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Female Sexuality FEMALESEXUALITY TheEarly Psychoanalytic Controversies Editedby Russe/lGrigg, Dominique Hecq, ondCraig Smith KARNAC Early Stagesof the Oedipus Conflict 76 Melanie Klein l1 The Evolution of the Oedipus Complex in Women 159 The papers rncludeC ::-.i leanneLampl de Groot :l,ternattonal lourna, j .{braham's'Ongrns ar.d 1,2 Womanliness as a Masquerade 772 appeared rn hls Se,e::cx loan Riaiere H om osexua htl" app'ea red llv Psvchmnalvtrc Qua,:a 13 The Significance of Masochism in the Mental Lile of iohan van Ophuu-n F:er Women 183 h'omen to the Dutch Psvc: HeleneDeutsch ictnes read a paper on ( .{,nah'tical Socieh T4 The Pregenital Antecedents of the Oedipus Complex 195 Though these pape:: a Otto Fenichel 'rairtr', and though sc':r.e rt'here,they have never br 15 On FemaleHomosexuality 220 rt'ho has read these paFte!.,l HeleneDeutsch ol female sexualirr But rl : :here are two further corLqtr The Dread of Woman: Obselvations on a Specific .lebate that take place I'ett Dfference in the Dread Felt by Men and Women s:derable impact ther nac Respectively for the Opposite Sex 24r 'ieses. The papers ha...ea : I(arenHorney today'will also shon ther , s:de psl'choanalvslsor rer: The Denial of the Vagina: a Contribution to the We have correctai s Problem of the Genital Anxieties Specific to Women 253 spellrng errors in the cnFr I(arenHorney .r' accessibleversron-q e: :. the references.Thrs u^cluC Passivity, Masochism and Femininity 26 been altered to volune al Marie Bonaparte CompletePsychologrca;,i :-r Press and the lnshtute -.i P Early FemaleSexuality w5 The articles have b,,er?r Ernestlones of publication. The or,e err op€ns the collection. Tr:-. Bibliography zfrc debated in the literar.rre : Index 293 BiographicalNotes acted as witness when she married the composer Mark Brunswick. On r:n r :?:ro Monday 14 September 1936,she filmed the Freuds'golden wedding cele- r -r: :f ?.t? i brations. rrft"-]\' ftU -1 1 HeleneDeutsch (1884 - 1982) i =-. ,.--rt . | -i " Helene Deutsch spent her childhood in what is now Poland. In 1907 ar.-rj r :r:rG:Efl? Deutsch enrolled at the Universig of Vienna to train as a doctor and went r.n'rtD * rl I on to specialize in psychiatry. By 1918 she had joined the Vierura :1 irtsf ir r€r Psychoanalytic Society and shortly afterwards began an analysis with l"-r'r.&|rlf- Frj I 7y, Freud, She rapidly came to prominence in the Society and in 1924 was -r;r.ra-i-J I tl appointed head of the Society's newly established Training Institute. In rrFr}rattu-f 1935Deutsch migrated to the United Statesto take up a position in Boston, t :r"f.fl-'r :L.fIl where she remained, teaching, writing and analysing turtil her death in ry r:!: i.:.l3 r :r 1982.Her later views on female sexuality are to be found in her two vol- r;al';rr-Y =f F"t ume work, ThePsychology of Womat =.rt? G!?a fr: : rl i t!-r :F^ "113-3!--rf, Otto Fenichel(7898 - 1946) .-rrt ?TnaFr I I fu:srrIr Otto Fenichel was one of the younger members of the Berlin group. Hr: : :5 ;ga Analyzed by the Hungarian analyst Sandor Rado, Fenichel went on to | 3'1r.-' establish himself as a highly regarded teacherand practitioner of psycho- analysis. His pedagogic reputation led to a number of positions in the 'lf: 1930s,culminating in a training position in Los Angeles in 1938.Shortly *rsqa .-fr before his prcmature death at the age of 48, Fenichel published what has been described as a 'classictextbook' of psychoanalysis,Tlu Psychoanalytic l-r--r -e :F Fr Theoryof Neurosis. $r 'Uft--r, :f lr td ;-rr: :-A7'= a f rFfl :'-'lrl KarenHorney /1885- 1952) irrer i*:r=r;= I ttrlrlt r{!f. =.I' : Karen Homey trained as a doctor at the University of Berlin and went on rf f..l-- AS"tlE to train in psychiatry and psychoanalysis.She was in analysis with Karl E:frl..r f ff Abraham and then Hans Sachs.ln responseto the rise of Nazism in 1932 rr: r*c..cr: -r*i Horney migrated to the United States,first to Chicago under the sponsor- ftf& .tfl t.|grF:"1 ship of Franz Alexander, then to New York. ln 1941 the New York lll ftfr.1 :i*- -.1 Psychoanalytic lnstitute withdrew her name as a training analyst and r€tu:r -t A-*"+ri1 instructor. Horney resigned and was active in founding an altemative group, the American Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. In the United Statesher work came increasingly to emphasisecultural fac- BiographicalNotes the compooer Mark Bnrnswick. On tors in the determination of psychopathology. This is particularly evident red the Freuds' golden wedding cele- in two of her late, popular work, Thc NanroticPnsonality of Our Time and Neurosisand Huttun Grwth. Ernestlona 0879 - 1958) rd rn whrat is now Poland. In 1907 Freud's biographer, Ernest |ones was a relentlesscampaigner for psycho- i \"cnna to train as a doctor and went analysis. He was a maior figure in the for,rnding and subsequent running ' l91E she had joined the Vienna of the British Psycho-Analytical Society and the American Psychoanalytic dterwards began an analysis with Association and would later become president of the lntemational n the Society and in 7924 was Psychoanalytical Association for an unequalled term of seventeenyears. yh'"rre estabhshedTraining lnstitute. In Joneswas a prolific writer and noted polerticist in psychoanalytic matters. Statesto take up a position in Boston, He originally trained as a doctor and specialized in psychiatry befonecom- ng and analysing until her death in ing into Freud's circle around the same time as Karl Abraham. [t was at his nirn' are to be found in her two vol- suggestion that Freud established the secret irurer Soup known as the 'Committee', made up of the test and most trustworthy' of Freud's fol- lowers; and it was fones that Freud described as'a fanatic who smiles at my faint-heartedness'.On the other hand, Jones'swritings on female sex- uality representa major break with Freud's position, reiecting what he was the first to term Frcud's 'phallocentrism'. Jones'sPaPers have been Pub- rt?r sr€mbers of the Berlin group. lished in his Papers on Psycho-Arulysisand Esvys in Applied Psycho- Sendor Rado, Fenichel went on to Analysis, J exher and practitioner of psycho- .cd to a nurtber of positions in the bon rn L"c Angeles in 1938.Shortly Melanie Klein fi882 - 1950) r oi 16, F.eruchelpublished what has ci psvchoanaly sis, Tlu Psychoanalytic Klein has been one of the most influential, albeit controversial, figures in the history of psychoanalysis.The paper included here is from her early period, presented shortly after she had settled in [.ondon. Klein was bom in Vienna, but moved to Hungary in 1909 and entered analysis with Sdndor Ferenczi. After the counter-revolution in Budapest in 191.9she moved again, this time to Berlin, whete she undertook a further analysis he Unrversity of Berlin and went on with Karl Abraham. Around this time Klein b"g* developing the Play Jlsrs She was in analysis with Karl technique in order to facilitate analysis with very young children. Klein pdrs€ to the rise of Nazism in 1932 also introduced new conceptsand a new emphasis in orientation for Psy- . first to Chicagounder the sponsor- choanalysts, especially in regard to the emergenceof psychical processes ve*' York. In 1941 the New York in infancy. Her nwnerous publications have appeared in a four-.volume er na.me as a training analyst and edition, The Writings of Melanie Klein. i rctrve in founding an alternative he Advancementof Psychoanalysis. reasrngly to emphasisecultural fac- 16 The Dread ubcequentidentification with the once loved of Woman: Obsen'atione on a Specific Difference in the ss of a Caseof Homosexualityin a Woman Dread Felt by Men and women Respectively for the opposite sex I bv Otto Fenicheltn Pmtersionen,Psychoxn Karcn Horney (1932) |nanalytrscherVerlag, 1932) (English trans- rl hychoanalysis', PsychmnnlyticQunrtulu s rs Freud'scase. These cases also represenr ln ternationalI ournal of Psy clw- Atulysis 13( I 932):348{0 eectionto being disappointedby him. I Fcmale Sexuality',above, Y,nrenHorney's paper startswith a meditationon poetry 2l22343. toforeground the ideas (water) en Scrwlfunktionen(Vienna: Internationaler of womanas otherand as prirul element tlut swallowsup theman who is seduced.Horney suggeststhat run striws to free himselffrom the dreadof womanby seekingobiectiue groundsfor it and shewarns against the cultural con- sequencesof this stateof ffiirs. ThusHorney really asPatwo questionshere: Why this dreadof woman,which is ktpt setet as a strategyin suyport of male self- respect?And why thisabhorrefice, or fear, of theaagina tlut is soblatant in male homosexuality,fetishism and in the dreamsof aII maleanalysands, and yet so oftenconcealed behind the dread of thefather? Her reply is that the masculinedread of womanas motheror of thefemale genital is more deep-seatedand morc strongly repressedthan the dreadof the father. Moreouer,the father is more tangibleand fearing him leaaesmale self- esteemintact. Furtherquestions follow fro^ here:Wlut is theorigin of thisanxiety? And whdtare its cluracteristics? Horneydisputes Freud's idea tlut the vaginaremains 'undiscoaered'for the child and notes,along with Carl Miiller-Braunschweig,tlut thephallic impulse as such is a desireto penetrate,She infers tlut the little boy imaginesa comple- mentaryfemale organ. The 'undiscoaered'tngina is thueforea denieduagina. The Iittle boy'sanxiety is linlcedto theprohibition of instinctual actiaitiesenforced by the mother,to his erperienceof sadisticimpulses towards the mother'sbody and to the specificfate of the genitalimpulseq The masculine dread of womanis thus a narcissisticanxiety, FinaIIy,note too that Horney alsodisputes the equations male=sadistic and female=masochistic.
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