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A Welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft
COLUMN A welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft am delighted to have been asked to write a welcome Germany was an empire of 25 “states”; four kingdoms, six to this the second issue of Iron Cross magazine and to grand duchies, seven principalities and three Hanseatic be able to commend this splendid publication to the free cities. reader as an important historical journal. It provides Most had their own armies, even though some were Ian honest and objective look at German military history extremely small, consisting of just a single infantry from 1914 to 1945 for the first time. regiment. In most cases, these armies were trained, Over the past 33 years, I have built up the world’s organised and equipped after the Prussian model. largest collection of Victoria Crosses, Britain and the Although in wartime, these armies fell under the control Commonwealth’s premier gallantry award for bravery of the Prussian General Staff, the creation and bestowal ■ A selection of German gallantry awards from the First World War: L to R, Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class, Prussian Knight’s Cross of the Royal House Order in the face of the enemy. As such, I am now the humble of gallantry awards remained a privilege of the territorial of Hohenzollern with Swords, Military Merit Cross 2nd Class of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Hamburg Hanseatic Cross and Honour Cross of custodian of more than 200 VCs from a total of over lords and sovereigns of the Reich. The reality was that the World War. -
Sir Frank Cooper on Air Force Policy in the 1950S & 1960S
The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society Copyright © Royal Air Force Historical Society, 1993 All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 1993 by Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. Printed by Hastings Printing Company Limited Royal Air Force Historical Society 2 THE PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY Issue No 11 President: Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Committee Chairman: Air Marshal Sir Frederick B Sowrey KCB CBE AFC General Secretary: Group Captain J C Ainsworth CEng MRAeS Membership Secretary: Commander P O Montgomery VRD RNR Treasurer: D Goch Esq FCCA Programme Air Vice-Marshal G P Black CB OBE AFC Sub-Committee: Air Vice-Marshal F D G Clark CBE BA Air Commodore J G Greenhill FBIM T C G James CMG MA *Group Captain I Madelin Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA Group Captain A R Thompson MBE MPhil BA FBIM MIPM Members: A S Bennell Esq MA BLitt *Dr M A Fopp MA PhD FMA FBIM A E Richardson *Group Captain N E Taylor BSc D H Wood Comp RAeS * Ex-officio The General Secretary Regrettably our General Secretary of five years standing, Mr B R Jutsum, has found it necessary to resign from the post and the committee. -
The Heroic Destroyer and "Lucky" Ship O.R.P. "Blyskawica"
Transactions on the Built Environment vol 65, © 2003 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 The heroic destroyer and "lucky" ship O.R.P. "Blyskawica" A. Komorowski & A. Wojcik Naval University of Gdynia, Poland Abstract The destroyer O.R.P. "Blyskawica" is a precious national relic, the only remaining ship that was built before World War I1 (WW2). On the 5oth Anniversary of its service under the Polish flag, it was honoured with the highest military decoration - the Gold Cross of the Virtuti Militari Medal. It has been the only such case in the whole history of the Polish Navy. Its our national hero, war-veteran and very "lucky" warship. "Blyskawica" took part in almost every important operation in Europe throughout WW2. It sailed and covered the Baltic Sea, North Sea, all the area around Great Britain, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. During the war "Blyskawica" covered a distance of 148 thousand miles, guarded 83 convoys, carried out 108 operational patrols, participated in sinking two warships, damaged three submarines and certainly shot down four war-planes and quite probably three more. It was seriously damaged three times as a result of operational action. The crew casualties aggregated to a total of only 5 killed and 48 wounded petty officers and seamen, so it was a very "lucky" ship during WW2. In July 1947 the ship came back to Gdynia in Poland and started training activities. Having undergone rearmament and had a general overhaul, it became an anti-aircraft defence ship. In 1976 it replaced O.R.P. "Burza" as a Museum-Ship. -
