1th � large their text or in the leaves themselves, which prove that these ornamental Lom bardic initial in blue pigment and 1s duly once formed part of that body of Statutes which Lady leaves numbered in Arabic numbers. This rubrication and orna­ Margaret's Executors refer to in the lines 83 to 91 of their mentation prove that the leaves were prepared for, and have Deed of Foundation (dated Wednesday the 9th of Apri11511), served as, a manuscript volume issued for public or private use. as having been compiled by them for the good government (280g) The quire commences with th latter part of Cap. of the College of St John the Evangelist, founded by them on � 11 . 10 that is from minus tunc" (Mayor s, p. 359, h. 21) to that day, and from which, in the lines 85-90 of the same u �ntedicti" (ibid. line 25), after which the page proceeds Deed they quote the Preamble and the first Chapter, stating with the chapter De necessaria antecedentibus Electioncm that the remainder was written elsewhere (alibi). (Mayor's p. 359, li. 26) numbered as 11 c. 11 ".' and the s�x­ (280b) I begin with the four vellum sheets, which ar e teenth page of the quire ends, as has been sa1d above, w1th still folded and joined together and, even in their loose the beginning of the chapter De Senescallo &c., numbered as condition, show that they at one time formed, as they do now, c. 22 ( = [Cap. xviii.J in Prof. Mayor's text of the 1516 Code) a quire or gathering of four sheets, that is eight folio leaves (280h) It seems also clear that, as the text of ten pages (= sixteen folio pages), which, sewn together in the centre, (359 to 369) of Mayor's Code of 1516 appears on the sixteen must have been bound with other quires in a volume. pages of the quire of 1511 and the beginning of Mayor's (280c) In speaking of the text written on these eight Code of 1516 takes up the pages 349 to 359 (also ten) of his leaves we have, of course, no choice but to base our calcu­ printed edition, the old quire just described must be the second lation of its extent on Mayor's text of the 1516 Statutes. of the old volume of 1511 The first quire, therefore, of this old volume is still to be searched for, though its beginning (280d) It is true, the text of the Codes of 1511 and 1516 (the Preamble and the first Chapter of the 1511 Statutes) is appreciably differ here and there in their wording. Already already known to us from the Deed of Foundation of 9 April in the two Preambles to these Codes this difference may be 1511, where it is quoted, as said above, in the lines 85 to 90. observed. For instance, in the Preamble of 1511, as quoted in the Deed of Foundation, the Executors speak for them­ (280t) At the foot of the sixteenth page (that is, the verso selves; in the Preamble of 1516 Bishop Fisher says nearly of the eighth leaf of this rescued second quire), we find written the the same thing, but 'in the name of the Executors.'' In the two words" eade cista" indicating, as usual in most MSS., the first two words of the next (third) quire. This third first Chapter of 1511 (as quoted in the Deed) the 11 maior quire, not having as yet come to light, is one of the things pars scolarium sociorum" was to decide matters; in the same still to be searched for Chapter of 1516 the '' assensus septem seniornm" was (2ti0j) required. But these and various other differences seem to As �e have remarked above that about ten pages , be nowhere so great as to make the following calculations1 of Mayor s prznted text of the 1516 Code go 011 sixteen based on the 1516 Code, unreliable in measuring the extent pages ( = a quire of eight leaves) of the old written 1511 of the 1511 Code. Code, we may reasonably suppose that this third quire still missing, would bring us down to Mayor's page 379 or there­ (280e) The rescued quire shows a continuous text from about. the words ''minus tunc" of Mayor's Code of 1516 (p. 359, 10 Coll. Sancti Joh. not Coll. divi Joh. Coll. Sancti J oh. not Coll. divi Joh. 11

We find some evidence that this calculation is fairly a wholly unreliable guide to • take• them as not Ye t we may . correct in two loose vellum leaves, also identified by me as for the chief Code. And 1f nu mber of the leaves used t he · belonging to the 1511 Code. The first leaf begins on the leaves belongmg to t h e regard the first of the two we · recto with the words " De prandendi" &c. of Mayor's text of first leaf of the fourth quire, the sh'll m1ssmg· "co py " as the 1516 (p. 380, li. 25), and ends on the verso with the word second and third , the second of the two 1 eaves 1 eaves as l'ts . . " se" of Mayor's text, p. 382, li. 7 The second leaf begins fourth ; the fourth qmre of the ch1ef f the "copy " as its on the recto with the word "[fu]erint" (Mayor's text, p. of six leaves. �ode of 1511 seems to have consisted 385, li. 28), and ends on its verso with the word "non" of 1 now come to the remaining two leaves which Mayor's text, p. 387 li. 2. (280o) � chief or original Code of the 1511 Sta utes, belong to the � (280k) But, though these two leaves contain, as said the same hand and the same workmanship s which show � (§ above, a text of the 1511 Code, yet they differ from the leaves of the quire (2) descri ed abo�e ?80a-J). the eight . s m above eight leaves which form the (second) quire, in that the They were bound, under Prof. Mayor d1rechon, 1877 31 and text is written in a slightly different hand, while their rubrics at the end of the Code of 1516 and by him numbered § c, ,9.nd illuminated Lombardic initials are likewise the work of 32 (see above 276b, d). a different artist. � (280p). At the place where they ar bound there is a The two leaves, however, have this additional interest for . � which Prof. Mayor does not exp]am and wh1c I dare tangle, . . us, that in various places alterations have been made in their m not attempt to clear up or remove while the Volume 1s 1ts text, and additions written in the usual way in their margins, present gorgeous binding. I, therefore, confine myself now all which alterations and marginal additions duly appear in to a provisional description of these two valuable leaves 31 the 1516 text. It would seem, therefore, that these two and 32 which concern us at this moment, adding that the leaves belonged to 1' another copy" (fully ornamented and § Notari�l Instrument of 2 Dec. 1516 (mentioned above 276b) illuminated as a MS. volume) of the 1511 Code, the leaves begins on the verso of leaf 32 and ends on another leaf not of which were used as a kind of "copy" to the scribe of the directly connected with either of the Codes. 1516 Code. (280q) The first leaf (31) begins on its recto with the Basing ourselves on the above calculations of ten (2801) word " pro " of Mayor's text (p. 390, li. 6) and ends on its pages of Mayor's printed text of 1516 being equal to sixteen verso with the word" carere" of Mayor's text (p. 391, li. 13). pages of the old 1511 Code, we may reasonably assume that The second leaf (32) begins on its recto with the word "aut'' the text of the first of these two leaves will link on, at of Mayor's text (p. 394, li. 22) and ends on the same recto some place or another, with the text of the last page of the with the word "oneramus," which is the last word of the third, still missing, quire, because this first leaf begins with 1511 Statutes as well as of the 1516 Code (Mayor's, p. 394, Mayor's page 380, while the third quire was calculated to li. 36). end with Mayor's page 379 (280r) It will be noticed that here again two leaves seem (280m) Between the two leaves there are evidently one or to be missing between the first leaf (31) and the second (32), an two leaves missing, for the first stops at Mayor's p. 382, li. 7, d we may probably conclude from this, that the quire (the l while the second begins at Mayor's li. 28 of p. 385. ast of the Codex) to which the two leaves belong, consisted of not more than four leaves ( = two sheets), leaf being its We cannot speak of 31 (280n) these two leaves as a part of first, a nd leaf 32 the fourth. the fourth quire of the 1511 Volume, becau_se, as said above, (280 I they evidently belong to another copy of the 1511 Code. s) f this ca,lculation is correct, the chief or original Coll. Sancti Joh. not Coll clivi Joh. 13 12 Coll. Saucti Joh. not Coll. divi Joh.

rics, and each chapter begins with a large ornamental Code of 1511 (th.at is, the Volume which Lady Margaret's rub bardic initial in blue pigment. Executors had ready for the Master and Fellows on the 9th Lom I need not say that rough drafts or mere models for of April 1511, when they founded the College) appears to bes are not ornamented or finished in this way have been written on three quires of eight parchment leaves scri each, a fourth of six leaves and a fifth of four leaves, making (281d) I have not been asked a fourth question; but as it together a volume of thirty-four folio parchment leaves. might conceivably be asked, I will endeavour to put it here Of these thirty-four leaves ten have now been recovered, and at the same time give an answer to it. while two leaves belonging to a copy of the original Statutes In the course of my article I have had more than once 1511 of contain portions of them and may thus, while occasion to point out that, though Bishop Fisher, one of we search for further leaves of the original, be of use to us Lady Margaret's Executors, brought the unsuitable epithet when making an effort to construct the text of the earliest "divus" for the first time into the College documents (that 1511 Statutes of the College. is, in the Preamble to the Statutes, as quoted in the 1511, All the leaves are in fairly good preservation, but the Executors' Deed of Foundation of 9 April where he crustation of dust mixed with damp has injured the text here speaks of "clivus Johannes "),the Executors,as a body, make 1511 and there to this extent that a few words are illegible and themselves responsible for compiling and issuing the can only be guessed at by the context. Statutes. They distinctly say so in the lines 83 to 87 of their The text of the old original Code as well as of the copy, Deed of Foundation, as may be seen from the Latin text is written in a large bold book-hand. Twenty lines go to a and the English translation of it,printed in the two preceding full page. numbers of The Eagle.

(281a) The moment I had discovered the 1511 Statutes I This responsibility the Executors also assume in the 1511, was asked and may be asked again: (1) Do the leaves which Preamble to the same Statutes of which they quote 85-87, you have discovered mention St John's College anywhere ? in their Deed in the lines preserving the real and (2) Cannot they be a part of the Statutes of some other authorised title of the College as '' Collegium sancti J ohannis College or Institute ? Evangelistae"

(281b) Of course, I had already put these questions to (281e) Let us now on this point compare the text of the myself, and expecting them from others, had examined the newly discovered 1511 Code with that of the 1516 Code. leaves for an answer, before I did anything else. I was In Cap. 16 of the 1511 Code, from which I have already therefore able to show my interrogator the extract I had quoted above a part of the Master's oath, the Master also made from leaf 4b, where in Cap. 16 (= Mayor's Cap. XI. swears that he will justly carry out or cause to be carried of the 1516 Code) the oath to be taken by a newly elected out by others, not only the [aforesaid] "correctiones ", but Master runs thus . likewise the 1' punitiones ac reformationes tam scolarium "Ego N.N. deum testor et hec sancta ipsius euangelia sociorum quam discipulorum quociens et quo loco eas fieri me collegium sancti iohannis euangeliste . diligenter conveniet" according to the 11 ordinationes et statuta per et fideliter administraturum ." executores Margaretae quondam comitissae Richemondiae (281c) Thirdly, I was also asked, and may be asked by pro collegii ipsius antedicti gubernatione iam edita others: Cannot the leaves be rough drafts or models for the sive imposterum edenda." 1516 Statutes of or even the later ones? (28lj ) That is, in 1511 the Master took an oath that he The answer to this question may be read above (§ 280/) Would carry out the punishments, corrections &c according where I point out that the headlines of the chapters are in 14 Call. SancLi Jo/1. not Call. clivi loll. Call. Smtcti J oh. not Call. clivi 1 oh. 15 to the ordinances and statutes, already published or tp be The above words between (") are quoted from Queen published in future by the Excwtors of the late Countess Victoria's letters patent, whereby, on the 28lh day of April Margaret of Richmond. in the xii. year of her reign (1849), she granted a new body (281g) But in 1516, when new Statutes appeared to have [the seventh J of Statutes revised and corrected. become necessary, the Executors, for reasons fully explained (in two N otarial public Instruments of that year, already alluded to above, and which I hope to print later on in (283) As regards the Statutes of 9 April 15 11, of which their chronological sequence), officially entrusted the task of alone we are treating here, we have now : drawing up the new Code to Bishop Fisher in their name. 1. Statement of Lady Margaret's Executors that they had (281 h) We know from the same Notarial Instruments drawn up divers ordinances and statutes necessary and proper that Bishop Fisher undertook and executed this task, and for the healthful state and everlasting government of the hence the clause quoted above from the recovered text of 1511 College and of the Master, Fellows and Scholars and their was changed in the 1516 Code and, as published by Prof. successors. Mayor, pp. 362, 363, reads that the Master will justly carry See the clause beginning: "Noveritis insuper quod out the corrections, punishments . . according to the nos" &c., in the lines 83 to 85 of the Executors' Deed of Foundation of 9 April 1511, printed above. "ordinationes et statuta per Johanne11l Rofjcllsem episcopum 2. The beginning or P1'eam.ble, as quoted by the Execn­ nollline executo1'u1n Margaretae quondam comitissae Rich­ in their Deed of Foundation, immediately after the mondiae .... pro antedicti collegii gubernatione iam edita tors� sive in posterum edenda." abo e statement, from some writing to which they refer in li. 90 of the same Deed of Foundation in the words '' Hec et

I I cetera que alibi scripta sunt", and which now, by the (282) believe have now made it clear that, apart discovery of a material part of the Code, we know to have from Bishop Fisher's private Statutes (for which see Baker's been the volume containing the Executors' Statutes of 1511. Hist. p. xiv., and Mayor's Early Statutes, p. 238 sq) no For this Preamble see the clause beginning 'Ad cultum fewer than jive different and successive editions or com­ optimi maximi dei" &c., lines 85-87 of the Deed of pilations of Statutes for St John's College have existed Foundation. and been enacted from 1511 to 1545, under the reign of one single Monarch (Henry VIII., who came to the throne 3. The first Chapte1', as quoted by the Executors im­ in 1509 and died in 1549). They are the Statutes of 1511 mediately after the above Preamble, from the same writing (promulgated on the 9th of April, the day when the as (No. 2) the Preamble. This Chapter defines the authority, College was founded) , of 1516 , 1524; 1530 and 1545. All power and duties of the first Master of the College (Magister these Statutes remained in force until Queen Elizabeth in the Robertus Sborton), elected by the Executors by the same 18th year of her reign (1575-6) gave "authority to the Lord Deed, together with the first three Fellows of the College Treasurer Burleigh and others to revise, amend and remodel (see lines 68-70). the said Statutes, and accordingly that body of Statutes [the See the clause commencing " Principio volumus et sixth] was drawn up by which, with the addition of one statuimus" &c., lines 87 to 90 of the Deed of Foundation. Ordinance granted by King Charles I. [1635], and of one other Ordinance granted by King George IV the College has ever 4. A Postscript in the Deed of Foundation, in which the since been governed." Executors declare that that which they had stated above Colt. Sa11cti oh. not Col!. clivi Joh. 17 16 Col!. Saucli Io h. not Col!. clivi I oh. J (in their Deed of Foundation) and " the remaining matters College under the first Master (Robert Shorton, 1511-1516), writtw dsew!u:re", they wish to be firmly observed by the whom he describes (p. 70) as a man of business as well as Master and the Fellows and Scholars of the College, always learning, under whose "care and conduct the building rose reserving to themselves and to any one of them authority and the College revenues were adv:1nced and improved", and power of compiling, enacting, abrogating and altering and "whose only province was the structure of the house these as well as other statutes and ordinances necessary and and management of its revenues" We were. however, suitable for the sound condition and government of the "not to imagine, as some have dreamt, that there was any College aforesaid so long as they or anyone of them shall settled society or school of learning under this period, whilst live. In testimony of all these matters each of them appended the building was going up, and whilst the noise of axes and his seal in the year of the Lord 1511 and the second of the hammers banished more peaceable studies" reign of King Henry VIII., on the ninth day of April. (284d) Baker, after having brushed away the Statutes of 1511, one of the most interesting features connected with the See the clause commencing "Hec et cetera que alibi foundation of t!J e College-, refers for some of his fa c/s to a few scripta sunt" &c. , lines 90-92 of the same Deed of Founda­ accounts and other documents among the archives of the tion of 9 April 1511. College and elsewhere. But none of the later historians do even that much. Blindly accepting his facts and epitomising 5. Those further parts of the body of the Code not them, the five years between 1511 and 1516 become a blank quoted in the Deed of Foundation, but recently discovered One says that the College was "founded" in 1511 and ancl described above in the preceding paragraphs 271 &c. "opened" in 1516. Another, that "in 1511 the new Society was formed, Robert Shorton being appointed Master together (284a) The historians of the College leave a gap in their with thirty-one fellows." The "thirty-one " fellows is a slip history of the Institution between the years 1511 and 1516. for "three", as there were no more than llwee fellows elected (284b) As far as I can see Thomas Baker, in his History in 1511 at the foundation of the College, as is clear from the lines 68-70 of the Deed of Foundation printed above ; the of the College, created this gap when, speaking on p. 80 of the Second Master (elected 29 July 1516), he jokingly informed election of"thirty-one" fellows took place in 1516. his readers that there were no earlier Statutes of the College (284e) All that Baker and his successors say on the birth than those of 1516 ; that the reference to statutes in the and early infancy of the College may be pleasant reading, charter (read deed) of the Foundation (April 1511)"was only but it does not seem to be"history". for form" ; there could have been no earlier Statutes, as (284j) Baker lived and wrote his history in a time when there was no purpose for them. There were "walls to his work was sure to be regarded as remarkable and perfect. which the Statutes could have been given" ; there was a And, indeed, remarkable it is ; and, in combination with notary public, and there were governors of the works ; but Prof. Mayor's valuable additions and notes, will remain a " there was yet no College, no scholars to be governed by storehouse for the history of the College in particular, and the Statutes, and only four or five fellows who lodged abroad for that of the country and the learned world in general. and could not fall under any regular discipline" (see also But it is cruel, both on Baker and Mayor, to 1'epeat what Mayor's Early Statutes, p. xi. sqq., and above my paragraph they and others have written clown, without consulting and 266b). editing the historical documents. (284c) Yet the same Baker gives a somewhat lengthy (285) In justice to myself I believe I may say that I have account (p. 68 sqq.) of what happened in and about the been able to rectify and supplement Baker and Mayor in very

VOL. XXXVIII. C 18 Coil. Sa 11cti ol!. not Col!. clivi Coil. Saucti oh. not Call. di vi oh. 19 1 1 oh. 1 1 materi�l points, more than I could have hoped to do in the (289) For the present I can only speak with certainty of shor hn�e and wi lh the � . restricted means at my disposal, and the chronological sequence, not of the whole history, of the constclenng the cl!fficulty I have in hunting up the documents. first five bodies of Statutes, that were compiled and enacted (286) For for the good government and administration of the College the p�·esent I trust to have made it clear that, on the 9th . of St John the Evangelist at its birth and during its infancy of Apnl m the year 1511 the College was founded by Lady Margaret's and progress. They were no doubt all drawn up, scrutinized Executors and by them provided with a Master and and amended ancl revised under the highest and best auspices, three Fellows and a complete body of Statutes for the good J1rst of the founders, afterwards of the authorit1es of the government of the new foundation. Also, that these fi�·st S atutes, CoJiege and the government. In an essay as the present one � superseded in 1516 by a new Code, were th n latd astde, forgotten, which professes to show that the use of the epithet 11 clivus" � ignored and actually argued out of extstence, but have instead of 11 sanctus" in the name and title of the College is this year, after the lapse of exactly four hundred ears, illegal, unauthorised and improper, an examination of the . � been rediscovered, at least partly, rescued from obltvwn, Statutes of the College, with respect to the wrong use made and restored to their proper place in the his­ tory and annals of the College. of that worclt' divus", is indispensable, and its result is given here. (287) I have made a transcript of the whole of the ten leaves of the original . code, and also of the two leaves (290) We have seen above that Bishop Fisher introduced b�longmg to the copy . of the original code with their alter­ ''clivus" in the place of t• sanctns" as an epithet for John the ahons In the text or on the margins, for an eventual publication Evangelist, for the first time, in the College documents in whenever the authorities may deem it desirable to publish the Deed of Foundation of 9 April 1511, where he, as one of these Statutes. I am not without hopes of finding some more the Executors of Lady Margaret, quoted the preamble of the or all of the remainit� . g leaves, for which reason it is, perhaps, Statutes which they, on the clay when they founded the not advisable to pnnt the text of the recovered leaves at CoJiege, imposed on its first Master and its first three Fellows. present. He makes the Executors say (li. 85-87) that, for the worship (288) It is '' ", my duty to call attention to two reports about of God, in honour divi J ohannis Evangelistae and for the "the College Stat utes." Prof. Mayor, in his notes to Cooper's increase of the Christian Faith, they had compiled Statutes Mw1otr of Margm·ct for the Master and Fellows "Collegii sa11cti J ohannis Evan­ (Cambridge, 1874) , p . 258, . 16, says hat "very }1' � lately a copy of the College Statutes was chained gelistae" 111 the library of St John's" He, therefore, retained, in the very same Preamble, the William Blades, the well-known printer epithet "San etus '' for John the Evangelist, in the name and . and biographer of Wtll. Caxton, states on p. 2-J.of his Booh title of the College, though a few lines before he had called s in Chai11s (published London, 1892 him H divus ohannes ; he died in April 1890) the ''Statutes of St J " T olm's College, Cambridge, were chained in the Vestry" Whether he did so accidentally, or because he and his I have made co-exe enquiries in the library, and also searched in cutors had, in the same Deed of Foundation, repeatedly what may be � cal!e l the "Vestry" of the Chapel of StJohn's, enjoined that the College should for ever be called " Col­ but could trace netther the ''Copy of legium Sa11cti J ohannis Evangelistae", we have no means of . the Statutes, nor any challl, and no one knowing need not enquire. Certain it is that before that remembered to have seen anything of and the kind. day (9 April 1511) the word " clivus" had never appeared in any of the documents dealing with the founding of the College. On the contrary all these documents repeatedly 20 Col!. Sa11cli J oh. not Col!. clivi J oh. Col!. Sancli Jolt. not Coli. clivi loll. 21 ordained that its name and title should for ever be '' Cof­ the name and title of the College. In the form of oath, how­ legium sa11cii J ohannis Evangelistae" Nor had the word ever, which the Bishop prescribes for a newly-elected Master "clivus " appeared in any documents, ranging over more than of the College, he orders him to swear that he (the Master) three centuries, relating to its parent Institution. will faithfully administer: "Collegium sa11cli Johannis Evan- (291) By the Statutes of 1511 (the Executors' Statutes, gelislae" as we may call them), promulgated on the same day that the (295a) The third Code (of 1524; Bishop Fisher's secoud College was founded-a part of which was quoted in the Code) was provided with the general tille: "Statuta pro Deed of Foundation of 9 April 151 and the remainder l, Collegio divi Joannis Evangelistae '' In its first Preamble written in a Volume, of which, last September, I discovered (''Ut constet ") Bishop Fisher describes Lacl_Y Margaret as about a third part-a Master, on his election, was to swear . the '' fundatrix collegii Divi J ohannis Evangehslae 111 Canta­ that he would administer the "Collegium Saucti J ohannis brigia" In its second Preamble ('' Ad cultum"; simil�r to Evangelistae" with zeal and fidelity that of the Codes of 1511 and. 1516) Fisher speaks agam of (292) In the Procuratorial letter of Lady Margaret's "honorem Divi Johannis" and, a few lines further clown, of Executors, dated 20 March 1515-16, whereby they entrusted "Collegium Divi J ohannis Cantabrigia" In the publ1c Bishop Fisher, their co-executor, with the compilation of Instrument of 20 March 1515-6 (" Universis Christi ficle­ new Statutes for lhe College, they call this institution libus ", prefixed also to this Code) the Executors speak of "Collegium saucti Johannis in Cantabrigia" "Collegium saucli J obannis in Cantabrigia" (293) In a Notarial Instrument, dated 2 December 1516, (295b) But in the first Chapter of the Code, where Fisher recording Bishop Fisher's execution of his task and his defines the power of the Master, he ordains that the Master deliverance of new Statutes to the second Master of the shall defend the pleas and other matters related to the College, on 29 July 1516, the College is twice spoken of as College"sub nomine magistri, socionn11 et scholarium Saucli "Collegium Sancli Johannis in Cantabrigia" Joannis Cantabrigiae" And in Cb. xiii. he orders an elected In neither of these two public documen ts is there any Master to swear as before: "Ego N.N Deum testor et haec trace of the epithet divus. sancta ipsius evangelia, me collegium istucl saucti Ioannis On account of the proceedings recorded in the two Evangelistae firleliter aclministratumm" documents, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Codes of 1516, 1524 and 1530 are known as ''Bishop Fisher's Statutes" (295c) By Ch. xxv. a fellow is to give a Bond that he will pay £100 to the Master and fellows and scholars "Sancl� (29-1-a) In the Preamble to the new Statutes of 1516 (the Johannis Evangelistae" (" Seyut Johns College" in the Eng­ second Code, but the firstof Bishop Fisher's Statutes), Bishop lish form) in case he accepts a dispensation from his oath &c. Fisher repeats his phrase "ad honorem divi Johannis Evan­ gelistae", but adds that he, one of the Executors of the last (296) The fourth Code (of 1530 ; Bishop Fisher's third) will of the !ale Lady Margaret, had, in the name of his co­ follows that of 152+ in many respects, and has again : executors, drawn up these laws and statutes, and delivered (1) the general tille wilh "Collegium clivi Johanuis '' ; them to the master

(308b) Sanctus must ask the assent of is retained in the injunction to the Master divi Johannis" ; the Linacre Professor but in his oath, where fellows, scholars and to defend all pleas, formerly we had ,, Collegii divi J ohannis, and the master, these Sauctus, a new form was prescribed having "Collegium di'lli ils "Collegii divi J obannis" have to be ruled by pup . . .· cl l of 1684, tepnnte J ohannis" A similar change was made in the oath of the laws. But in a Decree of K111g Charles I . to the Fellows and Scholars, but in the pupil's oath sa1tclus is retained with these Statutes, the Attorney General referred Collegii" (perhaps by an oversight !). In two other places we have "Magister Socii et Scholares Sa11cti Johannis "clivus", as : "Collegium divi Johannis"and "pro divi Johan­ in (31 la) In 1882 QLwen Victoria issued a new Code, nis Evangelistae festis" ; the inscription in a book presented English ; hence the College is everywhere called "College to the library was to have "liber collegium Divi Johannis or of Saint John the Evangelist", or " Saint John's College", Evangelistae (as in the 1530 Code see above, § 307 a). And "Saint John's". But, for some reason or another, the Master the final injunction is, as in the 1530 Code, that by these laws no longer takes an oath in Latin, but is required to make a the master, scholars, fellows and pupils "Collegii divi J ohan­ � � promise in Latiu, to " Collegio Divi J ohannis" An lect c� nis Evangelistae" shall be ruled and governed. Fellow also has to make a promise in Latin to"Collegw D1vt � (309) The Statutes of Queen Elizabeth (" revised, amended J ohannis" A Foundation Scholar had originally to nake a and remodelled") begin like those of King Henry VIII ; first similar declaration in Latin, but the Statute for this pur­ we read of the Collegium Saucti J ohannis ; a few lines further pose was repealed and replaced by another in English in clown of CoiL divi J ohann is. A new Master already swears which the College is merely called '' the College" ' that he will administer "Collegium divi Johannis ' , without (3 11b) Here then, already in the Statutes of 1849, the any trace of the former Sauctus , the Fellows' oath also has "Collegium Sa11cti Johannis Evangelistae" has entirely disap­ '' Collegium divi Johannis" But the pupils' oath still (by an peared, and been replaced by a "Collegium divi Johannis " oversight ?) refers to ''Collegium Saucti Johannis " At the or "Collegium divi J ohannis Evangelistae" In the Statutes end of the code the master and scholars "Collegii divi Jo­ of 1882 we see the last three instances of the use of Latin hannis Evangelistae" are reminded that they shall be ruled in three forms of oaths or declarations in the College Statutes by the aforesaid laws. In an additional Statute of King in force at present. One of these forms was already replaced Charles I (J 635) the King sends greeting to the master and by one in English (without a title for the College) before the . c senior fellows "Coll. Divi (si !) Job. Evangelislae", but the Statutes were printed in 1885. The two remaining declara­ King's adviser says (in English) that it is a Statute for the tions or promises are still in Latin, and in them the Master Master and Fellows of '' St. John's College " (§ 298b). and Fellows promise their loyalty to a College indicated by (310) In 1849 the Master, Fellows and Scholars of the a Latin title. allegiance is not "College of Saint John the Evangelist" petitioned Queen But this College to which they vow their "-which was Victoria for new Statutes. The Queen grants them, stating the " Collegium Sancti Johannis Evangelistae still possessing that they were written in a Book of Vellum leaves and founded on 9 April 1511 by a Latin Deed to all Lady Margaret's intituled"Statuta Collegii Divi J ohannis Evangelistae Canta­ legal authority and giving effect (which he gave in brigiae '' They were printed for the College under the wishes and Ki ng Henry VIII. commands at but a spurious "Collegium same title with Divus J ohannes, but on fol. 3a a form is least three royal documents)- ", which never was printed that the book belongs to "St John's College, Cam­ divi Johannis (without Evangelista) esta there is no trace in E11glish history, bridge" The heading of the Statutes is "Statuta Collegii blished ' and of which nor . divi J ohannis Evangelistae" The oaths of the Master, in any correct, authentic, document of the Fellows and of the Scholars only kno\'V a "Collegium (312) Having already collected a good deal of material 32 Colt. Sa!lcli loll. not Col!. clivi loll. for eventually filling up the gap between 1511 and 1516 mentioned above (§ 284), I give a few items of this collection to fill up the vacant space still at my disposal.

(313) 6 May 1511. Greenwich (3 Hen. VIII.). For Thomas Farding. Annuity. See 8 July 1511. (314) May [1511 1] 26 London. Henry Hornby to Sir John Kensam and Sir William Chancleler at Ely, late brethren of Saincte Johns in Cambl'idge, and lo either of them. (R. F. Scott, in The Eagle, Vol. xvi., No. 93, Dec. 1890). I pray you to be at London upon Friday at night next coming accord­ ing to the commandment of my Lord of Canterbury sent unto you by John Lam' my servant this bearer for such considerations as he shall shew unto you more at large, unto whom I pray you give credence, trusting it shall be to your special "well and comforte." V.'hereunto I shall endeavour me to the best I can. And to make your costs in your said coming to London I send you xxs. for every of you vis. viiid. From London the xxvi. clay of May. [Spelling modernized by me.] H. F. R.-S. (315) 6 June 1511. S.B. For Sir John Peeche Knight of the body. Pat. 3 Henry VIII., pt. I m. 5. Grant for 60 years of the manors of Derlford, Cobham, Combe and Chiselhur t, Kent, in the King's gift by HE went, and comes not back again : death of Margaret Countess of Richmond, at a yearly rent of 20 marks. Yet sure he has not died in vain Delivered Oxford 6 June 3 Hen. VIII (Cooper-Mayor, p. Marg. 220 ; and Right, whose cruel price Cal. of Stale Papers I. 257 No. 1711). For Peace Is glorious manhood's sacrifice. (316) 15 June [1511 ?]. Henry Horn by to [John Fisher, Bishop] of Rochester The Master of Christ's College writes to receive money to W E. H. finish various works in his College. Vmfry Walloote desires to be paid for making a draft of the late Lady Margaret's goods and other things. (TI" Eagle, Vol. xvi., No. 93, p. 8, Dec. 1890). (317) 18 June [1511 1]. Henry Hornby to [John Fisher] the Bishop of Rochester Am glad that ye purpose to be at Cambrige to kepe my lades anniversary &c. (The Eagle, Vol. xvi., No. 93, Dec. 1890, p. 6).

J H. HESSELS.

(To be CDIIfinued.)

