DOCSLIB.ORG

Bering Land Bridge Official Visitor's Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bering Land Bridge Official Visitor's Guide National Park Service Bering Land Bridge U.S. Department of the Interior Offcial Visitor’s Guide Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Superintendent’s Welcome Dear Friends, Welcome to the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, a little known park unit with a huge story! The preserve, which is just smaller than the state of Connecticut, lies at the heart of continental crossroads that profoundly infuenced the A Bridge to the Past, distribution of life in the Western Hemisphere. Present & Future The park headquarters are in Nome, a rural community of 3,600 residents, which is known for its COMPRISED OF 2.7 MILLION acres on the Seward Peninsula in The preserve protects a signifcant gold rush history, Alaska Native northwest Alaska, Bering Land expanse of land remaining from cultures, and as the end of the Bridge (BELA) is one of the the prehistoric “land bridge,” also famous Iditarod sled dog race. The nation’s most remote national known as Beringia, which spanned preserve is a place where the rich park units. Because of this, from modern-day Asia to North variety of wildlife, fsh, and plants it ofers unparalleled America over 12,000 years have sustained the indigenous opportunities to not ago. The bridge was up people of the region for thousands only experience some to 1,000 miles wide, and of years, and where subsistence is of America’s most was a land mass that essential to the economic, cultural, isolated wildlands, allowed for the exchange and social existence of the region’s but also the rich of human, fora, and people. The villages of Shishmaref, heritage of Alaskan fauna populations Wales and Deering are located right Native cultures, past between continents. As outside the preserve boundary; and present. Visitors the climate warmed at the residents consider the preserve part to the preserve will fnd end of the last ice age, sea of their backyard. themselves in the midst of levels rose and the land mass natural hot springs, ancient was closed of, separating the The story of Beringia and that lava fows, and the largest continents. Today, evidence of ice of the park is near and dear to maar lakes in the world in a land age species and prehistoric human my heart, not only because my still used by local residents in the settlements can be found in the ancestors crossed this land bridge, same way their ancestors have used preserve. but also because my grandmother it for generations. was originally from Russia, and I There are no roads into have relatives who still live in the Bering Land Bridge was Bering Land Bridge, so travel Chukotka region. I am honored established as a National Preserve opportunities can be limited. to be the superintendent of a park on December 2, 1980. This The most common access is by that has played a unique role in the designation enables the land snowmobile, small airplane, boat, history of the Americas. I encourage to be federally protected, but or on foot. With a growing body of you to browse our website, also utilized for public hunting, information about North American utilize this visitor guide, and to gathering, trapping, fshing, and natural history and indigenous contact us for more information. subsistence use. With a coastline cultures, the preserve ofers Igamsiqanaghhalek- Thank you very just 55 miles from Siberia, it is the valuable opportunities for visitors much! westernmost national park unit in to understand and explore the vast the continental United States. wildlands of northwest Alaska. Jeanette Koelsch Superintendent, Bering Land Bridge 1 EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICATM National Preserve 2 Navigate Backcountry Safety & Getting There Subsistence 3 6 Responsibilities 16 4 Prehistory 7 Bear Safety 18 Youth Perspectives 5 Plants and Wildlife 11 Reindeer Herding 19 More Information Maar 13 Lakes 17 Shishmaref 10 Chukchi Sea 8-9 Coast Serpentine Hot Springs 16 Imuruk Wales 14 Lake Imuruk 15 Lava Beds Kuzitrin 12 Lake Nome Park Headquarters 19 Visitor Center Getting Around 3 A herd of reindeer crosses the beach in front of a bush plane The list below provides the contact information for commercial use operators, which offer aircraft transportation services into Bering Land Bridge National Preserve. Commercial Use Operators AIR TAXI Air Juneau, Inc. P O B o x 1 8 4 6 Kenai A K 9 9 6 1 1 9 0 7 - 2 5 2 - 7 8 8 8 [email protected] w w w .huntandfshalaska.net Fox Aircrafts, LLC 6 0 4 9 H a r t Wasilla A K 9 9 6 5 4 9 0 7- 3 0 1- 2 7 7 0 [email protected] Lake Loop www.foxaircraft.com Golden Eagle P O B o x 6 9 2 Delta A K 9 9 7 3 7 9 0 7 - 3 8 8 - 2 2 2 5 [email protected] Outftters, Inc. Junction w w w .alaskawildernessexpeditions.com Arctic Backcountry P O B o x 9 2 4 Kotzebue A K 