Shaping Christian Identity: the False Scripture Argument in Early Christian Literature Kevin M

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Shaping Christian Identity: the False Scripture Argument in Early Christian Literature Kevin M Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Shaping Christian Identity: The False Scripture Argument in Early Christian Literature Kevin M. (Kevin Michael) Vaccarella Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES SHAPING CHRISTIAN IDENTITY: THE FALSE SCRIPTURE ARGUMENT IN EARLY CHRISTIAN LITERATURE By Kevin M. Vaccarella A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Religion in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded Summer semester, 2007 Copyright © 2007 Kevin M. Vaccarella All Rights Reserved The members of the committee approve the dissertation by Kevin M. Vaccarella defended on June 7, 2007. ___________________________ Nicole Kelley Professor Directing Dissertation ___________________________ John Marincola Outside Committee Member ___________________________ David Levenson Committee Member Approved: ______________________________________ John Corrigan, Chair, Department of Religion ________________________________________________ Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and confirmed the above named committee members. ii For Jenness iii ACKNOWLEGMENTS My dissertation began with an exploration of texts and a setting with which I was not very familiar. My eventual proficiency with the subject matter was due to a combination of my growing interest in the material and the patient guidance of my dissertation director, Nicole Kelley. It was she who first suggested I investigate the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies. Dr. Kelley’s enthusiastic direction through the Pseudo-Clementines has always been coupled with the freedom to explore comparisons with other writings – a freedom that eventually led me to the Didascalia Apostolorum and Ptolemy's Letter to Flora. I offer my sincere thanks to Dr. Kelley for inducting me into a realm of wonderful and obscure writings. I would also like to thank the remaining members of my dissertation committee, David Levenson and John Marincola. My years of classes with Dr. Levenson helped shape my graduate career. His wide range of expertise in all matters of the ancient Mediterranean region is evident not only in his proficiency with a staggering amount of texts but also in his ability to teach his students in a way that conveys his own academic curiosity. I am grateful for his guidance over the years and, more specific to this project, his help navigating the Syriac of the Didascalia. Dr. Marincola’s expertise in ancient rhetoric proved a welcome addition to my committee. His insights into the texts and attention to my Greek proficiency have been greatly appreciated. I am grateful to all of my committee members for tirelessly editing the various drafts of the project. Any remaining errors are mine. I would also like to thank the members of the Religions of Western Antiquity fall colloquiums for their contributions to the shape of my dissertation. No graduate candidate can survive the necessary years of schooling without the support of his fellow students. Although I appreciate the collegiality of numerous graduate students during my residency in Florida State’s Religion Department, I am particularly indebted to the friendship, encouragement, and scholarship of Jordan Smith, Scott Cason, and Jim Lehman. In addition, Chris Newcomb and Bill Lyons, as well as their families, generously shared their experience, guidance, and support during my initial years at Florida State University and continue to do so. Thanks are also due to both Florida State University and the Department of Religion for supporting my research and conference travel with various grants over the years. My family also deserves acknowledgment since they have filled my sails when there was no wind. My parents, Rick and Dee, brothers, Mike and Brian, as well as my entire Pittsburgh family have had to endure my accounts about the ups and downs of graduate life – not to iv mention the fortitude to listen to my project summaries and updates. My family’s interest in discussing my work, ability to help me relax, and the wisdom to know which of these two paths was needed at any given time has made all the difference. In particular, I would like to thank my parents who have always supported and encouraged my choices in life, whether academic or otherwise, and have sacrificed so much of themselves to ensure the happiness of their children. Finally, my life as I know it could not exist without the loving support of my amazing wife, Jenness. Her patient endurance during my many years of schooling and commitment to my goals has, at times, rivaled my own. I have been able to pursue and complete my education only through her infinite understanding and encouragement. I owe her a debt of gratitude that outweighs even my student loans. I dedicate this work to Jenness for all the love and laughs she has shared with me over the years and those that are yet to come. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................ viii Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................ 1 1. Interpretation of Scripture and Jewish Christian Relations .................... 1 1.1. The Interpretation of Scripture....................................................... 1 1.2. Conflict and Competition............................................................... 3 1.3. Struggling for Identity.................................................................... 8 2. Shaping Christian Identity: The False Scripture Argument.................... 13 2.1. Defining Identity............................................................................ 13 2.2. The False Scripture Writings ......................................................... 17 2.3. A History of Scholarship on the False Scripture Strategy............. 21 3. Project Outline ........................................................................................ 27 Chapter 2. Ptolemy's Letter to Flora and the Tripartite Division of the Law..... 34 1. Introduction............................................................................................. 34 2. Ptolemy: Biography and Influences........................................................ 35 2.1. Ptolemy and Flora .......................................................................... 35 2.2. Ptolemy and Valentinus ................................................................. 38 2.3. Ptolemy and Marcion..................................................................... 43 3. The Nature of the Law and the Three Lawgivers ................................... 47 3.1. Those Who Misunderstand the Law .............................................. 49 3.2. The tripartite Division of the Law ................................................. 58 3.3. Ptolemy and the Mosaic Law......................................................... 71 4. Ptolemy, False Scripture, and Christian Identity.................................... 75 4.1. Competing Interpretations of the Mosaic Law .............................. 75 4.2. Conclusion..................................................................................... 79 Chapter 3. The Second Legislation of the Didascalia Apostolorum .................. 81 1. Introduction............................................................................................. 81 1.1. Background .................................................................................... 82 1.2. The Meaning of deuterosis ............................................................ 85 2. Analysis of the Second Legislation......................................................... 87 2.1. The Original Law........................................................................... 88 2.2. The Second Legislation.................................................................. 91 2.3. The Role of Christ.......................................................................... 101 3. The Didascalia, the Second Legislation, and Christian identity............. 103 3.1. Internal Conflict in the Community............................................... 103 3.2. A Christian Audience..................................................................... 105 3.3. Markers of Identity......................................................................... 108 3.4. “the people”.................................................................................... 109 3.5. The Gentiles ................................................................................... 114 3.6. Conclusion..................................................................................... 117 vi Chapter 4. The False Passages of the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies .................. 119 1. A Brief History of the Pseudo-Clementines ........................................... 119 1.1. Source Criticism and the Pseudo-Clementines .............................. 119 1.2. Source Criticism and the False Passages ....................................... 122 2. The Homilies and the False Passages...................................................... 128 2.1. The Nature of the False Passages................................................... 129 2.2. The Purpose of the False Passages................................................. 132 2.3. Discerning the False Passages ......................................................
Recommended publications
  • The Tradition of the Female Deacon in the Eastern Churches
