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DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUMDENVER OF NATURE & SCIENCE NUMBER 16, OCTOBER 11, 2019

SCIENCE.DMNS.ORG/MUSEUM-PUBLICATIONS Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports 2001 Colorado Boulevard (Print) ISSN 2374-7730 Denver, CO 80205, U.S.A. Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports (Online) ISSN 2374-7749 REPORTS • NUMBER 16 OCTOBER 11, 2019

Cover photo: Oreas Anglewing (Polygonia oreas nigrozephyrus Scott, 1984), Gregory Canyon, Boulder County, Colorado, USA, 2 October 1973, leg. Michael G. Pogue. Photo: Bob Livingston.

The Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports (ISSN Frank Krell, PhD, Editor and Production 2374-7730 [print], ISSN 2374-7749 [online]) is an open- access, non peer-reviewed scientiﬁ c journal publishing papers about DMNS research, collections, or other Program and Abstracts Museum related topics, generally authored or co-authored 30th Annual Meeting by Museum staff or associates. Peer review will only be arranged on request of the authors. of the High Country Lepidopterists

October 11–12, 2019 The journal is available online at science.dmns.org/ Museum-Publications free of charge. Paper copies Denver Museum of Nature & Science are available for purchase from our print-on-demand publisher Lulu (www.lulu.com). DMNS owns the copyright of the works published in the Reports, which are Frank-Thorsten Krell (Ed.) published under the Creative Commons Attribution Non- Commercial license. For commercial use of published material contact the Alfred M. Bailey Library & Archives at [email protected]. SCIENCE.DMNS.ORG/MUSEUM-PUBLICATIONS DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS NUMBER 16, OCTOBER 11, 2019

Program and Abstracts 30th Annual Meeting of the High Country Lepidopterists October 11–12, 2019, Denver Museum of Nature & Science

Edited by CONTENTS Frank-Thorsten Krell1 Program 2

Abstracts 3

30 Years High Country Lepidopterists’ Meetings 13

1Department of Zoology Denver Museum of Nature & Science 2001 Colorado Boulevard Denver, Colorado 80205 U.S.A. [email protected] Krell

PROGRAM Friday, October 11 Potluck dinner and light trapping at the home of Frank Krell, 38750 E 145th Avenue, Keenesburg, CO 80643 (Cavanaugh Hills, east of Brighton): 39°57’29”N,104°32‘03“W. Home phone: 303.659.6432 Saturday, October 12 9:30am–11:30am: Open House of the Entomology Collection at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science (Avenir Collection Center, level B2) 11:30am–12:10pm: Lunch (provided) (Studios 102/103, first floor, West Atrium) 12:10pm–4:30pm: Contributed talks (Studios 102/103, first floor, West Atrium) 12:10pm–12:15pm: Frank Krell: Welcome and Introduction 12:15pm–12:35pm: Erin Barbeau: Regurgitation as a Defense in White Peacock Caterpillars (Anartia jatrophae) 12:35pm–12:55pm: Dhaval Vyas, Erica Larson & Shannon Murphy: The Community of Parasitic Insects Attacking the Fall Webworm (Hyphantria cunea) in Colorado 12:55pm–1:15pm: Megan Zabinski: Population Variation in Defense of a Widespread North American Butterfly 1:15pm–1:35pm: Sam Johnson: Response of Moth Communities to Thinning of a Montane Forest 1:35pm–1:45pm Break 1:45pm–1:50pm: Donald Bowman: Records of Alexicles aspersa, Thysania zenobia, and Proserpinus flavofasciata in Colorado (Erebidae, Sphingidae) 1:50pm–2:10pm: Kristina Guarriello: Spatial Analysis of Butterflies on Colorado’s Front Range: a Closer Look at Species Distribution, Diversity, and Population Density 2:10pm–2:30pm: Christian Nunes: Compilation of a Complete List of Butterfly Occurrences on City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks Properties 2:30pm–2:50pm: Janet Chu: An Anthology of Images; and a Note about Trends in Boulder County Open Spaces 2:50pm–3:10pm: Break; Group Photo 3:10pm–3:30pm: Eric Knutsen & Frank-T. Krell: The Denver Museum of Nature & Science as Part of LepNet: Distribution Patterns of Select Lepidoptera Families in the Colorado Region 3:30pm–3:50pm: Chuck Harp: LepNet: a National Project to Digitize and Image Lepido- ptera with Updates on Contributions from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity in its Fourth Year 3:50pm–4:10pm: Paul A. Opler & Nick Grishin: Current Endemic Butterfly Species of the Californian Region, and Suggested Additions 4:10pm–4:30pm: Pam Piombino: Lepidoptera of Thailand: More Questions Than Answers 4:30pm–5:00pm: Business meeting

5:30pm–7:00pm: Dinner (at nearby restaurant) if there is interest

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Records of Alexicles aspersa, Thysania zenobia, and Proserpinus flavofasciata in ABSTRACTS Colorado (Erebidae, Sphingidae)

