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Korb Eversmannia31-32.Pdf РУССКОЕ ЭНТОМОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО Ростовское отделение Тульское отделение ЭВЕРСМАННИЯ Энтомологические исследования в России и соседних регионах Выпуск 31‐32 EVERSMANNIA Entomological research in Russia and adjacent regions Number 31‐32 Тула 2012 ББК 28.691 Э 15 Эверсманния. Энтомологические исследования в России и соседних регионах. Выпуск 31–32. — Тула: Гриф и К, 2012. — 116 с. Выпуск в простом полиграфическом исполнении. Редакционная коллегия: В.В. Аникин, Саратовский государственный университет Ю.Г. Арзанов, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Южный научный центр РАН Л.В. Большаков, г. Тула М.Л. Данилевский, г. Москва, Институт проблем экологии и эволюции РАН Л.В. Егоров, г. Чебоксары, Государственный природный заповедник «Присурский» В.В. Золотухин, Ульяновский государственный педагогический университет А.В. Свиридов, Зоологический музей МГУ Б.В. Страдомский, г. Ростов-на-Дону Редактор: Л.В. Большаков Компьютерная верстка: С.К. Корб На первой странице обложки – Eversmannia exornata (Eversmann, 1837) (Epiplemidae) (Московская обл., Раменский р-н, Хрипань, 13.07.2010) (фото: В.И. Гуменюк; дизайн: С.К. Корб). На 2-й странице обложки – Типовой материал видов рода Euphydryas Scudder, 1871 (фото: С.К. Корб, А.Ю. Матов) (к статье на с. 38 – 48). Издание выпущено при финансовой поддержке С.К. Корба (Нижний Новгород), Б.В. Страдомского (Ростов-на-Дону), Л.Б. Волковой (Москва), Е.В. Каролинского (Харьков, Украина), Л.В. Большакова (Тула). © Группа авторов, 2012 ISBN 978-5-8125-1806-6 © Издательство «Гриф и К», 2012 Эверсманния . Энтомологические исследования в Eversmannia России и соседних регионах. Вып. 31-32. 10.XII.2012: 5–37. No. 31-32. 2012 С.К. Корб г. Нижний Новгород, Русское Энтомологическое Общество (Нижегородское отделение) Систематика трибы Parnassiini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) на основании исследования четырех генов и морфологии имаго For nomenclatorial purists «form» names or lesser stature than subspecies are annoying synonymic parasites. F. Martin Brown. «Infra-subspecific names among Parnassius». 1956. P. 140 S.K. Korb. Systematics of the tribus Parnassiini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) based on the study of four genes and imago morphology. SUMMARY. In this paper, the system of the tribus Parnassiini, based on the imago morphology, larval food plants and four nucleotide sequences is presented. The tribus contains 72 species in 6 genera: Driopa, Parnassius, Tadumia, Kreizbergius, Sachaia, Koramius. The latter genus is divided into two subgenera: Koramius s.str. and Kailasius, the rest are treated as having no subgenera. The basic genitalia differences are: presence of subscaphium, two-partial saccus and leather-like sphragis (Sachaia), small stick-shaped brachium and non-flexible uncus (Driopa), stucturized and sclerotized brachium and structural peculiarities of valva (of two parts, with a very long harpe in the basal part) (Tadumia), presence of medial harpe, set of very long hairs at the valva apex and flexible uncus (Koramius), simply generalised uncus, reduced valva and absence of sphragis (Kreizbergius), uncus linked to tegumen via leather-like corrugation, harpe at the apical part of valva, horizontal orientation of valva lobes (Parnassius). The lectotypes of the following taxa are designated: Parnassius delphius infumata Austaut, 1891, P. d. shigarensis O. Bang-Haas, 1935, P. d. abramovi O. Bang-Haas, 1915, P. tianschanicus olympius Staudinger, 1898, P. acdestis priamus Bryk, 1914. The taxa Koramius hunza (Grum- Grshimailo, 1888) and K. chitralica (Verity, 1911), Parnassius mercurius Grum-Grshimailo, 1890 and P. actinobolides (O.Bang-Haas, 1928), Tadumia maharaja (Avinoff, 1916) and T. labeyriei (Weiss et Michel, 1989) are pairly conspecific due to low differences in the genes COI and NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 1 and similar male genitalia. Koramius hunza (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888) and K. chitralica (Verity, 1911) have identical male genitalia and differences in COI at 1.6 %, in NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 1 at 0.5 %. The Parnassius mercurius Grum-Grshimailo, 1890 and P. actinobolides (O.Bang-Haas, 1928) genitalia were not studied, but they are quite similar in their habitus and show very small differences in COI (0.7 %) and NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 1 (0.3 %) genes. The Tadumia maharaja (Avinoff, 1916) and T. labeyriei (Weiss et Michel, 1989) genitalia have not been studied but they have very similar habitus and very close COI differences rate (0.7 %). The specific status for the following taxa was confirmed by the COI and NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 1 genes differences: K. kiritshenkoi (Avinov, 1910), K. infernalis (Elwes, 1886), K. cardinal (Grum-Grshimailo, 1887), K. jacobsoni (Avinoff, 1913), K. staudingeri (A.Bang-Haas, 1882), K. hunza (Grum-Grshimailo, 1888). The difference rate for each of these taxa is over 2 %. The status of K. abramovi (O.Bang-Haas, 1915) as bona species was confirmed using the genitalic features of the type specimen. It differs very well from other species of the superspecies Koramius staudingeri (A.Bang-Haas, 1882): in K. abramovi the valva is very characteristic/diagnostic, consisting of two parts, as we can see in Tadumia: the dorsal surface of its basal part is a widely involute lobe (almost as long as valva), and harpe has apical position (in other members of superspecies K. staudingeri, the basal part of valva is always narrow, involute not more than by a half of the valva length, and harpa starts in the middle part of valva). A new status of Parnassius olympius Staudinger, 1891, stat.n. as bona species based on male genitalia is established: the valva of P. olympius is much wider than in P. tianschanicus Oberthür, 1879, triangular in lateral view (in P. tianschanicus it is narrow, linear-oval, the harpe of P. olympius is much longer than a half of the valva length (in P. tianschanicus, harpe is shorter than a half of the valva length, the harpe of P. olympius with apex straight, in P. tianschanicus, the apex of valva is convexed. The synonymy is established for Koramius staudingeri infumata (Austaut, 1891) = K. staudingeri inaccessibilis (Ju.Ju.Stshetkin), syn.n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CC939E23-EB71-46FF-B632-402B03415EF2 Введение Парусники, одни из самых красивых бабочек на планете, являются исключительно популярными объектами коллекционирования и изучения. Это является результатом огромного количества установленных для Papilionidae названий; бесспорным лидером здесь является род Parnassius sensu Ackery, 1975 (триба Parnassiini sensu Korshunov, 1990). Представители этого таксона имеют наибольшую ценность у коллекционеров чешуекрылых; эта их ценность настолько велика, что даже обнаружение небольшой, но ранее неизвестной популяции того или иного вида, незамедлительно приводит к ее описанию в ранге подвида. Без сомнений, мы можем говорить о Parnassius как о наиболее изученной в зоогеографическом отношении группе насекомых. Бесспорно, такая ситуация с изученностью рода – огромный положительный задел. Однако не все так радужно: популярность группы рождает громадную конкуренцию в «производстве» названий. В силу того, что одна и та же популяция часто описывается сразу несколькими авторами под разными названиями, мы имеем солидный пласт объективных синонимов, разобраться с которыми зачастую весьма и весьма не просто. Другая проблема – масса 5 описанных из пограничных локалитетов подвидов, а также форм и аберраций, статус которых не был первоначально определен как инфраподвидовой. Все эти таксоны в итоге можно рассматривать как синонимы уже существующих, но обоснование такой синонимии займет невообразимо много времени. Синонимизация осложняется тем, что Parnassiini – бабочки, не отлетающие от мест выплода на расстояния больше 1,5 – 2 (равнинные виды) или 5 – 10 (горные виды) км. Таким образом, в результате мы имеем весьма необычную картину: форсировано изучая географическую изменчивость бабочек, авторы очень часто забывают о морфологической изменчивости. Подобного абсурда не встретишь ни в одном из родов животного царства, за исключением, пожалуй, других «королей» коммерческой энтомологии – Papilio, Colias и Carabus. Имеется несколько основных взглядов на систематику трибы в зависимости от подхода к ее анализу и построению. Первая, наиболее ранняя, система Осто [Austaut, 1889], базировалась на строении сфрагисов, однако она не была оформлена в категориях зоологической номенклатуры, родовые эпитеты давались по принципам эпитетов семейства (см. ниже, список невалидных названий родовой группы), поэтому система не прижилась. Следующая система, разработанная Штихелем (H.F.E.J. Stichel) и опубликованная в книге А. Зайтца [Seitz, 1909], была построена на жилковании крыльев. Практически в то же самое время начала разрабатываться система трибы, основанная на строении генитальных структур самцов [Moore, 1902; Соколов, 1929; Bryk, 1935]. Акери [Ackery, 1975] не использовал родовые названия в предложенной им системе, заменив их на термин «group». Такая система, естественно, не могла считаться целиком разработанной ввиду ее очевидного противоречия существующим правилам зоологической номенклатуры, однако долгое время использовалась в работах большинства парнассиологов (номенклатурный курьез, далеко не единственный в энтомологии). Наконец, наиболее радикально, основываясь исключительно на признаках генитальной морфологии, реформировал систему трибы Ю.П. Коршунов [1990]: он не только установил 4 новых названия родовой группы, но также повысил статус рода Parnassius sensu Ackery, 1975 до трибы с установлением новых подтриб Parnassiina, Koramiina и Sachaenina, разделив их на роды и подроды. Работающий независимо
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