VOL. XXXVIII. D Utopias itt Literature. 35

of research and experiment by which means the laws of Nature are revealed to men. Bacon was so much impressed by the scientific knowledge of his own time, felt so strongly the possibilities of the new forces that were being discovered, and the new facts thatNew were Allantis coming to light about the old UTOPIAS IN LITERATURE. ones, that he made research the keystone of his system and towards the end o[ the inserts a haphazard list 11. of the experimental activities of this people and lhen describes the scientific ascendancy they had established over "We, indeed, are more certain that such a very learned man [one who matter and material conditions. It is all curiously vague, but has knowledge of the Sciences] has the knowledge of governing, Utopia, than you who place ignorant persons in authority, and at any rate shows the importance that Bacon, in his own consider them 11 suitable merely because they have sprung from rulers or have been mind, attached to these things. chosen by a powerful faction. For such knowledge as this of He refers in one place to More's which he calls yours [grammar logic or the works of Aristotle] much servile labour a feigned commonwealth." New Atlantis, on the other and memory work is required, so that a man is rendered unskilful; h<�nd, ''is a mirror to the world, worthy to hold men's eyes" since he has contemplated nothing but the words of books and has , 11 given his mind with useless result to the consideration of the dead nowhere is there so chaste a nation, and it stands therefore signs of things. Hence he knows not in what way God rules the as the com pletest contrast to the dissolute morals of Europe. universe, nor the ways and customs of Nature and the nations." The motives of its trading are also singularly pure we CAMPANELLA's City of /11e Srm. maintain a trade, not for gold, silver, or jewels, nor for silks, D_. nor for spices, nor any other commodity of matter "-these New Atlanlis indeed they possess in abundance-" but only for God's first �-- Utopia. creature, which was light ; to have light, I say, of the � ACON'S is entirely different in con- growth of all parts of the world." This perpetual desire for ception from More's The former is a enlightenment, for knowledge both of men and Nature is much less complete analysis of Utopian conditions ; insisted on again and again. At the end of the narrative lhe it is a fragment only, used by the author as an supposed author has an interview with one of lhe fathers of opportunity to convey some imagined impressions of a Solomon's House, a kind of scientific college, which aims at Commonwealth existing in that part of the globe where arriving at "the knowledge of causes, and secret motions of an AustralUtoPia; Contin ent has since been discovered. Yet the things ; and the enlarging of the hounds of human empire, to description of New Atlantis has more liveliness and colour the effecting of all things possible" : he is much impressed than the the lives of its inhabitants appear to be with the account of the work clone by this institution. more varied and enterprising ; their religion, moreover, is Here, in addition lo much else, they practised a crude not based on suppositions as to the nature of the deity but is kind of Mendelism, since the writer speaks of various revealed Christianity Apart from their kindliness and the experiments with plants which they cross one with another readiness with which they welcome strangers of suitable In the same way they conduct their research among animals, appearance and behaviour, their chief characteristic is a dissecting and examining them, that lhey '' may take light spirit of enquiry Bacon, like his contemporary, the Italian what may be wrought upon the body of man." Among.. other monk Campanella, lived in an age which to an increasing things they appear to have been acquainted with the tele­ extent was being touched by a scientific temper And so phone as well as with submarines and aeroplanes Moreover the inhabitants of his ideal State are represented as devotees their scientific knowledge was used for practical ends- 36 Utopias i11 Literature. Utopias in Literature. 37

it

dyeing, the making of paper, linen and feather work "o£ as a new and mysterious toy which might be used for all wonderful lustre." sorts of vague and incalculable purposes. And he drew up a Nor are they slow in applying their discoveries to the strange catalogue of things that he imagined it could do, just pleasures of eating and drinking and the like. The following as Montaigne in some of his Essays drew up uncoordinated passage shows their care in Newthis Atlantmatter,is: and is interesting lists of curious Civitasphysical Solis in firmities which he no doubt also as an example of that somewhat vague "quaintness " believed had aN,w semi-scientific Atlmztis. value. '' We have also which is characteristic of the Campanella's is chronologically of the same waters, which we ripen as they become nourishing, so period as the Its author, like Bacon, believed that they are indeed excellent drinks, and many will use no that the universe can only be understood by examining and other. Bread we have of several grains, roots, and kernels ; appreciating the laws of nature, and so he Cityrepresented of /he Sun the yea, and some of flesh, and fish, dried ; with divers kinds of inhabitants of his ideal State as impelled always by scientific leavenings and seasonings ; so that some do extremely move principles in their manner of living. In the a appetites, some do nourish so, as divers do live of them, synthesis of knowledge is aimed at ; its chief ruler is a without any other meat who live very long." The first priest, Hoh by name-which is the equivalent of our word sentence sounds like a modernadvertisemen t ; and indeed it rvietapllysic-who is the supreme arbiter in temporal as well seems to have been a desideratum with this people that food as spiritual matters. He is assisted by three princes, who should combine certain medicinal qualities with an appetising may be described by our words Power, Wisdom, and Love. delicacy It is characteristic of tbe collecting instinct of the age In addition to these things the College of Solomon has that the scientific information of this symmetrically arranged established sound-houses where, like modern psychologists, city is gathered together in one place as in a vast museum. the New Atlantians study the effects of sound ; there are also All the knowledge of previous ages is to be found there ; all perfume-houses, mathematical-houses, and houses of deceits the families of trees and herbs are familiarly described, and of the senses. Experiments are made and the results collected there are live specimens of every plant placed in earthen­ and collated by a special body of investigators who are ware pots ; further, atmospheric changes and the physical divided into classes according to the particular work they geography of the earth as well as geological formations are undertake. And especially they are careful to set aside represented by paintings which are intended to bring the certain men whose business it is to draw up general laws, various phenomena as vividly as possible before the spectator observations and axioms from the "experiences " and ex­ The educational value of these diagrams is obvious. "There New Atlanlis, periments of the investigators, and to consider how best to are magistrates who announce the meaning of the pictures, turn them to practical account. and boys are accustomed to learn all tbe sciences, without then, is the kind of study one might expect toil and as if for pleasure ; but in the way of history only till from a shrewd writer living in the early seventeenth century they are ten years old." Bacon, on the threshold of a scientificage, was tremendously Apart from these things a good deal of Plato's inspiration aware of the revolutions to be made by the new discoveries ; is to be found in Campanella's record of the Solar City The but in what directions he was, on the whole, unable to say, people he describes lead a philosophic life ; their rulers are though he knew they must be of a practical nature. In his chosen because of wisdom and their knowledge of the scientifically organised commonwealth, therefore, he insists various sciences. Moreover, only healthy and high-spirited New Alla11lis on the practical value of scientific research. Yet ; in spite of persons are permitted to produce and educate children. this, science to him was a romantic thing-vast, and limitless And thus male and female breeders "of the best o2natures '' in its possibilities. And so in the he introduces are distributed "according to philosophical rules." Such 38 Utopias iH Literature. Utopias i11 Litemlttt•e. 39

marriages are arranged by a physician and the chief matrons, Yet it is tme to say that the im aginary people whom he and good births are by these means ensured. It is because placed in the Solar City aspired after an intellectual life. of the emphasis that Campanella lays on the physical well­ The priests are the chief teachers who "write very learned being of his Utopian people that Havelock Ellis has treatises and search into the sciences " ; they live around the described him as ''the prophet of modern Eugenics." In dome of the temple and never descend below "unless for that Cam panella showed his desire to eliminate the unfit by their dinner and supper, so that the essence of their heads good marriages and births he may be called an Eugenist ; do not descend to the stomachs and liver " but like the supporters of that movement he was unaware' In these priest-teachers Campanella was embodying the except in broad, vague outlines, of the desired standard two most important things he knew in this life-religion and which was to be his aim in breeding the human race. And science. And the world that he created• was governed by even if such an ideal did exist it seems likely that the human these principles. ideal and that favoured by natureCivi mighttas Solis be considerably at variance. There is one passage inErewhon. the which suggests It is certainly a wide step from the Europe of Cam pa­ an opinion arrived at by the inhabitants of another imaginary nella's clay to that of the nineteenth century The scientific country, Samuel Butler's The people of the Solar age which Bacon and the men of his time bad vaguely fore­ City at one time were unwilling to slay animals because shadowed was now an accomplished fact : the Industrial pros­ they thought it cruel but later on, considering that it was Revolution had brought with it a period of apparent cruel also to kill herbs which have sensitive feelings of their perity ; society, it seemed, could scarcely escape the domi­ own, they soon realised that they would perish from hunger nation of the new plutocracy that was one of its immediate in -unless, indeed, they devised some kind of chemical food­ results. We notice, then, that the men chiefly engaged if they pushed their principles to a logical conclusion. The speculating as to the society in which they had to live were Erewhonians held a similar view It is interesting to note sceptical about it. They revolted against the blighting one here that an Italian of the seventeenth century was spec­ materialism of their time. Samuel Butler, for instance, a of lhe ulating about consciousness and intelligence in plants three of the most remarkable personalities of the last part hundred years before these becameCivitas an establishedSo/is, scientific century, was definitely sceptical about modern science fact. precisely because he found in it predominantly materialist In other ways Campanella's ruled by its attitude. Butler reached his maturity at the moment of the priest-scientists, contains much that is extremely suggestive, great boom in Darwinism : he examined the conflicting as one might expect in that age of intellectual adventure. conclusions put before the public in Darwin's books, and aim­ The writer in his Utopian dream thus conceives of a State in found himself utterly unable to accept the view of the Ertwhon which Religion and Science play an equal part. There is a less and mindless universe which appeared as the ultimate good deal that is mystical in his description, and towards Darwinian "philosophy " And when Butler wrote his the end he speaks in an imaginative passage of the relation wonderful chapters in on the Machines and all that the that is presumed to exist between Heaven and Earth. "The they could do, he was again deriding the materialism of N cws from N owhtrt, world is a great animal, ancl we live within it as worms live nineteenth century and its mistaken notion that mechanical : wilhin us." In these words Campanella appears to be progress was the only true progress. In William Morris' anticipating the philosophy of the German mystic Fechner. also, it is made an occasion of reproach a But Can panella does not pause to develop his thought ; he gainst the men of the last century that Machines were their throws 1t out haphazard chief interest and the only things they cared to bring to the and goes on to something else. . Utopias iu Literattwe. 41 40 Utopias in Literature.

11

which retail those of someone who has already written upon the highest perfection. There was one class of goods class of subject, and conclude by saying that though they quite they did make thoroughly well, and that was the So that admit that there is an element of truth in what the writer machines which were used for making things. of the has said, there are many points on '· which they' are unable to it might be fairly said that the great achievement ich were agree with him. Which these points were, I invariably nineteenth century was the making of machines wh were found myself unable to determine indeed it seemed to be wonders of invention, skill, and patience, and which worthlessa counted the perfection of scholarship and good breeding used for the productiEreonwhon, of measureless quantities of a among them not to have-much less to express-an opinion makesbifts." brief on any subject on which it might prove later that they had Samuel Butler's to which we return for the been mistaken. The art of sitting gracefully on a fence has note, is not by any means Utopia in the sense that are It is indeed never, I should think, been brought to a greater perfection other imaginary countries we have considered. New Allanlis territory, than at the Erewhonian Colleges of Unreason." a voyageUtopia of discovery into a supposed unknown society. The Erewhonians, then, suffer grievously from that self­ but by no means Butler's conception of an ideal the whole, deception and fear of giving themselves away which unfor­ More's and Bacon's are, on creators tunately are not confined to them alone. And when Butler ideal commErewlzon,onwealths-the best conceptions of their they were thus drew attention to their mental habit he was putting his in the circumstances and at the time in which is a satire finger upon oneE,-ewhou of the worst characteristics of his unhappy writing. however, is wholly a satire. It con­ century on Victorian complacency-on the religion, education, ncy. Although is not a Utopia in the true sense, it is ventional morality which grew out of that complace the worth mentioning, however, for the place it takesE1'ewho11 as a key to The author claims for himself, perfectly legitimately, out so that the social tone and intellectual attitude of its time-and of right to turn existing institutions and ideas inside the matter our time, no less than of the age last past. is the he may judge the better concerning them. Thus civilised work of a man who felt as intensely about the society of his in which the Erewhonians chiefly differ from other crime as a day as Thomas More or William Morris; unlike them he did peoples is that they treat disease as a crime and of certain not create out of that community an imaginary, idealised disease-::1. startling forecast, on Butler's part, that good State ; his endeavour was, rather, to deride, through the recent legislation. Here, again, it is insisted a-ya71'l'J of every adventure of satire, the inconsistencies and cruelties of breeding must be the aim of every heallhy society, � modern civilisation. -yvwcnc; desires to live by Grace rather than society, that is, which � Coming Race, itself through It is curious to notice that after the publication of Butler's by the Law, by the striving to reveal of healthy atire, it was hinted that the author had been considerably the necessary to it. The chief business is to produce nfluenced by Lytton's because of some and comely men and women, Butler thought, reme function ; such 1maginecl similarities between the two books. Yet it would olhers like themselves ; that is their sup and women,'' be difficult to find two pieces of creative work more dis­ as these he describes in one place as" holy men to the Erreligionewho11 similar in conception and idea. Lytton's book •is an attempt because they are most perfectly conforming 11 at a philosophic narrative with a very commonplace romance of this world. thrown in. The people whom he describes as the race of A good spe :cimen of the satirical implication in the future live beneath the earth. They have become the Erewhonian Colleges is to be found in the chapter on · masters of a mysterious force called Vril, which gives themI of Unreason" - out control over material things. It is the women, especially, ,,If," writes Butler, "the Erewhonians cannot wriggle they will commonly who have command over lhis wonderful fluid essence of expressing an opinion of some sort, 42 Utopias i1� Literature.

consequently women, or Gy-ei as they are called, are considered to be the superior sex. "Notwithstanding all their abstract rights and power," says the writer, "the Gy-ei are the most amiable, conciliatory, and submissive wives I have ever seen even in the happiest households above AN EVENING REVERIE. ground." One of the longest chapters in lhe book-which is dedicated to Max Muller-is devoted to the language ofa the Coming Race, which is much akin to the Aryan language. Lytton, in fact, throws over their customsMax and institutions� � � SLOWLY, slowly, slowly, scientific flavour, often more pretentious than real. He The yellow sun sank quotes FaradayThe Coming and Louis Race Agassiz and Muller to s p­ clown ; . And afar there gleamed port his scientific explanations. Perhaps the mos 111ter�s lllg a vista Of valley, and hill, sections in are those dealing with reltg10n. and town. The people' of Lytton's imaginary country discourage specu­ . Soflly, softly, softly, lations about the nature of the Deity ; they believe in I 1-a The shadows of night future life holding that wherever life has once been granted, were shed ; And the glimmering stars from even in the case of plants or animals, it can never be wtt the heaven's vault Shone-and the clay was dead. drawn' ; they assert,co11scious also, that every living thing is aware of its own identity, "so that it connects its past life with its Swiftly, swiftly, swiftly, :­ future and is of its progressive improvement in the A vibrant chord in my ascale of joy " soul Was tonch'd-and there spoke a The aim of the book, then, seems to be the description of 11 haunting voice "Fear not the approaching goal. race fitter in manners, morals, and laws than the races of the up.per earth. Indeed this subterranean people, it is For many a life seems wrapt suggested, is destined to return again to the upper world, in night And many things seem dead, whence it originally came, aud supplant the inferior races of But the morn shall come, and beings living there. They would bring their Vril with them. the day shall dawn With the bright sky overhead." And because they were the fi ttest they would survive. And I wander'd long, as I ponder'd lone (l'o be concluded.) 1 J F H On the words that the voice had said. 1

And what if the sky be dark ? '-I thought, And what if the night seem long ?'- I turned :-and the sun from the eastern hills H. Was bringing the birds their song.

D. A. "Seeing lhe Zcp." 45

Zeppelin, full of the strain of responsibility for his ship and crew And all this, the great structure, the elaborate machinery, the brains, the living bodies, all were reduced for me through the black silence to a strange quintessence, one long-drawn hum, that soon melted away, lost. "SEEING THE ZEP "

Srmrlay, September 3rrl, 1916. At nine o'clock I was at Rochester station seeing my friend off, when we heard the news that a Zep had been brought clown over London. We had turned out again later : in the night, at about half-past two, at the sound of firing in

111 the London direction, but had seen nothing. I made up my T was after one o'clock Sunday morning. My mind to go up to town, see my friend off, and then go and frien l and I had just called a halt after a long view the Zeppelin. '' Brought clown in flames over London" U talk the blackness of bed. He was sailing for was all the news to be found in the papers. One hoped it France the same clay, and spending a last night . had not caused a great fire in Piccadilly wtlh me at a country house about three miles from Rochester I was on sick leave. At London Bridge we learned "facts at last." Potter's Bar was the place. It came down "like a paper-bag in Despite the late hour I felt exceedingly awake. Suddenly flames." The taxi-driver had seen it. All London had been I heard a fa int "Vee-bm." I waited. Another Then : awake and seen it. The cheering had been colossal. I Another "Vee-bm. Vee-bm." "Guns, " I remarked, rather suppose we knew about it ? Yes, Potter's Bar So while bored, and got out of bed and went to the window Im­ we drove through lightning, thunder, and a splashing deluge, n ecliately the noise became much nearer, and the sky : . and all the while on the platform at Waterloo, in the back of fl1ckered wtth reflected flashes. My friend had joined me at brain lay the mystic name, the goal of my pilgrimage, the window, and together we listened until a larger "boom " my that the rest set all the pheasants in the woods cackling. " Potter's Bar." set to work to find outa Then· startled clamour somehow electrified us into action : I saw my friend off, and then our room facing south, we could not see the shells which more about this strflnge place of which, in my South-Lonclon ston I learned from were bursting north of us in the direction of Gravesend, so ignorance, I had never heard. At Eu � must take the tram to BatI ·net and follow we groped our way downstairs, and out on to the lawn, bare­ policeman that I the foot and pyjama-eel. By now the firinghac! stopped : only the crowd. This seemed good solid advice, so I sought the sky was cover d with the shafts of the searchlights, like tram. As it was half-past twelve, however, determined to long-necked sea-b1rds, groping, jerking, peering into every provide myself with food for my pilgrimage. Spying a small corner of the clouds. And then out of the silence came a grocer's shop open, I went in to buy some biscuits, and lo � bright thin vibrant hum, like a snipe drumming. Somewhere up in on the counter a most delectable German sausage, texture like the blackness, steadily steering his course by the river below crimson outside, and inside both in colour and h m, sat a pilot= somewhere was a chief engineer watching pink blotting-paper I immediately aslced for some, and . guessed Ius smoolh-runnmg engines : sharp orders were being given : was asked to specify a quantity, whereupon I the crew was all alert, stimulated by the flashing 0.shells c. quarter of a pound, which seemed a reasonable amount. . escaped, and thnllecl with adventure after the long cold I also bought a penn'orth of bread, and laid out the same voyage. And somewhere up there too was the amount of money in Dutch cheese. Next door was a 46 "Seeing the Zep." "Seeing the Zcp." 4-7

q k y

sat d w 4d. diminutive fruiterer's, where a woman in curl-papers sold me sunny green (the storm had passed as uic l as it came), I two pears, which cost me as much as all my previous o n hy a pond and ate my dinner. A stwng platoon of purchases together, viz., They were, she said, the best ducks, witll two sergeant-geese, immediately surrounded me, possible pears that it was in anyone's power to purchase. among whom I distributed the remnants of my bread and I bade her good clay, feeling it impossible to argue with her sausage, when I had satisfied my appetite and was engaged Moreover she had picked out the only two that were not with my dessert. If then made a litlle bonfire of p;1per-bags obviously sleepy, and doubtless had more need of the money and tr:un-tickets, and lit a pipe, and so proceeded on my than I. And I wanted the pears. road. I was in mu ti, by the way Thus armed with a Sunday dinner, I boarded a tram for It was three miles to Potter's Bar, and the whole road Barnet. Every one was talking of the Zeppelin, and of was full of two endless streams of traffic. On an ordinary Palter's: Bar Some even hinted that Palter's Bar was but a clay I should have deemed it a most deprJ essing sight but wayside shrine, a half-way house. To these I agave little to-claythe it was all animated by a common purpose; to-clayfor heed the most interesting remarks came from aembnrrassecl dumb man, theor first lime since I had been wounded felt the spirit of who by the mostn amazing and varied gesticul tions was front, the spirit of comradeship that needs no explanation holding an animated conversation with a rather proof. One man I met who was not part of the crowd : friend. His lo g arms waving over his head certainly spoke he was a tramp who asked me for a light, and said he was volumes, had I but possessed the code. I could hardly walking to Peterborough : what a dull thing to walk to restrnin myself from asking his friend to tell mem the wave Peterborough, when all London was moving to see the Zep ! for Potter's Bar. Potter's Bar is such a cl ull place athat I was delighted to I had to changea at one of those large tra and 'bus fi nd it was not the goal of my pilgrimage. I soon found jnnctions named from the most blatant public-house in the myself talking to a little man with lean face, who turned vicinity It was real deluge when I crossed from tram to out to be a resident of the place, and who was able to tell tram. And it was two o'clock when I reached the tram­ me details of the early morning. His house was near Hadley terminus at Barnetand set out to follow the cwwd , or rather \Voocl, about three miles as the crow flies from where the to meet it ; for the morningcrowd was returning, and I was Zep had fallen. But so thick was the ground-fog, he said, ahead of the afternoon one. I studied the faces of those that he had seen nothing except the huge glare that lit up who had lately seen the object of my quest, faces in tnxis, everythi ng at about half-past two. Of course he had heard faces on bicycles, faces talking as they w;1lked. At last I the guns all round. His brother, however, in London had determined to pierce behind these masks, and asked a boy seen the Zeppelin blaze and nose clown to the earth. Also I on a bicycle what he had seen and how far away it was. To leamecl? that a Lieutenant Robinson had brought it clown which he replied that the crowd was so large that yoLl could (later I was told of a Captain Robinson !), whether by bomb see nothing at all, and that the place was at least eight miles r machine-gun it was unknown. My friend suggested off : also that I should get wet thwugh in crossing fields and lnflammatory shells. I suggested a Lewis-gun. Finally, I ditches. I decided that this boy must be one of those craven believe, we decided upon inflammatory shells fired from a Lewis-gun. and dull spirits who cannot push to the front of a crowd : a also I knew the ignorancefi e of boys and men, not to mention So he, knowing the country, became guide, and at No women, as regards distance. So I tried another boy, who rthaw decided on one of two ways, which proved about Welll told me he bad seen ft en dead bodies,t and that the place lle longer than the way we came back. Still the stream of tr was but four miles off. I then cleciclecl lo dine in the full affic: still the crowds. Away across the rolling meadows c racliancy of such optimism, and seeing hat I had come to a ould see a straggling line of little black people clis- 48 "Seei11g the Zcp." "&ci11g t!tc Zep." 49

appearing over a ridge about a mile and a half away Then so doing passed by the thing that, unknowing, I had come to we came to a corner where we joined the road from Enfield, see. I could not see how many bodies lay heaped together and a few hundred yards on, clown by a pond, was a under a tarpaulin that only half covered them : only I know wonderful mess of congested traffic in a very muddy road. that one lay altogether uncovered, a terrible sight, the legs The grass tracks on either side were wet, beaten clown, burnt away, and leaving only charred stumps, the head and slippery : bicyclists were forced to push their cycles : blackened, the body all brown and roasted like burnt wood motorists seemed doomed to interminable stability Only in or that strange dried-flesh mummy in the open tomb in the a gap in the hedge there seemed a safety-valve through British MuseLJlll. Yet, even in its desecration, before the eyes a which, with many others, we contrived to escape, and found of thousands, it preserved a virility, almost a heroism, in death ourselves part of that straggling line we had observed from that is absent from those terrible sights in the trenches, the distance. where there is so much to remind of the life of few And so at last we were on the very border of our quest. moments ago. Here was death that might have been years Over the ridge was what we were seeking, the remnants old. So, having seen all, we passed out. probably of the very monster I had heard in the early hours of this same morning. Reaching the crest we saw a fielc11 and beyond that another field which by instinct I !mew A few hours later I was returning from Hadley Wood to contained the crowd. Three lorries were all that could be King's Cross in a crowded carriage. I had returned with seen : no looming structure, no gaunt pieces of framework my friend to tea, encountering on the way the biggest stabbing the sky We entered the field, and found a crowd crowds of all ; thousands and thousands, in the flimsiest of formed in an oval round the lorries and what seemed11 at first footwear, were on their way to see what I h<1d seen. I

voyage, perfect discipline, everything going without a hitch. Most, I expect, never dreamed of clanger or any risk much : probably most were old hands at the game. Then came the shelling over the Thames, and the triumphant passage through the noise and vibrations, until the great city of the great enemy was reached. How splendid to brood oYer the 'DIVUS ' OR 'SANCTUS.' helpless bating multitude, they, the air-kings, about to drop death on munition-factories and arsenals ! Then such a salvo of searchlights and shelling ! Truly this would be a HE inference to which Mr Hessels expresses tale worth telling. Who knows quite what happened ? himself as now inclining (Eaf(le, June, rgr6, Things got so hot that the officer gave orders to strike e p. 319),-that Dt.vus and Sa nctus may be re­ north ; the bombs were dropped into the darkness-what garded as interchangeable,-is one which I then ? Suddenly a sheet of flame, a roll of gas, a roar, and a a s myself at first disposed to adopt but which I no shaking like a volcano ! To look up from your seat and see longer look upon as tenable, as I have since observed a sea of fire : to rush to your pal, and findhim gone-where ? thatw the use of the one or the other epithet depended Oh God ! The scorchingof heat as you are jerked suddenly very much on a writer's sympathies being with Roman upward and see a dazzling glare pouring clown upon you, Catholicism or with Protestantism, and this mo re blasting sight ! Out a great stinging pain comes the sound espe ia ly after the Massacre St Bartholomew's Eve. of a machine gun popping, bringing a vision of lying lazily t e other hand, the use of Dt"vus coufo intly with on a range, in summer sunshine, at home. Home ? that of lE·vaug·ehsla might not ofunr easonably be objected I opened my eyes as the train stopped with a weary c to as involving a kind of anach ronism, fo r 'John the Sunday-night jerk. No one got out. Someone pulled up On h Evangelist ' could not properly be so styled when his the blind andlooked out. " Hornsey," he said. " Hornsey ?" urs, as a preacher of the Gospel, had said tbe girl by him. "Hornsey," said the next man with earthly labo termi use of the term Dt.vus would imply a grunt, telling a woman by him. "Hornsey," said an old nated, as the by the Bollandists man in the corner.fe ltI did not say " Hornsey " because I In the Acta Scmctoru.m, published ction coultl not think of a new way of saying "Hornsey." So I in the 17th century, have a vast col le ' again just kept silent and sociable. For we had two things in biographies, wherein each 'actor is again and ADHIS. common. We were all tired : and we had all seen the Zep. reterred to as 'sauclzts we,- as one, that is to say, whoof frequently laid claim to supernatural powers, such J B. P powers being attested by the miracles which he pro­ fe ssed to work and in which his followers believed,­ but an Acta Divz?tOrum would have seemed an absurdity as a #tle, fo r the intervention of a 'divinity ', however much it might be sought by prayers and offer ng , could not be assumed as proved by specific facts in human experience. i s Divrts ' 'Sanctus.' 52 'Divus ' or ' Sa11clHs.' 1 or 53

As regards the discrepancy between the Engl ish Fisher's opinion, belonging solely to the Pope of Rome Statutes of the College fo r I 86o and 1882, and the throughout Western Christeudom. He shrank, how­ 'Declaration ' to be made by the Master and by each ever, from an open avowal of this theory until the of the Fellows, on his admission, we have to bear in passing of the Act of Supremacy (in 1534), when, on mind the almost superstitious importance then attached his declaration of th e same before Parliament, he was to the sanctity of an oath and the consequent scrupulous convicted of misprision of treason and subsequently regard for its citation in an unaltered fo rm ; while beheaded (June, 1534). MAYOR, in editing the Early Statutes, preferred to give As regards, however, the bestowal, or assumption, what migl1t be termed the less superstzitous form. In the of the title Divus, I should say that it could not rightly reign of Henry VIII, we have to remember that pope be assumed by, or bestowed on, any individual, how­ Paul III, in his resentment at Fisher's execution, had ever eminent fo r his virtues until his apotheosis (in intimated his intention of deprivt"1zg He my of !tis I� z?tg­ pagan times), or canonization (in Christian times) ; and do m, which made it all the more necessary fo r the in the latter, the expression 1Divi Ioannis Evangelistae' latter's loyal subjects to assert his supremacy, on which might be objected to as self-contradictory, inasmuch as his claim to be styled DIVUS must eventually rest. the Evangelist pursued his labours on earth, while the In the early Middle Ages, after the restoration of n�·vus was supposed to have passed fr om earth to the Empire ot the West by Charles the Great, the Heaven. phrase "divae memoriae " was used from time to time In illustration of this, I may cite the example of a dead Emper or instead of the ordinary phrase afforded by the career of Ladislas, the notorious King "bonae memoriae " which was applied to the departed. of Naples in the first half of the fifteenth century, a Thus the Emperor Berengar I. in 893 refers to Lothar I. tyrant who outraged every recognised law, both of at as of "divae memoriae '' (Schiaparelli, Diplomt· dz" social and political life, but on whose marble tomb Bef'engarz"o I., p. 40), and Berengar's successor Rudolf Naples, erected immediately after his death, his consort of Italy in 924 similarly refers to Berengar as of "divae caused the word Divus to be forthwith inscribed. (see memoriae " Schiaparelli, Diplontt· tfalt'am· dt. Lodo vico As regards prayers for the souls of the departed III. aud Rodoljo II., p. 1 1 6;. Eagle, Dec. 1915, pp. 66, 73, 77), it may be noted that, As regards 'divus ' and 1 sanctus ', it seems to me inasmuch as these could have no significance except that sanctus was always used in speaking of the ' saint ' where the belief in Purgatory was still held, we find no on earth ; and hence, for example, the word sanctttary, evidence of their observance after the reign of our denoting the edifice where he and his fo llowers as­ Queen Mary ; although, in the original statutes of St sembled when he discoursed to them. John's College-numbering some fifty Fellows and But I have long been firmly convinced that Bishop Scholars and these 1 students in liberal sciences, civil a Fisher himself was a Catholic at heart from first to nd canon law and sacred theology '-it had been exp 1 and celebrate last , so that at certain crises, when King Henry VIII. ressly enjoined that they should pray ev 1 himself quarrelled with the Roman pontiff, he Fisher) ery day Divine obsequies for the soul ' of the Lady could not and would not recognise the right of a King Margaret, and fo r the soul of the late King Henry VII.' etc. of Euglaud to style himself 1 Head of the Church ' even (lb. p. 66 ). in the realm over which he ruled-such supre macy, in After the Reformation, the widespread dissatisfaction E2 54- 'Divus ' or 'Sauctus.' shown in connexion with the Elizabethan Statutes (on their promulgation in r 570), sufficiently explains the fact that, in the preamble to the same, we find St J ohrt referred to both as 'Sanctus ' and 'Di vus ', with the design, apparently, of conciliating each of the two great religious parties which the University was at that time divided [see 'Preamble ' to Elizabethan Statutes as printed in Docuinto ments relating to Um'versity and Colleges of Cambridge (1852), III. 245]. SAY, is grief folly, Oh Butterfly, J BASS MULLINGER, Flitting on lazy wing From thing to sunny thing of sweetness ? Say, is grief folly ?

Like you men live 'N eath showers to-clay, Sunshine to-morrow, Sorrow were folly Come pain, foreclose the jewelled wing : Come pleasure, fling the light heart upward, What gain at all in melancholy ? And still men grieve, And yet they sorrow.

From youth to age grief lies, Oh Butterfly, The slow way down with sighs men pass, Like travellers in the empty night Wailing for sunrise.

For men in life are twined In one together. The hopes they prize Touch not their single selves, But rise, like conjoint flames. Then death and change Rend them asunder.

Oh Butterfly, can you know sorrow, Drinking in warmth as wine With golden wings, Enough fulfilled with sunshine ? Can you know grief or that sad wonder That plumbs the deep of vanity with dreams ? 56

A song, Oh Butterfly, and tears lurk in it. So gay it seems, Why weep ? A melody, how sweet, unveils how sad a moment, A thought of what should be Or should have been, s. p c. 688. Of time too fleet.