Donald Bowman Regurgitation as a Defense in White 5854 S Taft Court, Littleton, Colorado 80127 Peacock Caterpillars (Anartia jatrophae) [email protected]

Erin Barbeau Some years ago I found a wooly bear larva on Solomon’s University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado Seal in lower Golden Gate Canyon (Jefferson County, 80309 Colorado). I took it and some of the plant home but [email protected] it failed to feed and died. I pinned it and labeled it. It was a black wooly bear with a red-orange saddle. Years Insects use a variety of defenses to ward off preda- later I had a visit from David Wagner who showed me tors which range from chemical and morphological, a picture of a larva that matched the one I had taken to behavioral defenses. Several groups of insects use previously. He told me someone had found the larva and regurgitation as a defense against predators. The had given it to him. The larva pupated and an Alexicles regurgitant may contain noxious chemicals or act as a aspersa Grote, 1883 (Erebidae) emerged. The date I took surfactant interfering with predator sensory organs or the larva in Golden Gate Canyon is June 2, 1992. This entangling limbs. Regurgitation has been recorded as indicates to me that this species has been a native here a larval defense of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). for some time and not just a recent range extension. It has been shown through several studies to be an Two other records taken by me may be of interest effective defense against a wide variety of predators. are: Thysania zenobia Cramer, 1777 (Erebidae), August Regurgitation is often accompanied by other defensive 7, 1967, from Golden (Jefferson County, Colorado), West behaviors due to its potentially costly nature. One 7th Avenue and Eldridge Street, probably a first, and Lepidoptera species which has demonstrated regur- Proserpinus flavofasciata (Walker, 1856) (Sphingidae), gitation is the White Peacock (Anartia jatrophae, June 14, 1986, from Winter Park (Grand County, Colo- Nymphalidae). This species is widespread throughout rado) I believe is a second State record. the New World tropics in wet habitats. It uses a variety of host plants including Water Hyssop (Bacopa mon- nieri) and more recently recorded, the introduced weed An Anthology of Images; and a Note about Narrow Leaf Plantain (Plantago lanceolata). Narrow Trends in Boulder County Open Spaces Leaf Plantain contains iridoid gylcosides which are sequestered by several butterfly species including the Janet Chu White Peacock; however Water Hyssop does not contain 964 Ravenwood Road, Boulder, Colorado 80303 these compounds. The caterpillars of the White Peacock [email protected] has been not well studied. I propose to address several questions about regurgitation as a defense of White Photography may become the future proof of identifica- Peacock caterpillars: 1) What behaviors are associated tion and sighting of butterflies. Will there be a good way with regurgitation? 2) How does regurgitation behav- to curate these images? ior varies across instars and host plants? 3) How does The long season in Boulder County began March regurgitation affect development of caterpillars? 28 and continued into late September for our team. Butterflies species were photographed extensively

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during 2019 by several enthusiasts. More than 110 LepNet: a National Project to Digitize and species of the county-listed 200 are recorded. These Image Lepidoptera with Updates on Con- images will include the sighting location, date, name tributions from the C.P. Gillette Museum of and photographer. These photos are often proof that Arthropod Diversity in its Fourth Year unusual and difficult-to-‘ID’ butterflies were actually sighted. In addition, images are utilized to compare Chuck Harp male and female, as well as to record behaviors. Research Associate, C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Several websites are actively seeking photographs Diversity, Hartshorn, 600 Hughes Way, Ft. Collins, of butterflies; i.e., coloradofrontrangebutterflies.com, Colorado 80523 butterfliesofamerica.com, and butterfliesandmoths.org [email protected] The question will be answered for 2019: “Has the sloping downward trend of numbers of individual In the early summer of 2016, the Gillette Museum was butterflies continued as was occurring in the past awarded a four-year National Science Foundation Grant years, 2004–2018, in Boulder County Open Space to participate in the LepNet Project. With 27 institutions properties?” In 2018 the trend revealed a loss of 1.3 participating in the project, CSU’s Gillette Museum will Individuals per Research Hour per Year. This is equiv- database 156,000 butterflies and moths from its holdings alent to the substantial decrease of 3% a year as stated and will photograph nearly 11,000 of these specimens in this author’s research. using a state-of-the-art digital camera system, capable of producing stacked images for high-resolution photographs. This presentation will give an update on our Spatial Analysis of Butterflies on Colorado’s progress for this project now in its final year. We will also Front Range: a Closer Look at Species Distri- highlight recent donations to the museum that have bution, Diversity, and Population Density greatly aided in our success for this project.

