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Chua 222 Pamantasang De La Salle Maynila Pangalawang Pangulo, Philippine Historical Association

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Chua 222 Pamantasang De La Salle Maynila Pangalawang Pangulo, Philippine Historical Association THE JVAN LVNA CODE: Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan Gamit ang “Parisian Life” 1 Michael Charleston B. Chua 222 Pamantasang De La Salle Maynila Pangalawang Pangulo, Philippine Historical Association Ang bawat museo ay may isang tampok na likhang-sining na maituturing na pinakamahalagang obra maestra ng kanilang koleksyon: Kung Spoliarium ni Juan Luna ang sa Pambansang Museo, at Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas Al Populacho ni Felix Resureccion Hidalgo ang sa Metropolitan Museum of Manila , ang Parisian Life naman ang sa GSIS Museo ng Sining . Bagama’t mas maliit at hindi ganoong kapopular ang isa pang likhang sining na ito ni Luna noong 1892, hindi ito pahuhuli sa kontrobersiya nang bilhin ito ng Paseguruhan ng mga Naglilingkod sa Pamahalaan (GSIS) sa Christie’s sa Hongkong noong 2002 sa halagang Php 46 Milyon. Maraming kumuwestiyon sa paggamit ng GSIS ng pera ng bayan sa pagbili nito bagama’t bilang isang investment na hindi nababawasan ang halaga, nananatili itong asset sa pondo ng GSIS. Kung pagbabatayan ang iba nitong pangalan na Intérieur d'un Café , ipinapakita ng pinturang ito ang isang babaeng nakaupo sa isang kapihang Pranses at pinagmamasdan ng tatlong lalakeng nag-uusap. Pangunahin nang ibinatay sa mga datos at puntos na ibinibigay ng ekspertong si Dr. Eric Zerrudo sa kanyang tatlong-oras na lektura ukol sa tatlong interpretasyon ng Parisian Life , at sa sarili kong karanasan bilang historyador, guro sa Kasaysayan, at docent/tour guide/historian- on-board , sisikapin ng aking presentasyon na ipakita ang gamit ng obra maestrang upang paigtingin ang interes ng mga bata sa Kasaysayan, liban pa sa mga asignaturang MAPE at Art History . Sa pamamagitan ng Parisian Life , maaaring ipakilala sina Juan Luna, José Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Gregoria de Jesus, Juan Nakpil, ang Kilusang Propaganda, ang Katipunan at ang Himagsikang Pilipino, maging ang mga hindi kilalang bayani na katulad ni Dr. Ariston Bautista-Lin. Lalakbayin ang Pilipinas, Espanya, Pransya at Hongkong, at ipakilala ang konsepto ng sining bilang salamin ng mga tunay na pangyayari at ang kahalagahan ng Heritage . Lahat ng ito sa isang peregrinasyon upang mahayag ang isang misteryo: Sino ang babae sa likhang-sining? Sa huli, maaaring itanong, hindi kung ano ang halaga ng obra maestra sa bayan, kundi ano ba ang halaga natin bilang isang bayan sa harap ng obrang ito upang maging nararapat sa pamanang kahusayan at kabayanihan ng ating mga ninuno. Bilang mga guro ng Kasaysayan, magagamit natin ang likhang ito sa napakahalagang misyon upang udyukin ang mga bata na mahalin ang bayan at mga pamana nito tungo sa kaginhawaan ng lahat tulad ng binanggit ni Andres Bonifacio, “Ampunin ang bayan kung nasa ay lunas pagka’t ginhawa niya ay para sa lahat.” 1 Para sa Ika-apat na Arts Congress ng Pamantasang De La Salle Maynila na may temang “Culture and Arts in Nation Building ” noong hapon ng 16 Pebrero 2011 sa Silid 507, Bulwagang Don Enrique T. Yuchengco, Pamantasang De La Salle, Lungsod ng Maynila. Unang binasa sa Pambansang Kumperensya ng Kapisanang Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas (Philippine Historical Association) na may temang “Sining sa Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan” noong hapon ng 17 Setyembre 2010 sa Museo ng Sining ng Paseguruhan ng mga Naglilingkod sa Pamahalaan (GSIS), Lungsod ng Pasay, Kalakhang Maynila. 