Naval Service Personal, Family and Community
Position Number: 2005940 (From 1 Apr 2121524) Date of Issue: 9 Mar 2021 Rank Complement: WO1 RN Review Date: 8 Mar 2022 TOR Agreed By: Cdr A Murray RN Post Holder: Location: HMS TEMERAIRE, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth DIRECTOR PEOPLE & TRAINING – PEOPLE SUPPORT TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR WARRANT OFFICER CASUALTY AND RECOVERY MANAGEMENT ROYAL NAVY (WO1 CRM RN) Preamble 1. Director People & Training (Dir P&T) is the lead 2* in ensuring strategic coherence in the policies for service personnel in the Royal Navy by defining people strategy, setting the supporting policy and directing the associated research and concept development. 2. In support of this, a single, appropriately resourced Casualty and Recovery Management (CRM) team was established. This team is responsible for policy related to and delivery of the following: a. Casualty Notification, Management and Tracking. b. Complex Wounded, Injured and Sick (WIS) Recovery. c. Repatriation, Funerals and Memorial Services. 3. Casualty Notification, Management and Tracking. The formation of the Royal Navy Casualty Cell (RNCC) under SO2 RNCC created a single Notifying Authority (NA) and a mass casualty RN Casualty Activation Centre (RN CAC) capability. The RNCC provides the training of Casualty Notification Officers (CNOs) and Funeral Officers (FOs), maintains nationwide CNO/FO databases and allocates CNOs/FOs to task. It liaises with RN Family People Support (RN FPS) to ensure Visiting Officers (VOs) are also trained and allocated. The RNCC tracks casualties and liaises with Career Managers and the Chain of Command to facilitate RNCC Case Conferences that determine the Recovery Pathway management of individuals. 4. Royal Navy Recovery Pathway (RNRP). -
Franz Losel, a German Photographer Long-Established in Sheerness, Was
SHEPPEY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR Barbed Wire Island Refits and repairs were the main HMS Bulwark, a battleship guarding roles of Sheerness Dockyard the Thames Estuary against possible during the War but invasion, was destroyed by an internal Cadmus-class ships previously explosion while anchored near built there — HMS Espiegle, Clio Sheerness on November 26th 1914. and Odin (bottom right) — Although Armistice Day, Only 12 of its 750 crew survived. earned battle honours in the November 11th 1918, is when Middle East. Sheerness-built hostilities were halted, Sheppey’s HMS Brilliant (top right), a light main celebration of the War’s end cruiser, was also used as a was on June 29th 1919, when the Eastchurch airfield can claim to be the first block ship during the raid on Treaty of Versailles, which set out Royal Naval Air Station and it was here that Sheppey’s strategic location led to German-held Ostend in the peace terms, was signed. the first operational unit sent overseas was it being heavily fortified and Sheppey was attacked by spring 1918. nicknamed Barbed Wire Island. formed under the command of pioneering bombers and airships as Miles of trenches were dug along aviator Charles Samson (right). The base was people at home now found the cliffs and those wanting access used mostly for training but also provided air themselves on the front needed special identity cards — defence. There was also an air gunnery line. The worst attack was ‘Sheppey Passports’. school in Leysdown (below). on June 5th 1917 when 11 people were killed in a raid on Sheerness by Gotha bombers, one of which was shot down and recovered near Barton's Point (right). -
FRYER, Ernest
FRYER, Ernest Sub-Lieutenant H.M.S. Vengeance, Royal Naval Reserve who died on Tuesday, 15 th June 1915. Aged 28 Ernest was the son of Mahala Rebecca Paczensky (formerly Fryer) of 8, Belsize Park, Hampstead, London and the late Robert Fryer, native of Abberton. They lived at Abberton Glebe. Ernest was born in 1887 and was his parents third child. His father died a few years later and his mother re-married in 1900. Ernest, as a twelve year old boy decided to run away to sea and joined a windjammer in London Docks. The Captain contacted Mrs. Paczensky and persuaded her that Ernest should be allowed to sail with him, as the ship was returning in a few months. Furthermore the experience would "get it out of his system". In fact Ernest decided that "this was the life for me". He stayed with the Merchant Navy until he joined the Royal Navy, as war approached. Ernest joined the RNR and was commissioned, as a Sub Lieutenant on the 12th June 1912. He was serving on HMS Vengeance, which was an obsolete coal fired Battleship of the Canopus class. She had four 12 inch and twelve 6 inch guns plus lighter weapons. She was at the Nore and used as a Gunnery Training Ship. August 26 th 1914 H.M.S. Vengeance left Portland to patrol off Ostende until the 1 st September. She patrolled in the Channel throughout September and October, checking on other vessels from trawlers to liners and cargo vessels. She periodically called into Plymouth, Portland and Portsmouth to coal and to re-provision. -