Kristina Guarriello Butterfly Pavilion, 6252 West 14th Avenue, Westmin- Response of Moth Communities to Thinning ster, Colorado 80020 of a Montane Forest [email protected] Samuel A. Johnson The Colorado Butterfly Monitoring Network (CBMN) is 1520 W. Kiowa St., Colorado Springs, Colorado 80904 a citizen science project established in 2013 to monitor [email protected] butterfly species throughout the state of Colorado. Cur- rently, much of the data collected through this network In response to fuel reduction treatments (thinning) in covers regions along the Front Range. The goal of this a Colorado montane forest, moth communities showed project was to analyze butterfly observation data along very low biodiversity in the first year, but significant the front range obtained by the CBMN that could be used increases, surpassing the control plot measure, by the in butterfly conservation efforts. This project used data fourth year. After sixteen years, moth biodiversity had from 2014–2018 to perform data and spatial analysis to relaxed to match the naturally thin control plot. Com- determine species diversity, species distribution, popula- munity Similarity Indices showed that thinned plots, tion density, and habitat preference in six sites in the over time, became slowly but increasingly similar to the northern and southern regions of the Front Range. control plot.

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The Denver Museum of Nature & Science as will make its natural areas more resilient amid the Part of LepNet: Species Lists of Lepidoptera climate crisis.” The first step in developing the Master for Counties in Colorado Plan was to compile the available data and knowledge of the 46,000-acre land system, a process that led to Eric M. Knutson & Frank-T. Krell the publication of the System Overview Report in 2018. Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Butterflies were recognized within the System Overview Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, Colorado 80205 Report as important members of the local fauna due [email protected] to their role in the ecosystem, status as conservation targets, and intrinsic value to society. Despite over a The Denver Museum of Nature & Science (DMNS) has century of observations by dedicated lepidopterists in significant and growing holdings of butterflies and the region, a comprehensive list of documented butterfly moths (120,000+), including micro moths. As part of occurrences was lacking for the OSMP land system. The the Lepidoptera of North America Network (LepNet), an results of efforts to create such a list will be presented NSF-ADBC funded program to digitize specimen data and here, including search methods, sources, comments on produce high-resolution images, an increasing portion taxonomic quandaries, and a discussion on a variety of of DMNS holdings are publicly available on the LepNet hypothetical occurrences. and Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN) database at scan-bugs.org/portal/. Here, we present lists of Lepidoptera taxa by Colorado county acquired from Current Endemic Butterfly Species of the the DMNS LepNet project. These species lists for Colorado Californian Region, and Suggested Additions counties can highlight areas in the state that require further review and sampling. Paul A. Opler C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 Compilation of a Complete List of Butterfly [email protected] Occurrences on City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks Properties Nick V. Grishin Southwestern Biomedical Research Institute, Dallas, Christian Nunes Texas 75229 City of Boulder Open Space & Mountain Parks, 2520 [email protected] 55th Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301 [email protected] Endemic species are those whose resident populations are restricted to a particular region; in this case butterflies of In the spring of 2017, the City of Boulder Open Space the Californian Region. This region includes the State of and Mountain Parks department embarked on the cre- California together with areas of southern Oregon, central ation of a comprehensive Master Plan. The final plan western Nevada (notably the Carson Range), and northern was adopted by the Boulder City Council on September Baja California, Mexico. The Californian Region is unique 3, 2019. The purpose of this document is to, “shape in several way, primarily being a region with a long-stand- the City of Boulder’s approach to future stewardship ing Mediterranean climate surrounded by mountains questions, such as: How to continue conservation of and other regions characterized by continental climates natural, cultural and scenic areas while also providing such as the Great Basin. The California butterfly list by enjoyable visitor experiences, how to address popula- Emmel et al. (1998) includes 37 species-level taxa whose tion growth with increased visitation, and how the city distribution is limited to the Californian Region, but 6 of

