Islam& Christendom

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Islam& Christendom ISLAM ISLAM Naar schatting hangen vier miljard mensen een vorm van de islam of het christendom aan. Dat is meer dan de helft van de huidige wereldbevolking. De twee wereldreligies delen een geschiedenis van bijna 1400 jaar, en kwamen & in zeer diverse regio’s met elkaar in contact . De tien bijdragen in dit boek be- CHRISTENDOM slaan de hele historische periode en een groot deel van de geogra sche ruim- te van de ontelbare vormen van samenwerking en con ict, die die gedeelde geschiedenis laat zien: van de invloed van het christendom op het ontstaan van de islam tot de situatie van christelijke minderheden in het huidige Syrië en Irak. Tien specialisten bieden capita selecta aan uit die rijke geschiedenis: zij behandelen niet alleen puur religieuze onderwerpen zoals de religieuze dialoog, maar ook de invloed van de twee religies op loso e, taalkunde, eco- nomie en politiek. Zij focussen telkens op een andere regio en een andere periode, gaande van de vroege middeleeuwen, over de Kruistochten, tot de samenlevingsvormen en con icten in het middeleeuwse islamitisch Andalu- sië of al-Andalus, de Balkan onder Ottomaans bestuur of het contemporai- ne Midden-Oosten. Het boek besteedt ook aandacht aan de manier waarop PRAET DANNY wetenschappers deze geschiedenis geschreven hebben, zoals in de beroemde these van Henri Pirenne, de Belgische historicus. Op die manier bieden de auteurs een waardevolle inleiding op een wisselwerking met een enorme im- pact op de geschiedenis en op de actualiteit. Het boek is de neerslag van de lezingenreeks / permanente vorming christen- dom georganiseerd door het CSCT (Centrum voor de Studie van Christelij- ke Tradities) van de Universiteit Gent. DANNY PRAET is hoogleraar aan de UGent. Hij doceert er geschiedenis & van het christendom en antieke en middeleeuwse wijsbegeerte en organiseert JAN JAN NELIS de lezingenreeksen van het CSCT. Hij publiceerde recent bij VUBPRESS een bundel getiteld Philosophy of War and Peace. JAN NELIS was postdoctoraal onderzoeker aan de UGent (CSCT) tot 2014 DANNY PRAET en aan de ULB tot 2017. Hij is expert in de betrekkingen tussen Kerk en Staat JAN NELIS (red.) onder het fascisme en het nazisme, en publiceerde recent het overzichtswerk met ISLAM& C. Sägesser en J.-Ph. Schreiber, Religion and Secularism in the European Union. ASPEDITIONS.BE CHRISTENDOM 9 789057 187223 ASP_DP_I&C_def.indd 1 26/04/18 10:24 Islam & christendom Islam & christendom.indd 1 26/04/18 09:49 Islam & christendom.indd 2 26/04/18 09:49 Danny Praet & Jan Nelis (red.) Islam & christendom Islam & christendom.indd 3 26/04/18 09:49 Omslagontwerp: Jan Hendrickx Omslagbeeld: Mehmet de Veroveraar en patriarch Gennadius II, mozaïek in het oecumenisch patriarchaat van Constantinopel. (Met dank aan het patriarchaat.) Boekverzorging: theSWitch, Antwerpen © 2018 Uitgeverij VUBPRESS VUBPRESS is een imprint van ASP nv (Academic and Scientific Publishers nv) Keizerslaan 34 B-1000 Brussel Tel. + 32 (0) 2 289 26 56 Fax + 32 (0) 2 289 26 59 E-mail [email protected] www.vubpress.be ISBN 978 90 5718 722 3 NUR 730 / 732 / 705 Wettelijk depot D/2018/11.161/017 Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm, op elektronische of welke andere wijze ook zonder voorafgaande, schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever Islam & christendom.indd 4 26/04/18 09:49 Inhoudstafel Inleiding Danny Praet 7 Maria, Jezus en de keten van revelaties en profeten. Een hypothese wat de Koran doet met de protagonisten van het christendom, vanuit welke mogelijke gronden en met welk effect Caroline Janssen 19 Henri Pirennes Mahomet et Charlemagne: de islam als breuklijn tussen oudheid en middeleeuwen Sarah Keymeulen en Marc Boone 127 Islamitische en christelijke middeleeuwse wijsbegeerte: invloeden en polemieken Danny Praet 155 De Derde Kruistocht in context: paradoxen, nieuwsgierigheid