These tears, Oh Butterfly, well out of emptiness, This grief is bul the spring of a fulfilling, Till in sad hearts grows power to ride the skies -�iiiilT was Thompson who really did it. He said it was On whistling wings of hope, up to me to do my bit, so688. after pondering it over Feeling from height to height, for a week or so I was duly enrolled as Special In endless pain of breath Police Constable No. I thought I had For endless sight. especially acquired merit, because I joined just after the Specials had been up five nights running for Air Raids. Death, what of death, Oh Butterfly ? Thompson says I should have acquired more merit if I had The founts of the eternal overwhelm, joined just before the five nights. Thompson is a Special But ocean years still roll Sergeant, and inclined to be cynical. I found out later that And man still stands he had acquired a gooda deal of merit by roping in a recruit. With sorrow at the helm. K. I was the recruit. Being a Special in provincial town in the Zeppelin zone F is a more serious business than it was two years ago. In those days I thought that peace-loving citizens could have been more usefully employed. I used to watch Drake and Henderson go off on their night's duty Henderson rode his motor bike, and Drake, wrapped in a voluminous coat, with a syphon of soda in one pocketa and a bottle in the other, sat on a tin of biscuits on the carrier They went out about two miles, and sat under deserted railway-bridge all night. They weren't allowed to do anything else. Drake had consulted a regular police Sergeant on the subject. " Do we stop motors ? " he asked. " No ; the regular police will do that, sir " " Well, I suppose we ought to go up on the line occasion­ ally and see that everything's all right ? " " No, sir, I shouldn't do that. The military are guarding the line, and they might shoot ! " However the whole business is very different now. I decided that I really might be a help if I joined, so off 58 s. p c. 688. s. p c. 688. 59

I went to the Police Station. There a cheery constable gave been reciting the Aramaic alphabet backwards. I remember me a blue form to sign. I signed it with a beautiful con­ there were some longish words in it, and I wondered what fidence, since the cheery P.C. would ; not give me time to sort of a hash my gardener, Perkins, had made of it when he read a word of it. He told me to hurry across to the was sworn in. Guildhall with him and be sworn in I should be just in There was an awkward pause at the end of the swearing time before the business began. in. Nobody noticed I had finished my turn, and I didn't I arrived at the Guildhall in the middle of a mutual ]mow the proper procedure. I was relieved when the cheery admiration conspiracy between the Mayor and an unshaven P.C. rescued me and took me back to the Police Station. man with no collar, who had apparently saved a pedigree From there I went home, the proud possessor of a truncheon spaniel's life (I suspected that the spaniel belonged to the (I was told not to carry it in a provocative manner), a whistle Mayor) by stopping a runaway horse, and, I suppose, losiug on a chain, a brassard, a note-book inscribed with my name his collar in the process. As far as I could make out, the and number, a paper of instructions to be followed in case of Mayor would have preferred to have given him the D.S.O. Air Raids, and a buttonhole badge. My warrant was to be or V.C., or something, but he did eventually instruct the sent on later, and the cheery P.C. could not find a hat big Chief Constable to give him a certificate. The collarless enough for me. Nature has endowed me with a 7;f sized one retaliated by making an obviously "inspired " speech, bead. I expect the Mayor, or the Chief, or somebody, is having a hat made for me. Then I shall really feel a full­ intimating that " he only done his dooty, what any other 0. citizen would 'a' done under the circumstances " This noble blown S.P.C. sentiment he repeated at intervals. F C. At last the soft soap was done with, and my friend the cheery P.C. appeared from nowhere with the blue sheet of paper I had already signed. He beckoned to me, and I stepped forward gracefully. He gave me the blue paper : '' Read this out, sir," he whispered, and added, "you don't want to shout it." I felt a bit nervous, wondering whether I ought to wait for the Mayor to ask me to begin. I was half afraid he would look at me and say, "I cannot under­ stand why a man of evidenI t good birth and education," &c., &c. As a matter of fact he didn't even look at me. Nor did anyone else ; so began. The cheery P.C. was rightI about my not wanting to shout : I didn't. I started reading it rather loudly, but as no one look the faintest notice, gradually lowered my voice to a more modest pitch. The Mayor was deep in consultation with the magistrates : a general buzz of conversational undertone was started : even the cheery P.C., who I thought had taken a proud fatherly interest in me, was discussing something with lhe Chief. I don't know what I read. There was some reference to King George, and the first word was probably "Whereas ", but for all the interest taken in my performance I might have A 'Few Eamest Wo rds ' on Samuel Butl�r 61

the man as a whole it is surely necessary not to omit the topics of Art and Science, to which Butler devoted so large a portion of his time and powers. On these heads unaffected incompetence may even in these days justify my unwilling­ A 'FEW EARNEST WORDS ' ON ness to speak. Fortunately there are not a few well qualified SAMUEL BUTLER. to judge, and I need only say that what I have gathered from excellent authority agrees very well with Mr Harris' conclusions. The claims of modern Science are so great, Er�whou The and so certain to become greater as time goes on, that those Way of �ll Fl�sh, �� . who boldly lest its logical processes deserve the warm AMUEL BUTLER, author of and npproval of mankind. It is well that progressive biologists has lately been made the sub Th�ct - in these later days see no heresy in Butler's challenge of Eagle of a slirnng monograph"' by Mr J F Hattts. some of the arguments of Darwin. Right or wrong, further Th� Eagle's It is out of the question to leave unnoticed in inquiry will decide : in any case it is clear that a real service a work so closely connected with St John's, more was rendered in checking lhe growth of what was tending to especially as Butler was one of earliest con­ become a new and cramping orthodoxy. A marked feature Life a11-d Letters of Sal/l.ttelBu tler, tributors. That I have been asked to say something on the of Mr Harris' treatment is his recognition of the vital unity subject is, I presume, due to the fact of my having some of Buller's varied work. This inner coherence is probably Erewhon. years ago reviewed the the no more than a general characteristic of men of genius, Headmaster of Shrewsbury School, by his grandson, the however wide the range of their interests may be. But in author of But that was a very different task from the case of Samuel Butler it was peculiarly liable to elude the present. I had several advantages then for dealing with observation, and we may thank the writer of this monograph the book before me, which I have not now In particular, for handling the point so convincingly. there was little necessity for the expression of opinion on In setli�g Butler before us as the ironical satirist of the the work. .lVIy main duly was to help other readers to get Victorian age, its hypocrisies andErew self-satisfaction,hon Th� Wayits deadlyof all full enjoyment out of a voluminous biogrnphy consisting Fleshunwilling ness to look facts in the face, Mr Harris is on more chiefly of letters, addresses, charges, etc., composed by common ground. No reader of or Samuel the elder in the capacities of Headmaster, Arch­ can mistake the position of the author Nor can any­ deacon, or Bishop (for he was all three in due course), and one whose memory goes back to the fifties of last century selections from private correspondence. I had no difficulty fairly deny that the satire was justified. Butler's childhood in shewing that the fascinating and instructive product was was passed in a country Rectory where Evangelical principles worthy of both the subject and the biographer prevailed. Mechanical devotion, and a conviction of the But Mr Harris has given us a critical nppreciation of a sinfulness of every thought, word, and deed that was not in very wonderful man, whomI he regards as one of the most direct conformity with those principles, made up the moral notable figures in the world of nineteenth century thought. atmosphere of Langar as of thousands of other Rectories and Rightly, as I think. But have misgivings as to my right to Vicarages. And yet, as I hope presently to shew, a despair­ an *opinion Samuel inButler, the authm·matter of ' ErewlionFor to form : the aMa soun mtdnd juhisdgment Work. Byof ing gloom was not a necessary and ever-present attribute of John F Han·is. London [Grant Richards]. 1916 thesand e religious clerical homes. Butler survived the trial. He evidently long retained a belief in his own wickedness, strove hard to overcome it ; but he very early discerned 62 A 'Few Earuest TVords ' on Sa111uel Butler. A 'Few Ear11cst TVo rds ' 011 Samuel Butler 63

that his parents and other grown-up people judged their indeed perilously near a sin-, I w:1.s surprised to observe own conduct and that of children by different standards. that some of our most deservedly respected clergy shew eel This shifting of moral footing was a puzzle to him. It set an undisguised pleasure in the use of 'these creatures.' On him thinking, and was the germ of his subsequent revolt one occasion at a dinner in a country rectory I was allowed, against the Evangelical theory of life. It struck him that as children often were, to join the party at dessert. The the sin against which these pious folk protested was mostly wine went round for the grown-up guests with the usual the sin of other people : if a true Evangelical did something decorum. When the ladies left the room, I begged to be apparently wrong, it could be (and was) explained away allowed to stay with the gentlemen, and this ·was granted. by a cleft interpretation of the moral law Ueanwhile their As one might expect, genial dignity still marked the enter­ j uclgment of other people's misdeeds was apt to be hard and tainment, where most of the company were clergymen. But uncharitable, even cruel. This could not suit with the nature the host went to the sideboard, and produced a special bottle of Samuel Buller To the encf of his clays this ruthless of rare wine. It would no doubt have been wasted on ladies exposer of shams and insincerities remained full of Christian whose curiosity might have prompted them to try it. It was kindness and charity Of course he went on satirizing what not wasted on the gentlemen, whose appreciation never de­ he believed to be bad for the human race, sanitary neglect, generated into levity. My cooperation was not invited, so I formal religiosity, Pharisaism all round as he saw it. But, c:1.nnot offer an opinion on the wine. But when a small boy where he found simple religion, as in his favourite haunts wonders he does not easily forget. Now the host of that among the Italian Alps, he could respect and enjoy its evening was a good man if there ever was one. Not long manifestations. after this he met his death doing what he felt to be his duty I venture to digress into some reminiscences of my own, in spite of his doctor's warning. He was gravely weakened for in my boyhood I saw something of the Evangelical by a recent operation, and a cold brought on by exposure society such as Butler saw, but without seeing loo much of proved fatal. When I visited the parish many years later, I it. Clergy of that school held in those clays most of the found his memory still cherished by the elder people to livings in our neighbourhood, and a good-hearted kindly lot whom he had long been a true father and friend. And his they were. Mostly of good social position and not penniless, was not an isolated instance of the virtues of the best type of their worldly ambitions (if any) were at rest. I do not think Evangelicals. that as a rule they had much learningor inclination to study. The parson of whom I have just spoken was not the Rector I am sure I do not wrong them as a class when I say that of Langar, nor was· I his son Samuel. The atmosphere of they were thoroughly satisfied with their religious equipment Langar Rectory was evidently a very trying environThement Way for of and asaw no need of adding to it or testing it. They had a atla young Fl�s!t boy, and Samuel sensitive beyond the measure of fixed set of dogmas and principles, a technical vocabulary, ordinary boys. That his portrait of his father in and profound dislike of anything tawdry or vulgar and likely is no caricature, seems certain to me. I have met a to appeal to the ignorant masses. Their note was rather clergy of the sort. And it was not without reason commonly Respectability than Zeal. Horse-dealers would advertise an said years ago that parsons' sons mos.tly went to the bad. 1 animal for sale as ' the property of Clergyman of the Church Samuel Butler did not go to the bad he went out to New of England ' : and indeed the parson was in general worldly Zealand. But before that important venture he h�d passed enough to prefer a good horse to a bad one. recall one through the usual educational course at school and college, trait common to several of our clerical neighbours that im­ as thousands of others were doing, but with different results. pressed my boyish mind. Having been warned that too At Shrewsbury under Dr Kennedy the shy self-conscious boy keen enjoyment of one's food was a sign of secular grossness- Was not really happy. The great Headmaster, an inspiring 64 A 'F'w Eamesl T¥o rds ' on Sal/lucl Butler. A 1 Few Earucsl IVo1 ds ' 011 Sa111uel Bttllcr. 65

teacher but apt to be tempestuous, did not fully understand rinlh. It was the shell of the Infirmary of St John's Hospital , him : on the other hand, he hardly did justice to his Head­ the predecessor of lhe present College, from which lhe old master : for Doctor Skinner is a portrait of Kennedy In it Chapel was also inherited. Divided up into small sets of there occur some unkind touches, too unkind to be quite rooms, il was a palace of Little-ease, approached by a narrow fair : still I cannot conscientiously say lhat it is a mere passage round lhe east end of the Chapel, and the rooms in caricature. And Butler's honest recognition of a great gentle­ it were occupied by men for whom considerations of economy man appears in the scene when the Doctor shows his contempt overrode those of comfort. These would all or nearly all be for a piece of sneaking information by dropping the dirty Sizars. If such surwundings were unfavourable to a happy document unread into the fire. I think Buller, like some social development, as they surely were, not less so was the others, learnt more from Kennedy than he ever succeeded Sizars' separate table in Hall. Here they were groupeda in admitting. But the value of an unexpressed sympathy together as a class, and it was hardly their fault if diamond between boy and master was never more convincingly illus­ did not polish diamond. Looking back on lhe past as trated than it was by its absence in this case. student of humanity, I can well imagine that official recog­ From Shrewsbury Butler came up to St John's. His nition of social iuferiority, endorsed by the unofficial altitude experiences of college life were no doubt mainly such as he of wealthier undergraduates, may have had some effect on recorded in his autobiographical novel. He was meaning to tl1e religious se11liment of many Sizars. 111 the type of enter Holy Orders, and to one of his inquiring temperament religion known as Evangelical or Simeonile great stress was the religious phenomena of the place and time offered a laid on the transitoriness of the present life and its sociala or subject for close observation. The Simeonite revival was economic distinctions, inequalities nowise correlated wilh still alive and in considerable strength, and its extravagances, spiritual worth, which an infallible jurisdiction in fulme sometimes grotesque, drew from him some of his earliest slate would redress or ignore. All the Churches held out ventures in the fieldof satire. To these Mr Han·is has called lhis prospect to inspire hope and contentment in lhe poora; attention. I will only add that Butler is inclined to connect and lhe rich did not allow tl1eir possession of temporalities his clay. Probably lo prejudice lhem against so wholesome a doctrine. Now Simeonite manifestations wilh the Sizars* of � a1 good percentage of these poor students (a numerous body in poor student who, whether bound for Holy Orders or not, those clays) were men who, having as the Americans say was willing to endure some hardness and to live day by day t found religion,' had found a cheap road to Degrees and nder lhe half-contemptuous pity of a wealthier class, was eventually to ordination on a regular footing. Such openings hkely to draw peculiar comfort from the definite assurauces were not too common. The Open-Scholarship system was of Evangelicalism. E\·en those (and they must not be for­ unknown, with all its merits and drawbacks. And from the gotten) v\' bose first object was lo give lhemsel\'es a lift in this w Johnian Sizarships proceeded a number of successful and orld, might welcome a creed apt to fortify self-coufideuce and even distinguished men. But in their ranks there were not lo console a possible failure. unnaturally individuals of lowly origin, hindered by narrow Butler was nol a Sizar His parents were able to maintain hi circumstances from triumphantly shedding hereditary un­ m as an ordinary undergraduate, and spare him a form of tr couthness. Such cases were not uncommon in my time, ials very painful to most men of sensitive nature at the av�lllaware more than twenty years later Yet it should not be supposed erage student age. Youth is generally self-conscious. An un that these rougher diamonds were all of one pattern. In dergraduate attaches undue importance to his own actions, lo 1 He · '1 1 Butler's time *th Wayere ofstill all Flesh,stood cbaplers a building xlvii andknown xlix. as lhe La by- of lhe indifference of lhe world. Even the most I V ndependentOL. XXXandVIII. original youths secretly look for standardsF w lhey may profitably conform : attempts to dissemble A 'Few Eamcst TVords ' 011 Sa111ucl Bulltr. A 'Few Eam�st TI'ords ' on Sa/1/uel Buller.

66 67 this do not deceive cool observers. These remarks are meant against the doubts of rationalists and the ineffective defences to lead up to, and perhaps to excuse, the confession that I of the orthodox. But it was in fact a work of consummate do not wholly sympathize with Butler's attitude towards these irony so subtly disguised as to veil its destructive purpose. humble fellow-students and their somewhat grotesque piety Numbers of worthy people were taken in by the complete­ The social clivision of the College was not much better in ness of the disguise, and some have never forgiven him for my time. The religious situation was changed so far that this refined mockery of Christian apologelics. I must not Simeonism was no longer a noticeable influence. But the throw stones at the reviewers and others who mistook the majority of men still came up with the intention of proceed­ real drift of the argument. When I read the book some ing to Holy Orders ; a slate of things that a modern under­ years ago, and noted its elate, I was for some time in doubt graduate could not easily understand. V\Then the time came whether it represented a genuine stage in the movement of for Butler to make up his mind, he gave up the idea of Butler's opinions, or was purely ironical. I thought it so ordination. He went out to New Zealand as a colonist and lung and elaborate that human patience could hardly haJve was for about five years [1859-64] a farmer in the new played with insincerity so laboriouslyErew!10n It wearied me, and Canterbury Settlement. The importance of this experience, cYen now I do not reckon it a jewel in Bu tler's crown. n and its effect on Butler's development, have been ably dis­ connexion with this book and it is well worth while cussed by Mr Harris, and need not be dwelt on here. to read Ur Han·is on the resemblances between Samuel Suffice it Ori th at,gin leading of Sp ecies,a lonely but keenly observant life Butler and J onalhan Swift. I cannot off-hand say precisely Press, among his sheep and cattle, he was profoundly stirred by what it is that I miss in this instructive and on the whole Darwin's which had recently appeared. convincing comparison. I can pardon the Dean of St This prompted him to write certain articles iu the a Patrick's his ferocity and grossness. But I am not aware newly-founded paper at Christchurch NZ, and was a prelude of any great unselfish andM unparlisan purpose running to the sharp controversy of later years. And we must not thmugh Swift's career and giving it the harmonious unity forget that New Zealand scenery, and ColonialEu freedomwhon. from o( a devoted literary life. r Harris himself has established the conventions and prepossessions of English life, con­ this as the true interpretation of the li(e of Butler And tributed not a little to the construction of somehow I cannot dismiss the reflexion that there were no In 1864 he sold his farm, came back to England, and Deaneries or other preferments in store for the satirist of the settled clown in London at Clifforcl's Inn. Here he was shams and insincerities of the Victorian age. It comes as a within easy reach of the British Museum Library, which something of a shock when we learn from Mr H. Fesling became one of his haunts. The unsatisfactory position*' of Jones that in 1876 Butler suffered losses through the failure religious life and thought evidently occupied his mind of investments, and was in financial difficulties for the next great deal for the next nine or ten years. In connexion witlt ten years. It was also in this year that he fi rst met I\lr Jones, sanitary neglect and theEr need�whou. of more wholesome relations \nth whom he was closely associated for the rest of his life. I between parents and children, it was shown up in a mock­ suspect that the bare announcement o£ their meeting ingly ironical form in It wasThe theFair subjectHavw, of the modestly conceals facts to the credit of this excellent friend. a famous chapter on the Musical Banks. A year later [1873] Since his return to Engl:md Butler had studied painting \V il. h appeared a more extraordinary book, which � considerable success. He had exhibited pictures, and hJs pretended* Il should to be benotec l lbatvindication lhe worsl character of the inChristian lhe Way of 1Iiraclesall Fles/1 talents might have earnedFa111il himy Prayers, no small distinction 1115 in this is a High-Church curate. depart ment of Art. I hope I may yet manage to see his C larac teristic early work a scene drawn from own youthful experiences, and by all accounts well worth A 'Few Eamest Wo rds ' 011 Samuel Butler. 69 68 A 'Few Ea1 mst TVords ' 011 Sa111uel Bulla

1877-87 country folk, their unsophisticated piety untainted by religious seeing. But while he painted and mused he was� ripening � pride, and their kindly reception of an alien inquirer, he for a far-reaching controversy The period was . found something that he could thoroughly respect and enjoy. chiefly occupied with works criticizing what I ma call the That the underlying creed was utterly irreconcilable with his that tnun phant Logic of Science. To him it appeared own views, was a matter of no moment : such barriers are Darwinism was in danger of becoming sterilized by tts too � nothing to a sympathetic man of genius."' On a common easy and general acceptance. Here, as in the case of . footing of sincerity the unquestioning peasant or priest and religion Butler was the determined enemy of all tendencies the ironical critic could meet happily In the last decade of toward a complacent orthodoxy. So be was driven to fall the nineteenth century he was engaged in study of the foul of Darwin* As I have said above, I am not competent Homeric poems. He travelled in Sicily several times, also to discuss the pros and cons of this battle over the theory in Greece and the Troacl, in connexion with this hobby. The of Evolution. But I believe I am entitled to say that Butler's two most striking results of his inquiriesOdysse werey a couviction are now admitted to have shewn weak places in criticisms that each poem is the work of a single author, not a compost as it then stood, and to have had some effect in the tbeory of earlier lays, and that the author of the was a young reconsideration and modification in recent forwarding its � woman. He also translated both poems into English, English rris points out, the controversy did reu:ho11not at years. As Mr Ha of his own, a protest against the current practice of using Oripopulagin of rSp reputationecies, of Buller The the time add to the what is known as 'Wardour Street English ' for the purpose. over its own exposure in generation that chuckled The general effect of these enterprises was to raise a number and vvas rather lllChned now worshipped the of awkward questions, into which I will not presume to enter. to regard its critic as presuming too much. Who was be to Odyssey . I know just enough about the poems to know how easy it is ? a new doclnne on rush in as a disturber of public faith in to speak as a fool : and my reason for doubting the female finality of which the world was beginning the lazily-assumed . authorship of theOd yssey isIliad better suppressed. But that Butler from the smcere to repose But nothing could turn Butler to his own delight and refreshment inhaled the glorious 1886 In isolation111 quest of truth, let the world say what it might. fresh air of both and is no small tribute to their � to the test he worked on, and left his work and his memory deathless charm. and he came� . of time. At the end of his father died, Of sundry articles and other minorErewhon works, Revisited. such as that on e comfo tably. to property enough to enable him to liv · the Sonnets of Shakespeare, I cannot speak at all : and I am Ius later ye rs Among the occupations and interests of ashamed to say that I have not read And, held a clue£ Music ' to which he had always been devoted, not being a professional reviewer, I scruple to pillage the l' clergy had place. The neglect of Music by the �vangelical account given by Mr Harris and dish it up with verbal aller­ to th�t school. probably contributed to his early anh�athy ationsLif as emy alld own. Let tersBesides, I have been (1moving896� in a Butlerian , eshng Jones He composed himself and in company with Mr � �. atmosphere, and that is enough to keep one straight.Eagle To the � Handel,Al s 189 To lovers of music he is known as a worshipper of great7 o£ his grandfather I have referred aJUlSanctuar ies 1881, omit to whose prophet he was proud to be. And I must not above. I said my say on this book in the o£ March to his repeated visits to the Alpine va ley . refer briefly . One comment may be added here. The discovery of it is true appeared in but Ius vtstts dtd his grandfather's dislike of Evangelicals was evidently to him artists who not cease. The work of little-known or forgotten a revelation unexpected, or at least far beyond his expectations, sacred * am produced the groups of coloured figures depicting anId wasdriven doubtless to use this gratifying. word, which ButlerBut we disliked. must See not the in Notebooks.fer that scenes had a lasting* Anotherfascination old Salopi foran. him. In the simple F2 70 011 A 'Few Earnest Wo rds ' Sa111uel Butler. A ' Few Earuest TtVords ' on Sa1111tel Blltler. 71

a either grandfather or grandson descended to state of feeling casual jottings. They are deliberately drafted discoveries, Eagle 1913), that could fairly be called intolerant. In the grandson's revealing to the writer himself what he bad to say on this or case, his friendly relations with old Lord Grimthorpe (see that topic. When an idea occurred to him, he did not feel letter in of June the sturdy champion of Low­ easy until he had tested it by expression and critically ascer­ Church, are alone enough to disprove that imputation. The tained its value. He spared nothing and nobody, himself old Bishop was one of what used to be called the High-and­ least Notesof all. When he faces a difficult question and cannot Dry school-the Ritualistic revival was after his time-and find a satisfactory solution, be tells himself so quite plainly. a gentleman, well able to tolerate what he was unable to The are not meat for babes, or for superficial readers ; admire. for they challenge innumerable assumptions and prej uclices The mention of the two Butlers reminds me of a quality that are the moral and intellectual equipment of ordinary common to them both, the highly developed faculty of clear men. But I cannot call them cynical their tone is not that expression. In the elder, a regular practice of making rough of the academical sneer, but that of sympathy wilh sincerity drafts of business letters and other important documents, and in thought, word and deed. The impression left on me as I only despatching revised copies, shews with what extreme read is that the fire kindled and at the last he spake with pains he strove to minimize the risk of misunderstanding. his pen. The style of these writings is an excellent model of that DarwinThe qualitya111ong thatthe Machwe calli11es, Hu mour is present in all Butler's difficult art, tlJe combination of caution with candour. So writings, generally in very subtle forms.The Way It of is all conspicuous Flesh. in to the younger the first thing was to make out exactly what written 1863 in New Zealand, he wanted to say, and then to express it so as to leave no and perhaps reaches its height in One doubt about his meaning. For Style as an ornamental feature of my favourite passages is the scene at the dinner before of composition, not directly related to the matter, he had a the christening in which old' Mr Pontifex, a great gourmand, stern contempt. That his pains were not wasted, his readers flushes crimson[ = with vexation on discovering that the lobster will acknowledge. His style in its strength and dignity is sauce has not been made with a hen lobster. The narrator like the work of an architect who produces good effects by Overton SBJ, hearing the father and mother rebuked by 1889,-' structure and disdains stucco. His horror of diffuse writing the grandfather for not knowing a cock from a hen lobster, Notebooks, is summed up in a sentence from a letter that I received from remarks 'This cut me too, for I felt that till that moment I him in One can be long in a very little while, but it had not so much as known that there were cocks and hens 1912 takes a long time to be short.' But it is in the among lobsters, but had vaguely thought that in the matter that is in the volume of selections edited and published in of matrimony they were even as the angels in heaven, and by Mr Fe:.ting J ones (to whom warm thanks are clue) grew up almost spontaneously from rocks and sea-weed.' that we find the best expressionNotebooks. of his views on this as on This picture of the young man's bewilderment contains several Notes endless other topics. And Mr Han·is has treated this subject illustrations of Butler's attitude in general. There is con­ admirably in speaking of the In insisting on the tempt for gluttony and self-indulgence. _There is revolt value of the as illustrating ' how intimate was the relation­ against the ignorance of all life-questions, of the relations of ship which he had established between the crowded collection sex in particular, in which parents were bringing up their of subjects he was concerned with,' and• on the entire con­ children. And the use of a biblical comparison in bible sistency of the writer, he carefully points out also the influence language hints at the gross misuse of the Bible in Evangelical Notes of the habit of note-making on his style. It was by frequently circles : a misuse which, as he saw it, aroused in him the re-writing his notes that his style developed its clear, terse nearest approach to anger that his nature would admit. quality.' No doubt this is true. The are not crude Verbal inspiration was then a tenet pushed by millions of 'Few Earnest JVo rds ' 011 Sa111uel Butler. A 'Few Eanu:st TVords ' Oil Sa111ttcl Butler.

72 A 73 pious people to an extreme now hardly credible. To my own and paradox,;�to do battle with hypocrisy and cant, I am knowleda iu ge one of the best women lhat ever lived always only so far on my guard against him as to ask myself whether followed the spelling of the Authorized Version-bason, not the champion who inflicts such piercing wounds is whole­ b s , and so on. For the Bible was the English translation heartedly doing battle for what is to him a great and worthy simply, risk of printer's errors or wrong renderings dis­ cause. And the answer being Yes, I am satisfied. The state regarded. Children were set to get long passages by heart, of things satirized by Butler is already past, ia the form in on the· principle that, being the fount of all wisdom, you which he satirized it. But in somewhat different forms it could not take too copious draughts of it while young. From still lives on : and for reformers of strong and open minds this practice two consequences followed. Observant and his works are still wholesome reading. Still there are plenty inquisitive children were not slow to discover that the rules of conventional persons who recall to us his 'good sensible of conduct enjoined on them by bible moralists were to all fellows ' the farmerst of Battersby, who 'would have been appearance not equally binding on their elders in the affairs equally horrified at hearing the Christian religion doubted, of daily life. Criticism of parents and grown-up neighbours and at seeing it practised.'I had And to I stealfind mya trueowll ringbirth inri ght. the was, to say the least, not encouraged ; and a silent feeling of Inot stoleei init whichand washe sumsbitterl yup puni theshed. spirit Butof hisI savedrevolt myagainst soul mistrust and revulsion was apt to be produced. Boys had to aliveslovenly.' conventions-' go out into the world, and reaction against their early training seldom took the philosophic form that it assumed in Samuel * Such as his defence of lying, and theory of the reciprocal utility of Butler Another effect was clue to the marvellous literary virtue and vice. charm of the English Bible. To brighter and more gifted t Wny of nil Flesh, chapter xv. t Notebooks, page 182. souls the dignity and glory of its hmguage irresistibly appealed.a Religious parents and teachers were not concerned to lay stress on this quality But it was surely its power as poetic instrument, conveying human feelings, joy and grief, vV . E. HErTLANn. questionings and wonder, the triumph of righteousness and punishment of wrongdoing, in lofty tones, that impressed so much of its language on boyish minds. Once in possession, there it remained through life, ready to come forth when some circumstance or train of thought called for a significant wording that could not be bettered. It is not a matter of profanity it is a sincere homage to the great achievement of a group of English Divines. Humorous applications of Holy Writ have not been unknown even among Bishops ; and that one man should be held profane for using reminiscences of his youth, while another is blameless, is an inconsistency not to be received. Perhaps I ought to apologise for handling questions with which it may be truly enough said I am ill qualified to deal. But I do not feel ashamed to betray my genuine sympathy wilh Butler in what I believe to have been his sinct:'re and lasting purposes. When he lets himself go, armed withirony REVIEW.

TWO EPIGRAMS TRANSLATED. Twelve Poe111s.

By J. C. SQUIRE. (The M orland Press). Says Tweed to Till.

IIHEfirst six of these poems are laments on the death of a friend. They reproduce, at times evidently "Quam tu lenta ftuis ! cursum quae causa moratur ?" with great precision, Mr Squire's memories of the Tueda rogat Tillam Tilla " Tueda," refert, past and his thoughts about death : but more '' Tu celeris manas, ego desidiosior ; esto ; particularly they represent a certain mood of the mind, a Obruit unda hominem dum tua, nostra duos." 0 n parmt hnees. tendency on the part of the writer to humour his own medi­ -tations, allowing them to lead him haphazardly where they " The stream goes fast '}'OVvaatv EV !l1JTp6�, 7TOAAWII 7TEpt /lH'iJwwvrwv, will. HereWhen is an thisimage that ofis thethe presentpast :- is the past, '}'IJ/lVO� �KA«IE� �XWJI, vfprlO� apTt'}'EJif,�. 'Twill be as all the other pasts have been, "f � (). � ( >I I I) tl tl WOE tJlOl�, W� a 11 KOl/llJll'Jf; V

a A.

These first lines of the book are good deal more concen­ Y. C. tt·ated than is usual in Mr Squire's verse, though later there is a description of an interior-a comfortable, modern interior with sofa, books and telephone which "listened upon the desk "-as vivid in its impressionism as one ·could wish. Generally, however, Mr Squire is concerned rather less with descriptions than meditations. And this also is true of the longest piece in the book "Ode : In a restaurant." The waiters, the music, the food and drink, and the "two hundred munching men " remain as a background to the writer's mood ; the disgusting matter-of-fact air with which they 76 Review.

pursue th e ridiculo us rite of ea tin g in ma sses in publ ic dr ives him to abs tr ac tions :

" See these men in a world of men Material bodies ?-yes, what then ? These coarse trunks that here you see 1Roll of 'lbonour. Judge them not, lest judged you be,

• .. * • REv. PHIILIP GEORGE ALEXANDER , B.A. Think of these bodies here assembled, Whence they have come, where they have trembled." Th e Rev. P G. Alexan der was a son of th e la te Mr George Alexander , of H. M Civil Ser vice. He was bo rn 11 Ma y 18 83 And soMr Squire ph ilosoph is es abou t himself and th em. atPr ince town, Lyclf ord , De von. He was educa ted atSchools The two pr inc ipal poems in th is volume are more ambiti­ at Palmers ton Nor th and Well ing ton, Ne w Ze aland. He ou s th an any thing in The Three Hills, his las t pu bl is hed bo ok en tere d StJo hn's in Oc to be r 19 05 with his elder br other, th e of ve rse. The y atte mpt more , an d of te n are re mar kable in Re v R. C. Alexander , now Chapla in on HM.S. Cmupauia. th eir tu rns of express ion. Bu t al thou gh his poems are not . Dur ing his residenc e he was a pr ominen t me mber of th e lac king in secure an d de fin ite im ages , he is ap t to be led on L.M.B.C. Af ter laking his deg ree in 19 08, by t.h e Th eol ogic al in his mu sings to less coheren t tr ac ts of th ou gh t-and th is Sp ec ial, he wa s or dained in th e diocese of Bris tol to th e pa rtic ularly ap plies to th e piece '' In a Res tauran t," wh ic h is curac y of Chr ist Church , Bm·ton Hill , Br istol ; in 19 10 he th e mos t in teres ting contr ibu ti on in th ese pages. Probably, move d to Down end, wh ere he wa s curate to th e Re v J W too, it was th e most in te resting to Mr Squire, as he wr ote it. Dann , wh os e dau ghter be married. In 191 2 he was appoin ted J F H. a Na val Chapl ain, an d served success ivel y on H.M. SS. Ble��­ heilll, Fal111011lh, and Ha111pshire. He was serv ing on th e Hampshire wh en th atship wa s sun k on 5 Ju ne 19 16, off th e Or kn eys, with Lord Kitc h ener on bo ard.