9 9 7 5 2 9 0 7 - 4 4 2 - 3 2 0 0 [email protected] Flying, LLC w w w .fyera.com Northwestern P O B o x 1 0 1 0 Kotzebue A K 9 9 7 5 2 9 0 7 - 4 4 2 - 3 5 2 5 [email protected] Aviation, Inc. w w w .alaskaonyourown.com Arctic Wild PO Box 80562 Fairbanks AK 99708 907-479-8203 [email protected] www.arcticwild.com BIG GAME TRANSPORT Air Juneau, Inc. P O B o x 1 8 4 6 Kenai A K 9 9 6 1 1 9 0 7 - 2 5 2 - 7 8 8 8 [email protected] w w w .huntandfshalaska.net Golden Eagle P O B o x 6 9 2 Delta A K 9 9 7 3 7 9 0 7 - 3 8 8 - 2 2 2 5 [email protected] Outftters, Inc. Junction w w w .alaskawildernessexpeditions.com Northwestern P O B o x 1 0 1 0 Kotzebue A K 9 9 7 5 2 9 0 7 - 4 4 2 - 3 5 2 5 [email protected] Aviation, Inc. w w w .alaskaonyourown.com BIG GAME GUIDES Wittrock Outfters PO Box Fairbanks AK 99706 907-322-9841 [email protected] 61210 http://www.wittrockoutftters.com/ 4 Prehistory In BriefWHAT MAY APPEAR TODAY TO BE AN immense landscape of fat tundra, lava felds, rolling mountains, oxbow rivers, and shallow lakes, was once the sole terrestrial passage between Asia and the Americas. With seawater frozen up into colossal glaciers, the ocean foor was exposed for thousands of years, long enough for plants, animals, and even humans to move back and forth between the continents. Mammoth vertebra The Last Ice Age found in 2012 This time period is also known as small herd was brought over from climate change is one known the Pleistocene epoch, which lasted Greenland to Nunivak Island in factor. As the climate warmed, from about 2 million to 10,000 southwestern Alaska in the 19 30s, glaciers melted and the sea level years ago. It was a time of extreme and in the 19 70s their descendents rose, cutting of access to Asia and climatic change, where prehistoric were reintroduced to the Seward changing the available resources hippopotamuses lived in a Peninsula. Today the population that so many species relied on for subtropical England, and humans has expanded its range into Bering survival. Although some human crossed the Bering Land Bridge Land Bridge National Preserve. populations were migrating via alongside now-extinct saber- boat along the coast by then, in toothed cats and American lions. It is believed there was no single many ways the two worlds were cause for the ultimate extinction of severed. Other ice age mammals that are so many ice age species, but natural known to have roamed this land Today, climate change continues include woolly mammoths, giant to cause sea levels to rise, further short-faced bears, and steppe submerging the ancient land bison. From cave art and fossil bridge. As the global temperature remains, we know that early warms, sea ice has a harder time humans observed and interacted forming each season and staying with these creatures. Muskox and frozen, so it melts into the oceans, caribou were around during this which causes a domino efect (or time period as well. Muskox did go feedback loop) of continuous locally extinct in some areas, but melting and warming. they survived in other places. A The yellow area indicates the extent of the land mass that made up the 1,000 mile wide Bering Land Bridge Plants and Wildlife 5 Wild Iris Muskox Northern Pintails Plants Far from the barren landscape Wildlife it might appear to be, in Due to its vast nature, it is summertime the tundra is Birds At the crossroads of the Asiatic- possible to stay for days out vibrant with color and plant North American Flyway, over in the backcountry of Bering life, home to over 300 species 170 bird species are known to Land Bridge National Preserve of vascular plants, including migrate up to 20,000 miles every and never see a large mammal, wildfowers, berries, small year to spend the summer in but that doesn’t mean they trees, and shrubs. There are Bering Land Bridge. Visitors aren’t out there. Brown bears, also several hundred more can expect to see a wide muskox, fox, caribou, moose, mosses, fungi, and lichens that variety of raptors, songbirds, wolves, and wolverines all make survive year round. Check out shorebirds, and seabirds as their homes in the preserve, as the plants page on our website well as Asiatic species, sandhill well as a wide variety of other for more info about common cranes, ptarmigan, and tundra small mammals, insects, and species you’ll fnd in Bering swans nesting in the preserve.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Post-Glacial Flooding of the Bering Land Bridge Dated to 11 Cal Ka BP Based on New Geophysical and Sediment Records