Descriptive List of the Papers of Admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth, Bart
DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF THE PAPERS OF ADMIRAL SIR JOHN THOMAS DUCKWORTH, BART. (1748-1817) GOVERNOR OF NEWFOUNDLAND, 1810-1813 PART IV Acquired by an exchange in 1986 from THE OSBORN COLLECTION OF YALE UNIVERSITY'S BEINECKE RARE BOOK AND MANUSCRIPT LIBRARY Note The page numbers given in the following list and index are those arbitrarily assigned to the unnumbered pages of the documents themselves. They are not the page numbers of the finding aid. OSBORN DUCKWORTH PAPERS SERIES I PARKER FAMILY PAPERS - Personal Correspondence of Sir John Thomas Duckworth and Lady Duckworth with members of the Parker family of Almington, Staffordshire Reel No. M-7771 Order of Unnumbered Place & Date Author Recipient Description Pages H.M.S. ORION, J.T. Duckworth, George Parker, 1 - 3 Spithead Captain Litchfield 2 March 1793 H.M.S. ORION, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 4 - 6 Reel No. M-7771 Order of Place & Date Author Recipient Description Unnumbered Pages Stoke, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 10 - 13 Plymouth Dock 29 Oct. 1793 Stoke, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 14 - 16 Plymouth Dock 2 Nov. 1793 Stoke, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 17 - 19 Plymouth Dock 4 Nov. 1793 Stoke, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 20 - 23 Plymouth Dock 8 Nov. 1793 H.M.S. ORION, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 24 - 27 Spithead 4 March 1794 Stoke, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 28 - 31 Plymouth Dock 2 July 1794 H.M.S. ORION, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 32 - 34 Plymouth Dock 19 July 1794 H.M.S. ORION, J.T. Duckworth George Parker 35 - 36 Plymouth Sound 19 July 1794 H.M.S. -
Hornblower's Ships
Names of Ships from the Hornblower Books. Introduction Hornblower’s biographer, C S Forester, wrote eleven books covering the most active and dramatic episodes of the life of his subject. In addition, he also wrote a Hornblower “Companion” and the so called three “lost” short stories. There were some years and activities in Hornblower’s life that were not written about before the biographer’s death and therefore not recorded. However, the books and stories that were published describe not only what Hornblower did and thought about his life and career but also mentioned in varying levels of detail the people and the ships that he encountered. Hornblower of course served on many ships but also fought with and against them, captured them, sank them or protected them besides just being aware of them. Of all the ships mentioned, a handful of them would have been highly significant for him. The Indefatigable was the ship on which Midshipman and then Acting Lieutenant Hornblower mostly learnt and developed his skills as a seaman and as a fighting man. This learning continued with his experiences on the Renown as a lieutenant. His first commands, apart from prizes taken, were on the Hotspur and the Atropos. Later as a full captain, he took the Lydia round the Horn to the Pacific coast of South America and his first and only captaincy of a ship of the line was on the Sutherland. He first flew his own flag on the Nonsuch and sailed to the Baltic on her. In later years his ships were smaller as befitted the nature of the tasks that fell to him. -
Tempest – Unravelling the UK’S New Strike Aircraft Project
160 years of innovation theengineer.co.uk October 2018 | £3.70 Future fighter Tempest – unravelling the UK’s new strike aircraft project C2I 2018 The shortlisted finalists for The Engineer’s annual Collaborate to Innovate awards Station masters Driving change Car of the issue The engineering challenges Jaguar Land Rover’s Elizabeth Meet Nomad, the off-road of fitting out Crossrail’s Hill talks electrification, supercar from the firm new stations skills and innovation »32 behind the Ariel Atom »34 »37 »30 Ed - front cover_The Engineer - October 2018_The Engineer 1 02/10/2018 12:17 Over 100 years invested in the UK’s future. E-SCAN RADAR ENSURES INFORMATION SUPERIORITY FOR BATTLESPACE DOMINANCE