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Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian on the 10Th-12Th Centuries

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Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian on the 10Th-12Th Centuries The Syriac Chronicle of Michael Rabo (The Great) A Universal History from the Creation Translation and Introduction by Matti Moosa A publication of the Archdiocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church for the Eastern United States The Syriac Chronicle of Michael Rabo (The Great) A Universal History from the Creation Translation and Introduction by Matti Moosa Beth Antioch Press, 260 Elm Avenue, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA Copyright © 2014 by Beth Antioch Press Cover art copyright © 2014 Lee Forrest All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Beth Antioch Press. ISBN 978-1-939682-09-3 This material is presented solely for non-commercial educational/research purposes. Dedicated to: His Eminence Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim, Metropolitan of the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch of the Eastern Part of the United States of America, for his most commendable effort in promoting and perpetuating the legacy of the Syrian Orthodox Church And In loving memory of my father Ishaq Moosa (d. 1960), deacon and malphono (teacher), who for decades served the Syrian Orthodox Church and the School of Mor Tuma (St. Thomas) in Mosul, Iraq The Chronicle of Michael Rabo The publication of this book is sponsored by the Yunan Family. Dr. Evelina, Malak, Sarnira, Ramsey, James, Mona Yunan Weig and Blair Weig. In Memory of thek parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, uncles and aunts. Elias and Jamila Johar Yunan Khbaiz Id Dayr, Rose, Yunan, Yacoub, Marcos and Mary who toiled to give their children the best available education. The publisher is grateful to the Yunan family for thek continuous support, and asks the Lord to bless them and to grant eternal rest and peace to thek beloved departed ones. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOK THIRTEEN 580 WITH THE HELP OF GOD WE COMPOSE BOOK THIRTEEN BEGINNING WITH THE YEAR 1155 OF THE GREEKS (A.D. 844), TO THE YEAR 825 (SIC) OF THE INCARNATION OF OUR LORD; AND THE YEAR 224 OF THE KINGDOM OF THE ARABS; AND THE YEAR 6325 OF ADAM, THAT IS FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE TEMPORAL WORLD 580 Chapter One: On the beginning of the reign of Harun (al-Wathiq), king (caliph) of the Tayoye (Arabs), and Michael (III), emperor of the Romans; and Mor Yuhanon (John), the Patriarch 580 Chapter Two: On the period of the Romans kings (emperors) Basil I, and Leo (IV Philosopher), and the reign of al-Muhtadi, caliph of the Arabs, and Ahmad who followed al-Mu'tamid; and the chief priests set up in our church consecutively 582 Chapter Three: On the commencement of the reign of Romanus, king (emperor) of the Romans. During his reign three weak Tayoye (Arab) caliphs were set up and the Romans were emboldened and seized Tayoye (Arab) towns; the establishment of two monasteries in this period 584 Chapter Four: On the reign of Constantine and his successors Romanus II, and Nicephorus; and on the reign of the Tayoye (Arabs) in this period of Abu Ishaq, Abu al-Qasim and Muti'; and on the patriarchate of Yuhanon (VII) Sarigta who built the Band Monastery 587 Chapter Five: On the period when Tzimisces and his successors Basil and Constantine ruled the Romans. During this period, the Tayoye (Arabs) were ruled by al-Fadil, Abu Bakr and others, and the emigration of the Armenian people to Cappadocia 590 Chapter Six: On the period of Romanus, son of Basil, king (emperor) of the Romans and Ibn Abbas Qadir, king (caliph) of the Tayoye (Arabs), and the Patriarch Mor Yuhanon Bar Abdun whom the Chalcedonians banished to Constantinople where he passed away 592 Chapter Seven: Concerning the end of the life of Romanus 598 BOOK FOURTEEN 599 WE DEVOTE THIS BOOK TO THE TURKOYE (TURKS) WHO BEGAN TO CONTROL THE CITIES AND COUNTRIES, AND DIVIDE IT INTO CHAPTERS 599 Chapter One: Concerning that the Turkoye are the Turks themselves, and on their origin and the regions they inhabited 599 Chapter Two: Concerning the manners of the Turks 600 Chapter Three: Concerning the second invasion of the Turks and their seizure of Persia, Assyria, Beth Nahrin, Armenia, Syria, Palestine, Cilicia and until the sea and Egypt 601 Chapter Four: On how (the Turks) began to leave their confined habitat 602 Chapter Five: Concerning the unity of belief between the Turks and the Arabs 602 BOOK FIFTEEN 604 IT BEGINS WITH THE YEAR 1361 (OF THE GREEKS) WHICH IS THE YEAR 1031 OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA, AND THE YEAR 430 OF THE KINGDOM OF THE TAYOYE (ARABS) IN WHICH BEGAN THE KINGDOM OF THE TURKS, WHICH IS STILL STANDING. IT IS ALSO THE YEAR 6050 FROM ADAM THAT IS FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD, IN WHICH (CONSTANTINE IX) MONOMACHUS REIGNED OVER THE ROMANS AND ABU AL-ABBAS QADIR OVER THE TAYOYE (ARABS). IN THIS YEAR AROSE TUGHRUL BEG, THE FIRST TURKISH RULER IN KHURASAN, AND YUHANON 0°HN), NEPHEW OF THE HOLY YUHANON (JOHN) BAR ABDUN, WAS SET UP AS PATRIARCH FOR OUR CHURCH 604 Chapter One: 604 Chapter Two: Concerning the Turks' attack of the region of Cappadocia; on the building of the wall of Melitene, and the intensification of the conflict between the Chalcedonians and the Orthodox, and between each other 607 Chapter Three: On the beginning of the reign of Romanus Diogenes, king (emperor) of the Romans, his defeat and capture by the Turks; and the affairs of the church in this period 609 Chapter Four: The commencement of the reign of Michael, son of Constantine, king (emperor) of the Romans, and the reign of the Turks in the region of Pontus, and the disturbances which took place in the church, and on the Armenian Philaretus in this perio 611 13 The Syriac Chronicle of Michael Rabo Chapter Five: On the period of the reign of Nicephorus and Alexander, kings (emperors) of the Romans, and the assumption of power by the Turks, and the bishops' opposition of Abdun 613 Chapter Six: On the period of the reign of Alexius, king (emperor) of the Romans, the kingdom of the Turks waxed strong, and the affairs of the church worsened 615 Chapter Seven: The expedition of the Franks against Jerusalem, and the visit of the Patriarch Athanasius to the caliph in Baghdad : 617 Chapter Eight: On the Turks' rule of Melitene for the first time; the murder of Gabriel and Ibn Hetum; the beginning of the rule of Kilij Arslan; the building of the wall of Kesum, and church affairs in this period 620 Chapter Nine: On the second siege of Amid and the trouble in some of the region in the kingdom of the Turks during this time; and the trouble in Egypt, Syria and Armenia, and on church affairs 624 Chapter Ten: On this period where the affliction of Melitene intensified following the death of the Sultan (Kilij Arslan); the growth of the Franks' power, and their dissension and troubles; the rise of a new Turkish chief in Khurasan, and his coming to al-Ruha (Edessa), and the deterioration of church affairs 625 Chapter Eleven: On the destruction of Mar'ash (Germanicia) by earthquake; Belek the Turk and the appearance in this period of a group of Armenians like Basil the thief, and Tadrus (Theodore), Leon and Constantine. Also, on secular and ecclesiastical matters 628 Chapter Twelve: On the beginning of the reign of Iwani (John), son of Alexius (emperor) of the Romans; the intensification of war between the Franks and the Turks during this period; the submission of the Cumans to the Greeks, and other civil and ecclesiastical matters 631 Chapter Thirteen: When Belek captured the King of Jerusalem and Joscelin; the rebellion at Hisn Ziyad; the death of Belek, and other secular and ecclesiastical affairs in this period 635 Chapter Fourteen: We have appended this chapter at the end of this Book (XV) because we have derived it from a book in the Arabic language containing events that took place before this date for two reasons: first, Muslims use the lunar calendar; second, because we have not come across this book until these events happened. The reader should take notice of the rest of what has been written about Najm al-Din, Artukid lord of Aleppo who governed before the above-mentioned Belek. Belek, in fact, ruled Aleppo after the death of Najm al-Din 637 The chapter has been translated from Arabic books in Athor and Babil (Assyria and Babylon in Mesopotamia) 637 BOOK SIXTEEN 641 THIS BOOK IS TO BE ADDED TO THE WEB (OF THE NARRATIVE). IT BEGINS WITH THE YEAR 1442 (OF THE GREEKS) WHICH IS THE YEAR 1112 OF THE NATIVITY OF OUR SAVIOR, THE YEAR 509 OF THE ARAB STATE (HIJRA, ISLAMIC CALENDAR), THE YEAR 70 OF THE TURKS, AND THE YEAR 6610 FROM ADAM, THAT IS, THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD 641 Chapter One: On the siege of Melitene, and on ecclesiastical and world affairs 641 Chapter Two: On the Franks' capturing the city of Tyre and the seacoast region from the Egyptian Arabs (Muslims), and other events that took place in the entire world in this period 643 Chapter Three: On the time of the death of Bohemond, lord of Antioch; the death of Athanasius, patriarch of Antioch, and other world and church matters 645 Chapter Four: On Zangi departing Baghdad to assume the government in Mosul; of the reign of Joscelin in Antioch; and the ordination of Patriarch Yuhanon 647 Chapter Five: On the time of the death of Joscelin I, and the setting up of his son Joscelin (II); and on diverse events which took place in this period in the church and among kings 648 Chapter Six: On the period of Bedawi's (Raymond of Poitiers) reign in Antioch; the death of Baghdwin (Baldwin), king of Jerusalem, and the assumption of government
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