    Clim. Past, 13, 991–1005, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Post-glacial flooding of the Bering Land Bridge dated to 11 cal ka BP based on new geophysical and sediment records Martin Jakobsson1, Christof Pearce1,2, Thomas M. Cronin3, Jan Backman1, Leif G. Anderson4, Natalia Barrientos1, Göran Björk4, Helen Coxall1, Agatha de Boer1, Larry A. Mayer5, Carl-Magnus Mörth1, Johan Nilsson6, Jayne E. Rattray1, Christian Stranne1,5, Igor Semiletov7,8, and Matt O’Regan1 1Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark 3US Geological Survey MS926A, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA 4Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden 5Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA 6Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 7Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia 8Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia Correspondence to: Martin Jakobsson ([email protected]) Received: 26 January 2017 – Discussion started: 13 February 2017 Accepted: 1 July 2017 – Published: 1 August 2017 Abstract. The Bering Strait connects the Arctic and Pacific Strait and the submergence of the large Bering Land Bridge. oceans and separates the North American and Asian land- Although the precise rates of sea level rise cannot be quanti- masses. The presently shallow ( ∼ 53 m) strait was exposed fied, our new results suggest that the late deglacial sea level during the sea level lowstand of the last glacial period, which rise was rapid and occurred after the end of the Younger permitted human migration across a land bridge today re- Dryas stadial.
    [Show full text]
  • The Less-Splendid Isolation of the South American Continent
    news and update ISSN 1948-6596 commentary The less-splendid isolation of the South American continent Only few biogeographic scenarios capture the im- lower Central America (Costa Rica) and South agination as much as the closure of the Isthmus of America (northern Colombia), and that some Panama. The establishment of this connection snapping shrimp populations were already split ended the “splendid isolation” of the South Amer- long before the Isthmus had finally closed (most ican continent (Simpson 1980), a continent that between 7–10 mya but some >15 mya). Next to had been unconnected to any other land mass for this, several papers showed that plants also mi- over 50 million years. When the Isthmus rose out grated between North and South America prior to of the water some 3 million years ago (mya) the the closure of the Isthmus (e.g., Erkens et al. 2007, Great American Biotic Interchange started. Since Bacon et al. 2013), although for plants it is difficult terrestrial biotic interchange was no longer to rule out that this happened via long-distance blocked by the Central American Seaway, dispersal. Thus, the new findings of Montes and (asymmetrical) invasion of taxa across this new colleagues fit much better with a wealth of evi- land bridge transformed biodiversity in North as dence from the biological realm that has been well as South America (Leigh et al. 2014). Or so amassed over the last years, than the old model of the story goes. a relatively rapid rise of the Isthmus. A recent paper by Montes et al. (2015) casts If the land-bridge was available much earli- further serious doubt on this scenario from a geo- er to many terrestrial organisms, the question that logical perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Day 2 Social Studies
    Day 2 Social Studies - Read the article "The Earliest Americans" and complete the Build Your Map Skills page and Extinct Animals of North America page. Language Arts - Draw a self-portrait of yourself in the center of a piece of paper. Write a simile that describes parts of yourself. You must have at least 6 similes. For example, I would point to my hair and say "My hair is as red as a tomato." Reminder: a simile is a comparison of two things using like or as. Science- Help! My rose plant is no longer able to carry out photosynthesis, meaning that it can't make its own food anymore. Create an alternate system to keep my rose plant alive . Develop a new system and parts of the plant that will help it be able to obtain nutrients using pictures and descriptions. Math - Look through old magazines and newspapers for 15 numbers that have decimals. Cut out and paste the numbers onto paper in least to greatest order. Use the cut-out numbers to make up five word problems dealing with addition, subtraction, or multiplication. Make a separate key for the problems. Staple the problems and the key to the construction paper. he Earliest Americans. f \ \ Did you ever wonder in what kind of homes the first Americans lived or what kind of food they ate? Anthropologists and archaeologists devote their lives to answering such questions. Anthropologists are scientists who study all aspects of human beings, such as their society and culture. Archaeologists are scientists who use physical evidence and artifacts to analyze human cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • 100,000–11,000 Years Ago 75°