en voortleven Jonathan Phillips 195 Multiculturele samenleving in al-Andalus: wat zeggen de historische bronnen? Xavier Luffin 219 Cusanus en de islam – het utopisch pragmatisme van de 15e eeuw Inigo Bocken 233 Islam & christendom.indd 5 26/04/18 09:49 Religieuze coëxistentie in het Osmaanse Rijk, 1300-1600 Hilmi Kaçar 251 Christendom en islam op de Balkan Raymond Detrez 269 Christendom en islam in Ottomaans Cappadocië Mark Janse 289 Christenen in het Midden-Oosten en de wereld van de islam Herman Teule 305 Appendix: overzicht christelijke gemeenschappen Midden-Oosten 323 Islam & christendom.indd 6 26/04/18 09:49 Inleiding Danny Praet De lezingen waarvan dit boek de neerslag vormt, werden georganiseerd door het Gentse Centrum voor de Studie van Christelijke Tradities. Het CSCT heeft expliciet deze naam, met het meervoud ‘tradities’, gekozen omdat het beter de diversiteit binnen de geschiedenis van het christendom tot uiting brengt dan de titel van dit CSCT-boek laat vermoeden. Het woord ‘tradities’ slaat niet zozeer op overleveringen of traditionele gebruiken, maar wel op de verschillende stro- mingen die het christendom eigenlijk van in het prille begin heeft gekend en nog steeds kent. Wanneer men een vergelijking maakt – in historische zin – tussen antieke, middeleeuwse of moderne vormen van christendom, of wanneer men een hedendaags Armeens christen vergelijkt met een Duitse lutheraan, een Fili- pijnse katholiek plaatst naast een lid van een Amerikaans Pinkstergenootschap, dan beseft men snel dat ‘het’ christendom een enorme diversiteit laat zien: soms blijft er maar een zeer smalle gemeenschappelijke basis over. Hetzelfde geldt voor ‘de’ islam, die ook enorm geëvolueerd en gediversifieerd is door de eeuwen heen en over de verschillende continenten. Iedereen kent de verschillen tussen de sjiitische en de soennitische islam: een schisma dat reeds dertig jaar na de dood van Mohammed tot stand is gekomen. De versies en varianten zijn blijven groeien. De titel van dit boek klinkt dus essentialistischer dan de auteurs het eigenlijk bedoelen, maar deze inleiding laat toe dit meteen te verhelderen. We waarschuwen de lezer ook meteen dat dit boek onmogelijk alle christelijke en islamitische tradities kan behandelen. Raymond Detrez geeft in het begin van zijn hoofdstuk over christendom en islam op de Balkan zelf een lijst van niet-be- handelde onderwerpen. Voor elk hoofdstuk en elk onderwerp dat de auteurs in dit boek wel bespreken, zijn er tientallen onderwerpen, periodes en regio’s die we niet konden bespreken. We geven maar een paar voorbeelden: de invloed van islamitische wetenschap en technologie op het christelijke Westen, de verhou- dingen tussen Russisch-Orthodoxe christenen en de Tataarse moslims tijdens de overheersing door de Gouden Horde in de 13e tot 15e eeuw, de positie van mos- lims in Nederlands koloniaal Indonesië, Koptische christenen onder islamitisch bestuur in Egypte, christenen en moslims in zwart Afrika, the Nation of Islam in de Verenigde Staten ... de mogelijke onderwerpen zijn vrijwel eindeloos in de 1400 jaren dat deze twee wereldreligies naast elkaar hebben bestaan, dus dit boek pretendeert niet exhaustief te zijn. Islam & christendom.indd 7 26/04/18 09:49 8 ISLAM & CHRISTENDOM Het boek had nog dikker kunnen zijn indien we niet zozeer over christendom maar over christenheid en islam zouden spreken. Zowel in het Nederlands als in het Frans of het Engels maakt men een onderscheid tussen christendom als godsdienst (christianism, christianity ...) en christenheid (chrétienté, christen- dom ...) dat de regio aanduidt waar de religie dominant is of geweest is. In de islam heeft men gelijkaardige concepten met dar al-islam (‘huis van de islam’) en dar al-harb (‘huis van de oorlog’), waarbij de laatste uitdrukking een restant is van de beginperiode waarin de islamieten een spectaculaire militaire expansie wisten te realiseren. De dar al-hudna of het ‘huis