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these have been synonymized or reduced to subspecies in Lycaena xanthoides (Boisduval, 1852) the intervening years. We illustrate most of the 31 listed Callophrys loki (Skinner, 1907) endemics (Table 1) with images taken in nature. This *Callophrys muiri (Hy. Edwards, 1881) amounts to a rate of 237 native species after 31 dubious Callophrys viridis (W.H. Edwards, 1862) or single stray species and the introduced cabbage white Satyrium auretorum (Boisduval, 1852) (Pieris rapae) are subtracted from the total list of 269 Satyrium tetra (W.H. Edwards, 1870) species. This is a percentage of 13.4% which is higher than *Strymon avalona (W.G. Wright, 1905) that of any other state except Hawaii which has a rate of *Plebjulina emigdionis (F. Grinnell, 1905) 100% since both of its native butterflies, Vaga blackburni Philotes sonorensis (C. & R. Felder, 1865) and Vanessa tameamea, are endemic! *Icaricia neurona (Skinner, 1902) Considering additional Californian Region taxa Agriades podarce (C. & R. Felder, 1865) that might be considered endemic we include taxa which *Speyeria adiaste (W.H. Edwards, 1864) have been split, e.g., Adelpha californica (Prudic et al. Chlosyne gabbii (Behr, 1862) 2008), or recently described, e.g., Cercyonis incognita *Chlosyne whitneyi (Behr, 1862) Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 2012, together with those Phyciodes orseis W.H. Edwards, 1871 listed as infraspecific by Emmel et al. (1998) or Pelham Cecropterus diversus (E. Bell, 1927) (2019) that we consider to be reproductively isolated Hesperopsis gracielae (MacNeill, 1972) from their nearest relatives by one or more isolating Pseudocopaeodes eunus (W.H. Edwards, 1881) factors such as morphological differences in the absence Hesperia columbia (Scudder, 1872) of intermediates, significant disjunction in range, hybrid Hesperia lindseyi (W. Holland, 1930) incompatibility, or genetic differences as shown by mito- Hesperia miriamae MacNeill, 1959 chondrial DNA analysis or genomics. This would be 28 Ochlodes agricola (Boisduval, 1852) additional species including one series of populations Agathymus stephensi (Skinner, 1912) without an infraspecific name. Additional taxa which might be considered Cali- Table 2. Suggested taxa of Californian Region endemic fornian Region endemics in the future include a coastal butterfly species in addition to those listed by Emmel et population of Papilio eurymedon, further Euphilotes, al. (1998e), including their ranges. Icaricia, and Euphydryas, possibly among others. Parnassius “smintheus” sternitzkyi McDunnough, Table 1. California butterfly species listed by Emmel 1937—Klamath Mountain block, California and et al. (1998e) which are endemic to the Californian southwestern Oregon north to Mt. Ashland. This Region as defined. Asterisked taxa have their entire taxon differs from nearest populations in eastern range within the State of California. Current taxonomy Oregon and is distinctly disjunct (Warren, 2004). as it appears in Pelham (2019). *Battus “philenor” hirsuta (Skinner, 1908)—northern and central cismontane California; host: Aris- *Parnassius behrii W.H. Edwards, 1871 tolochia californica. Sourakov & Daniels (2002) Euchloe hyantis (W.H. Edwards, 1871) discuss genetic incompatibility between nomeno- Anthocharis lanceolata Lucas, 1852 typic Battus philenor and purported subspecies *Colias behrii W.H. Edwards, 1866 hirsuta. Populations of hirsuta are disjunct from Colias harfordi Hy. Edwards, 1877 nomenotypic philenor and feed on Aristolochia Zerene eurydice (Boisduval, 1855) californica upon which philenor larvae are Lycaena gorgon (Boisduval, 1852) unable to complete development. The larvae of the Lycaena hermes (W.H. Edwards, 1879) two taxa differ morphologically.

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*Neophasia “menapia” melanica J. Scott, 1981— *Euchloe “hyantis” andrewsi L. Martin, 1958—Endemic northern coastal California in Sonoma and to the western San Bernardino Mountains where western Mendocino Counties, host Pseudotsuga documented host was Streptanthus bernardinus douglasii. Populations of N. melanica feed only (Henne, in litt.). Butterflies are parapatric with on Douglas-fir and differ morphologically. morphologically differing populations of Euchloe *Neophasia “menapia” possibly no available name— hyantis and E. lotta which occur in more eastern northern coast ranges, host possibly Pseudotsuga portions of the range. douglasii. July flight. Studied intensively by Bell et al Anthocharis “lanceolata” desertolimbus Emmel, (2017). The early flight is sympatric but allochronic Emmel & Mattoon, 1998—Back (2010) raised lan- with late-flying pine-feeding populations. Further- ceolata subspecies australis to full species status more, individuals from the two flights have distinctive on the basis of distinctive DNA mitochondrial DNA, DNA. The authors report on populations in the coast but was unaware that the San Diego County, Cali- ranges of northern California, but early populations fornia populations to which he referred had been of N. menapia, closely associated with Douglas-fir, included in recently described lanceolata subspe- have also been found in Plumas and Sierra Coun- cies desertolimbus Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon ties of the Sierra Nevada (Opler, unpublished data). (1998c). At this point, desertolimbus is the only The lectotypes of Pieris ninonia Boisduval, 1869 known lanceolata population that displays per- and Pieris menapia C. & R. Felder, [1864] were sistent pupal diapause (Back, unpublished data). illustrated by Emmel et al. (1998a,b), and their type Controverting data is the fact that genomic DNA localities fixed in Washoe County, Nevada, although sequences show no separation between lanceolata the phenotypes of the two specimens seem quite and desertolimbus (Grishin, unpublished data). different. The two names were considered synonyms Anthocharis sara Lucas, 1852—First recognized as a as they both have the same type locality. Since the species separate from A. thoosa by Opler (1999), time of their publication, studies of the Neophasia universal recognition came with the publication menapia group have proven the species to be more by Stout (2018) of a long-term survey of the fine complex in its host utilization, phenotype, and details about species distinction in the complex seasonal occurrence. It looks very likely to us that including separation in mitochondrial DNA. types of the two names originated from different Apodemia virgulti (Behr, 1865)—Several subspecies are populations and application of these two names, found in southern California and Baja California which should be based on their lectotypes, not on Norte. Host: Usually Eriogonum fasciculatum, the type localities, will be uncertain pending further but also E. parvifolium or E. wrightii for some study. The holotype of P. ninonia is most similar to populations. This species is recognized by Opler the early flight N. ‘menapia’ illustrated by Bell et (1999), Proshek et al. (2015), Davenport (2018), al. (2017) and the lectotype of N. menapia is most Pelham (2019), and Zhang et al. (2019). Support- similar to late-flying populations found through ing genetic data by Proshek et al. (2015). much of California, including the holotypes of N. Lycaena “gorgon” jacquelinae J. Emmel & Pratt, menapia tehachapina Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 1998—This taxon is limited to a narrow belt in 1998 and the somewhat larger N. menapia mag- transmontane California and southern Oregon namenapia Austin, 1998. Although described from from Lake Tahoe north to the Warner Mountains. Lincoln County, Nevada, some individuals matching This is disjunct and isolated from other Lycaena the larger size of magnamenapia have been col- gorgon populations. Its host is Eriogonum lected near Whitney Portal, Inyo County, California nudum. The taxon is distinguished by its larger by Ken Davenport. size, especially in females.