    Copyrighted Material GREENLAND ICE SHEET 100,000–11,000 years ago 75° the spread of modern humans Berelekh 13,400–10,600 B ( E around the world during A ALASKA la R I ) SCANDINAVIAN n I e Bluefish Cave d N Arctic Circle G g 16,000 d ICE SHEET b G the ice age N i 25,000–10,000 r r i I d I b g e A R d Ice ) E n -fr SIBERIA a Dry Creek e l e B c All modern humans are descended from populations of ( o 35,000 Dyuktai Cvae 13,500 rri do 18,000 r Homo sapiens that lived in Africa c. 200,000 years ago. op LAURENTIDE en s ICE SHEET 1 Malaya Sya Around 60,000 years ago a small group of humans left 4 CORDILLERAN ,0 Cresswell 34,000 0 Africa and over the next 50,000 years its descendants 0 ICE SHEET – Crags 1 2 14,000 colonized all the world’s other continents except Antarctica, ,0 Wally’s Beach 0 Paviland Cave Mal’ta 0 EUROPE Mezhirich Mladecˇ in the process replacing all other human species. These 13,000–11,000 y 29,000 Denisova Cave 24,000 . 15,000 a 33,000 45,000 . Kostenki 41,000 migrations were aided by low sea levels during glaciations, Willendorf 40,000 Lascaux 41,700–39,500 which created land bridges linking islands and continents: Kennewick Cro Magnon 17,000 9,300 45° humans were able to reach most parts of the world on foot. Spirit 30,000 Cave Meadowcroft Altamira It was in this period of initial colonization of the globe that 10,600 Rockshelter 14,000 16,000 Lagar Velho Hintabayashi Tianyuan JAPAN modern racial characteristics evolved.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 4 EARLY SOCIETIES in the AMERICAS and OCEANIA 69 G 11/ F of M C \I C O ' C Hi Ch~N B A
    n early September of the year 683 C. E., a Maya man named Chan Bahlum grasped a sharp obsidian knife and cut three deep slits into the skin of his penis. He insert­ ed into each slit a strip of paper made from beaten tree bark so as to encourage a continuing flow of blood. His younger brother Kan Xu I performed a similar rite, and other members of his family also drew blood from their own bodies. The bloodletting observances of September 683 c.E. were political and religious rituals, acts of deep piety performed as Chan Bahlum presided over funeral services for his recently deceased father, Pacal, king of the Maya city of Palenque in the Yu­ catan peninsula. The Maya believed that the shedding of royal blood was essential to the world's survival. Thus, as Chan Bahlum prepared to succeed his father as king of Palenque, he let his blood flow copiously. Throughout Mesoamerica, Maya and other peoples performed similar rituals for a millennium and more. Maya rulers and their family members regularly spilled their own blood. Men commonly drew blood from the penis, like Chan Bahlum, and women often drew from the tongue. Both sexes occasionally drew blood also from the earlobes, lips, or cheeks, and they sometimes increased the flow by pulling long, thick cords through their wounds. According to Maya priests, the gods had shed their own blood to water the earth and nourish crops of maize, and they expected human beings to honor them by imitating their sacrifice. By spilling human blood the Maya hoped to please the gods and ensure that life-giving waters would bring bountiful harvests to their fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Beringia Vocabulary
    Beringia Vocabulary 1) artifact--an object made by humans, such as a tool The term Beringia refers to the 1,000-mile long landmass th2a) t acrocnhnaecotloegdy A--sthiae astnudd yN oofr thhis Atomrice raicnad 1pr0e,h0i0s0to-r2ic5 ,000 years ago. Duringp tehoisp lteime, glaciers up to two miles thick covered large parts of North America, Europe and Asia. T3h)e ppaelerioondt owloagsy -c-athllee dst uthdey Pofl eeiasrtloyc leifen eb yIc loeo Akigneg. aSt ome very dry areas weforess iiclse-free during this time. Much of the Earth's water was locked up in the glaciers. Because of th4i)s psereah ilsetvoerilc d--rao pppeeridod s oigfn timficea bnetlfyo, ruep w troit t3e0n0 o fre et! Some areas that are now urencdoerrd weda theisr tboerycame dry land. The result was an intermittent land bridge stretching between 5) fossil--the remains, impression, imprint or bone of the two cao nlivtiinge nthtsin ugnder the present day Bering and Chukchi Seas. Scientists believe that Beringia was at its w6id) e esxtt ipnoctin--ta a sbpoeuctie 1s5 t,h0a0t 0h ayse adriesd a oguot., Anolt hloonuggehr icna lled a "bridge," the leaxnisdt ewnacse really a broad, grassy plain, which many animals stopped to feed on. 7) Pleistocene-- 2 million to 10,000 years ago Beringia The term Beringia refers to the 1,000-mile long landmass 1t0h,a0t0 c0o tnon 2e5c,t0e0d0 A yseiar asn adg No,o drtuhr inAgm teheri cpae r1io0d,0 k0n0o-w2n5 ,a0s0 0th e Pyleeaisrtso caegnoe. IDceu rAingge ,t hgilsa ctiiemrse ,u gpl atoc itewros mupile tso tthwicok mcoilveesr ethdi clakr ge pcaorvtse oref dN olartrhg eA mpaerrtisc ao, fE Nuorortphe ,A amned rAicsaia, Eaundro mpeu cahn odf Athseia e.a rth's wTahter pwearsio ldo cwkaeds ucpa lilne dth teh eg laPcleieirsst.o Tcheen es eIcae le Avegle d.
