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The Wars of the Roses Unit 2: Roman Church and the Rise of the Papal State © Jason Asbell, 2019 Unit 2: Roman Church and the Rise of the Papal State © Jason Asbell, 2019 © Jason Asbell, 2019 © Jason Asbell, 2019 © Jason Asbell, 2019 SW India evangelized 1st Cent. AD Manicheanism was a Gnostic belief that was semi-Christian, but believed in a dualistic cosmology in which Good and Evil were equally powerful – this belief system lasted a long time…eventually almost all Manichean believers assimilated into either more mainstream versions of Christianity, Buddhism, or Islam © Jason Asbell, 2019 Unit 2: Roman Church and the Rise of the Papal State © Jason Asbell, 2019 St. Miltiades: First African Pope. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD). Presided over the Lateran council of 313. St. Sylvester I: 1st Council of Nicaea (325). Built St. John Lateran, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter's Basilica. Stated recipient of Donation of Constantine (later shown to be a forgery) Papal Reigns: St. Miltiades to St. Gregory I "the Great" MILTIADES INNOCENT I FELIX III (II?) JOHN II (2 JULY 311 – 10 JAN 314) (21 DEC 401 – 12 MARCH 417) (13 MARCH 483 – 1 MARCH 492) (2 JAN 533 – 8 MAY 535) MARK BONIFACE I ANASTASIUS II VIGILIUS (336) (28 DEC 418 – 4 SEP 422) (24 NOV 496 – 19 NOV 498) (29 MARCH 537 – 7 JUNE 555) LIBERIUS SIXTUS III HORMISDAS JOHN III (17 MAY 352 – 24 SEP 366) (31 JULY 432 – 18 AUG 440) (20 JULY 514 – 6 AUG 523) (17 JULY 561 – 13 JULY 574) SIRICIUS HILARIUS FELIX IV PELAGIUS II (17 DEC 384 – 26 NOV 399) (19 NOV 461 – 29 FEB 468) (12 JULY 526 – 22 SEP 530) (26 NOV 579 – 7 FEB 590) ANASTASIUS I SIMPLICIUS BONIFACE II GREGORY I (THE GREAT) (27 NOV 399 – 19 DEC 401) (3 MARCH 468 – 10 MARCH 483) (22 SEP 530 – 17 OCT 532) (3 SEP 590 – 12 MARCH 604) DAMASUS I LEO I (THE GREAT) JOHN I BENEDICT I (1 OCT 366 – 11 DEC 384) (29 SEP 440 – 10 NOV 461) (13 AUG 523 – 18 MAY 526) (2 JUNE 575 – 30 JULY 579) JULIUS I CELESTINE I SYMMACHUS PELAGIUS I (6 FEB 337 - 12 APR 352) (10 SEP 422 – 27 JULY 432) (22 NOV 498 – 19 JULY 514) (16 APRIL 556 – 4 MARCH 561) SYLVESTER I ZOSIMUS GELASIUS I AGAPETUS I & SILVERIUS (31 JAN 314 - 31 DEC 335) (18 MARCH 417 – 26 DEC 418) (1 MARCH 492 – 21 NOV 496) (<1 YEAR EACH) © Jason Asbell, 2019 St. Mark: Although only Pope for 263 days, commissioned codification of the lives of martyrs and bishops prior to his time. Received gifts of land and furnishings from Emperor Constantine for two churches. St. Julius I: Presided over the Arian controversy. Divided celebration of Christ’s birth with Epiphany and Nativity as separate feasts Papal Reigns: St. Miltiades to St. Gregory I "the Great" MILTIADES INNOCENT I FELIX III (II?) JOHN II (2 JULY 311 – 10 JAN 314) (21 DEC 401 – 12 MARCH 417) (13 MARCH 483 – 1 MARCH 492) (2 JAN 533 – 8 MAY 535) MARK BONIFACE I ANASTASIUS II VIGILIUS (336) (28 DEC 418 – 4 SEP 422) (24 NOV 496 – 19 NOV 498) (29 MARCH 537 – 