van het bestand’ is later inge- voerd als een soort tussencategorie toen men begon te beseffen dat het vrij onre- alistisch was om de hele wereld te willen veroveren. Maar dit boek kan dus elke interactie in de islamitische of de christelijke, casu quo post-christelijke wereld bespreken. België en Noordwest-Europa in het algemeen zijn sterk geseculari- seerd, maar behoren wel tot de historische christenheid vanuit geografisch oog- punt. Dit boek gaat toch in eerste instantie over de twee godsdiensten. Daarom hebben we geen hoofdstuk opgenomen over bijvoorbeeld moslimmigranten in België of het statuut van de islam in de Belgische politiek, het recht of het onder- wijs, omdat het hier gaat om de wisselwerking tussen een godsdienst en een – in principe – geseculariseerde staat. Binnen deze keuzes en binnen de beperkingen van omvang en expertise, hebben wij getracht een zinvolle verzameling samen te stellen van tien capita selecta uit de rijke geschiedenis van de interactie tussen christendom en islam. Ten eerste bestrijkt het boek wel alle relevante historische periodes: van het prille begin tot het heden. Ook komen verschillende geogra- fische ruimtes aan bod, van Andalusië, over de Balkan, tot Turkije en het Mid- den-Oosten. Heel wat boeken over de wisselwerking tussen christendom en islam zijn eigenlijk veeleer eurocentrisch. Hugh Goddard schreef bijvoorbeeld het veel gelezen A history of Christian-Muslim relations,1 maar besprak daarin vooral de manier waarop Noord-West-Europa in contact kwam met de islam, van de inva- sie van Spanje, in 711, tot het postkoloniale tijdperk, maar met weinig tot geen aandacht voor andere perspectieven zoals dat van de ‘autochtone’ christenen in het Midden-Oosten. Onder meer door de recente lotgevallen
Recommended publications
  • The Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion: Two Case Studies
    THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS by Hüsamettin ŞİMŞİR Submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Sabancı University June 2018 © Hüsamettin Şimşir 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS Hüsamettin Şimşir M.A Thesis, June 2018 Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Fac. Member Ferenc Péter Csirkés This thesis aims to present an analysis of the interaction between Christians and Muslims in the west of Asia Minor at the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th centuries after two religious-social movements in the Byzantine and the Rum Seljuk Empires, the Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion. After the unsuccessful rebellion of the Babais, antinomian dervishes who had migrated to the west of Asia Minor because of a heavy oppression as well as inquisition by the state and had a different religious belief apart from the mainstream religious understanding of the center initiated missionary activities in the regions along the Byzantine border. Accordingly, these dervishes had joined the military activities of the Turcoman chieftains against the Byzantines and interacted with the local Christian population and religious figures. As a result of this religious interaction, messianic and ascetic beliefs were increasingly present among the Greek-speaking population as well as spiritual leaders of western Anatolia. Since such interfaith and cross- cultural interaction had a considerable impact on the course of all these events, this thesis focuses on them to create a better understanding of the appearance of the Hesychasm in the Byzantine spiritual environment in the later period.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronicle of Michael the Syrian and the Armenian Version (1248): a Textual Comparison
