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Notes Introductory to the Study of The I B. H. Til NOTES INTRODUCTORY TO THE STUDY OF THE CLEMENTINE RECOGNITIONS NOTES INTRODUCTORY TO THE STUDY OF THE CLEMENTLNE RECOGNITIONS A COURSE OF LECTURES BY FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT D.D. SOMETIME HULSEAN PROFESSOR AND LADY MARGARET S READER IN DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE HLon&on MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1901 All rights reserved PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS NOTE. book contains the notes made by Dr Hort THISfor a course of Lectures which he delivered in Cambridge as Hulsean Professor in the October Term, 1884. They were written out almost in full, and are printed substantially as they stand. It is clear from the Preface, which was found in the same box with the Lecture Notes, that Dr Hort had intended to publish them. They form a natural supplement to the volume of Lectures on Judaistic Christianity printed in 1894. The subject was one which clearly had a strong attraction for him as one of the earliest attempts to grapple seriously with some of the most indestruct ible problems of life and thought, from a point of view substantially, however imperfectly, Christian. His copies both of the Recognitions and of the Homilies bear the marks of careful and repeated study, the fruits of which are only indirectly repre sented in these Notes. Among other things he had compiled a full Index Verborum for the Recog nitions/ which it has not seemed worth while to vi NOTE print in this volume, but which will gladly be put at the service of any editor of the text of the Recognitions. A Comparative Analysis of Horn. i. iii. and i. to test the Rec. iii., drawn up, apparently theory of an original volume of Preachings of Peter, has been printed as an Appendix. Hort wrote 1 a made Prof. Since Dr , discovery by Armitage Robinson has seriously affected the bearing of the most important item in the early evidence. The effect of the discovery is decidedly to strengthen the main point of Dr Hort s conclusion, viz. the late date which he assigns for the origin of this literature. It has, however, of course affected the validity of a certain number of subsidiary deductions. I have thought it best to call attention by the use of square brackets to words and sentences which there is no doubt that Dr Hort would himself have corrected in consequence of this discovery. I am responsible for the Table of Contents and the Marginal Analyses. In the revision of proofs and the verification of references I have to acknowledge the kind help of the Rev. J. M. Schulhof, M.A. J. O. F. MURRAY. 1 vSee note on p. 25. EMMANUEL COLLEGE. October Jth, 1901. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE . xiii THE ORIGIN AND DATE OF THE CLEMENTINE LITERATURE. Subject of the Course I Relation to the Homilies . I Importance of the Clementine Literature ... 3 Materials for Criticism. List of portions of the literature now extant ... 4 Documents appended to the Homilies ... 4 The Epitome ......... 4 Editions for the use of students . 5 List of writings called Clement s 8 History of printed editions . n MSS. of the Homilies 14 MSS. of the Epitome 15 * MSS. of the Recognitions . 15 Summary . 16 Supplementary Materials. (1) Titles prefixed to MSS. of the Homilies . 17 (2) Titles implied in the Epistle of Peter to James and in the Adjuration 18 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE (3) Title in the Epistle of Clement to James and in the Paris MS. of the Homilies 18 (4) Titles of the Epitome 21 (5) Title in the Preface to the Recognitions . 22 (6) Title in MSS. of the Recognitions ... 23 (7) Titles in Syriac MSS 24 The Evidence of Ancient Writers. The Second Century blank 24 The Philocalia explicit [but not from Origen] . 24 Origen in Matthaeum 28 1 Compare Opus imperfectum in Matthaeum" . 30 Hippolytus silent 31 Eusebius on the writings of St Peter .... 32 on the Canon 32 on Clement ,, ....... 33 for . No independent evidence Peter and Appion"* 35 The evidence of Epiphanius to nep/oSoi 35 The Opus imperfectum in Matthaeum ... 43 The evidence of Jerome ....... 49 The evidence of Rufinus . 53 Paulinus ad Rufinum . 55 Pseudo-Athanasius 56 The Chronicon Paschale 57 The evidence of Photius 61 The Decretum Gelasianum ...... 65 The list found in MSS. of Anastasius of Sinai . 67 The list at the end of the Chronography of Nicephorus 68 The Synopsis of Athanasius 71 Florilegia and later Chroniclers 72 The history of Rufinus translation 75 Summary of the Patristic Evidence .... 76 The evidence of the Syriac version .... 78 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Conclusions. PAGE Recognitions and Homilies exist side by side in Cent. IV.......... 80 Both derived from a common original = IIepioSoi . 81 Relation to Helxai ....... 83 Helxai in Palestine c. 250 .... 