WALTER HENRY BARTLETT

Lieu tena nt Wa iter He nry Bar tle t.t , of th e Canad ian Forces, wh o wa s killed in ac tion H Sep tembe r 1916 , wa s th e sec ond s on of th e Re v Charles Bla kesley Bar tle tt, now Incu mbe nt of Al l Sain ts', Br igh ton. He wa s bo rn atCr oyd on 29 Ma y 1878 and wa s educ ated at Brigh lon College, en terin g St Jo hn's in Oc t.o be r 18 96. He read for th e La w Tr ipos, bu t lef t College wi thou t ta ki ng a degree. He wa s a man of many in te res ts and a diligen t stude nt of ma ny subjec ts, amon gs t ol hers be ing archi tec ture. Af ter leav ing College he was ar ti cled to a solic itor at Brigh ton, and la ter proceeded to Canada, 'vvhere he was en gaged on survey wo rk in Ma nitoba. Wh ile atBr igh ton he 78 Roll of Honour Roll of Ho11ottr. 79 ha d identified himself whole-heartedly wit h the Boy Scout HENRY CLAUDE BERNARD. movem ent, and this work he continued in Canada, be ing Second Lieutenant He nry Claude Bernard, of the Glo uces ­ appointed Prov incial Secretary for the Pro vince of Manito ba. tershire Re gi ment, who was killed in action 3 Septem ber 19 16, In Septem ber 19 15 he was personally presented by H.R.H . was the eldest son of Dr Claucle Be rnard, of Fis hponds, the Duke of Connaught, the Chief Scout for Canada, wi th . Bnstol, and a great-nephew of Drs E. M and W G. Grace, the honorary 1 Silver Wol f.' the fa mous cricketers. He was bo rn at Fish 1)onds Bristol On the out break of war Lieutenant Bartlett joined th e ' ' 3 1 Oc to ber l 893, and received his early education at Red- Fort Garry Horse, in which he receiv ed a commission. He lands School, Bristol, and Lord Wi ll iam's Grammar Schoo l, passed his examination for his majority, bu t declined th e Thame. He entered St John 's in 19 12 , be ing a mem ber of promotion as he was an xious to go to the front. At his ow n the Of ficers' Training Corps. He joined the Ar my im­ re quest he was transferred, with the rank of Lieutenant, to a me dia tely on the out break of war and was gazetted Second ba tt alion go ing on service, and ca me to England in April Lieutenant in the 7th Batta lion the Glouces ter Regiment 19 16. He wa s sent to France on a con fidential mission, 1 Septem ber 19 14. He landed in Ga llipo li with his Battalion whi ch he conducted to the comp lete satisfaction of his in Ju ly 19 15 and was wounded 6 August 19 15 . On his Commanding Offi cer ; be was then transfe rred to anothe r recovery he returned to the peninsula, bu t in a few cl ays l.Ja ttalion, in which he was serving at the ti me of his death. was inva licle d with a poisoned foot. On the journey ba ck to Ale xandria he contracted enteric and was in valicled to England in Fe bruary 19 16, after abou t two months in vVrLLIAM DoUGLAS BENTALL. hospital. After his recovery he was attached to the Reserve Battalion, and in July 19 16 was attached to tile 'Wo rc ester Second Lieutenant Wi lliamDouglas Bentall, of the Ki ng's Regiment. A few clays be for e his death he was appointed Ow n Yorkshire Light Infantry, who was killed in action Signalling Officer to his Ba ttalion. while leading his men in an attack at the Battle of the So mmc 16 Se ptem ber 19 16, was the secon d son of Mr William Be nlall of Sou thchurc h Wick, Southend-on-Sea. WrLFRED GARDINRR CASSELS. He was bo rn at The \Vick 5 August 18 9 6, and received his ed uca tion at Lindisfa me Col lege, Westcli ff-on-Sea, and Mi ll W G. Casse ls was a son of Mr Her bert Wynne Cassels, Hill School. Ha vi ng passed th e Previous Examination in of Casa cla Torre, Op orto, and was bo rn at Op orto, Portugal, Dece mber 19 14 he was ad mitted to the College in March 30 Ju ly 18 93 ; he was a nephew of the Ri ght Rev. William 19 15, and in the ordinary course would have come into Wh ar ton Cassels, Bishop of Western China (of St John 's, residence in Oc to ber 19 15 . He was in the Of-ficers' Training B.A. 18 81), and grandson of th e late General James de Corps at Mill Hil l, and from it received his co mmission in Ha villand, who served in the Cri mea. He was educated at T Fe br uary 19 15 . He proceeded to France in May of that rent College, where he won the go ld medal gi ven by the Duke year, and was wounded on July 8th. He again rejoined his of Devonsh ir e, and was captain of Foot ball and head o£ the Sch regiment in January 19 16 and served with it until he (e ll in ool. He entered St Jo hn's in Oc to ber 19 13 and re ad �or action. the Theologica l Tripos, with service in the mission fie ld Ill vi� Li eu tenant Ben w During the year in whi ch he resided at St John's tall's elder br other died 3 Ju ly 19 16 as . he cl a prisoner of war in Germany. tstmguished hi mself in Association Foot ball, playing in t he Fr eshmen's Match, and winning his College Colours for F ootbal l and Ho ckey ; had he be en spared, he would Roll of Hottoltr 81 80 Roll of Ho1101tY. Regimen t at Blac kpool. On Chris tmas Eve 19 15 he was un doub te dly have become a leader in th e ge neral life of ordered to rejoin his Regimen t at th e fron t. On 6 Ju ne 1916 th e College. he was ou t wi th some of his men pu tting up wire in fron t He was ga ze tted a Second Lieu tenan t in The Border of th e tr enches wh en a chance sho t from a machine gu n, Regimen t 24 Oc tober 191 4 he was ga ze lted Cap tain ea rly striking th e steel helme t of one of his men, ricoche tted on to in 19 16, and in Ma y las t was men tioned in Sir Douglas Haig's Lieu t. Chapman, breaking his arm and injuring him in th e despa tches. While on ac tive service he kep t up Foo tball, abdomen so seriousl y th at he died th e same evening. His jus t behind th e Fron t. As cap tain of th e winning Foo tba ll cap tain, wri ting to Canon Chapman, sa ys: "We shall miss te am in ih e Division, besides securing ih e Cup for his him te rribl y: he was alwa ys so cheerful, and wha tever job Ba ttalion he received a medal for himse lf wi th th e inscrip­ he was asked to do he did willingl y, and one knew th at th e ti on : 11 75 th In£. Brig. in th e Field 1916.' ' Wi th regard to job wou ld be clone. His pla toon lov ed him, and would do th is he wro te 11 Itis no t of len one ge ts a medal for Spor ts an ything for him and go an ywhere wi th him ; nearl y ever y on ac tive servic e." ma n has asked me to co nve y his sympa thy to yo u th is On 13 Ju l y 19 16 he was in a cap tured tr ench, and had to mo rni ng" cr oss a pl ac e where th e tr ench had been filled in ; in doing He was buried in th e Soldiers ' Ceme ter y in a li ttle village so he exposed hims elf and was sho t th rough lh e hear t, dying behind th e lines. instan taneously He was buried atBo uzincour t, near AIber t.

DONALD CLARKE. ALFRED REGINALD BEWES CHAPMAN. Second Lieu tenan t Donalcl Clarke, of th e Ro yal Flyi ng Lie utenan t A R. B. Chapman was th e eldes t so n of th e Corps, who was kil led in ac tion on 26 Augus t 1916, was th e Rev Canon T A . Chapman, Vicar and Ru ral Dean of Bol ton ; elde st son of Mr Ar thur Joseph Clarke, Town Clerk of High he was born at Ne wton Abbo tt, Devon, 13 Ju l y 1895, and Wycombe, Bucks. He was bo rn at High Wycombe 4 Ma y wa s educa ted atPl ymou th Col le ge and Rossa ll Schoo l. He 1895 and was educa ted atSeaf ie ld College, Bexhill, and Mi ll en tered St Joh n's in Oc tober 191 3, wi th th e in ten tion of Hi ll School, enteri ng StJo hn 's in Oc tober 1913. stud ying for th e legal profession ; he wa s a man of fine On th e ou tbreak of wa r he enlis ted, 26 Augus t 191 4, in ph ysiq ue, an d an excellen t boxer On th e ou tbreak of war th e Honourable Ar tiller y Compan y, proceeding to France in he at once offered his services to th e coun tr y, and wa s th e Sep tember following. He was on ac tive service in th e ga ze tled a Se cond Lieu tenan t in Th e Lo yal Nor th Lancashire tr enches for a whole ye ar, serving con tinuousl y for th ir te en Regimen t 2 Sep tember 191 4. Af ter tr aining at Fil to n and mon ths wi thou t leave. In Ja nuar y 1916 Lieu tenan t Clarke Sevenoaks he proceeded to France in Februar y 1915. On ha d deci de d th at wh en war wa s over he would be unab le to 20 Ju ne 1915 he was wo unded at Armen tieres by a splin ter re tlll n to Cambri dge to compl ete his course, as so man y of a shell striking his head ; th is did no t keep him away : of Ius neares t friends in College had been killed. He was from du ty more th an a few cla ys. On Ju ly 29 th he \Vas accordingly ar tic led to his fa ther wi th th e view of pursuing again wo unded at Hooge, and on th is occasion th e wound th e legal prof ession. He ob tained a comm ission in th e Ro yal was more serious , and he was removed to No. 1 Red Cross _ Fl y1ng Corps in Ma y 1916. He was an Observa tion Ofnt:e r Hospi tal at Le Touq uetin France, where he unde rwen t X- ra y and worked th e wireless mechanism of one of th e mos t recen� tr ea tmen t : la ter he was moved to a hospi tal in London • iypes of aeroplane. one of his le and in Sep tember 1915 enjoyed a furlough. For a shor t In tters home he described some of his experiences in direc ting opera tions, sa ying th at ti me in th at au tumn he helped to tr ain recrui ts f�r his VOL. XXXVIII. G 82 Roll of Honour Roll of Honom'. 83

work and had he had been engaged in di recting artille ry Lancashi re, an d ed uca te d at the Presco t Gram mar School ; terho wi tze rs, been successful in manip ulating one of the mons he entered St John's in the Oc tobe r Te rm 19 13 , an d was a shell on _ adding "The re is a lo t of sa tisfac tion in di rec ting re achng fo r the Th eological Tripos. He play ed in the lo t going th e Buns ' gun-em placemen ts and seeing the whole Freslm_1en 's Match of Associa tion Footbal l (Colou rs) in 19 13 . I have just co me _ up. Yo u canno t mi ss seeing the m burs t. He J Omed the Office rs' Training Co rps and receive d his am going down from a th ree and a hal f hou rs' fligh t, and I Commission as Se cond Lieutenan t in the 5th (Terri to ri al) _ to visi t th e Bat tery " B� ttahon of th e Prince of Wales' Vo lun tee rs, South Lanca­ Ceme tery _ Lie uten ant Cla rke wa s buried in th e Soldie rs' sl ure Regtment. He showed both ab ili ty and promise as an atWa rloy. officer, and re ceived his Cap taincy in Ju ne 19 16 . He lef t fo r th e fron t on 3 August19 16 , jo ining the first li ne in th e mids t

GEOFFR EY ATK!NS ON GA ZE. of the re cent severe fi ghting. On the uigh t of Oc tobe r 10 �1e went out �n cha rge of a pa trol, with th e objec t of ac qu ir­ G. A. Gaze, of th e London Reg imen t, who was _ Ca ptain wg mf ormat wn ab out "n o man's land " an d the enemy 's kil \edin ac tion 15 Sep tembe r 19 16 was the elde r twin son 1 1 wt re . It ':as a moonligh t nigh t; he was appa ren tly spo tted, Wi lli am Geo ffre y Gaze, of 831 Altenburg Gardens, . of Mr and killed ms tan tl y by a ri fle bulle t. n t London, S.W ; th e yo unge r brothe r is Ca ptain an d Adj uta His Majo r writes wi th re ga rd to hi m : I( I was ver y much thur \Villi am Gaze, of th e same Regi me nt. Ca ptain Gaze . Ar gnev�d to h�ar of th e death of you r son. He was closel y at Carrow Hi\\1 Norwich, 19 July 18 81, and was was born assoc mteclwtth me from th e ti me he joined th is Regimen t, uca te d at Ou ndle , en tering St John's in 19 00 1 wi th a ed an d I had le arn ed to th ink ve ry highly of him. So also, I 02fo r u nstephen Exhibi tion. He lef t th e Un ive rsi ty in 19 M may say, had th e Rossall Ma sters, who spent so much ti me a cl erkship in Qu een Anne 's Bo unty Office. While at College with us as inst ructo rs, in his mo re ad vanced po rtions espec i­ a me mbe r of G Company in th e C. U.R.V., and in he was al ly Th ey main tained th atGl eave was the cleve res t man of he joined th e 15 th Co unty of London Re giment London his lo t. Your son had wo rked wi th me daily fo r eighteen (Civi l Service Ri fles) as a private. He became Second Lieu ­ months, had stood byme through ve ry tryin g ci rcums tances 19 12, an d was gaze tted Cap tain 28 Oc tobe r 19 14. te nan t in at ti mes, and I sho uld like to as sure yo u th at he was alwa ys wen t to th e front in Ma rc h 19 15 , and se rved continuous ly He equa l to th e occ asion " ceiving a sc ratch. He was killed on Septembe r 15 wi tho ut re Cap tain Glea ve's elde r brothe r, the Rev John Wallace he was le ading his Co mpany Alth ough he was hit when Gleave (B. A. 19 12), is a Chaplain to th e Fo rces , and at tached re fuse d to leave his me n, an d was ultim atel y hi t by tw ic e he to th e Cycle Co rps in Wil tshi re. a machine -gun bulle t an d kille d ins tan taneously. Captain Gaze was ac ti vely in teres ted in th e work of th e Colleg e Mi ss ion in Walw orth , an d lat terly wo rked at St John' s, WILFR !D NRWBOL D HALL IWELL. mainly wi th th e Ch urch Lads ' Brigade. Wa terloo Road, Second Lieu tenant Wilfrid Newbold Halli wel l of th e 1 1 Yo rkshi re Regiment, who died 21 Sep tembe r 19 16 of wo unds re ceived in ac tion on 19 Sep tembe r, was th e eldest son of THOMAS REGINAL D GLEA VE. Mr Robe rt Halliwell, of We llfiel cl, Bury , Lancashire and Ca ptain T R Gl eave, of th e So uth Lancashire Regimen t, a nephew � of th e late Rev Willia m Ta ylo r New bolcl ' fo r 1crly secon d F who wa s killed in action 10 Oc tobe r 19 16 , was the el lo"v 0 f tl1e C o 1 lege. He was bo rn at Bu ry 15 Septe mbe r son of Mr John Gleave, of Nor woo d, Eccleston Park, Pres co t, 18 89 and . was ed uca ted at StBees School 1 en teriug StJo lm's Lanc ashire. He was born 17 July 18 94, at St Helens, ln 19 09. Roll of Honour 85

84 Roll of Hollottr for Barr ow-in- Fu rness. He was bornat Barr ow 8 June 18 87 19 15 and was g zetted to September 19 00 he entered He joined the Arm y in August � In Ma nches ter Grammar Sch ool later bemg trans­ th e 11th Ba ttali on, Yorkshire Regiment, and went up rapid ly on the Clas sica l Side, winning the left for France July 11, 19 16 . ke speare Society 's Prize in 1904 and the Reading ferred to the 9th Battal ion. He Sha Pr octer 19 15 , at the in 19 05. In th e la tter year he Lieutenant Halliwell married, 30 September Prize entered St John 's, with ton, Verna AclaEsme, Exhibiti on, and took his degree Church of St Lawrence, Kirby Mi sper an in 19 09. He then at ­ Tw en tyman, of Kirby tended a course in Educa tio youngest daughter of Mr and Mr s J R. n at lh e Universit y of Ma nchester, was app oin te d on the Mi sper ton Hall, Pickering, Yorkshire. and sta ff of lh e North Ma nchester his wid ow, sa ys ol . During Th e Colonel of his Bat talion, writing to Sch o the time of th at Sch ool 's rapid gr ow th he cool courage, cheerful ­ took charge of Classics and Art. " It was in a large measure clu e tohi s He was on e of the first , which had bee n House Ma sters when th e system ness and splendid example that a trench was in troduced, and he n. Your husband was made ever y boy in his House cap tured by the enem y, was retake keen on its honour In 19 12 ht or nine weeks, but he was app ointed a Ma ster at on l y with this Battali on ab out eig Batley Grammar Sch ool . respect and love of While there he became interested in the ' during th at sh ort lime he earned the \V orkers Educa­ a ver y gr ea t regard for, ti onal Ass ociati on, and was appointed lec turer, and all who knew him. I myself had under ­ his loss deepl y " took a tu torial class i11 Indus trial His tory He was very and high op ini on of , him, and I regret successful in making the subject alive wi th in teres t, and in draw in g ou t th e members of th e Class.

ALFRED WALLACE HARVEY, B.A. In Januar y 19 15, after havi ngbeen rejected four times, he joined the 2nd Sp ortsma u's Bat talion, 24th Roya l Fusiliers. ya l Arm y Alfred Wallace Harve y, of the Ro Captain ''I don 't th ink you wi ll like it," said some one to him as he ember 19 16 of wond s Me dical Corps, wh o died 7 Sep t � Wngh t wen t off, kn owinghis ar tis tic tas te and refined susceptibili ties. in acti on , was a son of the Re v. Dr Bache received "I sha ll hate it", he said, ''but I must go." of Wa nganui y (of St John's, B.A. 18 57), Headmas ter Harve On ac tive service he pr oved as ste ady and str ong-heart ad Ma y 18 70 at New Ze al and. He was born 14 Sch ool I as th ose wh o were ph ysical ly more robust. Th e gr eater the New Ze aland, and was vern or's Ba yI Christ Church, . Go l clanger the cool er he seemed to be , and on on e oc casi on, John s m Wanganui Sch ool. He entered St educa ted at being in charge of a bombi ngpar ty, with two ot her men he June 1898. He com­ Oc tober 18 94 , and took his degree in � ing held a crater agains t th e Ge rmans under severe bombard ­ studies at StTh omas's Hospita l, o tain pleted his medical ment. On returningthe members of his platoon preferred 01 , m 19 05. ons of M. R.C.S . and L. R.C.P., Lond : his qualificati th e re quest that he sh ould be awarded the D.C. M. He was, c1.an and the app oin tments of House Ph ys1 Af ter holding howe ver, immediately made a Corp ora l and rec ommended the Qu een's Hospi tal for Children, Hackney Surge on at for a Commissi on bythe Brigadier-General. Bef ore he could the West on, and of Re sident Me dical Officer to Road, Lond . receive ithe bad fa llen in th e field. It was in appr oaching prac hce at and Lynn Hospi tal, he set tled clown to Norf olk Delville Wood fr om Mon ta uban, and he li es buried by the Ma rch 19 15 . iffe-on -S ea . He joined th e R.A.M.C. in Wes tcl side of a tr ench behind Tr ones W oocl. A member of his plat oon, wounded ea rly in the morni ng of Ju ly28 (the cla y on wh ich Hawcri clge fell), wr iting tohis I M. A. ROBF.RT STUAHT HAWCR DGE, father, says : " I alwa ys admir ed your son whils t in France, Royal as has Robert Stuart Hawcridge, a Corp oral in the 24th every one in his pla toom . Dur ing the nine months we 1916 , wa s a have been in France, I can honestly say, from experien ce, Fusiliers, wh o was killed in acti on on 28 Jul y tor of Educati on G2 son of Mr Th om as Ar lhur Hawcriclge, Direc 86 Roll of Ho11our. Roll of Honorw. 87 � th at yo ur son was alwa ys a wo rker, bo th pluc ky an fearl �ss, atta ched to the Sou th Staffordshire Regimen t ; a few we eks hon and wi llin g to th e ve ry las t to do his bes t for h1s sec before his death he wa s at tached to th e Royal Warwic kshir e comrades. He was liked by everyone wh o came in con tac t Regimen t. In a nigh t at tac k on 20 Ju ly 1916 he was las t wi th him. On July 28, wh en I go t my wound and was seen gallan tly le ading his pla toon to wards th e parape ts of carried to the Firs t Ai d pos t, stra igh twa y, af ter seeing me all the German trenches. Ev ery effo rtwas made to find hi m, � a ri ght, you r son ran off to my du g-ou t, under fire for h lf bu t wi thou t resul t, and he mustbe presumed to be no longer gs. mi le, and re turned to me wi th my few priva te be long m alive. His Colonel wro te th at, th ough Lieu tenan t Hur clman Tha t proves wha t ki nd of a fellow he wa s." An other, wri ting had been only a fe w wee ks wi th th e Warwi ckshires, everyone on be half of himself and another comrade, says : ''We were who came in contact wi th him had no thin g bu t praise for all th ree in th e same sec tion and th e same hu ts at Gilclea his wor k. Par k and Clips tone, and we spen t a grea t deal of our spare time to ge ther ou t here. Whi le we we re stil l in England, we bo th apprecia ted wha t a rea l friend he wa s, and since we ANSTRY Ross J ACOB. came ou t here he proved a brave man, coo l and steady in cri tica l momen ts and to be re lied on under all circums tances. Second Lieu tenan t Ans tey Ross Jacob, of the Durha m Your son and I were bo th Bat talion Bombers, and it wou ld Li ght Infan try, who died on 18 Sep tember 19 16 of wound g be difficul t for you to apprecia te wha t con fidence and courage received in ac tion on th e previous clay, was the si xth son of hi s presence has given me in th e various dangerous pos ts we th e la te Mr Stephen Jacob , C.S.I. , of th e Indian Civil Serv ice , hav e occupied toge ther When we we re in England th ere and of Mr s Jacob, of Raymon cl Road, Wimbledon. He was were many brave men, many daring, dashing fellows, bu t bo rn at Calcu tta 4 Oc tober 1893, was educa ted at Dul wich when we got ou t here men appeared in th eir tr ue colours, College, and en te red StJohn 's in 1912. He had been elec ted and wh ere many fell away Hawcriclge, by his ac tions, wo n in Dece mber 191 1 to an £8 0 Scholarship, being firs t in the respec t and es tee m of all wh o kn ew him." Classics in th e StJohn 's group of Colleges. His success wa s th e more remar kab le, as he had shor tly before sustained a severe inj ury to one of his legs wh ile playing foo tball at schoo l. He was seriously handicapped by the wound, CYRIL HURDMAN. which did no t hea l, and he passe tl more th an one vacation Second Lieu tena nt C. Hurdman, of th e Sou th Staffordshire in hospi tal during th e year 1913. In spi te of th is he main­ Regimen t, at tached to th e Royal Warwic kshire Regi ment, is ta ined his position, being firs t in the College Classica l 'Mays ' repor ted as "missing, believed to have been ki lled " in ac tion of 1913 and 1914, winning th e Haw ksley Blll·bury Prize. In 20 July 1916. He was th e eldes t son of Mr George Edward Augus t 1914 he was stil l qui te unfit for ac tive service ; bu t, Hurdman, of 48 , Pa ge t Road, Wolverha mp ton, and wa s born for a man of his spiri t, inac tion was in tolerabl e, and he atWolve rhampton 1 June 1896. He was educa ted at th e th erefore joined th e Officers' Training Corps, acting as Wolverhampton Gram mar School, wh ere he had a dis tin­ ins truc tor of mus ketry. La ter he was appoin ted mus ketry guished career, gaining th e Wolverhampton (Major) and ins truc to r to th e 17 th Division atWimb o rne, wi th th e ra nk Warner Scholarships. In Dece mber 19 14 he wa s elec ted of Sergean t. In June 19 15 he was well enough to be accepted to an En trance Scho larship for Ma the ma tics at St John 's, for ac tive service, and was gazel tecl Second Lieutenan t in the and in th e ordinary course would have commenced residence 4th Bat talion (Special Reser ve) Durh am Ligh t Infan try Afte r in Oc tob er 19 15 . In Ju ly 1915, however, he ob tained a a period of service as mus ketry offic er at Seaha m Harbo ur com mission in th e Special Reserve of Officers and was (wh ere he did excellen t wo rk) he wen t to th e fron t in July 88 Roll of Honour. Roll of 1-Iouou1' 89

19 16. He wa s wo unded on September 17 and died the co nscie ntio usly and well , he will be bad ly missed byall who followi ng cla y knew him." His earl y death pre ceded that of a yo unge r A bro ther officer writes : "Y our so n rec eived the wounds, brother byfo ur da ys only from wl1ich be died, while gallantl y leadi ng his platoo n in Lee wa s a man of much promise, while na turall y st udio us th e gr eat atta ck on th e Germa n li nes on the mo rning of th e he wa s passio natel y fo nd of ga mes In happier times he 17 lh September He was we ll infro nt whe n a ma chi ne-gun wo ul d have come to the fro nt duri ng his "Co llege ca reer infli ct ed se vere wou nds up on him. He bore his suff eri ugs inmore th anon e line of purs uit. wi th gr eat fortit ude. He died doi ng his duty no bl y and we ll." His former Colo nel at Seaham wr ote in th e na me of all th e officer s: ''We have lost a clear frie nd and anexce lle nt office r ; he wa s esteemed byall." FRANCIS WILLMER I'vlCAULAY, M. A. J acob wi ll lo ng be remem be red as a ma n of rare dis­ ti nctio n, in whom a fine intellect was united with gr ea t We have bee n furnished wi th the fol lowi ng par ticulars ph ys ical co ur age. He migh t fairlyhave cl aimed exemptio n with regard to Cap tai n F W. McAula y (see The Eagle, from acti ve servi ce, but he was one of the first who vol un­ xx xvii. , p. 373). teered. Absol ut el y unspoiled by success , he was alwa ys He was a member of the Universit y O.T.C ., and while si mp le and una ffe cted , maki ng light of his ow n tr oubles and st ill in reside nce re cei ved his commi ssi on in the Nor th anxi o us to help others. His influe nce and example in Mi dl and Brigade, R. F.A. (T.), in 19 10 . He was made College ca n hardl y be overrated. Captai n in 19 14, and we nt to the fro nt in Febr uar y 19 15 . At the time of his death (21 Ma y 19 16) he was in co mma nd of a Bat ter y, as the Ma jor was invalided. Duri ngan in te ns e bombardme nt bythe enem y, he withdrew his me n and we nt

hi mself to th e te lepho ne dug- out, which was incha rge of a Erne H ANSON LEE. co rporal and a private. The dug- out wa s str uck by two Se cond Lieute nant E. H. Lee , of the Ki ng' s Shropshire shells , and all th ree we re insta ntly killed. Ge neral H. M. Li ght Infa ntr y, wh o died on19 Sep tember 19 16 from wounds Campbell wr ote : '' He was an excel lent offi cer , one of th e re ce i ve d in ac tio n on the previo us da y, was a so n of Mr best I ha d, and such a go od fellow as well. We all miss Leo nard Lee, of Whitch urch, Salop. He was bo rn at him ver y much , and mo urnhis loss.'' Wh itch ur ch 7 No vember 18 95 and ed ucated at Wh it church Ma jor J H. Hi nto n wr ote : "H e wa s th e most co nscie n­ ti o Gram ma r School. He was elected to an Exhibi tio n fo r us and one of th e bes t me n I ever knew, a sp lendid so Nat ur al Scie nce inJun e and entered th e College inOctober ldier , and we shall all miss him dreadf ull y He was alwa ys my 191 4. righ t- ha nd ma n, and I sha ll alwa ys feel th at I am a bett Lee joi ned th e Shropshire Light Infa ntr y inMa rch 19 15 , er ma n for ha ving know n him and lived and wo rked so and after trai ning at Pe mbroke Do cks we nt to Fra nce inthe ma ny mo nths wi th him " August of tha t ye ar After some weeks in th e tre nches , he Ca ptai n Giles, his spe cial ch um, wro te: " He died ver y br a ve co ntrac ted ente ri c fe ver and was inhosp it al at Bo ul ogne for ly Tw o me n had to remai n, and he sta yed wi th them , as ei gh t weeks. He th enrejo ined the colo urs in Ma rch 19 16 he alwa ys shared ever y cla nger I have lost the best fr atPrees Hea th Camp, ne ar Whi tch urch, and agai n we nt to iend I ever had out here " Fra nce earl y inJu ly His Comma ndi ng Officer described him Se rge ant A. J Baile y wrote : '' The Capt ain's dea th made ever as : "A most pro misi ng yo ung Of-ficer vvho alwa ys did his wo rk yo ne in th e Batter y broke n hearted, and whe n th e sad Roll of Honour 91 90 Roll of Ho11o1tY.

fo r mo re tha n a yea r in France, an d I know pe rsonally how ne ws re ache d wagon line pract ically ever y ma n cr iedbecau se he wa s un ive rsally belove d an d how valuable he alway s wa s su ch a goo d frie nd ha d pa rte d from us; he wa s more like a to the Com pany an d Regiment. I have lo st a cle ar fr iend fathe r to usthan an officer in eve ry re spect. He wa s a goo d an you have lo st a ve ry no • d ble so n,who ha d alway s clone hi s sp ort sman , and eve ry man thought th e wo rldo f 111111 0 " du ly nobly lo hi s King an d Count ry an d his utmo st to help us all. His life, as we sa w it , wa s an in spi rat ion to every one." Wh ile a brother Lieutenant wrote : "His death isa great ERNEST EMANUEL POLACK. lo ss to us, as he wa s one of the be st offic ers in the Battal io n Lieutenant E. E. Polack, of the Glouce ster sh ir e Reg iment , an d clicl sp len didly out he re. I alway s admired his ab solute who wa s kill ed in act ion 17 July 19 16 , wa s the younge st so n fearle ssn ess in the face of clangeran d his capac ity for mak ing of the Rev. Jo seph Polack, Housema ster at Cl ifton College. de cision s at critical time s." He wa s born at Clif ton 25 Feb ruary 1893 an d educate d at Cl ifton Co llege. He ente redSt Joh n'swi th an Exh ibition in 19 12 an d wa s al so electe d to a (Un iv e rsity ) St ewart of Schola rsh ip fo r Hebrew At the en d of his se cond Ran noch DONALD RAMSAY PUDDICOMBE. year of re sidence he wa s electe d to a Foun dat ion Schola rsh ip s an d wa s awa rded se ve ral Co llege for Orie ntal Language Secon d Lieu tenant D. R. Pu ddicombe wa s the el der so n s a frequent sp eaker at the Un ion an d a Priz es. He wa of Mr Robe rt We stacott Puclcl icombe, of Leyto nstone. He Comm ittee of that Soc iety membe r of the wa s bo rn at Leylon stone 12 Novembe r 18 94 , an d wa s eclu ­ Cl ifto n an d at Camb ridge he wa s a member of Both at cate cl at Sca rbo rough College. He ente red the College in ng Corp s. On the outb reak of war he at the Of-fice rs' Traini Oc tober 19 14, an d at once jo ine d the O.T.C. with a view to once went in to train ing an d wa s gazette d a Lieutenant in the : qua lifying himself fo r a commi ssion ; th is he obta ine d in the istol ) Battal ion, the Glouce st ersh ire Reg ime 1 t. 4t h (C ity of Br Ea st Yo rkshi re Regime nt. He we nt with his Battalion to in Ap ri l 19 15 , an d wa s frequently 111 He went to the front Egypt. Hi s divi sion wa s then orde re d to Franc e. He took In Ja nuary 19 16 he ga ine d much comman d of hi s Compa ny pa rt in the first st age of th e Battle of the Somme on July 1, ring, du ring a night patrol , a German commen dat ion by captu wi th out mi shap. On 20 Ju ly 19 16 he wa s wounde d in the fia ntly fixe d in front of the enemy' s flag wh ich ha d been de thigh while in the Ge rman trenche s, an d die d on the 26th. trenche s nea r Hebute rne. In hi s la st lette r home he wrote "Capta in Ran son also wa s in the morn ing of July 17 wh ile He wa s kille d early woun ded while go ing to pic k me up. Th ree of my men in an assa ult on the German trenche s. lea ding his men re maine d behin d, an d lying do wn, by them selve s dragg ed ote : " His de ath is a great lo ss to us, as His Co lonel wr me on my ba ck right in to ou r line s again throu gh a mu rde r­ d he wa s an excel lent office r, brave to the la st de gree an ou s fire." iv ersa lly th office rs an d his men . He wa s un popular wi Lieute nant Puclclicombe wa s a man of great re finement, kille d in an attack onGe rman trenche s, wh ich his company, ke enly in te rested in art an d mu sic as well as in ou tdoor an d on e other, captu red an d we st il l hol d st ro ngly, an d s ports-one of the ma ny Cambr idge men who, from a thank s to his an d the other s da sh an d ga ll�ntry the Re giment rel igio us an d bu man ita rian poi nt of view, hate d war, but ha s re ce ive d congratulat ion s fro m the Army Comman der se rve d from a se nse of du ty clow n." His Major wrote : "I ha c\ the ho nour of se rv in g with him 92 Roll of Ho11orw Roll of Hononr. 93 JoHN NEVILL RrTcHm, B.A. solcliering, bred a cheerfulness in him which was able to witb all difficulties Second Lieuteuant J N Ritcbie, of the Seaforth High­ cope and discomforts. In an attack on the Turkish position on landers, who was killed in action in Mesopotamia 22 Ap ril Easter Eve, Ap ril 22nd, the Highland Battalions (Seaforth and 19 16 , was the third son of the late Mr John Macfarlane Black Watch) suffered very heavily, and the last that Hitchic and Mrs. Ritchie, of Balvraicl, Duneclin1 New Zea­ was seen of Jock Ritchie was, as his Colonel wrote, his "advancing land. He was born 31 December 18 79, at Duneclin, and at the head of his men in the attack." For some months received his early education at the High School there. hope was entertained that he might have been taken prisoner, but Coming to England in 18 99 he entered St John's in the unofficial news from brother officers has since banished Michaelmas Term of that year Int ending to devote himself all hope. No better descri to the legal profession he read for the Law Tripos, but ption of his character could be given than that of a brother owing to a temporary break-down in health he gave up officer who had got to know him very intimately : "No reading for Honours and took the ordinary B.A. degree in one coultl know Jock without having a great affection s June 19 02. for him. He was o thoroughly a Christian gentleman in the Af ter going clown he went back to New Zealand, intend­ highest sense of the words. He was no soldier from the ing to continue his Jaw work, but eventually gave up all idea love of the trade ; the discomforts of camp­ ing, the wh of it and went into his father's business at Duneclin ; for this istle of lead and the thud of shrapnel, were things he showed great aptitude, and in the course of time became he hated and overcame from sheer sense of duty If he had a branch manager one fear it was lest he should fail in the day of trial. His highly-strung, He was never one of those who gain great academic or refined nature, was apt to make him a little melancholy athletic distinctions, but he left behind him at St John's what at times, but a very charming melancholy it was. Death itself he never is more precious than either of these, a name and a memory feared ; it was only the thought of in the College, and his two brothers who followed him were his wife being left that used to hurt him ". always known as "Jock." His was a nature that could never An other officer writes '' We used to sit in my dug-out, and his hobby was fail to win many friends, and he always looked back upon his to dissect and pull his own character to bits, and then try to formulate it Cambridge cl ays with the keenest delight. When war broke as he would wish it to be. Then he would fall to discussing out he repeatedly tried to join the New Zealand Expedi­ people-men whom I was quite down on-and he would tionary Force, but each time he was turned down by the always find some redeeming feature in their make-up " New Zealand doctors on account of his heart and of a weak­ Jock Ritchie will always live in the memory of those who ness left after a very serious operation in 19 09. On learning, knew him as a great-headed gentleman. On the 9th Novem­ however, that another operation might circumvent the latter ber 19 15 he married Eirene Mary, second daughter of he immediately underwent it, and coming to England in July Mr C. J Stewart, the Public Trustee, and Lady Mary Stewart, 19 15 he was passed fit for service and received his commis­ and sion in the Seaforth Highlanders in the same month. In although one does not dare to set down in print all that February 19 16 he was sent out to join the Battalion in his marriage meant to him, certain it is that the few short montbs between Mesopotamia, and very shortly afterwards he went up to the that time and his leaving England gave him the advance trenches of the force that was endeavouring to realization, as never before, of the happiness of life and of relieve Kut. The conditions of life out there were almost the pride of service, even though it would entail the great sacri indescribable, but he always put his heart and soul into his fice. work, ancl pride of service at such a lime, rather than love of 94 Roll of H onow·