    [Show full text]
  • World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [And Student Guide]
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 462 784 EC 308 847 AUTHOR Schaap, Eileen, Ed.; Fresen, Sue, Ed. TITLE World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [and Student Guide]. Parallel Alternative Strategies for Students (PASS). INSTITUTION Leon County Schools, Tallahassee, FL. Exceptibnal Student Education. SPONS AGENCY Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 841p.; Course No. 2109310. Part of the Curriculum Improvement Project funded under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B. AVAILABLE FROM Florida State Dept. of Education, Div. of Public Schools and Community Education, Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services, Turlington Bldg., Room 628, 325 West Gaines St., Tallahassee, FL 32399-0400. Tel: 850-488-1879; Fax: 850-487-2679; e-mail: cicbisca.mail.doe.state.fl.us; Web site: http://www.leon.k12.fl.us/public/pass. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom - Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF05/PC34 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Accommodations (Disabilities); *Academic Standards; Curriculum; *Disabilities; Educational Strategies; Enrichment Activities; European History; Greek Civilization; Inclusive Schools; Instructional Materials; Latin American History; Non Western Civilization; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides; *Teaching Methods; Textbooks; Units of Study; World Affairs; *World History IDENTIFIERS *Florida ABSTRACT This teacher's guide and student guide unit contains supplemental readings, activities,
    [Show full text]
  • Review Unit #2 Early Man and River Civilizations
    Review Unit #2 Early Man and River Civilizations Early Man Hunters and Gatherers: During the Paleolithic Stage (Old Stone Age) people wandered behind herds of animals in search of food. The men generally hunted – the women generally gathered berries, nuts, roots, etc. Migration: - Current evidence points to the earliest people having lived in Africa. - They migrated (moved) to other places in the world. - Native Americans migrated across a land bridge from Asia to North America. Cultural Diffusion: - As people migrated and settled together, their ideas mixed. - Trade also caused cultural diffusion. Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Revolution: The change from hunting and gathering to herding and planting. Results of Neolithic Revolution: o Permanent Villages - People built homes and settled together in permanent villages. o New Technology - People had the time to develop new tools and ideas to meet their needs. o Specialization of jobs - Less people were needed to produce food. Some people took on new roles (jobs). Civilizations: - As villages became more developed, some turned into civilizations. - Civilizations can be identified by having certain things: - urban areas (cities) - a writing system - organized economy - an organized government (laws) River Valley Civilizations Why river valleys were great locations to start a civilization: Irrigation: water for crops and human use Annual Flooding: supplied fertile soil for crops each year Transportation: allowed for trade and cultural diffusion Food Supply: fish and other items –
    [Show full text]
  • The Bering Land Bridge: a Moisture Barrier to the Dispersal of Steppe–Tundra Biota?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Quaternary Science Reviews 27 (2008) 2473–2483 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev The Bering Land Bridge: a moisture barrier to the dispersal of steppe–tundra biota? Scott A. Elias*, Barnaby Crocker Geography Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK article info abstract Article history: The Bering Land Bridge (BLB) connected the two principal arctic biological refugia, Western and Eastern Received 14 April 2008 Beringia, during intervals of lowered sea level in the Pleistocene. Fossil evidence from lowland BLB Received in revised form 9 September 2008 organic deposits dating to the Last Glaciation indicates that this broad region was dominated by shrub Accepted 11 September 2008 tundra vegetation, and had a mesic climate. The dominant ecosystem in Western Beringia and the interior regions of Eastern Beringia was steppe–tundra, with herbaceous plant communities and arid climate. Although Western and Eastern Beringia shared many species in common during the Late Pleistocene, there were a number of species that were restricted to only one side of the BLB. Among the vertebrate fauna, the woolly rhinoceros was found only to the west of the BLB, North American camels, bonnet-horned musk-oxen and some horse species were found only to the east of the land bridge. These were all steppe–tundra inhabitants, adapted to grazing. The same phenomenon can be seen in the insect faunas of the Western and Eastern Beringia.