    The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians Translated from Classical Armenian by Robert Bedrosian For Reverend Father Krikor Vardapet Maksoudian, who taught me the language Sources of the Armenian Tradition (Long Branch, N.J., 2013) This work is in the public domain. It may be copied and distributed freely. Maps: From Atlas Antiquus (Berlin, 1869) by Heinrich Kiepert: Asia Minor and Neighbors Syria Mesopotamia Greater Cappadocia Armenia and Neighbors Additional maps are available on the Maps page. Chronological tables are available on the Chronological Tables page. Translator's Preface Composite 1871 Edition 1870 Edition 1871 Edition (below) The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians The following Table of Contents for the Composite 1871 edition was created for the convenience of readers and is not part of the Armenian text. Author's Preface Sources Problems of Chronology Adam Seth Jared; Mt. Hermon Chaldean Kings Methusaleh Noah Sons of Noah and Their Lands Tower of Babel The Amazons Rulers of Babylon Abraham Shamiram (Semiramis) Jacob Moses Exodus Judges Saul Solomon The Queen of Sheba and Her Riddles Rulers after Solomon Tiglathpilesar Shalmaneser Darius, Daniel, Cyrus Xerxes, B.C. 486-465 Persian Kings Alexander, B.C. 356-323 Ptolemy, B.C. 323-285 Translators of the Bible Haykazean Kings Maccabees, B.C. 167-160 138 B.C. 90 B.C. Genealogy of Herod Barzaphran Julius Caesar, B.C. 100-44 Herod's Rule over the Jews Cleopatra, reigned B.C. 51-30 Birth of Jesus Coming of the Magi Selection of the Apostles Selection of the Disciples Philo, Jewish Sects Abgar, King of Edessa Claudius, A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • From Huns Into Persians: the Projected Identity of the Turks in the Byzantine Rhetoric of Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
    From Huns into Persians: The Projected Identity of the Turks in the Byzantine Rhetoric of Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries By Roman Shliakhtin Supervisor: Daniel Ziemann, Niels Gaul Submitted to the Medieval Studies Department Central European University, Budapest In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Medieval Studies CEU eTD Collection Budapest 2016 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor professor Niels Gaul who fostered my talents and supported me. His care and trust helped me to overcome many obstacles I met on the way and stimulated me to challenge my own limits and systematize my results. I express gratitude to my supervisor Daniel Ziemann and to the pre-defense committee members Volker Menze and Tijana Krstic. I also thank my first teacher Rustam Shukurov who encouraged me to start the project in 2007 and keeps supporting me with his friendship and advice up to the present day. I thank my colleagues and friends Mariana Bodnaruk, Marijana Vukovic, Andras Kraft and Divna Manolova who read parts of this dissertation at the later stage. I express my gratitude to my mentor and the former head of the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Studies Program, professor Michael Maas who commented on the methodology of the project. I also thank Head of the PhD Program Alice Choyke and PhD Coordinator Csilla Dobos for their patience and help. I express my appreciation to the following specialists for sharing their expertise and providing feedback on my project: Mary Cunningham, Leslie Brubaker, Michael Jeffreys, Elizabeth Jeffreys, Michael Angold, Mark Whittow, Ingella Nilsson, Ruth Macrides and Paul Magdalino.
    [Show full text]
  • Horasan'dan Anadolu'ya Irfan Geleneği: Elvan Çelebi