H, M.A. HUGH FRANCIS RussELL SMIT ds July 5, 191 6. Born Augu st 11, 1887 Die d of woun

d frien dship that ma de It wa s not si mply a se nse of se vere peculiar force to the the de ath of Ru ssell Smith come with per sonality of unu sual min ds of tho se who kn ew him. A s, an d the promi se of at tractivene ss pa sse d out of their live character wa s su ddenly ihe highest achievement of min d an d more than that of an cut sh ort. His career wa s something the normal st age s of able an d popular man ri sing through in Co lleg e an d Un iver­ aca demic su cce ss to a se cure po sition he wa s forme d on no si ty life. It left a de eper mar k. For natural mo desty ob scure d conventional pa ttern. Exceptional th e (act that hi s li(e wa s a li ttle hi s great ability, but not an d directe d to an ideal feel from de ep sp ring s of convic tion of his own. Smith, of Hea thside, The se con d so n of Mr H. Ru ssell and came up to Potter s Bar, he wa s educate d at Rugby, 0 6. He alway s sp oke St John' s as a Cla ssical Scholar in 19 he forme d a lifelong affectionately of hi s ol d sc hool, where in their gift s as frien dship with Rupert Broo kc. Different common, not lea st their the two were, they ha d much in career s were curiou sly nobi lity of min d, an d their Un iversi ty ture, both were attaining parallel. In sc ho lar ship an d in li tera k them an d unite d them to fame, when a greater fame over too ulfille d renown.' in their early de ath-' the inheri tor s of unf Smi th' s per sonality When he came in to re sidence Ru ssell a prominent figure in an d all-roun d talent s quic kly ma de him si mple si ncerity, the the College. Everyone mar ked the hi s manner, though quaint humour, the engaging fran kne ss of point of view, hi s hi s emphatic convictions, hi s intel lectual serve of a de eper si lent pursuit of the be sl in life lay in the re regar ded na ture. He wa s the centre of a particular circle, k are rare, with an admiration an d affection which I thin cu lt now but hi s intere stswere many an d variou s. It is di ffi li te rary, or to recall any College club or so ciety-ath letic, He so cial-with which one do es not asso ciate his name. to lhe wa s esse ntially one of tho se men who are so invaluable garet corporate life of a College. Ascaptain of the La dy Mar Boat Club, editor of Tile Eagle an d secretary of the General Roll of Ho11otw 95

Athletic Club, amongst many other th ings, he took his full share of the dut ies wh ic h fall to a man of his var ied talents and unfa iling publ ic sp irit. Al l such posit ions he filled remarkably we ll, for he comb ined wi th an extraordinary good nature and tact a real power of bus iness, and he never at any time put his hand to anything that he did not carry through with the utmost conscient iousness. His splendid physique made him a good athlete, and he distingu ished himself especially on the river. But his liking for athlet ics wa s that of the healthy man for exerc ise, or wa s a matter of College loyalty, and wa lkin g wa s his favourite outdoor pursu it. Love of nature and the open air wa s strong in him, as in most educated Engl ishmen ; and a few cla ys wa lking, preferably in the New Forest, of wh ic h he wa s by old assoc iat ion particularly fond, wa s his invar iable suggest ion for a holiday He wa s the best of companions at such times, for his energy, the freshness of his conversat ion and his·enjoyment of life we re never more conspicuous. His undergraduate cla ys we re, I bel ieve, as happy as they we re act iv e, for he wa s a man of a singubrly contented sp irit, ta king life always as it came, in an odd wa y of his own, yet wi th a human largeness and recept ivity that showed the quality of his nature. Independent and self-conta ined, he had the simpl icity that brings enjoyment of life. He had, loo, his own sense of values , wh ich he fearlessly ma inta ined. His temperament wa s im pulsive, but his mind wa s balanced . and very crit ical, strangely free from pr ejudice, and controlled by a keen sense of the ridiculous. He saw the humorous side of life more cons istently than any man I have known -a gift lhat stood him in good stead and did not desert him even at the last. He wa s not easily adaptable, and, though intensely in terested in people, wa s in clined to be reserved and even shy. Nor wa s he at his ease as a public speaker He could not take himself ser iously enough for that ; though he wo n both College and Un iversity pr izes for reading, in wh ic h he excelled. He could wr ite we ll, wi th restraint, dign it y and point, and a real sense of style ; and he wa s a wide reader, being es pecially fond of Wordsworth and Meredith. He took \V ordsworlh with him to the trenches, but he found that ' mo dern poems seem to hit the mark for one living under Roll of Honour 97 96 Roll of Houour

con dition s be tte r than the thought of the day ra the r than with an ant iquar ian pa st; the st res s of unplea sanlly mo dern an d the encou ragement wh ich he rece iv e d from sc holar s of ol der cla ssic s. ' demic ca reer came afte r em inence in crea sed his in tere st in a su bject that ha d been The mo re br ill ian t pa rt of his aca ipo s, his own cho ice. ha d misse d a first in lhe Cla ssical Tt With his ca ree r thus de fin it ely se tt led he his de gree. He � : ination in be d in the t uddl e became engage d to Do rothy, da ughter of Dr Edwar d Ta it, of hav ing to take pa rt of the exam But, man of st rong lttera ry Highbu ry, whom he married in the Sp ring of 1914. of an attack of in fl uenza. we re not, in lhe judgment From the moment that he took upHi st o ry he sh owe d an in stinct s as he wa s, the Cla ssics s su bj ect, an d he ha d not in stinct ive pr eference fo r the sl ucly of pol itical theo rie s an d of tho se who knew him be st, hi ing ove r from Cla ssics to in stitut ion s. His acute mindan d broa d an d tole rant ju dg­ allogethe r foun d himself. Chang r that awakene d the ment well fitte d him fo r the analy sis an d compar ison of Hist ory he progre ssed in a manne first cla ss in Part Il. of idea s, an d his two book s sh ow that he woul d ce rta inly have highe st expectat ion s. He ga ine d a d the Th irlwall Priz e fo r risen to greal dist in ct ion in his su bject. 1 The Theory of the Hist ory Trip o s in 19 10, an Scholar ship in 191 1. He Rel igiou s Libe rt y in the Re ign s of Charle s 11. an d Jame s 11.', histo rical re se arch an d the Al len to lhe Ed itor s of th e Calli­ an essay writ ten in a single Long Vacat ion, wa s a re markable al so for a time gave useful help th ro�tgh tour de fo rce fo r an in exper ienced st udent of hist o ry To bridge lifodem Hislo1y in se eing the At la s Volume il orsh ip of the Cambndge han dle so la rge, vague an d difficult a subject in so sh ort a the Press, an d wa s offe red the Ed to �ccept. perio d of time, an d to wr ite so meth ing fresh upon it , sh owe d Review, wh ich to his regret he wa s not able worned about the a faculty for dist in gu ish in g between the im po rtant an d the Like many other men he wa s much from th in king that he wa s un important an d for hold ing the ma ste ry of what he took cho ice of a ca ree r, fo r he wa s far He hate d to do anyth ing in to his mind, which wa s I th ink his mo st ma rke d in tellectual we ll fitte d fo r an aca dem ic life. ugh amb itiou s of academ ic characte rist ic . 1 Har rington and his Oceana ' wa s wr itten that he coul d not do well ; an d tho ca reer,' as he calle d it , he wh ile he wa s Al ien Schola r. It took him to the Un it ed dist in ct ion, 1 ego tist ic about his ough t adm in istrat iv e work State s, a journey wh ich 1 has clone me in calculable goo d' do ubte d his powe r to teach and th schola r'sli fe se eme d to him He like d the Uni le d State s, move d about there a goo d de al, woul d be more congen ial. The ant ry, where men lo st the ir an d met many sc hola rs. ' They take me so se riou s! y ', he to lea d in to an ar id de se rt of pe d d. 1 To think of llmt wh ile wrote, 1 lreat me as if I we re an Engl ish profe sso r, and not a human ity an d from that be reco ile wa s deep ly in tere sting young pe rson who ha s re adHi st ory for just two yea rs' The it is Spr it�g is a bit de pressing. ' Life other people dt d book wa s a valuable cont ribut ion to knowle dge, for Barr ing­ to him an d he in ten dedto live it fully But an doffe rsof a College po st ton ha d been st ra ngely neglecte d, an d it showe d too a ra pid not sh are his view of his lim it at ion s, one qua rte r He ha d thu s to de velo pment of his powe rs. It wa s publ ishe d in the sp rin g so on came to him from mo re than hisar riv in g in my ro oms of 191 4 and brought him recogn ition from the Royal Hist or­ come to a de cision, an d I re member asa sy mbol that the great ical Soc iety-a dist in ct ion that se eme d to give him plea sure. one morn ing with a la rge umb rella de. But his own The two book s re veal him well-h is st ro ng an d clear in tel­ de cision to become a do n ha d been ma foun d him a place on lect, his fine gift of expre ssion, his thorough wo rkman ship, College wa s unw ill ing to lo se him, an d le ss valuable than what ha d been the human touch in the de lineat ion of character, the gentle it s st affI wh ichI though loyally pre- la ughte r at ext reme s of thought an d feel ing that ma rked hi s offere d to him el sew he re, he with cha racter ist ic a Lectu rer, conver satio n an d the de ep sy mpathy with de moc rat ic thought fen·ed. Thu s in the su mme r of 1912 he became a Fellow of wh ich ha d drawn him to se venteenth century st ud ie s. He and in Novembe r o£ t.he sa me year wa s electe d d a fiel d of work ha d al rea dy ma rke d out fo r himself a new piece of work in his College. By that lime al so he ha d foun up with the aclive the sa me fiel d when the outb reak of wa r in te rrupte d his plan s. in Pol it ic al Sc ience wh ich se emed linked VOL. XXXVIII. H 98 Roll of Houottt'. Roll of Honour 99

war he had sometimes talked, not without woods and Before the and night in gales. But there was ' no Spring in the ser iousness of look ing for some permanent employment with lines,' and he longed to see ' . another Engl ish Spr ing. There internat ional peace organ isat ions. Thetrs was a re unpleasant one of the we exper iences- in wet trenches and under wh ich he had much at heart, for he was a man of shell fire-' one cause does not fear death , but one is fr igh tened , and by reason, and he believed that the purely phys peace by nature ically,' and he was tw ice slightly wounded, had come when war might be preve nted. Not that though he di time d not leave his work. He was to have led he loved England less than othe rs, but he loved peace his Company in to act ion at Beaumont Hamel on the first more. Reluctantly, yet completely, he was conv in ced at day of the July offe ns ive, the ann iversary of his son's birth­ the beginn in g of Au gust 1914 that war was in evitable, and clay, but, in the early dawn of that clay, go in g out with a that he felt he had his part to play, wh ich could be party to cut with the wire in front of our trenches, he was none but the hardest that offered. For a few weeks he wounded with shrapnel, and four clays later died in hosp ital in the Un iv ers ity O.T.C., and also as an did good work at Ro uen, where he was bu ried in the English cemetery cers' Tra ining School in Cambr idge. in structor in the Offi He was not an ord inary man. A gentle and generous Then, in Ap r il 1915, he took a Commiss ion in the RiHe nature, a sp irit free � . from ta int of self seek ing and self de­ and spent some months as Ad jutant \ lth Ins cept ion raised Br igade, him above the common. Manly simpl icity battal ion at Sheerness. It was there that he recetved the and modes ty , openness of mind and absolute candour were Ru pert Brooke's death, wh ich seemed at first 'too some of news of the qualit ies that gave to his character its singular sad and wrong ;' but, later, there was 'some­ charm. unutterably No man could have been more loved in his genera­ th ing essentially good about it ;' and he wrote the notice tion. He di d not seek pra ise, yet the pra ise of a life fully of Brooke, 'always the same in comparable friend,' that and nobly lived, and then laid simply down at the call of appeared in the Rugby School magazine. Needless to say duty, is his, past quest ion. An d what pra ise could be higher ? d not find military life at first attract ive, though he He was he di so self distrustful that he did not th ink he could recogn ised the advantage of the exper ience. 'I am sure be worthy of a College Fellowsh ip , but now his name is one be glad of it all my life,' he wrote, 'if I su rvive.' that I shall his College will hold in a proud and perpetual remem­ as ever, brance. He took the greatest in terest in his work, and, It seems strange that he should fall in war-the his ability, 'for the sake of gentlest did what he did to the best of , the most del ightful of men-and all that human once added-a charac­ excellence civilian is m-I co in the word,' he be lost to us so soon. Yet oue always felt of him, France, and was fro terist ic touch. In October he went out to m the first meet ing to the last, that in his life and death qu ickly promoted. 'I shall do my best to make the th ing a there would be : success, ' he wrote , del ighted to get the command of his 'no weakness, no contempt, Company The men were 'absolutely splend id.' 'My ad- Dispra ise, or blame noth ing but well and fair.' miration for the way in wh ich they bear cheerfully very great hardships is st ill u11bounded.' An d his letters showed the same fi rm, yet humorous and respectful deal ings with them as had E. A. B. made his management of College clubs so marked a success. Moreover he found himself ' far less unhappy than I ever thought possible.' The open air life attracted him. 'This sort of war,' he wrote from behind the lines , 'where guns don't boom is all right-the country, the open air , simplic ity, a horse.' An d one heard often of lovely French villages, with orchards Roll of Honom'. 101 100 Roll of Honottr. himself friendl y towards th em , ow ing to a cer tain sh yn ess SOUP!l.R, B.A. NOEL BEAUMONT which he alwa ys admi tted." And on e of hi s ow n rank , a Lieu tenan t, wri tes: " For nt Sou per , of th e Roya l Sec ond Lieu tenan t Noel Be< 1um o m ys elf I have lost on e of my gr ea tes t friends , and th e tion on 1 Jul y 19 16, was a Berk shire Regimen t, wh o fell in ac Compan y-and indeed th e wh ole Ba ttali on-an offi cer wh o uper (of StJo hn's , B.A. n of th e Rev Francis Abr<1ham So so can never be rep laced. Ever ybodylo ved " Old Soup-can " 20 December 18 77 and 1 18 67). He w<1 s born at Ea stb ourne as we used to call him ; ever ybodyfr om th e C.O. to th e last hi s father atSt Andrew 's received hi s earl y educa tion under Priva te It wa s a bad d.t y for th e Ba ttali on when een th ye ar he wen t to Sch ool , Ea stb ourne. In hi s si xt you r husband lef t us al ong wi th some of th e ver and se ttling th ere, y bes t." Canada wi th th e in tention of farming ur or five ye ars , feeling a if poss ible , for life. Bu t af ter fo s, he re tu rn ed to England, strong de sire to ta ke Holy Order John's in 18 99, ta king his HAROLD CHARLES NORMAN resumed hi s studie s and en tered St TAYLOR, B.A. aside th e idea of bec oming B.A. de gree in 19 02. Then laying We are gl ad to be abl e to add to th e ver y brief acc There, for a ti me, he ount of gyman he wen t back to Canada. . a cler Lieu tenan t Ta ylor which appeared , and even tu ally in ou r la st number (Tit' ster ship in a sch ool atMo n tr eal took a Ma Eagle, xxxvii., p. 376). ere in 19 10 he married migra te d to Bri tish Columbia , wh In Augus t 19 14, on re turn fr om a sh ort holida y in Co la te Alexander Dick son rn­ Rosalie France s, daugh te r of the wall , he applied for a commis sion and was at on ce se ntto N or ie , Commander RN � Blackhea th s Sec ond Lieu tenan t in th e 20 th , Vanc ouver Island. Ba ttali on, His home was now at Cowichan Lond on Regimen t (Blackhea th and Wool wich). Af again st German y he ter four Immedia tel y on th e declara tion of war months tr aining and drilling his men th ere th e Ba ttali on was ghlanders , and came to enli sted in th e Canadian GOL·d on Hi � n: ov d to Be tchw orth in Surre y, where th eywere engaged in th e Domini on tr oops. England wi th th e firs t contingen t of chggm g tr enches for a month or more. In th e earl y par t of mudd y and we t Salis­ For si x months he wa s quar tered on Ma rch 19 15 Lieu tenan t Ta y lor wa s tr ansferred at a few e Roya l Berk shires fell bur y Plain. Then a commissi on in th hour s' noti ce , to St Alban s, where th e firs t divi si on of Ba ttali on of th at th e lot, and be was at tached to the 6th to his Lond on Regimen t wa s preparing for earl to join th e y depar ture to th e t. In December 19 15 he wen t to France Regimen fr ont, and he wen t at on ce wi th st da y of th em to France. He was for e fr ont. On th e firs t of Jul y, th e fir � Ba ttalion at th om e ti me in th e neighb ourh ood of Be thuneI and constan tly WC\S in ac tion. the gr ea t advance , he killed Ill an cl ou t fo th e tr enche s, bu t he sen t home ver y few de tail "I cann ot expre ss s One of his su peri or offi cers wr ote : of a 1yfig h ti ng or ac tions th at he ma y have be en in. t. There isno t a � He deepl y Lieu tenan t Souper's loss is fel how ob ta med his firs t leave , af ter six months and es teem , in Sep tember 19 15 cer in th isBa ttali on wh o did not love man or offi and a for tn igh t af ter his re turn � ing th e wa s in th e bat tle of Loo cer and a man. He me t his dea th sh ow as an offi w · him hen h'I s regimen t tcap ure tw o German I have cl 85mm. gu ns. The y he alwa ys sh owed , and ab out which courage th at occupied th e cap tured German of his tr enche s in fr ont of Loos for beard hi s me n ta lk I was a gr eatfriend of ten four cla ys, when th eywere on e relieved. Lieu tenan t Tayl or wa s ys considered him on e of th e fines t charac ters �he and alwa on ly offi cer of co hi s mpan y to escape harm ' and he w�s< could possibl y mee t." In com mand of t I 1e compan y for te n da ys Souper as an after th e attack An other wr ote as foll ows : "I ahvays knew He was al lowed home on leave sh ortly af ter th is I kn ow th at and wa s excellen t offi cer and a deligh tf ul compani on. prom . ' oted te mp orar y IeuL tenan t as fr om th e 26 Sep tembe r him : and th is , th ou gh his men , too, were in tensel y fond of tlle d ayaf ter th e assa ul t. He als o became Assis tant Adjutan t: as he used to te ll me , he found gr ea t difficul ty in sh owing H2 Roll of Honour. 102 Roll of Ho1101tY. 103

further south, in the in spirit, that he easily won t.he admiration of his men. Later his regiment was moved was in the action of lhe Whatever duties fell to him, however arduous they were, he neighbourhood of Souchez, and it he met his death ; he summoned up all his strength to meet them, and was a real 21 May 1916, on the Vimy Ridge, that time, but was not yet father to men who were much older than he was. He won had been acting as Captain for some m letters to Lieutenant the highest praise at the battle of Loos, when all the other gazetled. The following extracts, fro and gallant officer he officers of lhe company were pul out of action, and in the Taylor's father, show whal a capable long and arduous winter fighting that followed, his slight proved himself to be. formerly Colonel of the figure was only kept going by his fiery indomit;�ble spirit. Brigadier General Hubback, . 11 son very well, especmlly It was not that he had no fear and no nerves. He knew Regiment, wrote : I knew your time. He was always what it was t.o be frightened, but he ne ver shirked danger as he was my Signal Officer for some when commanchng I well remember him when we were in the Hohenzollern most gallant and fearless, and latterly, efficient officer. He was Redoubt and he was attached to Battalion Headquarters as a company, proved himself a most with me, and I am deeply SignaJling Officer and Assistant Adj utant. When four mines one of the few left who came out had gone up simultaneously on our right and a hideous grieved at his death." between 8 and 8.30 bombardment was in full swing he came running up to his His Colonel wrote : "Your boy fell critical moment when old company with a cheery, smiling face that heartened last Sunday evening. It was at a very our right and were in a every one of us. And when we used to reach billets for a t.he Germans had broken the line on Your boy was simply rest there was no one whose heart was lighter or whose portion of our own front trench. that his initiative and courage fellowship was more prized than your boy's. I can only splendid. I am quite certain , the arrest of the enemy s dwell on the fame your son won as a soldier and on the contributed in large measure to at t.he moment when he imperishable memory be has left behind with all who knew advance. He was killed instantly Out here we all loved and him. To me he is a very gallant figure ." had accomplished his endeavour. hearts go out to you and His Adjutant wrote : "I was privileged to count myself were proud of your boy, and our of such a son. Had he among your son's intimate friends out here, as we had served his mother in your grief at the loss him for lhe D.S.O., but all together at Heaclqu;�rters for a long lime, and it was a great lived I sh ould have recommended mentioned in despatches ". shock to me on my return from leave to learn of his clealh I can do now is to ask for it to be in March 1915, and I can give you no further details as to his death as I wa� His Major wrote : '' I first met him awa day until I was wounded y on leave at the time, but I should like to mention that we saw each other practically every the time work, difficul�ies, Chief of the Staff of the Division, in an account of the in September. During the whole as a compam�n, operations, stated that the whole situation was saved by and spare moments were, with him dangers, Cap unfailing od fellowsbtp, tain Taylor's prompt and courageous action." pleasures to me, because of his �� complammg acceptance His soldier servant wrote : "I feel 1 must convey to you slrict attention to discipline and un straigl t path of my deepest sympathy in your great loss, which is felt very conditions, always keeping in the � of trying ke e soldter, and I enly by every man in the Regiment. I, who was Captain The nation has lost a most valuabl duty Tay lor's servant ever since the battalion came to France and a very dear friend ". have lost all : 11 joined C the men who had been with him all through Captain writes I knew him well ; he , had the His late gr France. eatest admiration and love for him. He was ny on 8 March 1915, just before we left for a brave, Compa co was very urageous, fine soldier, a great leader, and a friend to our Mess he was a great favourite ; at first be all. In �e him we all never asked his men to go where he would not go quiet and mouest, but when we got to know huns so indomitable elf, but was always wilh and for his men. The N.C.O.'s loved him. He was so slight in figure, but 104 Roll of Houour. Roll of Honour 105

and men of C Company have asked me to convey to you HAROLD RoBERT WALES. their condolence in our mutual loss." writing to Lieutenant Taylor's elder brother His Adj utant, second Lieutenant H R. Wales, of the East Yorkshire Stuart Taylor M.B., R.A.M.C. (T.), of King's) , . (Captain E. Regtment, who was killed in action on 14 July 1916, was the on leave at the time of his death so cannot wrote : "I was only son of Mr and Mrs Horace Wales, and was born in of what occurred, but I gather that he tell you personally SheHield 2 May 1895. He was educated at the Central the Colonel during the German attack on the was sent up by Secondary School, Sheffield, where he held a Lancastrian report on the situ!'ltion, and on arriving at the � Vimy Ridge to Schol rship. He was a man of the highest intellectual found that the enemy had broken through at a front line prom1se and had a most distinguished school career In near the front and were rapidly spreading along mine crater 1910 he got first-class honours in the Oxford Senior Locals He at once collected a few men and counter the line. with distinction in' Mathematics · and in 1911 and 191l the Germans by bombing, beating back their attacked distinction in Mathematics at the Higher Certificate Exami­ confining tlH::ir gains to the edge of the crater, advance and nation, and in 1914 in the same examination he obtained a very serious danger He stayed and thereby averting distinction in Mathematics, English, Mechanics and Physics the position regained, and it was while return­ consolidated and was awarded a Town Trust Scholarship. In 1912 he Headquarters, after this, that he was hit by � ing to Battalion wa awarded a Mathematical Scholarship at Trinity Hall, of which must have reached his heart, as he . a splinter of shell, wlHch he ch cl not avail himself, and in 1913 was awarded an He would certainly have had the D.S.O. had died instantly Entrance Scholarship of £80 a year at St John's. He com­ it is he can only be mentioned in despatches ". he lived, as menced residence in the October Term of 1914, and at the . end of Ius first year ?£ was placed in the First Class of Part I. . the Mathematical Tripos. On en tering the College he DENZIL CLIVE TATE TWENTYMAN1 B.A. JOined the O.T.C., and having completed his training obtained a Regiment, commission in the East Yorkshire Regiment. On the 14th Captain Twentyman, of the York and Lancaster leading of July last he was wounded and we"n t to the dressing station who was killed in action 1 July 1916 while gallantly and Twentyman, had his injury attended to and then, without the least his men, was the elder son of Mr James Robert He was delay, went back into the fighting line and was killed. of Kirby Misperton Hall, Pickering, Yorkshire. The Adj utant of the Regiment, writing to Lieut. Wales' born at Shanghai 27 June l 890 and was educated at Broms­ ng his B.A. parents, says : "During the short time your son was with grove School, entering St John's in 1909 and taki joined the this Battalion he proved himself a ·most efficientand gallant degree in 1913. After leaving Cambridge he On the officer, whose loss will be greatly felt amongst all ranks." Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. gazetted The Commanding Officer wrote : "After getting his wound outbreak of war he at once joined the Army, being and dressed he returned to the firing line and met his death Second Liet1tenant in the lOth Battalion The York �s e man could. He would have been perfectly 1914 ; he was promoted only a brav Lancaster Regiment 19 September . . . ; he JUstified 1n gomg to the clearing station, but returned to his Lieutenant in December 1914 and Captain in May 1915 men of his own free will." went to lhe front in September 1915. Captain Twentyman married 30 June 1915, at the Parish eldest Church, Bushey, Herts. , Milclred Sybil Josephine, , daughter of Mr Percy Hall, of The Gables, Glisson Road Cam bridge. 106 Roll of Honour. Roll of Ho11our. 107

CHARLES ARMY JOHN ARNOLD WILLETT. TAGE WOOLER.

Second Lieutenant C. A. Wooler was the youngest son Lieutenant J. A. Willett was the younger son of Mr and of Mr Ernes! Octavius Wooler, solicitor, of Balks House, Mrs John James Willett of 22, Ellenborough Road, Weston­ Wortley, Leeds. He was born at Wortley 16 March 1895, super-Mare. He was born 10 February 1895 at Banwell, and like his elder brother, Lieutenant H. S. Wooler (see Somerset, and was educated at Wycliffe College, Stonehouse, T!IeEa gle, xxxvii., p. 376), was educated at Sedbergh School, Gloucestershire, entering St John's in October 1913 and read and was elected to a Lupton and Hebblethwaite Exhibition for the Historical Tri pos. at St John's in June 1914. On the outbreak of war the two On the outbreak of war in 1914 he at once enlisted in the brothers at once joined the ranks of the West Yorkshire Gloucestershire Regiment, but he received a commission as Regiment. Later both obtained commission in the West Second Lieutenant in (Prince Albert's) Somerset Light Yorkshire Regiment. Lieutenant C. A. Wooler was wounded, Infantry 9 November 1914 ; in May 1915 he was tr�nsferrecl though not seriously, on 26 September 1915. He returned to the Royal Fusiliers, and, with his elder brother Lteutenant to the front and was again wounded on 1 July 1916, and died L. Willett, was sent to the Dardanelles. His battalion on 20 July in the Herbert Hospital, at Woolwich. He was belonged to the famous 29th Division. He was reported buried at the Harlow Cemetery, Harrogate. His former wounded and missing in an engagement on 28 June 1915, Colonel, writing to Lieutenant Wooler's father, says : "I am when the battalion suffered very heavily, as appears from deeply grieved because I was very fond of him, and he was a letter written by Lance-Corporal Lipscombe, elated 17 one of the cheeriest, pluckiest and most loyal officers I had, January and published in the Westem Gazette of 29 January or any C.O. could wish to have. His simplicity and his 1916. In this he says : "When we had to advance, on regard and affection for his men made him, young as he was, June 28, we had 16 officers and 800 metl, and 15 officers got . a born leader of men. I cannot express to you my sympathy killed, and we lost over 500 men. Lteutenant Wtllett was over his loss and also that of his brother, both of whom the only one who got wounded, and I saw him in the last worked so hard and who were ideally fitted for the task of trench which we took. His arm was then in a bad slate, leading men." I bandaged it up as well as I could, and took him to a trench which led to the 89th Field Dressing Station. I would have gone to the station with him, but the battle I was in was too bad and my place was in the firing line, as we did not have many men left." What happened after must of necessity be a matter of speculation, but the absence of any news of a reassuring nature, after so long an interval, makes it only too probable that Lieutenant J. A. Willelt succumbed to his injuries. Information has been received from the American Ambassador in Constantinople that Lieutenant Willett is not a prisoner in Turkish hands. Obituary. 109