    [Show full text]
  • Bering Land National Preserve Junior Ranger Book
    Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Junior Ranger Bok Want to Become a Junior Ranger? As a Junior Ranger at Bering Land Bridge National Preserve you will have fun learning, discovering, and exploring the history, wildlife, and culture of the Preserve and the Seward Peninsula. Instructions: To receive a colorful patch and certifcate honoring your achievements please complete this activity book according to your age. If you are between 6 – 9 years old complete at least 6 activities. If you are 10 years old and older complete at least 8 activities. Once you are done, send your booklet to Bering Land Bridge National Preserve PO BOX 220 Nome, AK 99762. Lok for interesting facts and at -home activities you can do from Ranger Mason at the botom of each page. Nome, Alaska Name: If you are in Nome, check out the Bering Land Bridge Visitor Center and stamp your Jr. Ranger book in the small circle. If you aren’t, create your own stamp! Fill in the squares with the date you fnished your book in the larger circle. Lok for bonus activities at the botom of the page! You may find fun ideas you can do with the rest of your family! Index: Section 1: The National Park Service ....... 3 Section 2: Archaeology & History ............... 6 Section 3: The Ice Age Animals .................... 9 Section 4: Wildlife Adaptations .................. 12 Section 5: Climate Change ........................... 15 Section 6: Amazing Plants ........................... 18 Section 7: Be a Survivor .............................. 21 Section 8: Tradition & Culture ................... 24 Section 9: More Fun Stuf ........................... 27 Check out the extra pages in the back of this boklet! Use your imagination to continue 2 exploring, learning, and protecting! Section 1: The National Park Service “The service thus established shall promote and regulate the use of the Federal areas known as national parks ...
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring an Oceanic Influence on the Peopling Of
    EXPLORING AN OCEANIC INFLUENCE ON THE PEOPLING OF SOUTH AMERICA An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by DANIELLE MANLEY Submitted to the Undergraduate Research Scholars program at Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as an UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Research Advisor: Dr. Sheela Athreya May 2018 Major: Anthropology English TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 1 Literature Review .............................................................................................................. 1 Thesis Statement ............................................................................................................... 2 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTERS I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ............................................................... 4 II. THE BERINGIAN MODEL: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ........................... 7 Clovis technology ................................................................................................. 8 Pre-Clovis sites ..................................................................................................... 8 Ice-free corridor .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Entering America Northeast Asia and the Beringia Before the Last Glacial
    Search Go Subject, Author, Title or Keyword Home Entering America New/Forthcoming Titles Northeast Asia and the Beringia Before the Last Glacial Maximum Buy Online $50.00 Press Information -- Select -- Edited by D. B. Madsen 400 pp., 6 x 9 Subject Categories 104 illustrations Cloth $50.00 Series ISBN 0-87480-786-7 Archaeology / Anthropology Complete Backlist Where did the first Americans come from and when did they get here? That basic question of American Contact Us archaeology, long thought to have been solved, is re-emerging as a critical issue as the number of well- excavated sites dating to pre-Clovis times increases. It now seems possible that small populations of human 0 Items foragers entered the Americas prior to the creation of the continental glacial barrier. While the archaeological and paleoecological aspects of a post-glacial entry have been well studied, there is little work available on the possibility of a pre-glacial entry. Entering America seeks to fill that void by providing the most up-to-date information on the nature of environmental and cultural conditions in northeast Asia and Beringia (the Bering land bridge) immediately prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Because the peopling of the New World is a question of international archaeological interest, this volume will be important to specialists and nonspecialists alike. “Provides the most up-to-date information on a topic of lasting interest.” —C. Melvin Aikens, University of Oregon D. B. Madsen is a research associate at the Division of Earth and Ecosystem Science, Desert Research Institute, Reno, and at the Texas Archaeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin.
    [Show full text]