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*Lycaena heteronea Boisduval, 1852—coastal bluffs desert areas, one brood in fall: hosts: Eriogonum along immediate coast from Marin County to davidsonii, E. elongatum, or E. wrightii (Pratt central Sonoma County—host: Eriogonum latifo- and Ballmer, 1987). lium. Other populations, which primarily feed on *Euphilotes “enoptes” langstoni (Shields, 1975)— other Erigonum species which have been referred Found along east side of Sierra Nevada from Rock to L. heteronea become subspecies of Lycaena Creek and Sherwin Summit, Mono County, south- clara Hy. Edwards, 1877, which is the next oldest ward to Kern County. Females may be iridescent name after heteronea. blue above or all-brown. Some populations have Satyrium fuliginosum (W.H. Edwards, 1861)—northern both. Host: Eriogonum nudum var. wintoni, not Sierra Nevada and northern coast ranges north to E. umbellatum as is sometimes reported. Parapat- southern Oregon. Host: Lupinus. Becomes endemic ric and allochronic with nearby E. enoptes enoptes species after recognition of the more wide-ranging populations. S. semiluna (Klots, 1936) as a separate species. *Euphilotes “enoptes” smithii (Mattoni, 1954)— Euphilotes battoides (Behr, 1867)—Limited to high coastal dunes and bluffs in Monterey County. Does Sierra Nevada. Described as a species 1867, Barnes not blend with nearest geographic population of & McDunnough (1917) described several new E. enoptes (Boisduval, 1852) in the Santa Cruz subspecies and described a “battoides genitalia Mountains. Hosts are Eriogonum latifolium and type.” Now all battoides subspecies have been E. parvifolium. Euphilotes ‘enoptes’ arenacola transferred to other battoides species groups. No Pratt & Emmel is a synonym. other battoides subspecies listed by Pelham (2019) *Euphilotes “pallescens” elvirae (Mattoni, 1966)— are accepted as conspecific with battoides. southern California transmontane deserts north *Euphilotes “battoides” allyni (Shields, 1975)—coastal to Inyo County. Hosts are Eriogonum plumatella dunes and bluffs in Los Angeles County—host: and E. microthecum, genitalia differ from those Eriogonum parvifolium. This butterfly is geneti- of E. pallescens or E. rita (Mattoni 1966; Opler, cally distinct from similar populations in coastal unpublished). Distinct mitochondrial DNA. Santa Barbara County (fide Rubinoff et al.). Females lack scintillant forewing patches shown Sympatric with Euphilotes bernardino (Barnes & by many pallescens populations. McDunnough, 1916). *Philotiella “speciosa” purisima Priestaf & J. Emmel, *Euphilotes ‘battoides’ vernalis Pratt & J. Emmel, 1998—A local butterfly in coastal Santa Barbara 1998—The species range is restricted to the north- County. Disjunct from nearest P. speciosa western slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains, populations and a host specialist on Mucronea California. The species has a single spring flight. californica. Compared with P. speciosa the species Host: Eriogonum kennedyi variety kennedyi is larger, darker, more boldly marked ventrally and (Pratt & Emmel, 1998). with much broader black dorsal forewing mark- Euphilotes ‘enoptes’ cryptorufes Pratt & J. Emmel, ings in males. No other Philotiella populations 1998—Ranges from San Jacinto Mountains of occur in the coastal zone. Riverside County, California south to the Sierra *Icaricia “lupini” chlorina (Skinner, 1902)—southern Juarez of Baja Californa Norte. This taxon has an Sierra Nevada from Kern County north to Inyo annual spring flight. Host: Eriogonum davidsonii County and east into desert ranges east to the (Pratt & Emmel, 1998). Panamint Mountains, host Eriogonum umbella- *Euphilotes “enoptes” dammersi (J.A. Comstock & tum including variety nevadense, flight June–July Henne, 1933)—described from Snow Creek, (Opler & Davenport 2015; Davenport 2018). Includes Riverside County and found eastward at least in subspecies argentata Emmel et al., 1998d.