84 Helxai in Rome c. 220 .... 84 Date of Helxai c. 200 ..... 85 Same date probable for Hepiodoi . 87 * Recognitions and Homilies abridgements of ITepioSot 88 Homilies composed in the East ..... 89 Recognitions probably in Rome ..... 90 Possible antecedents of IZcpCoSot. (Prima facie evidence in the Epistle of Peter to James for a work ascribed directly to St Peter containing simply reports of his preaching without reference to the family romance of Clement.) The Epistle of Clement to James akin to Recognitions not Homilies ........ 91 Not so the Epistle of Peter to James and the Adjura tion .......... 92 Outline of the Epistle of Peter to James . 92 Outline of the Adjuration V ...... 94 This constitutes primafacie evidence for Udrpov Krjpvy^ara 95 Further evidence alleged from Recognitions and Homilies. (a] Direct. Horn. i. 2o=Rec. i. 17 inconclusive .... 96 (b} Indirect. (i) Evidence for a work limited to Caesarea. Bare evidence for a common original for Recognitions and Homilies, i.e. for Ilcpiodoi, is not in point here . 98 x TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE The limitation of recorded discussions to Cassarea in conclusive . ..... 99 No corroboration in Apost. Const, vi. 8f. 100 Nor from the Table of Contents, Rec. iii. 75, shewn by careful comparison with contents of Rec. i iii. 101 to be probably due to the author of nep/oSoi . 108 (2) Evidence of successive recensions. No clear signs of opposition to any heresies except those of Simon and Marcion ...... 109 Counter evidence. Prima facie evidence for a connexion between the Editor of the Homilies and the Author of the Epistle of Peter and the Adjuration ..... in in spite of (1) supposed discrepancies in attitude towards O.T. 113 and Circumcision . 114 (2) the use of the title 6 e xdpbs avOponTros for St Paul found in Epistle of Peter 2 (not in Homilies) and Rec. i. 70 73 ........ 114 Rec. i. 7073 probably derived from The Steps of James by the author of HeptoSoi . .115 The Steps of James, as the use of Archiepiscopus shews, cannot be very early ...... 116 The use of the enemy in the Epistle of Peter is there fore no conclusive sign of an early date . 119 Conclusion. The Epistle of Peter and the Adjuration probably written by the editor of the Homilies (no evidence for any separate Tlerpov K^pvy^ara) . 119 St Paul and Simon Magus. Signs of animosity to St Paul under the mask of Simon Magus in the Homilies ..... 120 in the Recognitions . .122 TABLE OF CONTENTS xi PAGE No reason to doubt the historical character of Simon . 124 Lipsius (who regards the conflicts with Simon at Rome, recorded in the Acts of Peter and Paul, as originally part of the same legend, and assumes that Simon is throughout only St Paul in disguise) forgets that the normal route from Caesarea to Rome lay along the Syrian coast 127 and ignores the difficulty of regarding the appearance of Paul in the Acts of Peter and Paul as an interpo lation 130 Conclusion. The Clementine Literature probably the work of a Syrian Helxaite c. 200 130 DOCTRINE OF THE RECOGNITIONS. Its composite character as combining elements due to the Author of the HepioSot with elements due to the Editor of Recognitions 133 The influence of the Translator . .134 The starting point of the system is found in Human responsibility based on Knowledge of the Good and on Free Will 134 This leads to a mercantile conception of Righteousness 135 but springs from a genuine zeal for Purity . 136 The Law defines sources of defilement . .137 Baptism taking the place of Sacrifices . .138 Christ the Interpreter of the Law . .138 His Pre-existence 139 His Anointing as Prophet . 139 xii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE He is Judge as well as Teacher 139 No trace of Atonement 139 The doctrine of Creation 140 The Creation of Man . .140 Baptism and the doctrine of the Trinity . 140 The Fall of Man 141 Evil Spirits 141 3 Conclusion. Special interest as Pioneer work . 141 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HOM. i. in. AND REC. i. in., pp. 145 158. PREFACE. r I ^HE following Notes are a contribution towards -* the solution of some of the questions connected with the writings usually known as the Clementine literature. Seventy years ago a new spirit was breathed into the study of the inner life of Chris tian antiquity by Neander s historical writings. The peculiar interest of the Clementine literature could not escape the notice of one who followed with such warm and careful sympathy even the most seemingly eccentric movements of religious thought, and he made it the subject of an appendix to his essay on " " the principal Gnostic systems. From that time the Clementine literature has received a large measure of attention, and has even been taken by one great school of criticism as the principal key to the true history of the apostolic age.
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