    ULUSLARARASI HORASAN’DAN ANADOLU’YA İRFAN GELENEĞİ: ELVAN ÇELEBİ SEMPOZYUMU 02-04 EKİM 2020 INTERNATIONAL ‘‘IRFAN’’ TRADITION FROM KHORASAN TO ANATOLIA : ELVAN CHELEBI SYMPOSIUM / 02-04 OCTOBER 2020 BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI PAPER ABSTRACT BOOK Editörler / Editors Doç. Dr. Zekeriya IŞIK Öğr. Gör. Tuğba GÜLEN Çorum, 2020 ‚‚ INTERNATIONAL ‘‘IRFAN TRADITION FROM KHORASAN TO ANATOLIA : ELVAN CHELEBI SYMPOSIUM / 02-04 OCTOBER 2020 PAPER ABSTRACT BOOK Bu bildiri kitabının her hakkı saklıdır. Bu yayının tümü veya hiçbir bölümü önceden izin alınmaksızın çoğaltılamaz, basılıp yayınlanamaz, kaynak gösterilmeden alıntı yapılamaz. Bu yayında yer alan bidirilerde öne sürülen her türlü görüş ve sorumluluk yazarlarına aittir. Bildiri özetleri sempozyum programına göre sıralanmıştır. ISBN 978-605-5244-16-3 İsteme Adresi Gazi Caddesi No: 99 19169 Çorum / TÜRKİYE Tel. : 0364 222 15 55-56 Faks : 0364 222 15 58 Grafik & Tasarım Bir Medya Yeniyol Mh. Gazi Sk. No: 9/13 Çorum Tel. : 0364 225 66 64 www.birmedya.net Çorum, 2020 II ULUSLARARASI HORASAN’DAN ANADOLU’YA İRFAN GELENEĞİ: ELVAN ÇELEBİ SEMPOZYUMU / 02-04 EKİM 2020 BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI ONUR KURULU HONORARY BOARD Mustafa ÇİFTÇİ Çorum Valisi / Governor of Corum Dr. Halil İbrahim AŞGIN Çorum Belediye Başkanı / Mayor of Corum Prof. Dr. Ali Osman ÖZTÜRK Hitit Üniversitesi Rektörü / Rector of Hitit University Prof. Dr. Birol ÇETİN Türk Tarih Kurumu Başkanı / President of the Turkish Historical Society DÜZENLEME KURULU BAŞKANI CHAIRMAN OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Doç. Dr. Zekeriya IŞIK DÜZENLEME KURULU SEMPOZYUM CORGANIZING COMMITUTE Prof. Dr. Seyfullah KARA Prof. Dr. Halil İbrahim ŞİMŞEK Prof. Dr. Ahmet TAŞĞIN Doç. Dr. Mustafa Tolga ÇIRAK Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Erol KUYMA Dr. Öğr.
    [Show full text]
  • Dânişmendnâme'de Trabzon Trebizond In
    Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi The Journal of International Social Research Cilt: 6 Sayı: 28 Volume: 6 Issue: 28 Güz 2013 Fall 2013 www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307-9581 DÂNİŞMENDNÂME’DE TRABZON TREBIZOND IN DANISHMENDNAMA Ergin AYAN * Öz Dâni şmend Gâzî’nin Niksar’ı merkez edinerek, çevresinde giri şmi ş oldu ğu fetih hareketleri, bu bölgelerin Trabzon’a ba ğlılı ğı nedeniyle, onu Trabzon dukalarıyla kar şı kar şıya getirmi ştir. Melik Ahmed Dâni şmend Gâzî, Niksar ve çevresini alarak burayı kendisine merkez yapmı ş, kendisine kar şı olu şturulan Rum, Ermeni, Gürcü ittifakıyla, Trabzon Rumlarını da bir çok kez ma ğlup etmi ştir. Bu nedenle Dâni şmendnâme adlı destansı eserde, Dâni şmendlilerin Trabzon ile ili şkileri önemli bir yer tutar. Bu çalı şmada Dâni şmend Gâzî’nin Trabzon’un Hıristiyan beyleriyle olan ili şkileri hakkındaki tarihi ve yarı destansı haberler, mümkün oldu ğu nisbette di ğer tarihi kaynaklarla da kar şıla ştırılmak suretiyle aktarılmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Trabzon, Dâni şmendnâme, Gavarıs. Abstract Danishmend Ghazi’s wars of conquest around his center Niksar made him come face to face with Trebizond dukes because they were the rulers of that provinces. Melik [Prince] Ahmed Danishmend Ghazi, conquested Niksar and surroundings and made her his own center. Danishmend Ghazi’s struggled succesfully with Greek, Armenian and Georgian alliance and also with Greeks of Trebizond. Because of this, at the epic source called Danishmendnama , relations between Danishmends and Trebizond takes a lot of space. At this study, relations between Danishmend Gazi and Christian rulers of Trebizond given from Danishmendnama and revealed information had been cross checked by other historical sources.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 X 10 Long.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83231-1 - The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492 Edited by Jonathan Shepard Index More information INDEX NOTE: Page references in italics refer to maps or illustrations. Material within entries is arranged predominantly alphabetically, although some of the longer entries begin with a chronologically-ordered section, to help orient the reader. Footnotes are only referred to where the subject is not mentioned in the corresponding page of the text. Personal names of Byzantines and other individuals in the early and middle periods are generally listed by first name followed by family name (for example, John Skylitzes