7 JUNE 555) LIBERIUS SIXTUS III HORMISDAS JOHN III (17 MAY 352 – 24 SEP 366) (31 JULY 432 – 18 AUG 440) (20 JULY 514 – 6 AUG 523) (17 JULY 561 – 13 JULY 574) SIRICIUS HILARIUS FELIX IV PELAGIUS II (17 DEC 384 – 26 NOV 399) (19 NOV 461 – 29 FEB 468) (12 JULY 526 – 22 SEP 530) (26 NOV 579 – 7 FEB 590) ANASTASIUS I SIMPLICIUS BONIFACE II GREGORY I (THE GREAT) (27 NOV 399 – 19 DEC 401) (3 MARCH 468 – 10 MARCH 483) (22 SEP 530 – 17 OCT 532) (3 SEP 590 – 12 MARCH 604) DAMASUS I LEO I (THE GREAT) JOHN I BENEDICT I (1 OCT 366 – 11 DEC 384) (29 SEP 440 – 10 NOV 461) (13 AUG 523 – 18 MAY 526) (2 JUNE 575 – 30 JULY 579) JULIUS I CELESTINE I SYMMACHUS PELAGIUS I (6 FEB 337 - 12 APR 352) (10 SEP 422 – 27 JULY 432) (22 NOV 498 – 19 JULY 514) (16 APRIL 556 – 4 MARCH 561) SYLVESTER I ZOSIMUS GELASIUS I AGAPETUS I & SILVERIUS (31 JAN 314 - 31 DEC 335) (18 MARCH 417 – 26 DEC 418) (1 MARCH 492 – 21 NOV 496) (<1 YEAR EACH) © Jason Asbell, 2019 Liberius: First Pope not canonized by the Western Church (although the Eastern Church reveres him as a saint) St. Damasus I: Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Council of Rome (382). First pope to officially use the title “Pontifex Maximus” after Emperor Gratian abdicates that title. Papal Reigns: St. Miltiades to St. Gregory I "the Great" MILTIADES INNOCENT I FELIX III (II?) JOHN II (2 JULY 311 – 10 JAN 314) (21 DEC 401 – 12 MARCH 417) (13 MARCH 483 – 1 MARCH 492) (2 JAN 533 – 8 MAY 535) MARK BONIFACE I ANASTASIUS II VIGILIUS (336) (28 DEC 418 – 4 SEP 422) (24 NOV 496 – 19 NOV 498) (29 MARCH 537 – 7 JUNE 555) LIBERIUS SIXTUS III HORMISDAS JOHN III (17 MAY 352 – 24 SEP 366) (31 JULY 432 – 18 AUG 440) (20 JULY 514 – 6 AUG 523) (17 JULY 561 – 13 JULY 574) SIRICIUS HILARIUS FELIX IV PELAGIUS II (17 DEC 384 – 26 NOV 399) (19 NOV 461 – 29 FEB 468) (12 JULY 526 – 22 SEP 530) (26 NOV 579 – 7 FEB 590) ANASTASIUS I SIMPLICIUS BONIFACE II GREGORY I (THE GREAT) (27 NOV 399 – 19 DEC 401) (3 MARCH 468 – 10 MARCH 483) (22 SEP 530 – 17 OCT 532) (3 SEP 590 – 12 MARCH 604) DAMASUS I LEO I (THE GREAT) JOHN I BENEDICT I (1 OCT 366 – 11 DEC 384) (29 SEP 440 – 10 NOV 461) (13 AUG 523 – 18 MAY 526) (2 JUNE 575 – 30 JULY 579) JULIUS I CELESTINE I SYMMACHUS PELAGIUS I (6 FEB 337 - 12 APR 352) (10 SEP 422 – 27 JULY 432) (22 NOV 498 – 19 JULY 514) (16 APRIL 556 – 4 MARCH 561) SYLVESTER I ZOSIMUS GELASIUS I AGAPETUS I & SILVERIUS (31 JAN 314 - 31 DEC 335) (18 MARCH 417 – 26 DEC 418) (1 MARCH 492 – 21 NOV 496) (<1 YEAR EACH) © Jason Asbell, 2019 St. Siricius: First Pope whose letters (decretals) survive to this day; focus on on religious discipline (baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence), including the first papal decree commanding celibacy for priests. St. Innocent I: First pope to officially promulgate the scripture canon in a directive to a bishop (405). Pope during Visigothic Sack of Rome in 410. Papal Reigns: St. Miltiades to St. Gregory I "the Great" MILTIADES INNOCENT I FELIX III (II?) JOHN II (2 JULY 