    The Tradition of the Female Deacon in the Eastern Churches Valerie Karras, Th.D., Ph.D. and Caren Stayer, Ph.D. St. Phoebe Center Conference on “Women and Diaconal Ministry in the Orthodox Church: Past, Present, and Future” Union Theological Seminary, New York, NY December 6, 2014 PURPOSE OF HISTORY SESSION • To briefly review the scholarship on the history of the deaconess, both East and West • To lay the groundwork for discussions later in the day about the present and future • To familiarize everyone with material you can take with you • Book list; book sales • We ask you to share and discuss this historical material with others in your parish TIMELINE—REJUVENATION FROM PATRISTIC PERIOD (4TH -7TH C.) • Apostolic period (AD 60-80): Letters of Paul (Rom 16:1 re Phoebe) • Subapostolic period (late 1st/early 2nd c.): deutero-Pauline epistles (I Tim. 3), letter of Trajan to Pliny the Younger • Byzantine period (330-1453) − comparable to Early, High, and Late Middle Ages plus early Renaissance in Western Europe • Early church manuals (Didascalia Apostolorum, late 3rd/early 4th c.; Testamentum Domini, c.350; Apostolic Constitutions, c.370, Syriac) • 325-787: Seven Ecumenical Councils • Saints’ lives, church calendars, typika (monastic rules), homilies, grave inscriptions, letters • 988: conversion of Vladimir and the Rus’ • 12th c. or earlier: office of deaconess in Byz. church fell into disuse • Early modern period in America • 1768: first group of Greek Orthodox arrives in what is now Florida • 1794: first formal Russian Orthodox mission arrives in what is now Alaska BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND FIVE PATRIARCHATES CIRCA 565 A.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconciling Universal Salvation and Freedom of Choice in Origen of Alexandria
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Dissertations (1934 -) Projects Reconciling Universal Salvation and Freedom of Choice in Origen of Alexandria Lee W. Sytsma Marquette University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Sytsma, Lee W., "Reconciling Universal Salvation and Freedom of Choice in Origen of Alexandria" (2018). Dissertations (1934 -). 769. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/769 RECONCILING UNIVERSAL SALVATION AND FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA by Lee W. Sytsma, B.A., M.T.S. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2018 ABSTRACT RECONCILING UNIVERSAL SALVATION AND FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA Lee W. Sytsma, B.A., M.T.S. Marquette University, 2018 Origen has traditionally been famous for his universalism, but many scholars now express doubt that Origen believed in a universal and permanent apocatastasis. This is because many scholars are convinced that Origen’s teaching on moral autonomy (or freedom of choice) is logically incompatible with the notion that God foreordains every soul’s future destiny. Those few scholars who do argue that Origen believed in both moral autonomy and universal salvation either do not know how to reconcile these two views in Origen’s theology, or their proposed “solutions” are not convincing. In this dissertation I make two preliminary arguments which allow the question of logical compatibility to come into focus.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes Introductory to the Study of The
    I B. H. Til NOTES INTRODUCTORY TO THE STUDY OF THE CLEMENTINE RECOGNITIONS NOTES INTRODUCTORY TO THE STUDY OF THE CLEMENTLNE RECOGNITIONS A COURSE OF LECTURES BY FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT D.D. SOMETIME HULSEAN PROFESSOR AND LADY MARGARET S READER IN DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE HLon&on MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1901 All rights reserved PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS NOTE. book contains the notes made by Dr Hort THISfor a course of Lectures which he delivered in Cambridge as Hulsean Professor in the October Term, 1884. They were written out almost in full, and are printed substantially as they stand. It is clear from the Preface, which was found in the same box with the Lecture Notes, that Dr Hort had intended to publish them. They form a natural supplement to the volume of Lectures on Judaistic Christianity printed in 1894. The subject was one which clearly had a strong attraction for him as one of the earliest attempts to grapple seriously with some of the most indestruct ible problems of life and thought, from a point of view substantially, however imperfectly, Christian. His copies both of the Recognitions and of the Homilies bear the marks of careful and repeated study, the fruits of which are only indirectly repre sented in these Notes. Among other things he had compiled a full Index Verborum for the Recog nitions/ which it has not seemed worth while to vi NOTE print in this volume, but which will gladly be put at the service of any editor of the text of the Recognitions.