rather than Skylitzes, John). For the later period, some (mainly western) individuals are listed by surname (for example, Dandolo, Enrico). Entries for commonly occurring first names are sequenced thus: Byzantine emperors, patriarchs of Constantinople, popes, and then all others in alphabetical order. Aachen 417, 552–3; map 396 Acacius, bishop of Melitene 165 Abaqa, Ilkhan 722 Acciaiuoli, Antonio, duke of Athens 840 Abas Bagratuni, magistros 355 Acciaiuoli, Giovanni, archbishop of Patras 839 al-‘Abbas bin al-Ma’mun 391 Acciaiuoli, Nerio 839–40 al-‘Abbas bin al-Walid 385 Acciaiuoli, Niccolo` 839 Abbasid dynasty 386–92, 881; and Armenia 300, Acciaiuoli family 838, 839–40 348; and Byzantium 392–3, 493, 496; caliphs acclamations 398, 512, 604 917; inception 255–6, 365, 386; jihad 386–7, Acerenza 568; map 561 392–3; and Mongols 721; move capital to Achaemenids 139, 140, 881 Baghdad
    [Show full text]
  • In Pursuit of Herds Or Land? Nomads, Peasants and Pastoral Economies in Anatolia from a Regional Perspective 1600-1645
    IN PURSUIT OF HERDS OR LAND? NOMADS, PEASANTS AND PASTORAL ECONOMIES IN ANATOLIA FROM A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1600-1645 by ONUR USTA A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies School of History and Cultures University of Birmingham November 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The documentary evidence used in this dissertation has been drawn from the Ottoman court records and it is complemented by the data derıved from the fiscal registers. This dissertation adopted a case-study approach to allow a deeper insight into the complexities of the rural history of Ottoman Anatolia in the first half of the seventeenth century. These complexities are more related to the methodological approaches which are based on the adaptation of the purported theories about ‘the general crisis of the seventeenth century’ to Ottoman history. Such misinterpretations put the contention that a set of social, economic and ecological challenges associated with the Little Ice Age put a lot of serious strains on the Ottoman state and society during the seventeenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Nations.Txt 3/25/2010 the Most Famous Ruler of This Country Won The
    12_Nations.txt 3/25/2010 The most famous ruler of this country won the Battle of Velbuzd in 1330 and married a princess of the nation defeated there, Helen. Theodore Metochites arranged the marriage of the five-year-old princess Simonis to one ruler of this country. One ruler of this country changed his title after capturing Serres, and a despot of Serres, John Ugljesa (oog-lye- sha), joined his brother in defeat at the battle of Chernomen. That leader, Vukashin, had a son who died at the battle of Rovine while allied with Mircea (meer-chuh) the Old of Wallachia. The most famous ruler of this land had the sobriquet "Silni," promulgated the Zakonik and allied with the Byzantine pretender John Cantacuzenus before conquering Albania and Macedonia. That king was succeeded by his son Urosh, and himself succeeded his father Milutin. Famously ruled by Stefan Dushan, under prince Lazar Hrebeljanovic it would suffer defeat by the Ottomans at the field of Kosovo. FTP, name this country whose modern day capital is Belgrade. Answer: Serbia (08Terrapin) This kingdom broke the treaty of Tudilen when its king James I conquered Caudete and Villena. This kingdom was founded by the son of Sancho the Great, Ramiro I, who added to it the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. In 1591, Felipe II invaded this kingdom so as to suppress a revolt there. Alfonso V of this kingdom conquered Naples and Sardinia in the 15th century, and Alfonso I conquered Zaragoza, which became its capital. Its fueros were abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees of Philip V, as punishment for siding with Charles VI in the War of the Spanish Succession.
