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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83231-1 - The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492 Edited by Jonathan Shepard Index More information INDEX NOTE: Page references in italics refer to maps or illustrations. Material within entries is arranged predominantly alphabetically, although some of the longer entries begin with a chronologically-ordered section, to help orient the reader. Footnotes are only referred to where the subject is not mentioned in the corresponding page of the text. Personal names of Byzantines and other individuals in the early and middle periods are generally listed by first name followed by family name (for example, John Skylitzes rather than Skylitzes, John). For the later period, some (mainly western) individuals are listed by surname (for example, Dandolo, Enrico). Entries for commonly occurring first names are sequenced thus: Byzantine emperors, patriarchs of Constantinople, popes, and then all others in alphabetical order. Aachen 417, 552–3; map 396 Acacius, bishop of Melitene 165 Abaqa, Ilkhan 722 Acciaiuoli, Antonio, duke of Athens 840 Abas Bagratuni, magistros 355 Acciaiuoli, Giovanni, archbishop of Patras 839 al-‘Abbas bin al-Ma’mun 391 Acciaiuoli, Nerio 839–40 al-‘Abbas bin al-Walid 385 Acciaiuoli, Niccolo` 839 Abbasid dynasty 386–92, 881; and Armenia 300, Acciaiuoli family 838, 839–40 348; and Byzantium 392–3, 493, 496; caliphs acclamations 398, 512, 604 917; inception 255–6, 365, 386; jihad 386–7, Acerenza 568; map 561 392–3; and Mongols 721; move capital to Achaemenids 139, 140, 881 Baghdad 221, 224, 255–6, 387, 483; map 695; Achaia, principality of 44–5, 762, 767–8; under see also individual caliphs William of Champlitte 762, 841; under ‘Abd al-Malik, caliph 235, 344, 345, 378, 381–3, Villehardouins 8–9, 44–5,(see also Geoffrey 383, 385 I, Geoffrey II, Isabella and William II of ‘Abdallah bin ‘Ali, revolt of 387 Villehardouin) ; Byzantine acquisitions 10, Abdisho (Julianist bishop) 167 44, 45, 749, 754, 767–8, 804, 805, 860; Abkhazia 307; maps 91, 306, 350 Angevin rule 754–5, 768, 771, 835, 840, 926; Abkhazians 307–8, 320, 331–2, 349–51, 881; maps Navarrese rule 840; Zaccaria rulers 840 110, 882 archontes 44, 45, 731, 772–3; economy Ablastayn (Elbistan) 713, 714; map 712 774–6; feudal custom 45, 768, 770–1; Greek Abraha (Arab ruler) 186 and regional identity 45, 773; land holdings Abraham (biblical figure) 181, 182, 192 771, 772–3, 774, 838; Latin settlers 769; law Abraham, catholicos of Armenia 338 45, 771, 772–3; nomenclature 749n25, Abruzzi 562; maps 91, 434, 561 762n1; orthodox priests in 741; peasants 771; Abu Bakr, caliph 190, 193; map of conquests 366 princes 838, 926; regional influence 767, Abu Firas 517 771; tax revolt 768; and Venice 44, 771, 835, Abu Muslim (Abbasid leader) 387 841, 844; maps 91, 732, 760, 807, 848 Abu al-Qasim 709 Achilleus, relics of St 526 Abu Sa‘id Muhammad bin Yusuf 349 Achochia, bishopric of 331–2 Abusahl Artsruni 706 actresses, status of 106 Abydos 272, 525; maps 113, 252, 494, 760 Adalbert, bishop of Magdeburg 547 Abyssinia see Ethiopia Adalbert of Prague 552 Acacian schism 103, 106, 114–15, 201 Adalbert (son of Berengar of Ivrea) 545 Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople 103, 106 Adana 632, 711, 715–16; maps 635, 712, 725 1124 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83231-1 - The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492 Edited by Jonathan Shepard Index More information index 1125 Adelchis, king of Lombards 415–16, 445 expansion) 835–40, (routes and products) Adelferius, duke of Amalfi 580 834, 848, 844–50, (settlements) 841–3, 844; Aden 183, 186; map 181 Michael VIII fights Venetians in 805, 835; Adhemar of Le Puy 622 9th-century warfare 256, 259; Palaiologan administration, imperial 60, 61–3; possessions 827; plague 829–30; population 7th-9th-century reorganisation 29, 224, levels 260; population transfers to 226, 236–41, 291, 398, 399–401; iconoclastic Constantinople 260; shipping 46–7, 775–6, period 273; Komnenian 34–6, 619, 625, 626, 843; social origins of traders 844; trade 406, 