in the town, who we re su pposed to be responsible for their conduc t, a trust ge nerally well-fulfilled ; and a few elder boys, who had come on from other sc hools (Lincoln su pplied some notable case s) in orde r to be under Ke nnedy for a fe w ye ars �bitUlll'\? before going to the Universi ty, we re allowed to live in lodgings by themselves. Gwatkin was a lodge r ; and what ever may be the defects of suc h a syste m, it has to its credi t the fact REV. PROF HEN RY MELVILL GWATKIN , M.A. of having broug ht hi m to Shrewsbu ry "It must have been in the Christmu t see med none the coul d there do no mighty work ') something which the Son worse for that. On the other hand, he was ve ry sel dom of God was not able to do." Acc ide nt, as wel l as nature, troubled by the liberties that sc hool-boys are incli ne d to take made his life exceptional. Illness, when he was only five wi th those who bear no part in hours of pl ay It is not too ye ars ol d, made his hearing defec tive, and his de af ne ss grew muc h to say that he inspired a sort of awe even in the worse in later years. Thus somewhat isolated, he never irre verent. I only re membe r one striking exception. The pe rhaps qu ite put on the "lad,'' bu t re tai ne d traces of the clay-boys, who we re at the time exce ptionally strong and chil d in the ma nhood which he early re ached. rese nted the exclusiveness of the boarde rs, got up some Till the age of twelve hi s fathe r taught him at home , bu t sports of their own, and mischievou sl y pe rsuade d Gwatkin to the n se nt him to Shrewsbu ry at that time a specially Johnian start in se ve ral race s. I do not think he ever fu lly under­ sc hool, to be unde r the famous Dr Ke nnecly '' He belonged to a stood that they had been making fun of him. It was frie nds class," Mr Heitland writes, "among whom Shrewsbu ry sc hool that di d it. Then, as afterwards in College, he ,was eithe r in the middle of last century found some of its most dis­ too innocen t to su spec t, or too good -natured to resent, tricks tingu ishe d sc holars. He was neither a boarder (indee d the pl ayed upon him by his contemporaries. I cannot ref rain life would not have suited him) nor a re gular day-boy from from add ing that fr om the time of ou r first me eting at the town. A fe w boys we re allowe d to board with families school to later years at Cambridge ou r rel ations we re of the 110 Obituary. Obituary. 111 ple a ntest. He wa s alwa ys good to me, and du ring the first book, Stttdies of Arianisut, the subject on which to the as : year s when he li ved in College allowed me freely to dra v last he wa s at his best, both as an histor ia n and as a Christian upon his stores of learnin g whenever I chose. Among all Ius philosopher Yet the fac t that this wa s hi s only publica ti on varied and exac t knowledge he al wa ys moved wi th a stron g was pa rt-cause that, when the fir st elec ti on to the Di xi e step, fresh and independent in jud gment, warm in his lik es Pr of essorship of Ecclesiastica l History at Emrnanuel took and di slikes. He ha d none of the mac hi ne-made smoothness plac e in 1884, Gw a tkin wa s an unsuccessful competi tor that it seems to be the first ai m of modern English sc hool His bearing under his disappointment could not have been systems to produce. May I clai m for the old Shrewsbury better ed , an d he and the new Pr ofessor, Creighton, coopera­ sc hool some li ttle credit for not destroying in him the ted in close friend ship unti l Cr eighton was pr omoted to lhe 'robustness and straightforwardness' which Sa mu el Bu tler Bishopric of Peterborough in 1891 Gwa tki n wa s then even thought a common charac teristic of Sa lopian s ? '' elec ted lo the Pr of essorshi p and Fellowship at Emmanuel. It was in Oc tober 1863 that Gwatki n came up to St John's It wa s characteristic of hi m that, intendi ng to be ordained to achieve his remarkable rec ord of fou r Fir sts, only possible in the spring of 1891, he waited until the elec ti on wa s over to one who in addi ti on to brilliant gif ts was a hu sba nder of before carrying ou t his pur pose, to avoid any misconception his ti me, and possessed. of the savoir faire o£ working. In as to his motives in taki ng Orders. an gler (Ja nuary), one yea r ' 18671 he was brack eted 35th Wr He could now wri te more, though works came slowly. bracketed 9th Classic (March), and bracketed 3rd in Moral The Arian Contt'ovcrsy (1889), Selections frolll Early Christian Sciences, while at Ea ster 1868, as a "Middle Bac helor " , he Writers ( 1893), his ser mons, The Eye for Spiritual Things (1 90 6), was the only Fir st Cla ss in Theology At the sa me ti me, his Gi ffor d Lectur es of 1903, pub li shed as Tlr� Knowledge of Univer sity Prizes, all connected wi th the career he aimed at, God (1906), and Eat'ly Church History till JI 3 A.D. (1909), were being won by him in quick succession. In the Theo­ embodied muc h of his or al teaching. It was not a bulky logical Examination of 1868 he took the prize for Hebr ew harvest, bu t Gwa tkin , being never foggy, wa s seldom lengthy and the Sc holefield Prize for Bib lical Greek. Already in 1865 an d avoid ed the temptin g pi tfa ll of unnecessar y infor ma tion. he had won the Carus Gr eek Tes tamen t Pri ze, which fell to He was an Editor, too, first of Th� Clmrch Past aml Pt'esent him again in 1869. The Cr osse Scholar ship in 1869 and the (1899), and then of the Ca111bridge Medieval Hist01y, to which Tyrwhitt Hebr ew Schola rship in 1870 complete the li st. In he contributed an ad mirable su mmary of the Arian Contro­ 1868 he wa s el ec ted to a Fellowship, which he held unti l his versy One may ven ture to detec t in the two volumes of it marriage in 1874. which have appeared si gns of his cl ear vision of the mark to On his elec ti on as Fellow Gwatki n began that metier of be ai med at an d the principles on which th e aiming shou ld teaching for whic h he wa s so singularly endowed. He be done. In this as in other things Gwa tkin sa w his ''clue star ted, as perhaps the best teachers mu st, by taking private to lif e and followed it." pu pils, and indeed continued to do so till he was mad e Gwa tki n's qua lifica ti on s as a teacher were man y, yet even Di xi e Pr of essor Then in 1874 , on the eve of vaca tin g his ta ken all together they do not qui te render the personal Fellowship, he wa s appointed College Lecturer in Theology, impression. Insi ght, accuracy, luci di ty, pi thiness, a strong In the end most Ca mbridge theologica l students attended sense of historic proportion and perspective, the dramatic his lec tu res, while numb ers of History men went to his imagination whic h mad e dead men an d ti mes li ve agai n to course on General Medieval History, if not to some course on him, the critical reasonableness which pr evented those a special subject or period as well. To find room for re­ energized ghosts being carica tur es, all these were his and sea rc h must have been difficult in his busy days, but Gwatki n enab led hi m to overcome and even to utilize the seemingly was a master of the use of ti me. In 1882 he published his crushing di sadvantages under which he laboured. He wa lk ed 112 Obituary. Obituary. 113 us small re stlessly up and clown, all bu t tum bling at vario especially of Jerusale m, of which we freque ntly ta lked, and elf up on th� de sk and ste ps and obstac le s, he swu ng hims . eve n then I wa s of te n surprised at the wide ra nge and the tclea of sat there; bu t, so doing, he banished the lu rkmg de pth of his knowledge . He had that power, rare in, d of te ac h­ lea rning what you ou ght to learn on you r side , an bu t invaluable to, a historia n of be ing able to realize The vague, ing a de hu manized acce pted orthodoxy on his. 1l0w men , and especially the leade rs, must have felt, and bright gl ance of his short-sighted eyes lef t you an uncanny what mu st have bee n the . ir motives and pu rposes. He se ntial to see . Hts feeling that he saw and unde rstood all es would ta lk abou t the clays of the grea t prophets of Jud ah istinct, the words, voice, though rich in various tones, was ind as if he had read that morning's "Jerusalem Times." It king in his mouth, we re some times exploding, some time s cho wa s the same with early Church history, and his clear B�t two or �l�ree not easy to identify at a first lecture. insight and power of grasping the ideas and principles in any pu zzlmg handwnl mg, lectures taught pu pils his dialec t like a syste m or doctrine, which we re rea lly important, made his had something ele me ntal and his speech, bec ome articulate, comments of exceptional va lue , in he lping one to rec ognise beare r like the waves about it. It might seem to a fanciful ol d foes with new faces.' To him a continuity existe d spa�e the beating in a Cornish cave, bringing to that narrow be twee n pa st and present : there was not, as with so many, a. It was all htslory sou nds and brine of an unstrai te ne d se an al most impassable gu lf . We of te n, as time we nt on, talked point, bu t you felt that he gave you. He might focus on a abou t his first book (Studies of A1'iauis111) and I th ink I ha d e se nse he crea ted �f all the pic tu re was there ; and th some share in inciting him to write it ; for, as is not rare with all things human too !c thetr complex moveme nt, in which me n of grea t ability, thoroughness, and le arning, he wa s to an end o�·dame�, a pa rt, of an organic de vel opment rather averse from writing for pu bl ication, and when he had were consciOus wilful deve lopme nt in which tbe single cells begu n upon his Studies of Ariauism, he used to growl at the e and Circumstance we re human be ings, in which Tim ta sk and refe r to it as that 'pestiferous book.' In this, as in potenta tes, bu t Chance was not, this he lef t at least as an what he has su bseque �. ntly written, the qual ities, which I have with many hearers. There was some th ng me abiding me mory . ntioned above, are strikingly displaye d, and in my opinion His incisive se nte nces, gtvmg formative in his pe rsonality fe w writers have shown a cleare r insight, a greate r power in ents in a few strokes, crystal­ the mea ning of long se ries of ev grasp and a more luc id me thod of expression, than he has nolions of his hearers into lize d the unformed, uncollected clone. His style wa s, to myself, most attrac tive, te rse and of opinions, and of opinions the consistency and de finition expressive, re strained and picturesque ; he could be incisive tally stuck together, even though on not neutral or acciden occasion, bu t was evidently always anxious to be just. It tu rned gristle into bone ; and, w opposed to the teac her's. He as ever so with him ; in the affai rs of ordinary life he sought he ga ve light and kindled. to to va ry the metaphor, be true and just in thought, word and dee d, caring not vealed the ma n, if not the whole wh Gwatkin's lec tures in short re ether what he sa id or did pleased or offe nded either the ll in the earlier yea rs af le r ru ma n. Dr Bonney, who knew him we ling clique or the mob. His last piece of literary work, lheir rooms be ing opposite one Eng his election to his Fell owship, land's case against Germany, is pe rvaded with a de sire to writes of him : be another on the first fl oor of M Sec ond Court, just and true in eve ry statement or comment. e days, and could not hea r " He was ra ther deaf even in thos "His interest in Natural History must not be forgotten. with comfor t lf when many we re tal king- which �e to himse had formed a collec ti on of the 'lingual ribbons ' or ma de him averse from ge ne ral socie ty- bu t had little or no Stbceou s palatal tee th of one division of the mollusca, which trou ble when only one was speaking. So we had many lllust b e an unusually rich one, for he had correspondents in walks and ta lks. At that time I wa s actively intereste d in Ina ny p arts of the world . His de xterity in mounting these topogra phy, antiqu Pa le stine, a nd Slllall, the ities and history of almost minu te, objects for the microscope was remark- VOL. XXXVIII. Obituary. 115 114 Obituary. home with him down Downing Street, on his right side, and in many respects able and here his shortness of sig ht, which often went into the study which I came to know well-with good stea�, cut t1im off from obse rving nature, stood him in its picture of Creig hton, its comple te lining of books, its Here , as m for he could use his eyes as if they were le nses. faint suggestion of the "beasts ", whose de ntition he dis­ to advantage, so ma ny other th ings, he ove rc ame, nay turned sec te d, and the cat on the ma ntelpiece. Once I found him obstacles physical drawbacks, which would have been fatal all al one in the lec ture-room, and he insisted on giving me to success with most me n." the lec tme all to myself. We talked over many things in clergy­ The le tter written la st Se ptember to a Swedish Ch urch History, and many matters be aring on religion ; and man to wh i�h Dr Bonney re fe rs, Euglaud's case against I found him one of the most helpful people I have known in erwards in the Gen:rany, wa s printed in the N a lion, and aft Cambridge. He was frank and fair and sympathetic. It has now b en Ca11lbridge Review, as we ll as else where. : Afle r the evening without a Tacitus, I took to going to his the F?re1gn re printed as a pamphlet with the authorization of general course in Ch urch History Like others I found the m was Office . It is all the more re mar kable because Gwatk first lec ture rather unintelligible . Whe th er his deafness dow n by a already ailing. Ea rly in August he had bee n run made it so or not, his articulation wa s pecul iar, and it took at le ast hastened the careless motorist, and the accident . one some time to master it. Th en all was pl ain sailing. ring for a httle apoplec tic stroke, of which he died, after li nge His lec tures were some of the be st I have heard. He did etery time, on Nov. 14th. He was buried in St Giles' cem not go very qu ickly ; with a little practice one got clown Thomas He married in 1874 Lucy de Lisle, daughter of Re v pr ac tically the whole lec ture. And he re I ma de an inte­ Brock, Vicar of St John's, Guernsey, wh o with a son and a re stillg discovery. I had not beg un at the beg inning of the daughter survives him. . course , and I made good the gap fr om the notes of Halliclay am­ The Master of Emmanuel, in his obituary nohce (C Douglas, then minister of St Columba's Ch urch, and a that Bishop Creighton's bridge Review I Nov 22ncl), sugge sts Fe llow-Commoner of St John's. Ne xt ye ar I we nt to the 1' I s a so,1 self-chosen epitaph might we ll se rve for Gwat un ope ning lectures wh ic h I had missed, and, when I looked th is we may add the 1 He trie d to write true history ' To over my notes along with Douglas', I found se ntence afte r 1 tae te stimony of an old frie nd of his : he was integer vi se ntence ve r.bally the same . sce lerisque purus.' He would challenge me n to go to the sources-to "prove him wrong" and te ll him. I did go to the source s, and I have the note-book still (re-bound and interleaved for pe r­ 189 The first time I ever saw Professor Gwatkin was in 3, ma ne nt use) with the sources noted ag ainst the passages. I g on the whe n I we nt to an evening lec ture he was givin did not catch him in error Of course one formed one's way to the source s of Early Church History I found my opinions, as we were encouraged to do ; Gwatkin ha d no There was lec ture room upstairs in Emmanuel and entered. quarrel with that. But I do not th ink I ever found him . He a roomful of twe nty me n, and the Pr ofessor pac ing about wrong in fac t. me point-blank : wheeled right round as I came in, and aske d When he brought out his Clnwch Hislo1y, he gave me the 11 the whole Have yo11 brought a Tacitus ?" I had not, and proofs to reacl. I stipulated on two conditions-! was Lo say hing. company !augh'ed outright. It was a li ttle astonis what I liked, and he was to do what he liked, to put the course A pparenlly he had tolcl people attending his general sugge stions, etc., in the waste-paper basket if he pleased. to bring Tacitus, and fe w, if any, had re me mbered. The fir st sixty-four pages we re already in page ; I saw the e The passage in Taci tus wa s A111wls, xv. 44, :md the lectur re st in shee ts. I took the liberty for which I had bargained, over was the first of many vVeclnesday evenings so spent and made great use of it. Once , I reme mber , I read a lot of ed a pe riod of three ye ars. If I remember, I ge nerally walk 116 0 bituary. Obituary. 117 galley in the train, and made no end of comments and criti­ a student listened to him, he woul d fail to take in a good cisms. I pos ted the pr oof at Norwich station, and by the : mai Y of the Pr ofess or's words but when once he became time I reac hed Sheringham I began to wonder whether I had � habttuat d to the method of expr ess ion, the lecture bec not gone perhaps a little far in criticizing my old teacher. : ame a ·eally JOyous thing. It was illuminating, inspiring, entirely So I wrote to him. His reply was delightful-all that was alive. As Mr Duncan-Jones has so happily said, 'Name amiss with my criticisms was that they were wr itten in rather : s beca�e men ' he partic ular vista of history moved too faint a pencil ! I always fel t lhat that gave the quality : before one, hke a nver m flood. The mass of detail which of lhe man. Later on he gav e me more cons pic uous thanks. � Pr ofessor Gwat {in had at his command was never so us ed So I look back on the whole of that episode with pl easure. as to choke the nver's fl ow and obsc ur e its cours e. The Per haps he had delayed too long in publishing the ? re may have een technical faults as to arr angement of material "History "-a criticis m that may be made of a good deal -though tt would not be so easy to justify this opinion-but of Cambridge work. We ar e a litlle ap t to leave our works such faults did not really count. He must have sent ma ny listene to a literar y executor , and when it comes out the field is � _ rs way 111 profound disagreement wilh his opinions, but never occ up ied and the book is alr eady a little old . 111 a fog as to his meaning or confused as to the ver be said on that score, he was a gr eat, open­ gr eat ness of But whate the Issues._ minded, open-h ear ted teacher He believ ed in tr uth against Pr ofessor Gwatkin has said that it will tax a far gr eater trad ition. Authority, he us ed to tell us , was "not hing more person than he to wr ite the epic of Arianism. It was bec ause than the pr esumption of ev id ence " ; no matter whose was the he realised the gr eatness of that controversy that his own authority, he had lhe habit of going to the ev idence himself ac hIe_ vements seemed sm re were fussy all by its side. But his realisation and he taught his pupils to do the same. The _ of Its gr eatness was in itsel f an ac hievement of which few people for whom his Pr otestantis m was too outspoken ; as a � � ar e c pa le, for to penetrate to the inner meaning of such rule they knew less of the ev id ence for what he said than he a conflict IS a pr oof not only of high intellectual power, but did, and took refuge-the more discreet of them-in taste. als o of 'the eye for spir itual things ,' to us e the title of his It is possible, however , to love taste at the cost of tr uth. _u _ p bhshed volume of sermons. Like many me n of decide Gwatkin was not daunted by small critics and small criti­ d Vtews he was a good hater, but ev en when one diff ered most cis ms-he was a man, and he was not very apt to be afraid . fr om his judgments, one wou ld ad mit that they were neve I have to thank him for years of fr iendship and common r the outcome of anything mean or petty, of any antipathy to inter ests , and for my introduction to stud ies which have . per_son s except 111 so far as they seemed to stand for causes never ceas ed to appeal to me. � for n untruthful view of things, which stirred him int� T. R. G. passwna�e pr . _ otest He was a gr eat teacher because a gr eat beltever 111 the abiding value of that history which he taught : and he believed in history because he believed in Christ and fo und in Him the one key to the pas t, the one hope for� the future. Pr of essor Gwatkin was a gr eat historian ; a theologian who saw all things, in which there was any good , made one in J. K. M. the Pers on of Christ, the centre of all his thought ; an d an absolutely firs t-class lecturer I cannot unders tand the ten­ dency in one or two quarters to depreciate his gifts as a lecturer One may gr ant lhat on the firs t one or two occasions

12 118 Obihtary. Obituary. 119

A. s. TETLilY. In 1894 Tetley was appointed Head Master of the County Sc hool, Newtown, Montgomeryshire, and shortly afterwards in his _£�rty-eighth On September 4th, died at Taunton, married an old friend of his childhood, who with three Samuel I etl ey year, unexpectedly and suddenly, Alfred children su rv ives him. Nothing may be said here of his later at the Indepen­ Educated first at Queen's College and home life, sav e that between him and his wife-herself a u John's in 1887 dent College, Taunton, Tetley came p to St Cambridge-trained teacher and a music ian- existed a true and a and went clown in 1891 with a first in the first part and abiding comradeship. Tripos. Al ready second in the second part of the Classical � Telley left Newtown in 1902 to become firstHe ad Master a spirited piani t, when he came up a fi ne organist and of the newly-founded Municipal Secondary Sc hool at Sc ar­ experienced as a chmr­ well-read in the theory of music and borough, a large sc hool having sides for both boys and girls, mu sic. When one master, he took a leading part in College and owning finemodern bu ildings in the middle of the town. conduct as usual year Dr Garrett found himself unable to Here, as at Newtown, the work was pioneer work; the the Hall , Tetley the Musical Soc iety's May-week Concert in sc hool was of a new type and Tetley had to create his ru s and stepped into the breach, trained and rehearsed cho methods and traditions. It was work af ter his own heart, t orchestra and as conductor carried through the Concer and his foundations were well and truly laid. Recognising layer, in masterly fashion. He was an energetic tennis-p the weak spots in the upbringing of the class from which the the keen at whist-strict Cavendish had not then bowed bu lk of his sc holars came, he aimed to give them the worthier a fiery knee to Bridge-a n uncompromising radical and part of the pu blic sc hool code, straightness and unselfish play­ a few other choice spitits, by means of speaker He with . ing of the game, and beside this the power to appreciate what : �ery a series of prov oc ative motions, breathed hfe mto the is great and fine in nature, the arts, literature and life-a broad hons, dry bones of the Debating Society : of one of these mo humanism in short. By force of charac ter, example and egulated "That this house woul d welcome a system of state-r sympathy he largely succeeded in this diffic ul t essay : his infanticide," memories still linger in Cambridge. works follow him, and will long do so. That he had special age was a rather It must be owned that Tetley at that � endowments for the task will be pl ain from what follows. prickly person; thin-skinned, hasty- tempered his c at- tails � . Tetley was born, of Yorkshire stock on his father's side, with him was an anxwus prtvtlege ; ev er trailing, friendship . . at Burton-on-Trent, on the 15th August 1868; soon after­ 1t bu t of friends he had no lack; his wrath was bn ef as wards his parenls moved to Taunton, and there he spent his lfish was explosive, and the man so gif ted, kindly and unse boyhood and youth. A thorou gh ou t- of-doors man, he that his foibles were bu t du st in the balance. grew up in that delectable land a prac tised fiel d-naturalist, On leaving Cambridge Tetley took up teaching, first as knowing in the signs of the sk y and the wa ys of plants, under Dr Assistant Master at Cr aig more Col lege, Clifton, � beasts and birds, butterflies and moths. The study of moths Ralph. Into the work of this somewhat odd co-educa ional in partic ular he followed ardently al l his We. Ni ght after sc hool he threw his ac cust omed energy, prov ed an admtrable night he was away to the woods, and, making friends wilh a teacher, and made himself-by nature no at hlete-into keepers and other night-watchers, gained much curious lore. first-rate crick et captain. But that was the heroic age of Many holidays were spent with this end in ou t of the way Somerset crick et ; Tetley yielded to none in enthusiasm, and spots at home and abroad, and his contributions to the his wife use to tease him by telling how the moment the science are known to entomologists. s wedding party had ret urn ed from the serv ic e to her father' Happily for him fortune laid his lines always in fair house he left her side to clash into the street after a paper places. Towns stifled him, and ev en from Sc arboroug h he boy crying the Cou nty's latest sc ore. sought a refug e among the wide inland moors, where in 120 Obituary. Obituary. 121 dren and a friend or two, for he school cadet corps, a cottage with his wife, chil while he also acted as a special constable · was no r� clus e, he could lay aside the rest raints of civil life. litlle wonder that he broke clown ba dly in the Easter term of Indeed the picture of him which springs first to the mind's this year. A rest of many weeks seemed to giv e back most of eye shows him thus- his tall loosely-built frame cl ad in his wonted vigour i the Su mmer term pass ed without mishap, knicker-bockers and Norfolk jacket of apparently deathless an d a holiday in the West apparently completed his restor­ old age, his shock of fair cu rly hair stuck into a cap equ ally at ion. He was spending a few clays wilh his wife at Taunton, venera ble, glasses on nose and cigarelte in mouth, pockets fu ll of preparations for the coming te . rm' when without burst ing with dark-slides and wooden pil l- boxes and killing­ wanung he was seized with illness, became almost at once bot ll es for moths, his butterfly- net, camera and goodness unconscious , and so died aft er a very brief interval ; and at knows what other tack le slung about him. Telley was a Taunton, his ea rly home, his body now lies at rest . skilled photographer, and a dexterous hand at enlargements For the writ er Tet ley's death brings the severing of a tie the and lantern slides and the manifold technical details of cl os e-k nit at St John's and firmer only from the passag e of craft. Not qu it e to be called a linguist , he had a working nearly thirty years. To write of such a friend at su ch a time me knowledge of French and Ge rman, read Italian and so otherwise than halting ly is imposs ible i but such as it is this Spanish, and while in Wales he pick ed up enough Welsh t o sketch is off ered here with the trust that Johnians may be read it and to pass the time of day with the country folk . glad Lo have on record in The Eagl� some memorial of a man For a time he took up mountain-climbing, and was ever a whom many honoured and loved. iuterest in polit ics survived, mighty walker and cyclist. His A. F and he followed the social movements of the day closely and critically, al ways with strong progress iv e leanings. His music has been already mentioned, and he had a real though untrained talent for drawing. CHAHLES THOMAS CLOUGH, M.A., LL.D., F.G.S. So much for Tetley's tastes and accompl is hments. The man himself is not easy to sum up, but three points stand out i Charles Thomas Clough was born on the 23 December his utter sincerity, his sens itiveness to beauty in al l forms, 1853, at Prustroyd, Huddersfield. He was the third son of Tho his warm heart ; and with these went a ]{een and versatile mas William Clough, Town Clerk of Huddersfield, and A brain and a tireless industry Shy, highly-st ru ng, irascible melia Maria, daughter of Dr Ibeson of Pontefract. He he was yet the most hospitable, entered Ru gby in 1867, when Temple was Head apt to be brusque in manner, . master ' and on . generous , kindly and sympathetic of men; a seer of visions, leav mg school m 1871 became a member of ou r College. tension, genuinely He was awarded an Exhibition in Nat but no dreamer i loat hing snobbery and pre ural Sciences in 18721 obt ai modest , and transparently honest, with a sound judgment ned a First Class in the Natu ral Science Tripos in 1874 bei and ready boyish humour no man was ev er more exactly �· ng br ack eted second with J N Langley, Herbert Carpenter: what he seemed. D. Roberts , and C. E. Shelley, and was elected Scholar .m That Tetley's untimely end must be laid to Lhe charge of the same year. He took his B.A. in 1875 and his M.A. the wa r there can be little doubt. Too old to fight , he of 10 1878. In 1875 pur pose set himself to do two men's work, so as to free a Cloug h joined the Geological Survey, as Tem­ porary younger man. Added to the endless administrative worries Ass istant Geologist , became Geologist in 1896, District Geo l · 111· of a big school, seriously understaffed, this entail ed his teach­ ogtst 1902, and was on the ev e of retiring when he died ing every hour of the school week , taking boys in special on the 27 August 1916. His fi rst work on the Survey · was co1 ne subjecls out of hours, and himself raising and training a 1n and around the valley of the Tees , under the Obituary. 123 122 Obituary. At the time of his death he was preparing a memoir on who soon appreciated supervtswn of the late H H. Howell, "The Economic Geology of the Central Coal-Fields of Clough joined the � the sterling qualities of the new recruit. Scotland." Thi work in the coal-fields brought him in and contributed a � 1t�1. _ Geological Society of London in 1875, cont ct "': muung engineers, who attached great value Teesdale," to paper on "The Section at the High Force, to hts OptnlOn on doubtful points. was his first con­ that Society in the following year This As a geologi<;al surveyor Clough probably stands unsur­ all his subsequent tribution to geological literature and, like pas�ed, in th�s or any other country, for detailed, accurate and careful attention . _ works, it is characterized by accuracy wotk. Hts SJX-lllch field-maps contain far more information to minute detail. than can ever be publt"shed · Tl 1ey can on J y be fully appre- England he was . After eight years work in the north of Ciated by those who have the opportunity of testing their of the one-inch transferred to Scotland on the completion value on the ground. in 1884. The Cowal geological map of England and Wales Clough was a short strongly-built man, possessed of great him. This is a district district of Argyleshire was allotted to po�ers of endurance. When asked, soon after joining the in character from any of great complexity, entirely different smvey, �y an officer who was slightly his junior, what were nted. Clough set with which he had been previously acquai tl�e offic1al hot:rs, he replied that he did not know, but that his habitual courage and about his new and dif-ficult taskwith h1s usual practice, was to work not less than thirteen hours a examined with determination. Every exposure of rock was clay HIs_ normal expression was one of kindliness and be­ her apparently im­ the greatest care and the facts, whet nevolence, but when anything savouring of injustice or dis­ far as possible, on his portant or not, were recorded, as regard for the truth came under his notice his whole being He never allowed any _ field-maps and in his note-books. :-"a� aro�sed and hts expressive eyes flashed with the fire of of facts. Finally theory to prejudice him in the observation tnchgnahon. In later years he became a vegetarian without researches in this the results of his laborious and painstaking a11Y loss of energy, and at one time his humanitarianism led -inch map and in his _ district were published on the one �11111 to try boots made of vegetable fibre, but these proved 7). memoir on the "Geology of Cowal " (189 1ncapable of standing the wear and tear of survey work, and and autumn he While this work was in progress in spring he was reluctantly compelled to give up their use. portions of the was employed during summer in surveying Wherever Clough went he won the respect of those with with his colleagues the north-west of Scotland, and shares whom he came in contact. On one occasion when the structure of that most _ credit of unravelling the complicated wnter of this notice was geologizing in an ouLof-the-way results which have interesting region, and of obtaining !�art �f the �heviot distt:i�t, he met a shepherd who obviously all parts of lhe world. _ attracted the attention of geologists in egardecl hun wtth suspiCIOn. On mentioning that Mr Clough by him appears in the His description of the areas surveyed who had worked in the district, was his friend, the shepherd of the North-West memoir on "The Geological Structure setzecl him warmly by the hand saying "I likes you all the many other areas in Highlands of Scotland." He surveyed ?etter f�r knowin' Mr Clough," and all reluctance to give memoirs, amongst the Highlands and contributed to several tnformatwn at once disappeared. Lochalsh which may be mentioned "The Geology of Glenelg, Although possessed of ample means Clough lived very "The Geology . and the South-Eastern part of Skye " (1910), Simply The hard fare of a shepherd's cottage had no gy of Ben Wyvis and the of Colonsay " (1911), "The Geolo terrors f ot. 1 11· 111 . H e was ever ready to listen to a tale of attaining the rank of . Surrounding Country " (1912). On suffenng f.I om tl1e poor a ne1 needy, to render assistance to in charge of the work District Geologist he was placed ll le deserv. ing' a ne] ' per· !laps, some ttmes· to the undeserving. Mull, and, later in the northern part of Argyleshire and in li is chanty was unostentatious. He followed the precept, coal-field. on, of the revision of the maps of the Lanarkshire Obituary. 125 124 Obituary. certain extent handicapped by having had less than the usual alms let not thy left hand know what thy "when thou doest school trai ning, personal experience, for he had already th." He was keenly interested in social . right hand doe travelled 1n the Alps, did much to · make up for this, and in not in politics, and longed for a time when problems, though 1873 he was sixth in the first class of the Natural Sciences of and poverty which disgrace our the extremes wealth Trip�s. He took up mining engineering as a profession, would cease to exist. civilisation worlong for some years under Messrs. Siemens at West­ the Geological Society of London awarded to In 1906 minster. He remained in England till 1885 when he went Murchison Medal, and in July of the present year him the to North America as an Engineer, joining tl1e Sprang Steel iversity of St Andrew's conferred upon him the degree the Un and Ir�n Company at Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, remaining an honour which he much appreciated. of LL.D. ; there bll 1�97, when he became General Manager of the sday, the 23rd August last, while examining _ On Wedne Lustre Muung Company, Santa Maria del Oro, Estada de exposures between Bo'ness and Manuel, he had rock Durango, Mexico, removing in l 904 to El Paso, Texas. cross the railway and, misjudging the speed of a occasion to Here he worked and prospered till the revolution broke out down and severely injured. He was train, was knocked in 1911, which, as he wrote to a friend, 'broke me ' At El Edinburgh Infirmary where taken as speedily as possible to Paso he had charge of a quicksilver mine at Terlinga, near ate both legs. He recovered it was found necessary to amput El Paso, where he began some interesting experiments on a time, it was thought that he from the shock, and, for the effects produced on rocks by temperatures which umonia followed and he died on the might live, but pne thou?h high, \�ere short of the melting point (1000 degree� He did not lose consciousness at the following Sunday Centigrade being the maximum of his furnaces) but which of the accident, and, as always, his first thought was for time could be continued for a long time. It is to be 1 hoped that those who were first on the scene that others. He assured he has left notes on the results, but though a Fellow of the Thus passed away one who wac; he alone was to blame. Geological and Chemical Societies in England, he contributed all who knew him. ' loved and respected by so far as we know, only to American periodicals. married Anna Mary, youngest daughter of In 1881 he Of the future of Mexico he was far from sanguine. "Ten ipowner, of Shields. He leaves a widow, Thomas Durham, sh �ears," as he wrote at the end of 1913, "will not see any a son, who has taken up land in British two daughters, and Improvement. You cannot make a self-governing nation out serving with the Canadian R.A.M.C. Columbia, and is now of a people whereof nearly ninety per cent. are unable to read or write and ninety per cent. are illegitimate-ignorant as hogs and as moral as rabbits " 1�hough �och had not seen England for fully 30 years, . WALTER EDWARD KocH, M.A. h�s mterest 111 Cambridge and St John's never flagged. With lus last letter to his former tutor came two specimens of who died at El Paso, Texas, on Waiter Edward Koch, mercury minerals for the University Museum, and he made at Brixton, Surrey, 19 March 1848, 25 May 1916, was born frequent references to old times. One of the se is worth John Edward Campbell Koch, was where his father, Mr quoting, as proving his love for science. Mentioning a for two years and a half (February then residing. He was geological friend, also a J olJJJian, he wrote '' He has got to sum mer 65) at Marlborough College, and then 1863 to Mid 18 the top of the tree, and yet I feel I would rather be as I am Professor G. Adams at King's College, . ' worked under W smce I have travelled and seen things instead of hearing where he Chemistry and Physics, besides London, studied and reading about them. I certainly have enjoyed my life some knowledge of Geology and Mineralogy In getting thoroughly, and still do. I pity men who are not in touch October 1870 he began residence at St John's ; though to a 126 Obitumy. with some department of nature. I try to keep touch with took up all of them my latest being land shells, which I only d about ten ;ears ago" ; adding that he had already discovere Day more than one new species. In a letter elated Easter 1915 (the last received by the above-named friend), he illness described himself as recovering from a six months' clue to ptomaine poisoning, which had been all but fatal. He was then recovering, and expressed his opinion of OUR CHRONICLE. Hohenzollerns and Hapsburgs with all his wonted vigour but so severe an attack may have shortened his life. Michaelmas Term, 1916.

WAR HoNouRs.

Awards of the M ililary Cross for Distinguished Service in the Field.

Beard, Artbur John, Lieut Essex Rgt. He went out twice under heavy shell-fire to find out how • things were going in the captured position. Finding that the bomb supply was running short he led up parties with fresh supplies. His prompt action saved the situation. Lieut Beard entered the College in 1912 from Felsted School.