    [Show full text]
  • Horasan'dan Anadolu'ya Irfan Geleneği: Elvan Çelebi
    ULUSLARARASI HORASAN’DAN ANADOLU’YA İRFAN GELENEĞİ: ELVAN ÇELEBİ SEMPOZYUMU 02-04 EKİM 2020 INTERNATIONAL ‘‘IRFAN’’ TRADITION FROM KHORASAN TO ANATOLIA : ELVAN CHELEBI SYMPOSIUM / 02-04 OCTOBER 2020 BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI PAPER ABSTRACT BOOK Editörler / Editors Doç. Dr. Zekeriya IŞIK Öğr. Gör. Tuğba GÜLEN Çorum, 2020 ‚‚ INTERNATIONAL ‘‘IRFAN TRADITION FROM KHORASAN TO ANATOLIA : ELVAN CHELEBI SYMPOSIUM / 02-04 OCTOBER 2020 PAPER ABSTRACT BOOK Bu bildiri kitabının her hakkı saklıdır. Bu yayının tümü veya hiçbir bölümü önceden izin alınmaksızın çoğaltılamaz, basılıp yayınlanamaz, kaynak gösterilmeden alıntı yapılamaz. Bu yayında yer alan bidirilerde öne sürülen her türlü görüş ve sorumluluk yazarlarına aittir. Bildiri özetleri sempozyum programına göre sıralanmıştır. ISBN 978-605-5244-16-3 İsteme Adresi Gazi Caddesi No: 99 19169 Çorum / TÜRKİYE Tel. : 0364 222 15 55-56 Faks : 0364 222 15 58 Grafik & Tasarım Bir Medya Yeniyol Mh. Gazi Sk. No: 9/13 Çorum Tel. : 0364 225 66 64 www.birmedya.net Çorum, 2020 II ULUSLARARASI HORASAN’DAN ANADOLU’YA İRFAN GELENEĞİ: ELVAN ÇELEBİ SEMPOZYUMU / 02-04 EKİM 2020 BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI ONUR KURULU HONORARY BOARD Mustafa ÇİFTÇİ Çorum Valisi / Governor of Corum Dr. Halil İbrahim AŞGIN Çorum Belediye Başkanı / Mayor of Corum Prof. Dr. Ali Osman ÖZTÜRK Hitit Üniversitesi Rektörü / Rector of Hitit University Prof. Dr. Birol ÇETİN Türk Tarih Kurumu Başkanı / President of the Turkish Historical Society DÜZENLEME KURULU BAŞKANI CHAIRMAN OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Doç. Dr. Zekeriya IŞIK DÜZENLEME KURULU SEMPOZYUM CORGANIZING COMMITUTE Prof. Dr. Seyfullah KARA Prof. Dr. Halil İbrahim ŞİMŞEK Prof. Dr. Ahmet TAŞĞIN Doç. Dr. Mustafa Tolga ÇIRAK Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Erol KUYMA Dr. Öğr.
    [Show full text]
  • Danişmendli Ismail Oğlu Siraceddin Ahmed’In
    SUTAD, Nisan 2019; (45): 1-11 e-ISSN: 2458-9071 DANİŞMENDLİ İSMAİL OĞLU SIRACEDDİN AHMED’İN YAPTIRDIĞI KONYA KALESİ BURÇ KİTABESİNİN (600 H/ 1203- 1204 M) GETİRDİĞİ YENİ BİLGİLER NEW INFORMATION ENLIGHTENED WITH THE INSCRIPTION ON THE BASTION OF KONYA CASTLE (600 H/ 1203-1204) BUILT BY DANISHMEND ISMAIL’S SON, SIRACEDDIN AHMED ∗ Mehmet Ali HACIGÖKMEN Öz Danişmendli- Selçuklu ilişkileri Danişmend Gazi’nin babası Ali Taylu’nun Kutalmış’ın kayınpederi olmasına kadar dayanır. Zamanla bu ilişki çok değişik bir çehreye bürünmüştür. Danişmend Gazi, I. Kılıç Arslan ile beraber Haçlılarla mücadelede birlikte hareket etmiştir. Daha sonra I. Kılıç Arslan’ın oğlu Mesud’un tahta çıkmasında ve Selçuklu devletinin güçlenmesinde Danişmendli Emir Gazi’nin önemli bir rolü olmuştur. II. Kılıç Arslan dönemiyle beraber Danişmendiler peyderpey Selçuklulara tabii olmuştur. Özellikle Miryokefalon savaşı öncesinde Sivas ve Kayseri Danişmendli beylikleri, Selçukluların hâkimiyetine girmiştir. Bugüne kadar Danişmendli Yağıbasan oğullarının II. Kılıç Arslan ve oğlu I. Gıyaseddin Keyhusrev’in hizmetine girdiklerini sonra daha da önemlisi I. Gıyaseddin Keyhusrev’in 2. defa tahta çıkmasındaki rollerini biliyoruz. Ancak Danişmendlilerin diğer kolu Melik Muhammed’in oğullarının, Danişmendli Beyliği yıkıldıktan sonraki durumu hakkında bildiklerimiz çok sınırlı idi. Elimizdeki kitabe bize Melik Muhammed’in Zunnûn dışındaki oğullarının Selçuklu Sultanı II. Rükneddin Süleymanşah’ın hizmetine girdiğini göstermektedir. Sonra III. Kılıç Arslan’ın tahta çıkmasında da etkili