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Icaricia “lupini” monticola (Clemence, 1909)—Sierra Disease, Xylella fastidiosa, within the species’s San Pedro Martir, Baja California Norte north to range. Host is some unknown grass species. A dis- Tulare County and San Benito Counties, Califor- tinct DNA haplotype was reported in the original nia. Host: Eriogonum fasciculatum; flight May publication. and early June. This taxon overlaps I. l. chlorina *Carterocephalus “palaemon” magnus Mattoon & slightly but is also largely allochronic (Opler & Tilden, 1998—described from coastal Sonoma Davenport 2015; Davenport 2018). County with potential range in coastal southern *Icaricia “acmon” dedeckera (Emmel, Emmel & Mendocino County. The taxon is disjunct, and allo- Mattoon, 1998d)—Isolated populations in two chronic to other northern California C. palaemon widely separated canyons in White Mountains, (subspecies skada (W.H. Edwards, 1870)). There Mono County, and Last Chance Range, Inyo are no coastal Oregon populations of subspecies County. Host: Dedeckera eurekensis. The only magnus. This skipper is significantly larger, brighter, host has only a few widely separated relictual and with somewhat different markings than subspe- populations. A single-brooded host specialist. cies skada. Hosts: Calamagrostis purpurascens Likely occurs sympatrically with typical Icaricia reported for other populations of palaemon. acmon which occurs in nearby canyons. In the on-line Pelham catalog (2019), this taxon is References listed as a subspecies of Icaricia lupini, but there Austin, G.T. 1998. New subspecies of Pieridae from are at least two single-brooded phenotypes of I. Nevada. Pp. 533–538 in Emmel, T.C. (ed.): Sys- lupini found in the higher White Mountains; tematics of Western North American Butterflies. neither comes close to matching the phenotype Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. of I. dedeckera and both are associated with dif- Back, W. 2010. Zwei neue Schwesternarten der Gattung ferent Eriogonum species. Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, Duméril & Plebejus fridayi F. Chermock, 1945—Occurs at high Graslin, 1833: Anthocharis australis (F. Grinnell, elevations in the Sierra Nevada, White Mountains, 1908) stat. rev. und Anthocharis mandschurica east to Corey Peak, Nevada. Sole host is Astragalus (Bollow, 1930) stat. nov. sowie die Beschreibung whitneyi. Reported to be a species derived from von Anthocharis mandschurica nanjingensis hybridization between Plebejus melissa and P. subsp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Ento- anna by Nice et al. (2013). mologische Nachrichten 64: 145–146. Adelpha californica (Butler, 1865)—Mainly cismon- Back, W., Miller, M.A. & Opler, P.A. 2011. Genetic, phe- tane California and southern Oregon foothills. netic, and distributional relationships of Nearctic Split from Adelpha eulalia (E. Doubleday, [1848]) Euchloe (Pieridae, Pierinae, Anthocharidini). by Prudic et al. (2008). Hosts selected Quercus Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 65: 1–14. species and related genera. Adelpha eulalia occurs Bell, K.L., Hamm, C.A., Shapiro, A.M. & Nice, C.C. 2017. in mountain ranges of eastern Mojave Desert with Sympatric, temporally isolated populations of the no intermediacy (Emmel & Emmel 1973). pine white butterfly Neophasia menapia, are mor- *Cercyonis incognita Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, phologically and genetically differentiated. PLoS 2012—The species range is in the north coast ONE 12(5): e0176989. range of California from Mendocino and Humboldt Davenport, K. 2018. Butterflies of southern California in counties, primarily within Quercus garryana 2018: updating Emmel and Emmel’s 1973 Butterflies of variety breweri barrens. Future of the species is southern California. Lepidoptera of North America 15. uncertain as there have been massive die-offs of Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod the oak from a microbial disease, possibly Pierce’s Diversity, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.