2 Maaaring maabot sa [email protected] at sa facebook . Ang kanyang bahay-dagitab (websayt) ay matatagpuan sa http://michaelxiaochua.multiply.com, habang ang bahay-dagitab ng kanyang mga babasahin sa kasaysayan ay sa http://balanghay.multiply.com. Mapapanood din siya bilang panelista sa The Bottomline With Boy Abunda tuwing Sabado ng gabi sa ABS- CBN. “Pagsikapang magkaroon ng anumang karunungan na tumutugon sa kanyang hilig upang pakinabangan ng Ang pangunahing batis ng mga popular na interpretasyon bayan.” at marami sa mga datos ukol sa “Parisian Life” ay nagmula sa mga tatlong oras na lektura ni Dr. Eric Babar -Gregoria de Jesus Zerrudo, kasalukuyang Direktor ng Metropolitan Museum of Manila, dating Direktor ng GSIS Museo ng Si Kevin ay isang guro sa Araling Panlipunan sa hayskul. Sining, at Director for Administration ng UST Center for Ngunit tila nahihirapan siyang gawing interesante ang the Conservation of Cultural Property and the kanyang asignatura para sa kanyang mga estudyante. Environment in the Tropics. Utang sa kanya ang lahat Tanong niya sa sarili, “Ano ba maaari kong gawin? Ano ng ito. 3 Ang akin lamang papel ay kung paano gamitin kaya ang susi upang mabuksan ko ang interes ng mga ang kanyang lektura sa pagtuturo ng mahahalagang mga bata sa kahalagahan ng sining at kasaysayan?” pangyayari at tao sa ating kasaysayan at paglilinaw na rin ng ibang kontrobersiya sa ating nakaraan. Kaya nagtungo siya sa kumperensya ng Philippine Historical Association sa GSIS Museo ng Sining noong I. ANO ANG “PARISIAN LIFE”? Setyembre 2010 at doon niya nakilala ang isang kapwa guro sa kasaysayan na nagpakita sa kanya na maaaring gawing susi sa interes ng mga bata ang isang obra maestra ni Juan Luna! Ano nga ba ang JVAN LVNA CODE? Ang papel na ito ay isang paglalakbay sa mga interpretasyon at mga salaysay sa likod ng kontrobersyal na pinturang “Parisian Life” ni Juan Luna, na nagkakahalaga ng Php 46 Milyon, at ang pakinabang nito sa pagpukaw ng interes ng madla sa kasaysayan at pagtuturo ng tatlong aral—(1) na magaling ang Pilipino, (2) na kabayanihan ang paggamit at pagpapaunlad ng iyong talento, (3) pangangalaga sa pamanang kultural— materyal o di-materyal—ng bansa. “Parisian Life,” kuha ni Michael Charleston B. Chua Ang “Parisian Life” ay isang obra maestra ni Juan Luna na nagpapakita ng isang babaeng Pranses habang pinag- uusapan ng tatlong lalaki sa loob ng isang kapihan sa Paris. Kilala rin ito sa tawag na “ Intérieur d'un Café,” “The Maid,” at “Un Coquette” (Ang malandi). Ito ay may sukat na 22 x 31 in. (57 x 79 cm.), oleo sa kanbas. Ito ay ipininta niya sa Paris at may petsang 1892 na pirmado ng “LVNA Paris 1892.” Sa taon ding ito natapos ang kinikilalang pinakamagandang likha ni Luna, ang mural na Peuple et Rois (People and Kings , na sa kasamaang palad ay nasunog sa opisina ng kanyang anak noong panahon ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig). Ayon sa katalogo ng Christie’s: Parisian Life offers the best features of the artist's work from the Paris period, 3 Apat na lekturang “Parisian Life” na ni Dr. Zerrudo ang aking napuntahan bagama’t una kong narinig ang kanyang mga kwento mula sa kanyang utility man