    [Show full text]
  • Crusades.Pdf
    12272-Crusades & the Christian (reprint) 7/6/09 2:39 PM Page i The Crusades and the Christian World of the East 12272-Crusades & the Christian (reprint) 7/6/09 2:39 PM Page ii THE MIDDLE AGES SERIES Ruth Mazo Karras, Series Editor Edward Peters, Founding Editor A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher 12272-Crusades & the Christian (reprint) 7/6/09 2:39 PM Page iii The Crusades and the Christian World of the East Rough Tolerance Christopher MacEvitt University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia 12272-Crusades & the Christian (reprint) 7/6/09 2:39 PM Page v Contents Note on Transliteration and Names vii Map viii Introduction 1 The Twelfth-Century Middle East 3 Historiography of the Crusades 13 Rough Tolerance: A New Model of Religious Interaction 21 1 Satan Unleashed: The Christian Levant in the Eleventh Century 27 A Brief History of the Christian East 29 Contact and Knowledge Between Eastern and Western Christians 43 2 Close Encounters of the Ambiguous Kind: When Crusaders and Locals Meet 50 Responses to the First Crusade 54 The Franks in Edessa 65 Armenian Resistance 71 3 Images of Authority in Edessa, 1100–1150 74 Frankish Authority 75 Armenian Authority: A Response to the Franks 81 Edessa Under Joscelin I 92 Edessa and the Frankish East 97 4 Rough Tolerance and Ecclesiastical Ignorance 100 Local Christians from a Latin Perspective 102 Local Priests and Patriarchs in the Frankish Levant 106 Architecture and Liturgy 126 Pilgrimage 132 12272-Crusades & the Christian (reprint) 7/6/09 2:39 PM Page vi vi Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian on the 10Th-12Th Centuries
    The Syriac Chronicle of Michael Rabo (The Great) A Universal History from the Creation Translation and Introduction by Matti Moosa A publication of the Archdiocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church for the Eastern United States The Syriac Chronicle of Michael Rabo (The Great) A Universal History from the Creation Translation and Introduction by Matti Moosa Beth Antioch Press, 260 Elm Avenue, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA Copyright © 2014 by Beth Antioch Press Cover art copyright © 2014 Lee Forrest All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Beth Antioch Press. ISBN 978-1-939682-09-3 This material is presented solely for non-commercial educational/research purposes. Dedicated to: His Eminence Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim, Metropolitan of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch of the Eastern Part of the United States of America, for his most commendable effort in promoting and perpetuating the legacy of the Syrian Orthodox Church And In loving memory of my father Ishaq Moosa (d. 1960), deacon and malphono (teacher), who for decades served the Syrian Orthodox Church and the School of Mor Tuma (St. Thomas) in Mosul, Iraq The Chronicle of Michael Rabo The publication of this book is sponsored by the Yunan Family. Dr. Evelina, Malak, Sarnira, Ramsey, James, Mona Yunan Weig and Blair Weig. In Memory of thek parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, uncles and aunts. Elias and Jamila Johar Yunan Khbaiz Id Dayr, Rose, Yunan, Yacoub, Marcos and Mary who toiled to give their children the best available education.
    [Show full text]