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Emmel, T.C. & Emmel, J.F. 1973. The Butterflies of South- Mattoni, R.H.T. 1965. Distribution and pattern of varia- ern California. Natural History Museum of Los tion in Philotes rita. Journal of Research on the Angeles County, Science Series 26: 148 pp. Lepidoptera 4: 81–102. Emmel, J.F., Emmel, T.C. & Mattoon, S.O. 1998a. The types Mattoon, S.O. & Tilden, J.W. 1998. Re-evaluation of North of California butterflies named by Jean Alphonse American Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas) Boisduval: designation of lectotypes and a neotype, (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and description of a and fixation of type localities. Pp. 3–78 in Emmel, new subspecies. Pp. 641–660 in Emmel, T.C. (ed.): T.C. (ed.:) Systematics of Western North American Systematics of Western North American Butterflies. Butterflies. Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. Emmel, J.F., Emmel, T.C. & Mattoon, S.O. 1998b. The types Nice, C.C., Gompert, Z., Fordyce, J.A., Forister, M.L., Lucas, of California and Nevada butterflies named by L.K. & Buerkle, C.A. 2013. Hybrid speciation and Cajetan Von Felder and Rudolph Felder: designation independent evolution in lineages of alpine but- of lectotypes and fixation of type localities. Pp. 87–94 terflies. Evolution 4: 1055–1068. in Emmel, T.C. (ed.): Systematics of Western North Opler, P.A. 1999. Peterson Field Guide to Western But- American Butterflies. Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. terflies. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. 540 pp. Emmel, J.F., Emmel, T.C. & Mattoon, S.O. 1998c. New sub- Opler, P.A. & Davenport, K. 2015. The acmon blue complex species of Pieridae (Lepidoptera) from California, in southern California, PowerPoint presentation. Nevada, and Baja California. Pp. 127–138 in Emmel, Pacific Slope meeting of Lepidopterists’ Society, T.C. (ed.): Systematics of Eastern North American Camp Keep, Tulare County, June 20, 2015. Butterflies. Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. Pelham, J. 2019. Catalogue of North American butter- Emmel, J.F., Emmel, T.C. & Mattoon, S.O. 1998d. New flies. No pagination, in Warren, A.D., Davis, K.J., Polyommatinae subspecies (Lepidoptera) from Stangeland, E.M., Pelham, J.P. & Grishin, N.V.: California. Pp. 171–200 in Emmel, T.C. (ed.): Butterflies of America, Illustrated Lists of American Systematics of Western North American Butterflies. Butterflies. May 9, 2019 version. http://www.but- Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. terfliesofamerica.com/ Emmel, J.F., Emmel, T.C. & Mattoon, S.O. 1998e. A check- Pratt, G.F. 1988. The evolution and biology of Euphilotes list of the butterflies and skippers of California, biotypes. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cali- Pp. 825–836 in Emmel, T.C. (ed.): Systematics of fornia, Riverside. 653 pp. Western North American Butterflies. Gainesville, Pratt, G.F. 1994. Evolution of Euphilotes (Lepidoptera: FL: Mariposa Press. Lycaenidae) by seasonal and host shifts. Biological Emmel, J.F., Emmel, T.C. & Mattoon, S.O. 2012. A new Journal of the Linnean Society 51: 387–416. species of Cercyonis (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from Pratt, G.F. & Ballmer, G.R. 1987. The phenetics and com- northern California. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum parative biology of Euphilotes enoptes (Boisduval) of Entomology 163: 12 pp. ill. (Lycaenidae) from the San Bernardino Moun- Emmel, J.F. & Pratt, G.F. 1998. New subspecies of Lycaeni- tains. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 25: nae from California and a type locality restriction 121–135. for Chrysophanus cupreus W.H. Edwards (Lepi- Pratt, G.F. & Emmel, J.F. 1998. Revision of the Euphilotes doptera: Lycaenidae). Pp. 661–680 in Emmel, T.C. enoptes and E. battoides complexes (Lepidoptera: (ed.): Systematics of Western North American But- Lycaenidae). Pp. 207–270 in Emmel, T.C. (ed.): terflies. Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. Systematics of Western North American Butterflies. Martin, L. 1936. A new southern race of Euchloe ausonides Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. (Diurnal Lepidoptera). Bulletin of the Southern Priestaf, R. & Emmel, J.F. 1998. An extraordinary new California Academy of Sciences 35(2): 94–95. subspecies of Philotiella speciosa (Lepidoptera:

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Lycaenidae) from coastal Santa Barbara County, Lepidoptera of Thailand: More Questions California. Pp. 283–286 in Emmel, T.C. (ed.): Than Answers Systematics of Western North American Butterflies. Gainesville, FL: Mariposa Press. Pam Piombino Proshek, B., Dupuis, J., Engberg, A., Davenport, K., Opler, 6012 Saint Vrain Road, Longmont, Colorado 80503 P., Powell, J. & Sperling, F.A.H. 2015. Genetic evalu- [email protected] ation of the evolutionary distinctness of a federally endangered butterfly, Lange’s Metalmark. BMC Thailand’s rich leptidopteran biodiversity is enhanced by Evolutionary Biology 15: 73 15 pp. its pennisular length, monsoonal climate, varied eleva- Prudic, K.L., Warren, A.D. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. 2008. tional ranges and especially, its location at the juncture Molecular and morphological evidence reveals of the fecund Indo-Burmese and Sudaic regions. three species within the California sister butterfly, The approximately 1,100 known Rhopalocera Adelpha bredowii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: species are better recorded, collected and studied. Limenitidinae). Zootaxa 1819: 1–24. Heterocera, not so much! Estimates by experts vary for Scott, J.A. 1981. New Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea between 5,000–10,000 species, which are truly in need of from North America. Papilio (New Series) 1: additional documentation. 1–12. I have had the privilege of traveling to the country Shields, O.A. 1975. Studies on North American Philotes many times in the past 18 years. Since 2015, I have been (Lycaenidae). IV. Taxonomic and biological notes, photographically recording the amazing Lepidoptera, and new subspecies. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum both butterflies and especially Thai moths. By posting my of Entomology 28: 1–30. sightings to iNaturalist as an amateur citizen scientist, I Sourakov A. & Daniels J.C. 2002. Is Battus philenor am, in a small way, adding to much needed baseline data hirsuta a subspecies? News of the Lepidopterists’ for distribution, variability and seasonality. Society 44: 64–65. Stout, T.L. 2018. A review of three species-level taxa of the Anthocharis sara complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: The Community of Parasitic Insects Attack- Pierinae: Anthocharidini). Insecta Mundi 615: ing the Fall Webworm (Hyphantria cunea) 1–38. in Colorado Warren, A. D. 2004. Butterflies of Oregon. Lepidoptera of North America 6. Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Dhaval K. Vyas, Erica L. Larson & Shannon M. Murphy Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, University, Fort Collins, CO, 408 pp. 2050 E. Iliff Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80208 Zhang, J., Shen, J., Cong, Q. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomic [email protected] analysis of the tribe Emesidini (Lepidoptera: Rio- dinidae). Zootaxa 4668(4): 475–488. Natural enemies are an important source of mortality that can influence the diet breadth of caterpillars. The first step in studying how diet affects higher trophic levels is to identify the diversity of top-down pressures afflicting the herbivore. We collected fall webworms (Hyphantria cunea, Erebidae), a caterpillar with a broad diet, throughout Colorado to examine its community of parasitoids. Over 2500 caterpillars were collected from 54 webs (distinct maternal lines) across