na si G. Rodel Alibay, na nagbahagi ng ilang beses sa aking mga estudyante sa Kasaysayan 1 sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman ng mga kwento na natutunan niya mula kay Dr. Zerrudo. testifying to his sensitivity and skill in kumatha ng pambansang awit ng Katipunan na inialay capturing a fleeting moment of ordinary sa kaarawan ni Bonifacio noong Nobyembre 1896 sa life, and imbuing it with personality and Balara, habang nakikibaka sa mga Espanyol. Ang universal emotions (Christie’s 2002). pamagat ng martsa ay “Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan”: Ang may-ari ng obra ay si Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin / Lim, isang propagandista. Ito ay nagwagi ng Medalyang Pilak Mabuhay yaong Kalayaan sa Philippine Exhibit ng St Louis Exposition noong 1904. At Pasulungin ang puri’t kabanalan Sa parehong eksibisyon dinala ng mga Amerikano ang Kastila’y mailing ng Katagalugan mga katutubong Pilipino upang ipamalas, tulad ng mga At ngayo’y ipagbunyi ang kahusayan hayop sa zoo , ang kanilang mga pamumuhay. Ang (Ocampo 1990, 40) Philippine Exhibition ang naging pinakapopular na atraksyon ng eksposisyon. Ang sertipiko na dating Sinasabing kung si Bonifacio ay nagwagi sa tanggalian ng nakalagay sa likuran ng pintura ang nagpapatunay na kapangyarihan sa Cavite, malamang ito ang pambansang ang tunay na pangalan ng obra ay “Parisian Life.” awit natin ngayon. Sa mga titik ng awiting ito ipinakita ni Nakpil na ang Katipunan ay hindi lamang lihim na Namalagi ang obra ng maraming taon sa Bahay Nakpil- samahang rebolusyunaryo na sugod ng sugod, ngunit nag- Bautista sa Quiapo. aadshika na ang tunay na kalayaan ay nagsisimula sa pagsusulong ng puri at kabanalan (na nasasalamin sa Kartilya ng Katipunan ni Emilio Jacinto) at maging ng II. BAHAY NAKPIL-BAUTISTA: edukasyon na nagdudulot ng kahusayan. DUYAN NG “PARISIAN LIFE,” DUYAN NG MGA MAGITING Noong 1913-1914, itinayo ang malaking bahay ni Dr. Ariston Bautista sa 432 Barbosa (ngayo’y A. Bautista) sa Quiapo, Maynila. Ang mag-asawang Bautista ay walang mga anak at kasama nila sa malaking bahay ang mga kaanak na Nakpil. Dahil dito, ang bahay na ito ay nagkaroon ng distinksyon bilang tahanan ng mga naging propagandista at rebolusyunaryo. B. Gregoria de Jesus Matapos na masawi ang Supremo Andres Bonifacio noong 1897, ang kanyang 22 na taong gulang na kabiyak na si Gregoria de Jesus o “Oriang”, na nauna nang pinagtangkaan na pagsamantalahan ng pinuno ng mga kawal na humuli sa kanyang asawa, si Kol. Agapito Bonzon, ay inaruga at pinakasalan ng matalik na kaibigan ni Bonifacio na si Julio Nakpil noong 1898 (Ocampo 1999, 154-155). Ang “Lakambini ng Katipunan” ay di naglaon tumira sa Bahay-Nakpil hanggang sa ito ay sumakabilang buhay noong 1943. Tinapos niya ang Bahay Nakpil-Bautista sa Quiapo, Dekada 1930 kanyang maikling talambuhay sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng kanyang sampung habiling aral sa mga kabataan: A. Julio Nakpil 1. Igalang at mahalin ang magulang Isa sa mga tumira sa bahay ang bayaning si Julio Nakpil pagka’t ito ang pangalawang Dios sa ang isa sa mga pinagkakatiwalaang tauhan at matalik na lupa. kaibigan ng Ama ng Katipunan at ng Sambayanang 2. Alalahanin tuwina ang mga banal Pilipino na si Andres Bonifacio. Liban pa sa pagiging na aral ng mga bayani na nasawi rebolusyunaryo, kompositor pa si Julio. Siya ang dahil sa pag-ibig sa bayan.
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