PRAETORIAN DEFENSIVE AIDS SUB-SYSTEM (DASS) PROVIDES PROTECTION AGAINST AIR-TO-AIR AND SURFACE-TO-AIR THREAT LEONARDO DESIGNS AND BUILDS OVER 60% OF THE EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON’S AVIONICS Leonardo has over 100 years of history at the leading edge of advanced design and manufacturing in the UK. Over 7,000 highly-skilled employees and a vast network of suppliers and partners design and develop industry-leading aircraft, electronics, space, defence and security systems for UK and export customers, worldwide. Inspired by the vision, curiosity and creativity of the great master inventor - Leonardo is designing the technology of tomorrow. leonardocompany.com Helicopters | Aeronautics | Electronics, Defence & Security Systems | Space TE_011018_Leonardo_FP.indd 1 27/09/2018 10:32 TE_011018_Leonardo_FP.indd 1 27/09/2018 10:34 editor comment thisissue ouropinion Volume 297 Issue No.7902 Established 1856 A storm on the way news 04 R obotics Humans use special gloves head of this summer’s Farnborough International Airshow we ran a to teach robots to be nimble somewhat timely poll on The Engineer’s website asking readers 06 A utomotive UK-built drivetrains for a whether they felt we might currently be seeing the last generation of new fleet of South American buses manned military aircraft. -
Theory of Aces: High Score by Skill Or Luck?
Theory of aces: high score by skill or luck? M.V. Simkin and V.P. Roychowdhury Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594 We studied the distribution of WWI fighter pilots by the number of victories they were credited with along with casualty reports. Using the maximum entropy method we obtained the underlying distribution of pilots by their skill. We find that the variance of this skill distribution is not very large, and that the top aces achieved their victory scores mostly by luck. For example, the ace of aces, Manfred von Richthofen, most likely had a skill in the top quarter of the active WWI German fighter pilots, and was no more special than that. When combined with our recent study [10], showing that fame grows exponentially with victory scores, these results (derived from real data) show that both outstanding achievement records and resulting fame are mostly due to chance. During the “Manhattan project” (the making of nuclear bomb), physicist Enrico Fermi asked General Leslie Groves, the head of the project, what is the definition of a “great” general [1]. Groves replied that any general who had won five battles in a row might safely be called great. Fermi then asked how many generals are great. Groves said about three out of every hundred. Fermi conjectured that if the chance of winning one battle is 1/2 then the chance of winning five battles in a row is 1 25 = 1 32 . “So you are right, General, about three out of every hundred. Mathematical probability, not genius.” Similarly to a great general, an ace is a fighter pilot who achieved five or more victories. -
1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe. -
British Identity, the Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 4-2019 A Return to Camelot?: British Identity, The Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image Abby S. Whitlock College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Whitlock, Abby S., "A Return to Camelot?: British Identity, The Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image" (2019). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 1276. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/1276 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Return to Camelot?: British Identity, The Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image Abby Stapleton Whitlock Undergraduate Honors Thesis College of William and Mary Lyon G. Tyler Department of History 24 April 2019 Whitlock !2 Whitlock !3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………….. 4 Introduction …………………………………….………………………………… 5 Chapter I: British Aviation and the Future of War: The Emergence of the Royal Flying Corps …………………………………….……………………………….. 13 Wartime Developments: Organization, Training, and Duties Uniting the Air Services: Wartime Exigencies and the Formation of the Royal Air Force Chapter II: The Cultural Image of the Royal Flying Corps .……….………… 25 Early Roots of the RFC Image: Public Imagination and Pre-War Attraction to Aviation Marketing the “Cult of the Air Fighter”: The Dissemination of the RFC Image in Government Sponsored Media Why the Fighter Pilot? Media Perceptions and Portrayals of the Fighter Ace Chapter III: Shaping the Ideal: The Early Years of Aviation Psychology .….