Broclc, Eric Gem·ge, 2nd Lieut Liverpool Rgt. For conspicuous gallantry during operations. When pa­ trolling he found a company without senior officers, and at once took command, organised the defences, and, though cut off for two clays, finally managed to join up on both flanks. 2nd Lieut Broclc (B.A. 1914), formerly Scholar of the College, entered in 1911 from Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby Davy, Clifton Lionel, 2nd Lieut Machine Gun Corps. When wounded by shrapnel lire in the shoulder, he went to a dressing station, where a large number of splinters were removed, and then returned at once to his command. He suhsequenlly did fine work. 2nd Lieut Davy e11tered lhe College in 1914. Hunter, John Bowman, Captain, R.A.M.C. For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during operations. He tended the wottnclecl under heavy shell-fire When the battalion had suffered heavy casualties. By his fine example he i11spirecl vl.R.C.s. and L.R.C.P (London). 128 Our Chronicle. Our Chronicle. 129

Le Maitre Alfred Sutherland, 2nd Lieut The Black Watch. MENTIONED IN DESPATCHES. ; raid. His party For co 1spicuous gallantry when leading a Mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig's Despatch of 30 April r916. was observed and f-ired on while forcing a torpedo through the enemy wire, but he pushed the torpedo home, was first Barrett, H. S., Lieut. , Liverpool Regiment. the e 1emy Cassels, W G., Captain, Border Regiment. into the enemy trench, and accounted for two of. � who offered resistance. Finally, while returmng wtth a Since killed in action. prisoner, he was badly wounded. Cuff, A. W., Major, RA. M.C. 2nd Lieut Le Maitre, of Fetles College, was elected a Frederick, T., Captain, N 01·folk Regiment. Scholar of the College in December, 1914. Knox, R U. E., D.S.O., Lieut., Suffolk Regiment. Ritchie, G. L., Captain, Royal Scots Fusiliers. Mulholland, William, 2nd Lieut Manchester Rgt. Wooler, H. S., 2nd Lieut., West Yorkshire Regiment. For conspicuous gallantry and good leadership throughout Died of wounds 4 April 1916. five clays of operations, during which he was twice woun�ed. 2nd Lieut Mulholland (B.A. 1913), was educated at Chnst's Mentioned ill Sir C. Mo11ro's Despatch of I2 lt�ly I9I6. Hospital and Sedbergh School; he was a Lupton and Heb­ belthwaite Exhibitioner of the College. Shore, L. R, Captain, R.A.M.C. Taylor, G. M. C., Lieut., RE. Newbery, Edward Victor, 2nd Lieut RG.A. The Order of St Sava of Servia was, in May last, con­ He laid a wire across the open under heavy shell-fire, and ferred on Captain W W. C. Topley (B.A. 1907), of the sent back valuable information. On two occasions he observed RA. M.C. and ranged his battery for several hours under beavy shell­ fire. On the second occasion his O. P was shot away. As a memorial of the late Bishop James Moorhouse (B.A. 2nd Lieut Newbery, of Tonbridge School, was elected an 1853), Honorary Fellow of the College, a new episcopal Exhibitioner of the College in December, 1914. throne has been erected in Manchester Cathedral. At a special dedication service, on the afternoon of July 20, this Okell, Charles Cyril, Lieut Field Ambulance, RA.M.C . ... was offered by Canon T G. Bonney, on behalf of the sub­ For gallant conduct in frequently leading a bearer dtvision scribers, as a gift to the Cathedral, and was duly accepted over shell-swept ground. His bravery and good example by the Dean (Bishop Welldon), who afterwards conducted greatly assisted in the removal of all our wouncl d. � the present Bishop from his place within the Sacrarium to Lieut Okell (B.A. 1911) enlered the College 111 1908 from his new seat. The throne consists of a double canopied The Grammar School, Douglas, Isle of Man. stall, crowned by a lofty and richly-carved spire, so that Torry, Arthur James Dashwood, 2nd Lt RA. Spec. Reserve. when the oak lms been darkened by time it will harmonise He established and maintained communication under very excellently with the unusually f-ine ancient woodwork of the heavy fire, displaying great courage and determination. choir stalls. 2nd Lieut Torry (B.A. 1908) is a son of the Rev A. F The July number of "The Geological Magazine" contains, Torry, formerly Fellow and Senior Dean of the College, and in its series of 'Eminent Living Geologists ', a biography of nephew of J H. D. Goldie, the famous oarsman; he was Dr J E. Marr (B.A. 1879), with a list of his scientific pub­ educated at Bradford Grammar School. lications, numbering about seven books and eighty-five papers (some of them written in association with others). It is Rgt Wickham, BernardWilliam Theodore, 2nd Lieut S. Staffs accompanied by an excellent porlrait o£ Dr Marr When his platoon had been wiring all night in "No Man's Land," the enemy made a bombing attack. Though Lhe On the 10th of June last it was announced Lhat The parly was forced to fall back slightly for want of bombs, he School of Oriental Studies had been incorporaled by Royal held his ground with two men for more than an hour, until Charter Professor E. J Rapson (B.A. 1884) is appointed reinforcements arrived. He was wounded, but stuck to his by the Crown as a member of the governing body "with command till the enemy's altacks were driven off. special regard to the representation on Lhe governing body 2nd Lieut Wickham entered the College in 1913 from of Universities, other than the University of London, in the Christ's Hospilal; he is an Exhibitioner of the College. U niled Kingdom." VOL. XXXVIII. J{ 130 Onr Chrouicle. Our Chrouicl�. 131

In August last it was announced that Mr E. W Garrett short cut through the bush' enabling the British Forces (B.A. 1873) had been appointed Magistrate at Bow Street to surprise the enemy. Police Court. Mr G:trrelt was appointed a Metropolitan Mr M. J Antia (B.A. 1912) has been Lecturer Police Magistrate in 1899, sitting at the West London Police appointed at the Syclenham College of Commerce Economics, Court ; since 1 Sl14 he has been doing duty at Marylebone. and Bombay. Mr T E. Page (B.A. 1873), in June last nominated by was The following members of the College were called to the the Godalming Corporation to be their representative on the � Bar on 7 November 1916: at the Inner Temple, W A. Surrey County Council. Curzon-S1ggers (B.A. 1915), McMahon Law Student of the College ; at Gray's Inn, Mr R. A. Sampson (B.A. 1888), Astronomer Royal for L. M. D. De Sil va (B. A. 1914). Scotland, and formerly Fellow of the College, has been On the 19th July last the degree of D.Sc., for Botany, was elected an honorary member of the Optical Society. conferred on Mr Franklin Kidcl (B.A. 1912), Fellow of the College, by the University of London. At the meeting o£ the British Association, held at New­ castle in September last, Professor E. W MacBride (B.A. The final list for the Indian Civil Service, based on the 1891), formerly Fellow of the College, was President of the combined results of the Open Competition for 1915 (see Zoological Section. Eagle, xxxvii., p. 156) and the Final Examination for 1916 The Seatonian Prize for 1916 has been awarded to the was issued on October 9th. The members of St John's have Rev Telford Varley (B.A. 1897), Headmaster of Peter been ·placed as follows :-8th, A. G. Patton (B.A. 1915) , Symoncls' School, Winchester 9th, E. Weston (B.A. 1914); lOth, B. K. Parry (B.A. 1914). Mr Patton has been assigned to Bengal and Assam, Mr Dr E. W G. Masterm;m (matriculated 1898), F.R.C.S., Weston to Bombay, and Mr P:1rry to Upper Bengal. The D.P.H., has been appointed Medical Superintendent (for the Cama (College) Prize is awarded to Mr Patton. duration of war) of St Giles' Infirmary, Camberwell. At the Annual General Meeting of the Cambridge Philo­ On the 27th July last it was announced that the Earl of sophical Society, held on October 30, the following members Derby, Under Secretary of State for War and Vice-President of the College were elected Of-ficers of the Society for the of the Army Council, had appointed Mr W H. T. Ottley ensuing year : President, Dr J. E. Marr (B.A. 1879) ; one of B.A. 1911 to be one of his Private Secretaries. the Secretaries, Mr H. H. Brinclley (B.A. 1887) ; Members of the Council, Dr J A. Crowther (B. A. 1905), Dr T J I'A. Mr W A. D. Ruclge (B.A 1899) has been appointed a Bromwich (B.A. 1895), and Mr J E Pm·vis (B.A. 1893). Science Master at Rugby School. At the Annual General Meeting of the London Mathe­ Mr E. J G. Titterington (B.A 1906), of the Local Govern­ matical Society, held on November 2, the following members ment Board, was in June last appointed British Vice-Consul of the College were elected officers of the Society for the at Vardo, Norway Mr Titterington passed into H.M. Civil ensuing year: Vice-Presidents, Sir J Larmor (B.A. 1880), Service after the Examination of 1907 Major P A. MacMahon (Sc.D. 1904); Secretaries, DrT J I' A. Bromwich (B.A. 1895), and Mr G. T Bennett (B.A. 1890) ; The Geclge (University) Prize for 1916 has been awarded Members of the Council, Dr W Burnside (B.A. 1875) and to M r Franklin Kicld (B. A. 1912), Fellow of the College, for Professor A. E. H. Love (B.A. 1885). his Essay entitled "The importance of the carbon dioxide content of ti;;sues as a controlling influence in metabolism." The Rev P Clementi Smith (B.A. 1871), Rector of St Andrew by the Wardrobe, has been appointed Chaplain to J H. Kirk (B.A. 1912) is now an Assistant District Officer the Lord Mayor of London (Colonel Sir W. Dunn). in the Colonial Service. At the beginning of the war he volunteered for service in Nigeria and was wounded in the The Rev Gustavus J Jones (B.A. 1871), Rector of Crayford, Cameroons. He was mentioned in despatches as having Kent, has been appointed an Honorary Canon of Rochester done most valuable service in finding and mapping out a Cathedral. 132 Our Chrollicl�. 0 ur Chronicle. 133

Hill, The Rev E. Brewer (B.A. 1872), Vicar of Old The Rev. C. H. Coe (B.A. 1893), Rector of Offham, \�est Staffordshire, has been appointed an Honorary Canon of Malling, has been appointed Chaplain to the Mailing Umon. Worcester Cathedral. The Archbishop of York has appointed two members of Chaplain to the The Rev. S. H. Hall (B.A. 1873), T.D., the College to Prebenclal Stalls in York Minster (three Stalls Church of Forces, has been appointed to officiate to the were vacant), namely, the Rev. Stephen Adye Scott Ram Lofthouse England Troops of the Royal Defence Corps, (B.A. 1886), Vicar of St Mary's, Lowgate, Hull, and the Park, Internment Camp. Rev. Arthur Creyke England (B. A. 1 894), Vicar of St Mary's, Sculcoates. Of them the Archbishop writes "Mr Ram has The Rev J G. Easton (B.A. 1876), Rector of Murston, been for seventeen years one of the most active and respected has been appointed Rural Dean of Sittingbourne. of the clergy in Hull ; he is Clerk of the Chapter, and a scholar who has tried to keep alive among his brethren in a from The Rev G. H. Marwood (B.A. 1877) has accepted busy city the traditions of sacred leaming. Mr England has Devon, the trustees the Jiving of St Paul's, East Stonehouse, aboured for eighteen years as a most faithful and C11ergelic Bond. Mr vacant through the retirement of the Rev A. E. parish priest among the people of Sculcoates ; he has taken �avy, Marwood was for some years a chaplain in the Royal a leading place in the life of the Church, and as Guardian of and on retiring from the Service in 1909 became chaplam for the Poor in the cily of Hull ; and he worked devotedly as the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel at Fr�I�kfort­ Secretary of the Hull Churcl1 Extension Fund." on-Main, and subsequently was appoin�ed to the hvmg of Bardsey, near Leeds, which he lately resigned. The Rev. S. G. Teakle (B.A. 1902), Chaplain of St Mark's College, Chelsea, has been appointed English Chaplain at The Rev A. R. Wiseman (B.A. 1878), Rector of Seale, Tientsin, North China. near Farnbam, has been appointed Rural Deal of Farnham. The Council of St Aiclan's College have appointed the The Rev Frederic Cbapman (matriculated 1882), Head­ Rev Edward Chisholm Dewick (B.A. 1906) to the Principal­ master of The King's (Junior) School, Rochester, has been ship of the College, vacant by lhe preferment of the Rev appointed Vicar of Babraham, Cambridgeshire. F S. Guy Warman, D.D., to the Vicarage of Bradford. Mr De wick gained the J eremie Sepluagint Prize in 1907 and the Htdsean Prize in 1908. He was curate of St Peter's, Nor­ In August last the Arch bishop of Canterbt�ry appointed _ , the Rev. J. P Haythornthwaite (B.A. 1884), VIcar of Kmg s biton, from 1908 to 1911 He became Tutor and Dean of Langley, Herts. Mr Haythornthwaite was Principal of St St Aiclan's in 1911 and Vice-Principal in 1915. He was John's College, Agra, from 1900 to 1911. L lterly he has appointed teacher in Ecclesiastical History in Liverpool . � _ been Organising Secretary of the Church Miss10nary Society University in 1911 He is the author of'' Primitive Christian for the dioceses of London and Southwark Eschatology", published in 1912, and a contributor to Hastings' Dictionary of the Apostolic Church. He has The Rev. J A. Pattinson (B.A. 1884) has been appointed recently issued a volume of sermons, preached in St Aidan's Headmaster of the King's School, Parramatta, New South College Chapel, under the title "Christ's Message in Times Wales. of Crisis" The Rev. F B. Cheetham (B.A. 1912) has been appointed The Rev Dr H. H. B. Ayles (B.A. 1885), Rector of Tutor of St Aiclan's College, Birkenheacl. Mr Cheetham is Barrow, Bury St Edmund's, has been appointed an Honorary a former Scholar and Nac!en Divinity Student of the College; Canon of St Edmundsbury Cathedral. he was Browne M eclallist and Crosse and J eremie Prizeman, being also a Worclsworth Student. The Rev L. H Nicholl (B.A. 1887), formerly Chaplain at P:1u, has been appointed Rector of Bredenbury-with-Wacton. The Burleigh Sermons for 1916 have been preached at Hatfield, by lhe Rev P. Clemenli Smith (B. A. 1871), Rector The Rev. F. W Carnegy (B.A. 1892), Rector of Ledbury, of St Andrew's by the Wardrobe ; at Stamforcl, by the Rev. has been appointed Rural Dean of Leclbury. M. E. Atlay (B.A. 1903), Vicar of St Matthew's, Westminster K2 134 Om' Chronicle. Our Chronicle. 135

Geo111elrical The following ecclesiastical appointments are announced: a11d· Paspective, with architectural exam pies, by W Arthur Rudd, M. A., Assistant Master at Abingdon School Na111e Degree From To be and another (The University Press) ; The Apologetics of Ter­ (1894) R. Great Saxham V Monk Fryston Floyd, C. W C. Lulltau, by the late Professor J Robbs, A. (1882) V. \Vereham w V Thriplow,Royston E. B. Mayor, edited by Wretton Professor A. Souter (The University Press), The Woudcrfnl Whewell, H. (1909) C. H. Trinity, Pres- R. St Philip's, Man- Year by W J Locke (John Lane); T!te Ma11ujacture of His­ tolee chester torical Material, an elementary study on the Sources of Hislory, Alien, F W ( 903) V Claverdon R. Gt Harborough 1 by J W Jeuclwine (Williams and Norgate); Firmstone, H. L. (1888) C. St. Andrew's, V Cauldon, Ash- Lcabltar Gab­ \Vest Bromwich bourne ltala. Tltc Book of Conquests i11 Irclaud. The Recensio11 of Sherwen, \V S. (1895) V St Luke's, Cleck- P C. Thwaites, Michatl O' Cleirigh. Part I, edited by R. A. Stewart Mac­ _ heaton Millom altster, Professor of Celtic Archreology, University College, Molesworth, E. H. (1882) R. Clapham, Worth- V Bures, Suffolk Dublin, and ing another (Hoclges, Figgis) ; Sa111ucl B1ttler Author 1\fitchell, J. H. (1887) C. St Luke's, Ilford V St Luke's, Ilford of E1'ewlwu, by John F Harris (Grant Richarcls) ; The Gatheri11g Alien, A. D. (1908) C. St Mich ael, Sutton P.C. of the same of tlte Clatts How the British Dominiolls and Dcpwdeucics have in Ashfield helped iu the War, by J Sax on Mills (Unwins). Roseveare,W H. (1901) C. St Anne's,Wands- V East Haddon wurth Wood, R. S. C. H. (1900) V St John's,Leices- V Dalby on the ter Wolds UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS, June 1916. Roseveare, R. P (1888) R. St Paul's, Deptford V Lewisham Tapper, H. M. St L. (1894) V Romsey Abbey V St Martin's, Scar- borough MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS , Part I. Knight, H. E. (1894) R. Thruxton V Holmer w Hun- Class 1. Class 3. tingdon Franklin, H. \V Littleboy, G. Hennessy T H. (18�8) V Bat'lon R. Abington, North- Hartrce, D. R. Mahindra, K. C. ampton Ncwman, M. H. A. Prosad, K. Hili,W N. (1902) C. Danby in Cleve- R. Rcighton,Brid- land lington MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS, Part ll. Ashton, W H. St Andrew's, R. St John, Brough- (1894) V Wraugler Scuior Optime Burnley ton, Manchester Stoneley, R. Morris, P E.

The following Members of the College were ordained on CLASSICAL TRIPOS1 Part I. Trinity Sunday, 18 June, 1916 : Class 2, Division 2. DEACONS. Thomas, R. B. H.

Degree Diocese Name Parish NATURAL SCIENCES TRIPOS, Part I. Sanget·, J. (1891) Rochester High am Goodrich, H. S. (1915) Sheffield Ardsley, Barnsley Class 1. Class 2. Yeo, J. H. (1915) Southwark Lady Margaret,vValworlh Beckley, V. A. Wong, M. Holtlum, R E. PRIESTS. Keeley, T C. Degree Diocese Name NATURAL SCIENCES TRIPOS, Part ll. Johnson, V Y (1913) Winchester Williams, R. L. (1913) Bath and Wells Class 2. Pass, H. L. (1898) Chichester Phillips, H. Vv L. (C!IC1Jtistry) Wooler C. U (1908) Southwark Tromp, F J. , Coleman, N. D. (1913) South well LAW TRIPOS, Part 1. MECHANICAL SCIENCES TRIPOS. Class 3. Class 2. The following books by members of the College are Brownson, G. S. Brookes, R. C. announced : Selections frolll the Poe111s of Sa111ttel Taylor Coleridge, edited by A. Hamilton Thompson (The University MEDIEVAL AND MODERN LANGUAGES TRIPOS. Press) ; Combinatory Aualysis, Vol. Il., by Major Percy ·A. Class 1. Class 2. MacMahon, Sc.D. (The University Press); Model Drawing, Lewis, J M. Gasper, P. A. 136 0 ur Chrollicle. Our Clirouiclc. 137

COLLEGE AWARDS AT THE ANNUAL ELECTION, June 1916 HOARI' EXII!BITION. (jar llftJ/Iie111atics) COLLEGE PRIZES. N l awarded

MATHEMATICS. TAYLOR RESEARCH STUDENTSH!P. MACMAHON LAW STUDENTSHIP. First Yem·, Tripos Part I. Ds Stoneley, R. Ds Curzon-Siggers, W A.

Franklin, H. W NADEN DIVINITY STUDENTSHIP. HUTCHINSON RESEARCH STUDENTSHIP. Hartree, D. R Not awarded Newman, M. H. A. Ds Bennelt, G. M. SLATER RESEARCH STUDENTSHIP. NATURAL SCIENCES. Ds Palmer, \V G. Third Year Secoud Year Tripos Part I Tripos Part I OPEN SCHOLARSHIPS AND EXHIBITIONS, December 1915 Beckley, V A. Holttum, R. E. Scholarships of £8o Keeley, T C. (for Mathematics) Wragg, N. (Bournemouth School) First Class (College) (for Cl11ssics) Arnold, E. S. (Tonbridge School) Barbash, H. (for Natural Scieuce) Buckingham, R. (Berkhamsted School) MEDIEVAL AND MODERN LANGUAGES. Scholars!nps of £6o Second Year Third Year (for Matlumafics) Burn, E. W (Royal Grammar School, New­ Tripos First Class (College) castle-on-Tyne) Lewis, J. M. Gasper, P. A. (for Natural Science) Philbin, J. (Newcastle High School) (for Natural Scieuce) Shaw, W (King Edward VI School, Bir­ SPECIAL PRIZES. mingham) (for Hebrew) Moll, C. E. (Merchant Taylors' School) HEBREW PRIZE. READING PHIZES. ESSAY PHIZES. Not awarded 1 Ds Patton, A. G. Third Year Scholanhips of £40 2 Prilchard, R. M. Ds Brian, F. R. H. ( for Mathematics) Bird, C. K. (King's School, Grantham) First Year lfor Ma/liemalrcs aud Na/1tral Scieuce) Watkins, A. E. (Latymer Upper School) Davis, V S. E. (for Classics) Kitlo, H. D. F (Crypt Grammar School, Glou- HOCKIN PRIZE. NEWCOME PRIZE. CAMA PRIZE. ceskr) (for Classics) Acleney, N. F (Monkton Combe School) (for Physics) (for Moral Philosophy) Ds Shivdasani, H. B. (for History) Smellie, K. B. S. (Latymer Upper School) Keeley, T C. Not awarded (for Modem Languages) Johnson, C. F (Felsled School) HAWKSLEY BURBURY HUGHES PRIZES. ADAMS MEMORIAL PRIZE. PRIZE. Kthibitiotzs of £30 Not awarded Lees, G. T (for Greek Verse) (for Natural Scieuce) Bateson, J (Charterhouse) Thomas, R. B. H. (for Classics) Gallimore, A. S. (Aidenham) WRIGHT's PRIZES. Mallze111a/ics Natural Scieuces CLOSE AND OPEN EXHIBITIONS, June 1916. Newman, �f. H. A. Holttum, R. E. Opm Kthibitio11s of £40 Keeley, T C. (for Malhenzalics) Bhansali, M. D. (Dulwich College) Modem Lauguages (for Classics) Tracey, C. B. (Monk:ton Combe School) Lewis, J. M. Open Exlzibilio11s of £35 ELECTED TO FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS. (fo1· lllalhemalics) Combridge, J. T. (Brighton College) Natural Sciences Medieval and Modem Lant,uagcs (for IIJalilema/ics a11d Barbash, H. Lewis, J. M. Physics) Dalzell, D. P. (Royal Masonic School, Bushey)

ELECTED TO EXHIBITIONS. To Downum Scholarships Natural Sciences Medieval aud Modem Languag�s (for Naltwal Science) Dunn, J. S. (Sir Waiter St John's School, Beckley, V A. Gasper, P A. Hallersea) The emoluments of M. H. A. Newman and R. E. Holttum have (for Natural Scicuce) Hemus,C.H. (Royal Grammar Schooi,Worcester) been increased. (for Classics) Macklin, D. H. (University College, London) 138 Our Chronicle.

To Close E.-rhibitions : Brooke, S. Somerset (Manchester Grammar School) Haseler D. B. Somerset (Hereford Cathedral School) Langlon, F E. P Baker (Durham School)

COLLEGE ENGLISH ESSAY PRIZES, 1916.

The Prize for Students of the Second Year is awarded to P A. Gasper OUR WAR LIST

No Essays were received from Students of the Third or We again print a list of all members of lhe College who are known First Years. to be serving in the war It is no doubt incomplete, though much time For the subjects of the Essays see Vol. xxxvii., p. 393. has been spent in its compilation. The Editors will be very grateful to members of the College and their friends for help in making the record more complete ; it is of interest at the present time and will be of permanent value hereafter. THE CoLLEGE MrssroN Additions and corrections, as full and precise as possible, should be President-The Master. Vicc-Presideuts-The President, 1\'!r Graves, sent to the Master Sir J. E. Sandys, Mr Cox. lifissiouers-Rev. R. B. Le B. Janvrin, Rev. J H. Yeo. Gweral Commillee-Mr Cunningham, The Dean, Mr Hart, Mr Kidcl, Mr Palmer, Mr Previte-Orlon (Scuior Treas. aud Acliug Swior An asterisk before a name signifiesthat the officerhas been wounded. Sec.), Mr B. T D. Smith, Dr Tanner, Mr Ward, Mr Yule, C. Adamson, F C. Bartlett, E. W Burn, T B. Cocker H. A. Crowther, J. W vV. Glyn, Acton, H., 2nd Lieut. S. Staffs. Rgt G. W K. Grange (hm. Sec.), \V M. H. Greaves (Jun. Treas.), H. D. F Adams, J. B. P., Lieut. Welsh Fusiliers Kilto, L. Lawn, E. Peacock, W Shaw, J V Sparks, A. D. Whitelaw. Adams, Rev. H. J. Chaplain to the Forces Adler H. M., 2nd Lieut. A.S.C. The annual meeting of the Governing Body was held on * Alldred, R A., 2nd Lieut. Loyal N. Lancs. Rgt November 27th, when it was necessary to elect an entirely Alexander, Rev. R. C. Chaplain H.M.S. l11dus. new body of Junior Members to the General Committee, all Alien, F., 2nd Lieut. Indian Army Reserve last year's members having gone down. The Senior Missioner *Alien, G. A., 2nd Lieut. Essex Rgt Allott, P B., Capt. Northants. Rgt kindly came up to be present, and gave an interesting Anderson, L. R. D., 2nd Lieut. R.F.A. account of the work in Walworth, emphasizing the success • Andrews, J A., Capt. R.A.M.C., attached Grenadier Guards of the Provident Society, which has during 1915-16 brought Anlhony, A. L., Capt. RA.M.C. the Mission into touch with parishioners in an unexam pled Appleton, E. V., Lieut. R.E. Armitage, B. F., Lieut. (T.) Univ. Lond. Field Amb. Med. Corps way He also described the arrangement by which the Arnold, J C., Captain Tyneside (Irish) Northumberland Fus. house No. 100, Walworth Road, where the Boys' Home was Arnolt, E. W., Capt. Welsh Brigade R.F.A. established, has been partially sub-let for the manufacture of Ashby, Rev. N., Lce.-Corporal R.A.M.C. munitions, now that the Home has been closed. By this Ashburner, W., Capt. Gloucester Rgt Askey, S. G., Capt. Stationary Hospital, Mediterranean E.F means it is hoped that the rent of the house will be paid Atkinson, G., Lieut. Durham Light Infantry without drawing on the Mission funds, and that a small sum *Atkinson, H. N., Lieut., D.S.O. Cheshire Hgt over will accumulate to be available for use later Atllee, Dr W H. \V., Capt. R.A.M.C. *Averill, T H., 2nd Lieut. N. Staffs. Rgt

Baily, G. G., Captain Sherwood Foresters Baker W M., Lieut. RA.l\i.C. Bannerman, Rev. vV E. Chaplain to lhe Forces Barbour, G. B. 1st British Reel Cross Unit Barlow, P S., Capl. I

Douglas, S. M., Cadet Officers Cadet Bn. Gilling, H. T., Lieut.-Col. (T.) Welsh Brigade, R.F.A. Drysdale, J. H., M.D., Major R.A.M.C., 1st City of London Hospital Gillson, A. H. S. Naval Instructor R.N. Duffield, H. W., Lieut. Duke of Cornwall's L.T. and R.F.C. Gledhill, W G., Capt. Norfolk Rgt *Dumas, A. B., Lieut. Royal Warwickshire Rgt Glyn, C. R, 2nd L1<.:ut. Indian Cavalry ' Hodson's Horse *Dundas, A. C., Capt. Middlesex Hgt., Seconded for Gobbitt, RH. S., Asst.-Paymaster R.N.R. duty with General Staff, Brde. Major Gold! E., Major, D.S.O. Meteorological Service, G.H.Q. Dunkerley, C. L., Lieut. Queen's Own R. W Kent Rgt Gold1e, A. H. R., L1eut. RE. Meteorological Field Service *Dunlop, J. K., Major Machine Gun Company Goolden, H. J., Rifleman King's Royal Hifles Dulton, H., 2nd Lieut. N. Staffs. Rgt., Machine Gun Section Goyder F W., Capt. St John's Ambulance Grabham, G. W., Lieut. A.S.C. Motor Transport Section Grayson, J. R, 2nd Lieut. Earle, G. F., 2nd Lieut. A.S.C. R. F.A. *Grear, E. J. L., 2nd Lieut. Earp, J R. Jordan's Field Ambulance Section Middlesex Regt Easton, J. \V., 2nd Lieut. R.G.A. *Green, N., Lieut. Sherwood Foresters Green, S. M., Lieut. Eberli, W F Surgeon Probationer, R. N. Medical Ser. County of London Regt Greenlees, Edwardes, F E., 2nd Lieut. Unattached list T.F for service with the J R. C., Capt., D.S.O. R.A.M.C. Harrow School Contingent O.T.C. Greenstreet, N. B. le M., Norfolk Rgt Edwards, A. Tudor, Lieut. R.A.M.C. 2nd Lieut. Edwards, H. F E., 2nd Lieut. Duke of Cornwall's L.l. Gregory, A. R, 2nd Lieut. Border Hgt Gregory, H. L., Capt. Edwards, Rev. N. W A. Chaplain to the Forces R.A.M.C., attached Middlesex Rgt Gregory, R. (Tutor), Capt. Engledow, F L., Lieut. Queen's Own Royal W Kent Rgt P Instructor at the School for Officers, English, F H., 2nd Lieut. O.T.C. Cambridge Entwistle, F., 2nd Lieut. Norfolk Regt *Grice, N., Lieut. West Yorks Evans, E. D., 2nd Lieut. Middlesex Rgt Grigg, P J., 2nd Lieut. R.G.A., Special Reserve Evans R. D., 2nd Lieut. K.R.R.C. Guest-Williams, W K., Staff Lt. Indian Army Gwynne, H. Ll., 2nd Lieut. Priso11�r of War North Staffs Rgt Evans, W. E., 2nd Lieut. Welsh Rgt Evans, W Emrys, 2nd Lieut. R.G.A. Anti Aircraft Section Hagger, N. W., 2nd Lieut. Royal Sussex Rgt, attached E. Surrey Rgt Haigh, P B., 2nd Lieut. Poona Volunteer Rifles Fairbank, J., Pte. Yorkshire Rgt. Hall, Rev. S. Howard, H.Q.S., W.R.I. Brigade Fawkes, Rev. W H. Chaplain to the Forces Chaplain, 1st Class Fayerman, A. P G., Major Royal Warwick Rgt Halsey, R. T., Lieut. Cheshire Rgt *Fergusson, A., Major Middlesex Rgt Hanson, J., 2nd Lieut. Colclstream Guards Fergusson, J. N. F., M.B., Capt. R.A.M.C. Harding, Hev. W H. Chaplain to the Forces Fergusson, L. R., Lieut. R.F.A. Hardman, W H., Lieut., M.C. N. Midland Field Co., R.E. Filmcr, W G. H., Lieut. The Buffs, attd. E. Surrey Hgt I-Jarnett, W L., Captain Indian Medical Service Fisher, F B., 2nd Lieut. Gurkha Rifles Haslam, V K., 2nd Lieut. R.G.A. *Fison, A. K., Lieut. The Essex Rgt *Hayes, J. H., Captain Rifle Brigade, Of-ficer of a Cadet Bn. Fleet, H.ev. C. S. Chaplain to the Forces Hayward, A. W., Capt. R.A.M.C., 2nd East Anglian, Field Amb. Foden, W W., Gunner R.G.A. Hazlerigg, G., 2nd Lieut. Sherwood Foresters (Notts. and Forbes, A., Col., D.S.O. Army Ordnance Dept. Derby Rgt) *Foster, R. D., Lieut. Lines Rgt Hearn, R. C., Lieut. London Rgt, Mac. Gun Corps Fox, T S. W., Capt. Oxford and Bucks. L.l. 1-Jellings, G. S., 2nd Lieut. Duke of Cornwall's L.I. Franklin, C. S. P Naval Instructor, H.M.S. Cor11wall Henderson, P., 2nd Lieut. R.E. Fra11klin, J H., Lieut. R.N.V. R., H.l\I.S. E111peror of i11rlia Henry, V.l D. M., Captain A.S.C. Franklin, T B., Captain Felles College O.T.C. Hewitt, J T., Major R.E. Franklin, H. \V., Pte. R.N.A..S. Hibberd, A. S., Lieut. Dorsetshire Rgt Frean, H. G., Lieut. R.A.M.C. Hicks, f�ev. F W Chaplain R.N. *Freclerick, T., Capt., M.C. Norfolk Rgt Higginlon, J. M., Dresser R.A.M.C. Higgs, S. L., Dresser R.A.M.C., British Red Cross *Gait, R. B., 2nd Lieut. King's Liverpool Hgt :Highlield-Jones, P H., Lieut. Staffordshire Rgt Gardner, J M. S., 2nd Lieut. Indian Army H1gson, L. A., Lieut. Middlesex Rgt Gardiner, K. J. R., Capt. RE. Hilary, R. J., 2nd Lieut. East Kent Hgt Garner, H. M., Pte. H.A.C. Hill, J R., Corporal R.E. Chemical Corps. Garrelt, H. L. 0., 2nd Lieut. Punjab Volunteer Rifles Hillier T. L., Surg. Probationer R.N.V.R. Garrood, J R., M.D., Capt. R.A.M.C. M.O. to Hunts Cyclist Bn. Hitching, W W., 2nd Lieut. RG.A. Gaussen, J. M., Lieut. Royal Warwick Rgt Hobbs, V W Y., Cadet Officers Cadet Bn. George, J T., Lieut. Monmouth Rgt Hogan, R. V J. S., 2nd Lieut. East Lancs. Rgt Gill, C. G. H., Lieut. RE., Monmouth Bolclt:n, H F., Lieut. Staff. Rgt Gillespie, J. J., Lieut.-Col. Northumberland Fusiliers Holden, J. R., Captain U. and P S. Bn., Royal Fusiliers 144 01w War List. Our War List. 145