311 – 10 JAN 314) (21 DEC 401 – 12 MARCH 417) (13 MARCH 483 – 1 MARCH 492) (2 JAN 533 – 8 MAY 535) MARK BONIFACE I ANASTASIUS II VIGILIUS (336) (28 DEC 418 – 4 SEP 422) (24 NOV 496 – 19 NOV 498) (29 MARCH 537 – 7 JUNE 555) LIBERIUS SIXTUS III HORMISDAS JOHN III (17 MAY 352 – 24 SEP 366) (31 JULY 432 – 18 AUG 440) (20 JULY 514 – 6 AUG 523) (17 JULY 561 – 13 JULY 574) SIRICIUS HILARIUS FELIX IV PELAGIUS II (17 DEC 384 – 26 NOV 399) (19 NOV 461 – 29 FEB 468) (12 JULY 526 – 22 SEP 530) (26 NOV 579 – 7 FEB 590) ANASTASIUS I SIMPLICIUS BONIFACE II GREGORY I (THE GREAT) (27 NOV 399 – 19 DEC 401) (3 MARCH 468 – 10 MARCH 483) (22 SEP 530 – 17 OCT 532) (3 SEP 590 – 12 MARCH 604) DAMASUS I LEO I (THE GREAT) JOHN I BENEDICT I (1 OCT 366 – 11 DEC 384) (29 SEP 440 – 10 NOV 461) (13 AUG 523 – 18 MAY 526) (2 JUNE 575 – 30 JULY 579) JULIUS I CELESTINE I SYMMACHUS PELAGIUS I (6 FEB 337 - 12 APR 352) (10 SEP 422 – 27 JULY 432) (22 NOV 498 – 19 JULY 514) (16 APRIL 556 – 4 MARCH 561) SYLVESTER I ZOSIMUS GELASIUS I AGAPETUS I & SILVERIUS (31 JAN 314 - 31 DEC 335) (18 MARCH 417 – 26 DEC 418) (1 MARCH 492 – 21 NOV 496) (<1 YEAR EACH) © Jason Asbell, 2019 St. Leo I “the Great”: Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Instrumental in defining the hypostatic union (doctrine that Jesus was both fully human and fully divine). St. Simplicius: Pope during fall of Western Roman Empire and establishment of Odoacer as King of Italy (476-493) St. Gelasius I: Last African Pope. First to use the title “Vicar of Christ” Papal Reigns: St. Miltiades to St. Gregory I "the Great" MILTIADES INNOCENT I FELIX III (II?) JOHN II (2 JULY 311 – 10 JAN 314) (21 DEC 401 – 12 MARCH 417) (13 MARCH 483 – 1 MARCH 492) (2 JAN 533 – 8 MAY 535) MARK BONIFACE I ANASTASIUS II VIGILIUS (336) (28 DEC 418 – 4 SEP 422) (24 NOV 496 – 19 NOV 498) (29 MARCH 537 – 7 JUNE 555) LIBERIUS SIXTUS III HORMISDAS JOHN III (17 MAY 352 – 24 SEP 366) (31 JULY 432 – 18 AUG 440) (20 JULY 514 – 6 AUG 523) (17 JULY 561 – 13 JULY 574) SIRICIUS HILARIUS FELIX IV PELAGIUS II (17 DEC 384 – 26 NOV 399) (19 NOV 461 – 29 FEB 468) (12 JULY 526 – 22 SEP 530) (26 NOV 579 – 7 FEB 590) ANASTASIUS I SIMPLICIUS BONIFACE II GREGORY I (THE GREAT) (27 NOV 399 – 19 DEC 401) (3 MARCH 468 – 10 MARCH 483) (22 SEP 530 – 17 OCT 532) (3 SEP 590 – 12 MARCH 604) DAMASUS I LEO I (THE GREAT) JOHN I BENEDICT I (1 OCT 366 – 11 DEC 384) (29 SEP 440 – 10 NOV 461) (13 AUG 523 – 18 MAY 526) (2 JUNE 575 – 30 JULY 579) JULIUS I CELESTINE I SYMMACHUS PELAGIUS I (6 FEB 337 - 12 APR 352) (10 SEP 422 – 27 JULY 432) (22 NOV 498 – 19 JULY 514) (16 APRIL 556 – 4 MARCH 561) SYLVESTER I ZOSIMUS GELASIUS I AGAPETUS I & SILVERIUS (31 JAN 314 - 31 DEC 335) (18 MARCH 417 – 26 DEC 418) (1 MARCH 492 – 21 NOV 496) (<1 YEAR EACH) © Jason Asbell, 2019 Raphael’s The Meeting between Leo the Great and Attila, Stanza di Eliodoro, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican © Jason Asbell, 2019 St.
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