    [Show full text]
  • GNOSIS and NAG HAMMADI Anne Mcguire
    12 GNOSIS AND NAG HAMMADI Anne McGuire Introduction Introductory remarks on “gnosis” and “Gnosticism” “Gnosticism” is a modern European term that !rst appears in the seventeenth-century writings of Cambridge Platonist Henry More (1614–87). For More, “Gnosticism” designates one of the earliest Christian heresies, connected to controversies addressed in Revelation 2:18–29 and in his own day.1 The term “gnosis,” on the other hand, is one of several ancient Greek nouns for “knowledge,” speci!cally experiential or esoteric knowledge based on direct experience, which can be distinguished from mere perception, understanding, or skill. For Plato and other ancient thinkers, “gnosis” refers to that knowledge which enables perception of the underlying structures of reality, Being itself, or the divine.2 Such gnosis was valued highly in many early Christian communities,3 yet the claims of some early Christians to possess gnosis came under suspicion and critique in the post-Pauline letter of 1 Timothy, which urges its readers to “avoid the profane chatter and contradictions of falsely so-called gnosis.”4 With this began the polemical contrast between “false gnosis” and “true faith.” It is this polemical sense of “false gnosis” that Bishop Irenaeus of Lyons took up in the title of his major anti-heretical work: Refutation and Overthrow of Falsely So-Called Gnosis, or Against Heresies, written c. "# 180.5 Irenaeus used 1 Timothy’s phrase not only to designate his opponents’ gnosis as false, but, even more important, to construct a broad category of
    [Show full text]
  • The Disputes Between Appion and Clement in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies: a Narrative and Rhetorical Approach to the Structure of Hom
    The Disputes between Appion and Clement in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies: A Narrative and Rhetorical Approach to the Structure of Hom. 6 BENJAMIN DE VOS Ghent University Introduction This contribution offers, in the first place (1), a structural and rhetorical reading of the debates on the third day between Clement and Appion in the Pseudo-Clem- entine Homilies (Hom. 6) and shows that there is a well-considered rhetorical ring structure in their disputes. Connected with this first point (2), the suggested read- ing will unravel how Clement and Appion use and manipulate their sophisticated rhetoric, linked to this particular structure. This is well worth considering since these debates deal with Greek paideia, which means culture and above all educa- tion, of which rhetorical education forms part. The rhetorical features will be dis- played as a fine product of the rhetorical and even sophistic background in Late Antiquity. Clement, moreover, will present himself as a master in rhetoric against Appion, who is presented as a sophist and a grammarian in the Pseudo-Clemen- tine Homilies. Until now, the Pseudo-Clementine research context concerning Hom. 6 has focused on two aspects. First, several researchers have examined to which tradition of Orphic Cosmogonies the Homilistic version, included in the speech of Appion, belongs. Secondly, according to some scholars, the disputes between Appion and Clement have an abrupt ending. However, they have not looked at the structure and function of the general debate between Clement and Appion and of the whole work. Finally (3), the reappraisal of the rhetorical dy- namics in and the narrative structure of Hom.
    [Show full text]
  • 1-30 Indian Influence on Mani Reconsidered the Case of J
    International Journal of Jaina Studies (Online) Vol. 5, No. 2 (2009) 1-30 INDIAN INFLUENCE ON MANI RECONSIDERED THE CASE OF JAINISM Max Deeg & Iain Gardner In 2005 Iain Gardner published an article with the title: “Some comments on Mani and Indian religions according to the Coptic Kephalaia”.1 The most important reference point for the following paper is that he argued that some of the terms found in the Coptic text (bouddas, aurentes, kebellos / kebullos) are transliterations of Indian terms (Skt. buddha, arhat, kevala / kevalin) and that they can be traced to Buddhist or – and this is a new aspect brought into the discussion by Gardner – Jain concepts and traditions. The following article will re-examine the hypothesis of Indian influence on Manichaeism in general and the possible share of Jainism in particular. It will take into account recent results of South-Asian philology and archaeology, and try to contextualize singular points from the previous paper in a more detailed way. It is an interesting fact that consideration about possible Indian influence on Western (in the purely geographical sense) religions has been mainly restricted to Buddhism. This reflects, in our opinion, some of the dangers in a diffusionist approach to the history of ideas or religions; and it may be worthwhile to ponder on the pros and contras before embarking on a journey to discover such historical influence of one religious strand on another: Indian religions on Manichaeism. To retrieve the diffusion of a certain phenomenon or concept from one cultural realm to another easily lends itself to complication through simplification.2 There is – and 1 Gardner 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pneumatology of Ephrem the Syrian
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Dissertations (2009 -) Projects Fire in the Bread, Life in the Body: The Pneumatology of Ephrem the Syrian David Kiger Marquette University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Kiger, David, "Fire in the Bread, Life in the Body: The Pneumatology of Ephrem the Syrian" (2020). Dissertations (2009 -). 913. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/913 FIRE IN THE BREAD, LIFE IN THE BODY: THE PNEUMATOLOGY OF EPHREM THE SYRIAN by David Wesley Kiger, B.C.M, B.Th., M.Div. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2020 ABSTRACT FIRE IN THE BREAD, LIFE IN THE BODY: THE PNEUMATOLOGY OF EPHREM THE SYRIAN David Wesley Kiger, B.C.M., B.Th., M.Div. Marquette University, 2020 The fourth century debates about the status and personhood of the Son later expanded to reflections on the status and person of the Holy Spirit. In this dissertation I examine the pneumatology of Ephrem the Syrian, who is often over-looked in discussions about fourth century pneumatology. I argue that Ephrem displays a high pneumatology that fits within the broad contours of the pro-Nicene movement. I begin with a discussion of Ephrem’s Syriac heritage and focus on the themes and language surrounding the Holy Spirit in pre-Nicene Syriac texts. Pre-Nicene Syriac authors speak about the Spirit’s role in liturgical practices, often using feminine or maternal language to describe the Spirit’s work.