Holtzapffel, J G. H., Captain London Rgt *Le Maitre, A. S., 2nd Lieut.llf.C. Black Watch Honeybourne, H. C., Capt. & Ajt. London Rgt Leonard, P. J., Corporal A.S.C., Divisional Train Honeybourne, V C., Major R.A.M.C., Commdg. Field Ambulance Lewis, J. M., 2nd Lieut. R.G.A. Hook, C. W T., 2nd Lieut. The Buffs *Lewis, P. J., Captain Herefordshire Rgt Horlington, F., 2nd Lieut. On Stafi, A.D.C. Divisional Artillery Lincoln, N., 2nd Lieut. Indian Army, Res. of Officers, attached Horton-Smith, L. G. H., Pte. London Scottish to Mahrattas, Persian Gulf Horlon-Smilh-Hartley, P., M.D., Lindsell, J., Lieut. Loyal North Lancs. C.V.O., Major R.A.M.C., 1st London General Hospital Linnell, J. W., Capt. R.A.M.C. Horlon-Smith-Hartley, P. H. G., *Lloyd, E. Ll., Capt. South Wales Borderers Lieut. Coldstream Guards Lloyd-Jones, P.A., Major, D.S.O. R.A.M.C.; D.A. Director Howe, G. A., Capt. Salford Bn. Lancs. Fus. Long, A. E., Private T.R.B. How, Rev. J. C. H. Chapbin to the Forces Lumb, W., Lieut. A.S.C. Hughes, J. L., 2nd Lieut. Welsh Rgl Lund, G. S., 2nd Lieut. (T.) Manchester Rgt Hunter, J. B., Captain, M.C. RA.M.C. Lymbery, A. W., Ple. Canadian Expeditionary Force Hurry, A. G., 2nd Lieut. Gloucester Rgt Hutchinson, R. W., Cadet Officers Cadet Bn. Button, P G., 2nd Lieut. London Hgt Mason, P., 2nd Lieut. K.R.R.C. Hyde, R. W., Capt. Lincs. Rgt McCormick, G. D., Major Punjabis, Indian Army, attached to Hampshire Rgt McCormick, Rev. W P G. Motor Supply Columl'l lnchley, 0., M.D., Lieut. R.A.M.C. 1st Eastern General Hospital G.H.Q. Chaplain Ingram, A. C., Major Indian Medical Service Macdonald, S. G. R.A.M.C. Iremonger, E. V., Pte. Royal Fusiliers McCulloch, W., Lieut. Highland L.I. Irving, P A., Lieut. Beds. Rgt McDonnell, T. F R., Private Rangoon Rifle Volunteers lsaac, C. L., Captain R.A.M.C., M.O. 3rd Welsh Field Amb. McDougall, W., Major R.A.M.C., Nelley Hospital McFadycn, W A., 2nd Lieut. (T.) Weald of Kent, The Buffs, E. Kent Rgt *Jacklin, J. V., Capt. Essex Rgt *Mackinlay, D. M., 2nd Lieut. K.R.R.C. Jackson, Gilbert E., Ple. Royal West Kent Rgt Maclay, E., Capt. Cameronians, Scottish Rifles Jacquest, S. P., Gunner Canadian R.F.A. MacMullen, W A., 2nd Lieut. A.S.C., M.T Jm·chow, C. J. F., Pte. London Hgt, Artists Rifles Mansbridge, E. Post OfficeTelegraph Factory, Holloway Jenkins, M. R Ministry of Munitions Marchand, G. I. C., Capt. RF.A., London Brigade Joce, J. B. D., Sub-Lieut. R.N.V.R Marlow, C. C., 2nd Lieut. Hoyal vVarwicks Johnson, C. J., Driver I-I.A. C. Marr, F A., Capt., l\f.C. Cambs. Rgt Johnson, E. F Hoyal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough *Marrack, f. R., Capt., 1\f.C. (Fellow), R.A.M.C. attached Monmouth Johnson, M. C., 2nd Lieut. A.S.C. Marrs, F vV., 2nd Lieut. The Worcestershire Rgt J ones, I. E., 2nd Lieut. Royal Welsh Fusiliers Marshall, W B., Captain R.A.M.C., 1st Eastern General Hospital Jones, R. F., Capt. R.A.M.C. Mart, W T D., Capt. R.A.l\I.C., West R. Field Ambulance *Jones, R. M., 2nd Lieut. Northumberland Fusiliers *Mason, E. W., Capt. Northumberland Fusiliers Jopson, N. R. War Office, Censor's Dept. *May, H. R. D., Lieut. 'Varwicks Rgt McLean, R. C., Private Inns of Court O.T.C. Menendez, F T S., 2nd Lieut. York and Lancaster Rgt Kemp, P V., 2nd Lieut. Durham L.l. Merivale, B., Captain London Rgt Kempthorne, G. A., Major R.A.M.C. Miller, F., Captain Infantry, Indian Army King, L. A. L., Lieut. Lowland Brigade R.F.A. Mills, E. J., 2nd Lieut. Cheshire Rgt, Machine Gun Officer Kingdom, Vv A., Lieut. South Staffs Rgt Millyard, T., Capt. Herefordshire Rgt. *Kirk, J. H. District Officer, Nigeria Mclntire, G. S., Gunner R.F.A. Kirkness, L. H., Capt. Railway Transport Officer, D.A.Q.M.G. Mirfin, J. C., 2nd Lieut. York and Lancaster Rgt *Knowles, J. A., 2nd Lieut. Cheshire Rgt Mitchell, A. H. MeN., Major R.A.M.C. *Knox, R; U. E., Capt., D.S.O. Suffolk Rgt Moody, B., Lieut. Scinde Rifles, Railway Transport Officer Moore, Reginald M., Lieut. R.A.M.C. Lane, H. C. H., Cadet Of£cers' Cadet Bn. Moore, Rev. C. Chaplain R.N. La Touche, H. N. D., 2nd Lieut. Shropshire Rgt Morley, G. H., 2nd Lieut. King's Shropshire L.l. *Laidlaw, Vv S., 2nd Lieut. R.E. Morrison, D. C. A., Captain Wilts. (Duke of Edinburgh) Rgt Lasbrey, Rev. P U. Chaplain la the Forces. MOt·ton, F D., Capt. H.L.I. (City of Glasgow) Latif, S. C., Interpreter Military Base Hospital, Bournemouth Matt, C. E., 2nd Lieut. R.F.C. Lattey, H., Capt. Territorial Force Heserve Moulton, Lord Head of the High Explosive Dept. (A 6), \Var Office. Laughlin, P H., 2nd Lieut. Royal West Surrey Rgt Lawe, F vV., Capt. East Yorks. Rgt *Mulhollancl, W., 2nd Lieut., 1\!.C. Manchester Rgt. Lee, Harry, Capt. R.A.M.C., 1 ,V.R. Field Ambulance Murphy, W L., M.D., Capt. R.A.M.C. Lees, S., Engineer Lieut. R.N (H.M.S. Fisgat-d) *M urray-Aynsley, C. M., 2nd Lieut. K.R.R.C. (Army Cyclists Corps) VOL. XXXVIII. L 146 Our War List. Our War List. 147

Need, G. S. R.A.M.C., 1st East Anglian Ambulance Rice, L. C., Capt. Loyal North Lancs. Rgt Neill, N. C., 2nd Lieut. RN.R., H.M.Y. Adve11111ress Ritchie, Rev. C. H., Chaplain H.M.S. Donegal Newbery, E. V., 2nd Lieut., M.C. R.G.A. Ritchie, G. L., Capt. Royal Scots Fusiliers Newton, H. G. T., Capt. Hussars Rivers, W H. R. (Fellow}, Capt. R.A.M.C. *Nicholls, A. C., 2nd Lieut. South Staffs Hgt *Robinson, E. H., Lieut. Shropshire L.I. Nicholson, J. E., Lieut-Col. R.A.M.C. Robinson, L. F W., 2nd Lieut. Field Co. RE. Nicklin, G. N., 2nd Lieut. Punjabis, Indian Army Hobinson, R. G., 2nd Lieut. Welsh Rgt Norman, A. C., Major Bengal Cavalry Rolleston, Dr H. D., C.B. Consultant, Naval Hospital, Haslar Norregaard, Rev. A. H., Chaplain H.M.S. Temeraire Ronaldson, J. B., Surgeon H.M.S. Co11quest Noweli-Rostron, Rev. S. Chaplain to the Forces Hose, F A., Captain RA.M.C. 1st London General Hospital Hose, H. C., Captain A.S.C., 13th Divisional Train Rose, Hubert A., Pte. Inns of Court O.T.C. *Odgers, L. N. B., 2nd Lieut., M.C. Middlesex. Rgt . Ross, Rev. J. E. C. Chaplain to the Forces Odgers, R. B., Captain A.S.C. Warwtck Bngade Rowel!, A. H., Corp. Field Co. R.E. Okell, C. C., Lieut., M.C. R.A.M.C., 6th Field Amb�lance Rowett, F E., Lieut. R.N.A.S. Owen, D. H., Lieut. South Wales Mounted Bngade Rudd, W. A., 2nd Lieut. Berks. Rgt Owens, F H., Pte. (T.} Artists *Russeii-Smith, A., Pte. H.A.C. Ryley, D. A. G. B., 2nd Lieut. North Staffs. Hgt Palmer, vV E., Lieut. The Dorsetshire Rgt Parker G., M.D., Major R.A.M.C., Second Southern General Saddler, W., 2nd Lieut. R.G.A. Hospital, Bristol Saint, J. P., Lieut. Pioneers, Indian Army Parry, J. H., Lieut. Indian Medical Service *Salmond, W G., 2nd Lieut. N. Somerset Yeomanry Parsons, Sir C. A., K.C.B., Sampson, M. T., 2nd Lieut. King's Royal Rifles Hon. Col. Northumberland Fusiliers Sanceau, R. J., 2nd Lieut. R.F.C. Pascoe, E. H., 2nd Lieut. Indian Army alld. Sikh Pioneers Sandal!, T E., Lieut-Col. C.M.G. Lincolnshire Rgt Pascoe, F J., Lieut. Duke of Cornwall's L.l. Sargent, P W G., Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C., M.O. 1st County of London Paskin, J J., Lieut. Worcester Rgt., Machine Gun Officr Yeomanry Pass, Rev. H. L. Chaplain to the Forces Scarborough, 0. L., Captain R.A.M.C. attd. W Yorks Regt. Paterson, M. W., Capt. R.A.M.C., Special Reserve Scarth, R. E., 2nd Lieut. RF.A., Welsh Brigade Pallerson, R. F.. 2nd Lieut. Royal Irish Rifles Scoular, A. C., Major Border Hgt Pearson, C. E., 2nd Lieut. Durham L.I. *Scoular, J. G., Lieut. R.G.A. Penfold, H. L., Lieut. RE. Scutt, J. A. H., Pte. H.A.C. Percy, J R., 2nd Lieut. Border Rgt Seccombe, P J. A., Capt. R.A.M.C. Perry, C. J., Lieut. RG.A. Sewell, E. F., Lieut. Madras Artillery Volunteers *Philbin, J., 2nd Lieut. RG.A. *Shanly, H., Lieut. County of London Rgt. Phillips, H. E., 2nd Lieut. The Welsh Rgt *Shaw, A., 2nd Lieut. King's Own Yorks. L.I. Phillips, R S., 2nd Lieut. Indian Army Shelton, L. H. Assistant Dist. Officer, Southern Nigeria Phillips, W R., 2nd Lieut. Unalld. List Shillito, N. W., 2nd Lieut. R.E. Philp, A. L., Lieut. South Midland D., R.E. Shimicld, W S., 2nd Lieut. Duke of Cornwall's L.l. Philpol. F H., Pte. Inns of Court O.T.C. *Shore, L. R, Capt., M.C. RA.M.C. Polack, A. I., Lieut. Devon Fortress Eng. Sibly, T M., 2nd Lieut. Gloucester Rgt Pollard, W M. N., Lieut. Unattached Terr., Denstone Coli. O.T.C. *Silk, G. W., 2nd Lieut. East Yorks. Rgt Poole, Hev J. T Chaplain to the Forces Simpson, G. C. E., Capt. R.A.M.C. West Lancs. Casualty Cleari•ng Potter, Cyril G., Bombardier R. F.A. Station Pralle, E. L. R., Flight Sub-Lieut. R.N.A.S. Skene, Rev C. M. B. Chaplain to the Forces Pralt, G. vV., Surg. Probationer RN.V.R. Slater, S. B., Capt. King's Royal IUfles Precious, C. M., Pte. Middlese:x Regt Sleight, A. H., Pte. U. & P.S. Brigade R.E. Prideaux, H. S., 2nd Lieut. Duke of Cornwall's L.l. Smee, C. W., Capt. Royal Fusiliers (London Rgt) Purser Rev W C. B., Pte. Rangoon Volunteer Rifles Smellie, K. B S., Pte. London Scottish Stnith, A. F., 2nd Lieut. Middlesex Hgt Quin, B. G., 2nd Lieut. Cambs. Rgt Smith, 0. C., 2nd Lieut. O.T.C. *Snlith, V S., 2nd Lieut. Duke of Wellington's Rgt. Snow Sir T D'O., K.C.B., Raffle, W., Capt. RA.M.C., alld. Coldstream Guards Lieul.-General H.Q.S. *Read, A. J., 2nd Lieut. Duke of Cornwall's L.I. Soden, W S., Capt. R.A.M.C. Read, G. D., Capt. RA.M.C. Sothers, E. D., 2nd Lieut. London Rgt Reade, G. L. U & P.S. Bn Southam, Rev. J. F S. Chaplain to the Forces, 95th Brigade Rees, F E., Sub-Lieut. R.N.A.S. Spa\:kman, H. M., 2nd Lieut. RF.A., E. Lanes Brigade Wee, H. G., Capt. R.A.M.C. Sparks, C. H., Adjt. R.F.A. 148 Our War List. Ottr War List. 149

Stainer, H. Ministry of Munitions *Vause, T C., 2nd Lieut. 'V Yorks Rgt Stanham, C. T., Lieut. The Buffs Veevers, W., Sergt. R. G.A., 128th Siege Battery Slansfeld, R., Lieut. R.A.M.C. Vernon, C. H., Lieut. Hampshire Rgt Stanford, H. C., Capt. Suffolk Rgt Vint, J., 2nd Lieut. R.G.A. *Sleen, F D., Lieut. King's Hoyal Rifles Vyvyan, P H. N. N., Major, M.C. D.A.Q.M.G., 14th Division, Aldershot Stephens, J. S. Jordan's Field Ambulance Section *Stephenson, F., 2nd Lieut. Loyal N. Lanes Regt Sterndale-Bennett, J., Captain Pioneers, Indian Army Wagstaff, J. E. P Woolwich Arsenal Sterndale-Bennett, J. B., Pte. Artists Walker, J. Ness, Lieut. Northumbrian Brigade, R.F.A. Sternclale-Bennett, R., Captain( T.) Unallached Warren, J. L. E., Capt. The Welsh Rgt *Stevens, J. K., 2nd Lieut. Hoyal Fusiliers Watcrhouse, G., 2nd Lieut. Unattached List Stewart, D. M., 2nd Lieut. 'Vclsh Rgt Waterhouse, H., 2nd Lieut. Lancashire Fusiliers Stimpson, R., Pte. London Hangers Watkins, A. G., Pte. H.A.C. Stockwood, I. H., Lieut. S. Wales Borderers Watson, B. L., Lieut. Army Signal Service Stokes, J W G., 2nd Lieut. R.G.A. Watson, J., Capt. King's Liverpool Rgt Stopford, J., 2nd Lieut. Lancs. Fusiliers Watts, A. C. B., 2nd Lieut. Middlesex Rgt. Strong, S. D., 2nd Lieut. R.F.A., South Midland Brigade Watts, R. J., Lieut. South Midland Field Co. RE. *Struthers, J. A., Lieut. Durham L.l. Wells, W D., 2nd Lieut. O.T.C. Sluart, C. E., Lieut. North Staffs. Rgt Wetiton, T A., Captain R.A.M.C. Swift, H. vV., 2nd Lieut. County of London Rgt Wheldon, W P., Major Hoyal Welsh Fusiliers Swift, Rev J. M. Chaplain to the Forces Whiddington, R., Capt. Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough. White, R. H., Pte. Cyclist Bn. London Hgt Tanner, L. E., Lieut. Gloucester Rgt Whiteley, G. T., Captain Royal West Surrey Rgt Tale, R W., Major Dublin University O.T.C., *Whitfield, E. H. D., 2nd Lieut. Yorks. and Lancs. Rgt Taylor, E. C., Captain Indian Medical Service Whittaker, F Y.M.C.A., India Taylor F L., 2nd Lieut. Royal Fusiliers Whye, J. W., Capt. Leicestershire Rgt Taylor, J N., Lieut. Calcutta Light Horse *Wickham, B. W T., 2nd Lieut., M.C., South Staffordshire Rgt Taylor, S. M. C., Lieut. Field Co. Div. Eng. R.N.D. Williams, H. B., 2nd Lieut. O.T.C. Teakle, Rev. S. G. Chaplain to the Forces Williams, W. H., 2nd Lieut. A.S.C. *Teall, G. H., Staff Captain H.Q. Units Williamson, H., M. D., Captain R.A.M.C., 1st London General Hospital Thomas, R B. H., Gunner Hanls R.G.A. Williamson, K. B., Lieut. R.G.A. Thomas, R. Ll., 2nd Lieut. Welsh Rgt Wills, R. G., Capt. R.A.M.C., West Lancs. Field Ambulance Thomas, W W., Lieut. South Wales Borderers *Wilson, A. S., 2nd Lieut. South Lancs. Rgt, attached M.G.C. Thompson, A. R., Lieut. O.T.C. Wilson, A. Wesley, 2nd Lieut. Scots Guards *Thompson, C. N., Lieut. Hifle Brigade Wilson, Garner, 2nd Lieut. Norfolk Rgt Thompson, S. L., Lieut. Infantry, Indian Army Winder, R. McD., Lieut. R.M.L.I. Thorne-Waile, A., 2nd Lieut. Shropshire L.l. Winfield, P H., Lieut. Cambs. Rgt Thursby, W., Lieut. R.F.A. Wood, N. E., Cadet Officers' Cadet Bn Thursfield, Rev G. A. R. Chaplain Burma Ry Volunteers Wood, N W., Pte. Cheshire Rgt Thwaites, G., Major A.S.C., attached to the Egyptian Army *Wood, T A. V., Capt. Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry Ticehurst, C. B , Lieut. R.A.M.C. Woods, B. F., Capt. Royal Fusiliers Ticehurst, G. A., Lieut. R.A.M.C. Woodall, F E., 2nd Lieut. Unattached Terr., Oundle School O.T.C. Tillard, L. B., Capt. City of London Rgt Woolrich, vV G., Dresser R.A.M.C. Tooth,Dr H. H.,C.M.G.,Lieut-Col. Commanding Medical Unit, Univ�rsity *Worthington, F., Major, D S.O. RA. M. C. of London O.T.C. Wragg, N., Cadet Officers' Cadet Bn *Torry, A. J. D., 2nd Lieut., M.C. R.G.A. Wren, T. L. (Fellow), 2nd Lieut. A.S.C. Towle, J. H., Lieut. United Provinces Light Horse, India Wright, T., 2nd Lieut. King's Own Y.L.I. :1:owusend, R. ·w., 2nd Lieut. The Devonshire Rgt Wyeth, F J., Captain, .M.C. Essex Rgt I ozer, S. P., 2nd Lieut. The Devonshire Rgt Trott, A. C., Capt. The Devonshire Rgt Yeats, G. F W., Pte. Middlesex Rgt Trott, C. E., 2nd Lieut. R.F.C. Kite Balloon Service *Troll, F W., 2nd Lieut., M.C. The Devonshire Rgt Trough!, T., Lieut. (T.) West Kent Rgt *!rumper, J. H. W., 2nd Lieut. Monmouthshire 1ucker, D. H. M., 2nd Lieut. Manchester Rgt Urie, R. W., Lieut. R.F.A. Vale, H. E. T., Lieut. Army Signal Service van Druten, H. J., Lieut. Middlesex Rgt *Varwell, R. P., Capt. Royal Irish Rifles, on Staff D.A Q.M.G. 150 Our War List. Our War List. 15 1

Badcock, A. L., Lieut., King's Own Yorks. L.I.; 14 October 1915 following servants of the College are on Active Service:­ The Barnett, B. L. T., Captain, A.S.C.; 18 April 1915 Captain J. H. Palmer (Head Porter). R.F.A. Barllett, W H., Lieut., Canadian Infantry; 14 September 1916 Benson, G. E., Rifleman, Rifle Brigade; 9 May 1915 Frow lite Btttfct'Y aud College Ojjice- Bentall, W D., 2nd Lieut.; King's Own Yorkshire L.I.; 16 Sept. 1916 Bernard, H. C., 2nd Lieut. ; Gloucester Rgt.; 3 September 1916 Drury, E. J. Cambs. Regt Bowen, L. H., 2nd Lieut., Lincolnshire Rgt.; 22 December 1915 Finding, T West Yorks Brice-Smith, J. K., 2nd Lieut., Lincs. Rgt.; 10 September 1915 Frost, G. E. Cambs. Regt Brown, C.W., Lieut., Royal Scots Fusiliers; 30 April 1916 Hough, P R.A.M.C. Browning, Rev G. A., Chaplain R.N., H.M.S. Iudefatigable; 31 May 1916 Burr, F G., Captain, I�oyal Scots Fusiliers; 25-27 September 1915 Gyps- * Fox, W B. Suffolk Regt Callender,R. H., 2nd Lieut., Durham L.I. ; 5 October 1915 Killed at the battle of the Somme Cassels, W G., Captain, Border Rgt; 13 July 1916 Malthews, W S. West Yorks Chapman, A. R. B., Lieut., Loyal N Lancs. Rgt.; 6 June 1916 Chell, H., Lieut., Royal Fusiliers; 10 August 1915 Piggott, H. Suffolk Regt Clark, H. R. E., 2nd Lieut., The London Rgt.; 3 June 1915 Wouuded at Neuve C!tapclle Clarke, D., 2nd Lieut, R.F.C.; 26 i\ugust 1916 White, R. R.A.M.C. Clarke, R. S., Captain, Shropshire L.I. ; 25-26 September 1915 Cobhold, R. H. W., Lieut., The Rifle Brigade; 9 September 1915 Coop, W., 2nd Lieut., The Liverpool Rgt. ; 16 June 1915 From lite Kitchen aud Gm-den Staff­ Black, T R.F.A. Day, D. I., 2nd Lieut., R.F.A.; 7 October 1915 •Death, C. London Regt Evans, H. C., Lieut.-Commr., Nelson Bn. R.N. Division; 5 June 1915 Killed October 7, 1916 Evatt, G. R K., Captain, The Middlesex Rgt., 13 November 1914 Elderkin, R. C. Cambs. Regt Fletcher, J. H. B., Lieut., The London Rgt.; 13 May 1915 Heffer, C. S. Cambs. Regt Fen·is, S. B. C., 2nd Lieut., Hussars; 6 April 1915 Humphrey, A. G. C'ambs. Regt Hunt, N. Cambs. Regt Gaze, G. A., Captain, The London Rgt.; 15 September 1916 Kavanagh, H. Suffolk Regt Gleave, T R., Captain, South Lancashire Rgt. ; 10 October 1916 Grail, C. G., Captain, N. Staffordshire Rgt; 23 July 1915 Long, W Life Guards Quinney, J. F R.F.A. Halliwell, W N., 2nd Lieut., The Yorkshire Rgt.; 21 September 1916 Hamilton, A. S., Lieut.-Col. Commanding Durham L.I.; 26 September 1915 Randall, A. E. Cambs. Regt Harvey. A. W., Captain, R.A.M.C., attd. RF.A.: 7 September 1916 Saddler, A. J R.A.M.C. Hawcridge, R. S., Corporal, Royal Fusiliers; 28 July 1916 Stevens, C. W. Cambs. Regt Hiller, A. M., 2nd Lieut., Royal W Surrey Rgt.; 16 May 1915 Walpole, B. V Suffolk Regt Hobbs, A. V., 2nd Lieut., R.F.C.; 15 December 1915 Wye, R. F. Cambs. Regt Holden, N V., Lieut., Lancs. Fusiliers; 5 June 1915 Howell, M. I. B., 2nd Lieut., Royal West Surrey Rgt; 25 September 1915 Hughes, B. F M., Flight Sub-Lieut. R.N.; 1 December 1915 Hurdman, C., 2nd Lieut., South Staffs. Rgt; 20 July 1916

Jacob, A. R., 2nd Lieut., Durham Light Infantry; 18 September 1916 James, F A., Captain, The Manchester Rgt; 18 September 1915

ROLL OF HONOUR. Laidlaw, C. G. P., Private, London Scottish; 2 April 1915 Lee, E. H., Lieut., Shropshire L.I.; 19 September 1916 Linnell, R. McC., Captain, R.A.M.C.; 16 March 1915 The follo�ing list gives the names of all members of the College who, Lusk, J., Captain, The Cameronians; 29 December 1915 since the beginning of the war up to the end of October last, are known to have been killed in action or died, of wounds or otherwise, in the active McAulay, F W., Captain, R.F.A.; 21 May 1916 Marshal!, \V., Lieut., The Leicestershire Rgt; 4 June 1915 service of the Crown, with the dates of their deaths. May, P. L., 2nd Lieut., Dragoons (Scots Greys); 13 February 1916 Mogridge, B. F 2nd Lieut., Leicester Regt; 11-13 October 1915 Adamson, F D., 2nd Lieut., Border Rgt.; 16 November 1915 vV., Ainley, K. E. D., Lieut., E. Lancs. Field Co. R.E.; 11 May 1915 Norbury, F C., Captain, King's Royal Rifle Corps; 8 January 1915 Alexander, Rev P. G., Chaplain R.N., H.M.S. Hampshire; 5 June 1916 152 Ottr War List.

t; 17 July 1916 Polack, E. E., Lieut., Gloucester Rg Yorks. Rgt; 24 July 1916 Puddicombe, D. R., 2nd Lieut., E. Rgt; 21 January 1916 Pullin, J H .. Lieut., Loyal N. Lancashire

attd. Royal Warwickshire Rgt; Rennie, D. W., Lieut., Royal Fusiliers, THE LIBRARY. 11 November 1914 25 September 1915 Richardson, R. J. R., Lieut., S. Staffs. Rgt; Highlanders; 22 April 1916 Ritchie, J. N., 2nd Lieut., Seaforth Donations and Additions to the Library during the I1alf­ Rgt; 20 September 1914 Roseveare, H. W., 2nd Lieut., Wiltshire Brigade; 5 July 1916 year ending Michaelmas, 1916. Russell-Smith, H. F., Captain (Fellow), Rifle

; 10 August 1915 Scholfield, R. D., 2nd Lieut., Royal Lancs. Rgt * The asterisk denotes past or prcseut Me111bC1'S of the College. Rgt; 1 July 1916 Souper, N. B., 2nd Lieut., Royal Berkshire

Rgt; 21 May 1916 Donatwns. Taylor, H. C. N., 2nd Lieut., The London 3 March 1915 Thomson, K. S., Lieut., Cavalry, Indian Army; DONORS. Lancaster Rgt; 1 July 1916 Twentyman, D. C. T., Captain, York and Bibliographical Society: Transactions. Vol. IX. (Oct. 1906 to Mar. 1908) .. 14 July 1916 Wales, H. R., 2nd Lieut., East Yorks. Rgt; Vol. Xlll. (Oct. 1913 to Mar. 1915). 4to Lond. ; 28 June 1915 Willett, J. A., Lieut., Royal Fusiliers �908,1916 ...... 20 July 1916 Wooler, C. A., 2nd Lieut., West Yorks Rgt; Alien Members of the Book-Trade during the 28 March 1916 . . Wooler, H. S., 2nd Lieut., West Yorks. Rgt; Tudor Penod : bemg an index to the names in documents, etc., published by the Huguenot Society. With notes by E. J. Worman. 4to

Lond. 1906 ...... Hand-List of English Books in the Library of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, printed before J. H. Hessels, Esq. 1641. 4to. Lond. 1915 ...... Abstracts from the Wills of Printers Binders and Stationers of Cambridge from 1S04 to 1699. By G. J. Gray and W M. Palmer 4to Lond

1915 ...... : Bartholomew (A.T.). Richard Bentley, D.D.: a Bib­ liography of his w·orks and of all the literature called forth by his acts or his writings. 4to Camb. 1908. 14.6.3* ...... } *Clarke (Sir Ernest). New lights on Chalterton. A paper read Dec. 1914. (Heprinted from the ::�.���1.�: The Author. f9f�.og�a��.'{f�.���!.��.:��::���:��:�.�·! . . * . . } Ma_rr (J. E.), Sc.D. The Geology of the Lake Dis- tnct and the Scenery as influenced by Geological The Author. Structure. 8vo Camb. 1916. 3.43.11...... '} *Bonney �T.G.), Sc.D. Professor John Wesley Judd an ObJtuary. (Extracted from lhe Geological The Author. Magaziue. N.S. Vol. Ill. 1916). 8vo Lond. 1916 The Herefordshire Pomona; containing original figures and descriptions of lhe most esteemed kinds of Apples and Pears. Edited by H. Graves Bull and R. Hogg. Illustrations drawn and coloured by Miss Ellis and Miss Bull. 2 vols. la. fol. Hereford. 1876-85. 15.40.29,30 ...... Dion Cassius. Historiae Romanae quae supersunt. Rev. C. E. Graves. C�m annotalionibus J. A. Fabricii ac paucis allorum. Graeca supplevit, emendavit, Latinarn versionem Xylandro-Leunclavianam Jimavit· var­ ias �ectiones, notas doctorum et suas cum apparatu et mdicibus adjecit H. S. Reimarus. 2 vols. Hamburgi, 1750-52. EE.9.30,31...... 154 T!Jc Libra1y. The Library. 155

} (R.). History of in England, 1500- Colburn (Z.). Locomotive Engineering and !he Blomfield Renaissance Architecture Mechanism of Railways. A [realise on the prin- 1800. 2 vols. imp. 8vo Lond. 1897 10.11.38,39. Rev. C. E. Graves. ciples of the locomotive engine. By z. Colburn --History of French Architecture from the reign of Charles VIII. till [and D. K. Clark]. 2 vols. 4to Lond. r 1871]. 4.14• the death of Mazarin. 2 vols. imp. Svo Lone!. 1911. 10.11.40.41. } British of Century now Dictionary of Slang, Jargon and Cant. Compiled Museum. Catalogue books printed in the XVlh and edited by A. Ban·ere and C. G. Leland. 2 vols. The Master in the B.M. Part IV Italy : Subiaco and Rome. 8vo Lond. 1916. Catalogue Desk. 4to privately pri11ted. 1889,1890. 7.7.42,43...... } 0 Kalo Rai. [Romany translation of "The Gypsy" Canterbu.ry and York Society. Winchester Diocese. Registrum Johannis de Pontissara. Pars 4. by Sir Donald MacAiister•J. (Reprinted from The Translator r s Salisbury Diocese. Registrum Simonis de Gandavo. Pars 2. ��� ��ft.. :��-� .�!.� !..����-����-��:. ���.'. ��-��:).'. -�-��: Hereford Diocese. Registrum Johannis Trefnant. Miller (G. A.), Blichfeldt (H. F.) and Dickson (L. E.). } 3 parts. 8vo Lone!. 1916. 11.2. Theory and Applications of Finite Groups. 8vo Chaucer Society. 1st Series. The textual tradition of Chaucer's Troilus. New York, 1916. 3.49.73 ...... By R. K. Root. 8vo Lond. 1916 (for 1912). 4.26. The Cambridge Songs. A Goliard's Song Book of Dr Tanner. Classical Association. The Year's Work in Classical Studies, 1915. Edited the XJlh Century. Edited from lhe unique MS. by C. Bailey. 8vo Lond. 1916. 7.49.44. in Cambridge University Library by K. Breul. Dictionary (Oxford English). Steacl-Sli!l

Sclnvarz (H. A.). Malhemalische Abhancllungen Hermann Amanclus Schwarz zu seinem Hinfzigjahrigen Doktorjubilaum am 6 August 1914 gcwiclmet von Freunclen unci Schlilcrn. roy. 8vo Berlin, 1914. Scottish Hecorcl Publications. Calendar of the State Papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots. Vol. IX. 1586-1588. roy. 8vo Glasgow, 1915. 18.7.39. Sclclen Society. Vol. XXXII. Pnblic Works in Mediaeval Law. Vol. I. Edited by C. T. Flower. 4to Loncl. 1915. 5.32.35. Shakespeare (William). Catalogue of the Shakespeare Exhibition held in the Boclleian Library to commemorate the death of Shakespeare. April 23rcl, 1916. 4to Oxford, 1916. A Book of Homage to Shakespeare. Edited by I. Gollancz. 4to Oxford, 1916. 4.4.54. The Shakspere Allusion-Book a collection of allusions to Shakspere THE EAGLE. from 1591 to 1700. Originally compiled by C. M. Ingleby, Miss L. Toulmin Smith and Dr. F. J Furnivall : now re-edited and revised by John Munro. 2 vols. 8vo Loncl. 1909. 4.29.35,36. Lc11t Ttnn, 1917. Lee (Sir Sidney). Life of William Shakespeare. New edition. Svo Loncl. 1915. 11.45.23. Harrison (William). Description of England in Shakspere's Youth : being the second and third books of his Description of Britaine. Edited by F. J. Furnival, with additions by Mrs. C. C. Slopes. Part IV 4to Loncl. 1908. 4.4. UTOPIAS IN LITERATURE. Shakespeare's England : an account of the life and manners of his age. [Edited by C. T Onions]. 2 vols. 8vo Oxford, 1916. 4.28.28,29. Teclcler (A. W.). The Navy of the Restoration from the death of Cromwell III. to the Treaty of Breda. (Cambridge Historical Essays). sm. 8vo " Cam b. 1916. 18.16 22. In spite of all the infallible maxims of your day there is yet Thomson (J. A. K.). The Greek Tradition : essays in the reconstruction a time of rest in store for the world, when mastery has changed into of ancient thought. 8vo Loncl. 1915. 7-46.35. Wallace (111. W.). Life of Sir Philip Siclney. 8vo Camb. 1915. 11.44.13. fellowship-but not before. While you live you will see all round you people engaged in making others live lives which are not their own, while they themselves care nothing for their own real lives-men who hate life though they fear death. Go on living while you may, striving, with whatsoever pain and labour needs must be, to build up little by little the new day of fellowship, and rest, <\Bel happiness." William Morris, News /1'0111 Nowhere.

HE Utopias we have so far considered all appear to be natural results of the ideas current in the age which produced them. They are a most valuable key to contemporary theories; they show how the period is reflected in keen and speculative minds; they blend imagination and reality, pointing to the desired country of the future which may be built out of the evils and ugliness of the present. The difficulties in creating a modern Utopia are different from those which faced Plato or a Renascence writer, for instance ; modern conditions are infinitely com­ plex; society is controlled by numberless interdependent forces none of which can be satisfactorily examined without VOL. XXXVIII. M