647, 658; Nicaean empire 739–40, 752; 476, 591, 621,(see also Latin presence above) Palaiologan ideology and actuality 51, 803, ; Turkish presence 810, 839, 840, 850; maps 806, 808–13 12, 263, 534, 666, 760, 790, 802, 819, 828, 836, civil 237–9, 270, 272, (Byzantine 848; see also individual places combination with military) 33, 61, 237, 238, Aegina 286, 840; maps 252, 836 239, 258, 269, 291, 400, 433,(11th-century Aeneas, bishop of Paris 424 demilitarisation of provincial) 533–5, 598; Æthelstan, king of Wessex 542 corruption 215, 815; and countryside 62–3; Africa: Vandal kingdom established 133–4, 196; court focus 238–9, 241; ‘flat-management’ Leo I’s failed attacks 109, 196–9; Justinianic style 15, 34, 61–2, 69; and inner and outer reconquest 26, 106, 109, 110, 201–3, 207, zones 61; Italian elements 17; language of 209, 214–15; unrest after reconquest 124, 108, 238, 398; and literary culture and 203; imperial losses 217–18; Heraclius and scholarship 403–4, 824, 825; and peasantry 219, 224, 226; Arab conquest 220, 222, 235, 64–5; see also apoth¯ekai; charters; logothetes 236, 239; Arab expansion 255, 372, 557, 560 and logothesia; officials, imperial; res agriculture 468, 480; church 198, 214, privata; sakellon and sakellarios; sekr¯eta; 231, (Arianism) 198, 199, 201–2, 214, (and strat¯egoi; themes; and under individual Three Chapters) 118, 213, 220; economy rulers and regions and army, imperial; 468; exarchate 217–18, 226, 463; church and Christianity; emperor, fortifications 203; land ownership 199, 202, Byzantine; finance; law; provinces; 203; language use 197–8; literary culture strongholds; taxation; towns and cities 212, 225, 231; naval power under Vandals administration, non-Byzantine: western 196–9; pottery 196, 210, 437; praetorian post-Carolingian 453, 553–4; see also under prefect 203; slavery 406; trade 406, 407, caliphate; Latin empire; Ottoman dynasty; 577–8; maps 110, 197, 222; see also Berbers papacy; Persia Afshin al-Turki 701, 702 ‘Adnan (eponymous founder of Arab grouping) afterworld ; visits in literature 59–60 175 Agac¸eriˇ (Turkmen confederation) 723 Adramyttion 726, 763; maps 725, 760 Agapetus I, pope 205 Adrianople: Avar siege 127; Bulgar attack 294; Agapetus the Deacon; Mirror of princes 86 Tornikios’ revolt 600; Frederick I at 688; Agatha (wife of Samuel of Bulgaria) 526 Alexios III flees to 718;inpartitio Romaniae Agathangelos; History 156n1, 161, 335, 338 782; battle of 731, 734, 738, 783–4; Agathias; History 82, 103, 209 Theodore Branas’ rule 731, 773, 782; Agatho, pope 235, 433–6 Nicaeans capture, expelled by Epirots 738, Agauroi, abbot of 271 786; Bulgarian conquest 790; Ottoman Aghaman 340; map 334 conquest 828, 828 Aghlabids 256, 458, 462, 881 alternative names 930; Bulgarians and Aght‘amar: palatine church 356; map 350 294, 689, 782, 790; merchants and artisans Agnellus of Ravenna 426, 438n14, 447n35, 451, 820, 822; maps 35, 100, 252, 494, 534, 594, 453 667, 712, 732, 760, 786, 789, 790, 807, 819, 828 Agnes of France, Byzantine empress 644, 649, Adversus Constantinum Caballinum 283 784 Aegean region 834–51; Achaian influence 767, agriculture: and annona 480; intensification, 771; Arab piracy 256, 259–60, 500; 12th-century 647; in Latin empire 774, 775; Byzantine fleet 267, 286,(see also in Nicaean empire 44, 740; pollen analysis Kibyrrhaiotai) ; contracts 843–4; cultural 472; prosperity 43, 467–8, 474, 574, 740; influence of Byzantium 827; under Latin share-cropping 184, 816–17; warfare empire 762, 767, 768, 771, 774–6, 804; disrupts 14, 188, 370; see also individual Latin presence 476, 836, 834–51, (control of crops, land; livestock; peasants; and under mercantile shipping) 843, (phases of individual regions © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83231-1 - The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492 Edited by Jonathan Shepard Index More information 1126 index Ahtum-Ajtony (Hungarian chieftain) 527, 556 career: early career 610, 704, 705; Ainos 611, 820, 840, 850; maps 494, 819, 836 accession 611, 708; reign 610–26; Aion, archbishop of Capua 580–1 achievements 2–3, 475, 583, 585, 624–6, 629 Aistulf, king of Lombards 413, 