    [Show full text]
  • New Perspectives on Early Christian and Late Antique Apocryphal Texts and Traditions
    Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey (Zürich) Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) · James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Hans-Josef Klauck (Chicago, IL) · Tobias Nicklas (Regensburg) J. Ross Wagner (Durham, NC) 349 Rediscovering the Apocryphal Continent: New Perspectives on Early Christian and Late Antique Apocryphal Texts and Traditions Edited by Pierluigi Piovanelli and Tony Burke With the collaboration of Timothy Pettipiece Mohr Siebeck Pierluigi Piovanelli, born 1961; 1987 MA; 1992 PhD; Professor of Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity at the University of Ottawa (Ontario, Canada). Tony Burke, born 1968; 1995 MA; 2001 PhD; Associate Professor of Early Christianity at York University (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). ISBN 978-3-16-151994-9 / eISBN 978-3-16-157495-5 unveränderte eBook-Ausgabe 2019 ISSN 0512-1604 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum NeuenT estament) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohr.de This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproduc- tions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Martin Fischer inT übingen using Minion Pro typeface, printed by Gulde-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Spinner in Otters- weier. Printed in Germany. This volume is dedicated to the memories of Pierre Geoltrain (1929–2004) and François Bovon (1938–2013), without whom nothing of this would have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Klijn.Qxd 5/27/2003 4:00 PM Page I
    NTS-108-klijn.qxd 5/27/2003 4:00 PM Page i THE ACTS OF THOMAS NTS-108-klijn.qxd 5/27/2003 4:00 PM Page ii SUPPLEMENTS TO NOVUM TESTAMENTUM EDITORIAL BOARD C.K. BARRETT, Durham - P. BORGEN, Trondheim J.K. ELLIOTT, Leeds - H. J. DE JONGE, Leiden A. J. MALHERBE, New Haven M. J. J. MENKEN, Utrecht - J. SMIT SIBINGA, Amsterdam Executive Editors M.M. MITCHELL, Chicago & D.P. MOESSNER, Dubuque VOLUME CVIII NTS-108-klijn.qxd 5/27/2003 4:00 PM Page iii THE ACTS OF THOMAS INTRODUCTION, TEXT, AND COMMENTARY SECOND REVISED EDITION by A.F.J. KLIJN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2003 NTS-108-klijn.qxd 5/27/2003 4:00 PM Page iv This book is printed on acid-free paper. First edition: 1962. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Acts of Thomas. English. The acts of Thomas : introduction, text, and commentary by A.F.J. Klijn. – 2nd rev. ed. p. cm. — (Supplements to Novum Testamentum, ISSN 0167-9732 ; v. 108) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-12937-5 (alk. paper) I. Klijn, Albertus Frederik Johannes. II. Title. II. Series. BS2880.T4A3 2003 299'.925–dc21 2003052100 ISSN 0167-9732 ISBN 90 04 12937 5 © Copyright 2003 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • At the Left Hand of Christ: the Arch-Heretic Marcion
    At the Left Hand of Christ: The Arch-Heretic Marcion by Sebastian Moll PhD, The University of Edinburgh, 2009 2 Franz Fröhlke, meinem Lehrer It is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation. Herman Melville 3 CONTENTS Abstract 6 Abbreviatons of Patristic Sources 7 Preface 9 Introduction 10 I. Problems of Sources 22 I.1 Polycarp’s Second Letter to the Philippians 24 I.2 Ptolemy’s Letter to Flora 27 I.3 The Elder in Irenaeus’ Adversus Haereses 32 I.4 The Carmen adversus Marcionitas 37 I.5 Conclusion 41 II. Marcion’s Life 42 III. Marcion’s Gods 70 III.1 The Evil God 71 1.1 The Development of Marcionite Theology 71 1.2 The Evil God as the God of the Old Testament 86 III.2 The Good God 93 2.1 The Testimony of the Gospel (according to Luke) 93 2.2 The Testimony of Paul 100 III.3 Parallels to Gnosticism? 