443, 444, 449–50 domestic affairs: administration 619, Akale Guzay 308; map 306 625, 626; and aristocracy 612, 613, 614–15, Akhlat 702–3, 714–15; map 700 616; coinage reform 33–4, 619–20, 620; akritai 724, 881; Digenis Akritis 59 economy 620–1; family’s role in Akroinon 515, 930; battle of 386; maps 35, 252, government 67, 69, 585, 612–13, 619, 678; 371, 494 finances 475, 598, 619–21, 625, 629; honours Alans and Alania 196, 320–2, 329, 330, 811, 881; system reform 598, 612–13; and learning maps 91, 110, 306, 882 585, 618–19; and mob 615, 616; recovery Alaric, king of Visigoths 199 from crisis 475, 583, 584–5; religious policies Albania (Balkans; Arbanon): in 11th-12th 613–14, 614, 616–17, 619, 625, 677, 812, centuries 599–600, 611, 681, 781–2; after (heresy trials) 585, 613–16, 617, 618, 619, partitio Romaniae 43, 782, 786, 788; (missions) 328, (and St Sophia) 616, 617; Bulgarian occupation 764, 790; in later 13th statecraft 2–3; taxation reform 620, 625 century 755, 793–5, 796–800; Turkish external relations and conquest 854n5 warfare 33, 60; Anatolian campaigns archontes 798–800; areas of settlement 621–3, 710; Antioch 623, 624, 630, 680, 681; 653, 664, 781, 782; and Bulgaria 764, 786–7, Balkans 678–82; Danubian campaigns 790; church 779–80, 787–8, 793–4; 611–12, 677, 678; and First Crusade 621–3, community
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    Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself.
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    ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY TÜLİN KAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY JULY 2020 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. D. Burcu ERCİYAS Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Suna GÜVEN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk SERİN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşe F. EROL (Hacı Bayram Veli Uni., Arkeoloji) Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine SÖKMEN (Hitit Uni., Arkeoloji) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Tülin Kaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) Kaya, Tülin Ph.D., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr.
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    FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Including the Collezione Fiordalisi of Neapolitan porcelain Thursday 7 December 2017 SPECIALIST AND AUCTION ENQUIRIES EUROPEAN CERAMICS Sebastian Kuhn Nette Megens Sophie von der Goltz lot 44 FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Including the Collezione Fiordalisi of Neapolitan porcelain Thursday 7 December 2017 at 2pm New Bond Street, London VIEWING ENQUIRIES CUSTOMER SERVICES PHYSICAL CONDITION OF Sunday 3 December Nette Megens Monday to Friday 8.30am LOTS IN THIS AUCTION 11am - 5pm Head of Department to 6pm PLEASE NOTE THAT ANY Monday 4 December +44 (0) 20 7468 8348 +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 REFERENCE IN THIS 9am - 4.30pm [email protected] CATALOGUE TO THE PHYSICAL Tuesday 5 December Please see page 2 for bidder CONDITION OF ANY LOT IS FOR 9am - 4.30pm Sebastian Kuhn information including after-sale GENERAL GUIDANCE ONLY. Wednesday 6 December Department Director collection and shipment INTENDING BIDDERS MUST 9am - 4.30pm +44 (0) 20 7468 8384 SATISFY THEMSELVES AS TO Thursday 7 December [email protected] THE CONDITION OF ANY LOT by appointment AS SPECIFIED IN CLAUSE 14 OF Sophie von der Goltz THE NOTICE TO BIDDERS SALE NUMBER Specialist CONTAINED AT THE END OF 24224 +44 (0) 20 7468 8349 THIS CATALOGUE. [email protected] CATALOGUE As a courtesy to intending Rome bidders, Bonhams will provide a £25.00 Emma Dalla Libera written indication of the physical Director condition of lots in this sale if a BIDS request is received up to 24 hours +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 +39 06 485900 before the auction starts. This +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax [email protected] written Indication is issued To bid via the internet please subject to Clause 3 of the Notice visit bonhams.com International Director European Ceramics & Glass to Bidders.