103 3.1 Traits which link Marcion to the Gnosis 104 3.2 Traits which separate Marcion from the Gnosis 106 3.3 Conclusion 107 III.4 Conclusion 109 4 IV. Marcion’s Bible 110 IV.1 The Old Testament 113 1.1 Marcion’s Literalism 113 1.2 The Place of the Old Testament in Marcion’s Canon 117 IV.2 The New Testament 119 2.1 The Conspiracy Theory 119 2.2 The Corpus Paulinum 121 2.2.1 Marcion’s Use of Paul 121 2.2.2 The Content of Marcion’s Apostolikon 123 2.3 The Gospel 126 IV.3 Marcion’s Canon 147 IV.4 Conclusion 152 V.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation of Conflict in Church Music History
    Musical Offerings Volume 5 Number 2 Fall 2014 Article 3 11-4-2014 Ancient Worship Wars: An Investigation of Conflict in Church Music History Michael J. Wood Cedarville University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings Part of the Ethnomusicology Commons, Fine Arts Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Musicology Commons, Music Performance Commons, and the Music Theory Commons DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Recommended Citation Wood, Michael J. (2014) "Ancient Worship Wars: An Investigation of Conflict in Church Music History," Musical Offerings: Vol. 5 : No. 2 , Article 3. DOI: 10.15385/jmo.2014.5.2.3 Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings/vol5/iss2/3 Ancient Worship Wars: An Investigation of Conflict in Church Music History Document Type Article Abstract The purpose of this research is to prove that conflict in church music is nothing new. Even in the time of the early church fathers, dissenting views on what were acceptable and unacceptable practices in church music were present. The music of the 2nd century through the 14th century is examined.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Ancient Apocryphal Gospels
    MARKus BOcKMuEhL Ancient Apocryphal Gospels Interpretation Resources for the Use of Scripture in the Church BrockMuehl_Pages.indd 3 11/11/16 9:39 AM © 2017 Markus Bockmuehl First edition Published by Westminster John Knox Press Louisville, Kentucky 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26—10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the pub- lisher. For information, address Westminster John Knox Press, 100 Witherspoon Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202- 1396. Or contact us online at www.wjkbooks.com. Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. and are used by permission. Map of Oxyrhynchus is printed with permission by Biblical Archaeology Review. Book design by Drew Stevens Cover design by designpointinc.com Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Bockmuehl, Markus N. A., author. Title: Ancient apocryphal gospels / Markus Bockmuehl. Description: Louisville, KY : Westminster John Knox Press, 2017. | Series: Interpretation: resources for the use of scripture in the church | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016032962 (print) | LCCN 2016044809 (ebook) | ISBN 9780664235895 (hbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781611646801 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Apocryphal Gospels—Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Apocryphal books (New Testament)—Criticism, interpretation, etc. Classification: LCC BS2851 .B63 2017 (print) | LCC BS2851 (ebook) | DDC 229/.8—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016032962 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48- 1992.
    [Show full text]