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six species of tree. Fall webworms were reared in the throughout their late larval development and quanti- laboratory and a subset were dissected to examine the ﬁed their response. I also recorded various aspects presence of immature parasitoids inside the hosts. of their development, such as growth rate and pupal Adult parasitic insects from four families (Braconidae, weight, in order to investigate if populations differed Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae) emerged in these metrics. from hosts. Dissections showed that when parasitized, fall webworms were usually attacked by only one species of parasitoid with less than 5% of hosts containing more than one immature parasitoid. We present what might be the ﬁrst record of an ectoparasitoid, which live on the surface of the host, attacking fall webworm. In addition, we have observed “guarding” behavior, where the host caterpillar defends the cocoon of the parasitoid that emerged from the host, which has yet to be recorded from fall webworms. Our results form the foundation of future studies investigating how fall webworm diet interacts with its immunology in defense against parasitic insects.

Population Variation in Defense of a Widespread North American Butterfly

Megan Zabinski Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0334 [email protected]

Variation in local habitat can inﬂuence aspects of widespread species populations. One widespread North American butterﬂy, the common buckeye (Junonia coenia, Nymphalidae), is found from coast to coast feeding on various plants mostly all containing toxic compounds which buckeyes sequester for defense against predators. Recent work suggests buckeyes pay a cost to being well defended against predators by way of sequestration, resulting in lower immune function. Here, I explored the idea that buckeye populations spread across North America would exhibit local adap- tation with regards to different aspects of their biology. I presented four buckeye populations across their geographic range with a simulated immune challenge

12 DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS | No. 16, October 11, 2019 30th Annual Meeting of the High Country Lepidopterists

30 Years High Country Lepidopterists’ Meetings

1990: 1st meeting (High Plains Lepidopterists), September 14–15, Holiday Inn University Park, hosted by Colorado State University, Entomology Department, Fort Collins 1991: 2nd meeting (High Plains Lepidopterists), October 4–5, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 1992: 3rd meeting, September 11–12, Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver 1993: 4th meeting, September 18, University of Wyoming, Department of Entomology Insect Collection, Laramie 1994: 5th meeting, October 28–29, Holiday Inn University Park, hosted by C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University, Fort Collins 1995: 6th meeting, October 20–22, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 1996: 7th meeting, October 25–26, Butterfly Pavilion, Westminster 1997: 8th meeting, September 19–20, Holiday Inn University Park, hosted by C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University, Fort Collins 1998: 9th meeting, October 23–24, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 1999: 10th meeting, October 22–23, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2000: 11th meeting, November 3–4, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2001: 12th meeting, September 7–8, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2002: 13th meeting, October 11–12, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 2003: 14th meeting, November 7–8, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2004: 15th meeting, November 5–6, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 2005: 16th meeting, October 21–22, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2006: 17th meeting, October 27–28, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 2007: 18th meeting, November 2–3, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2008: 19th meeting, October 24–25, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 2009: 20th meeting, October 23–24, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver 2010: 21st meeting, November 5–6, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2011: 22nd meeting, October 14–15, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder 2012: 23rd meeting, October 20, Butterfly Pavilion, Westminster 2013: 24th meeting, November 1–2, C.P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2014: 25th meeting, November 7–8, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver 2015: 26th meeting, October 23–24, University of Denver, Denver 2016: 27th meeting, November 11–12, University of Colorado, Boulder 2017: 28th meeting, December 1–2, C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 2018: 29th meeting, November 17, Butterfly Pavilion, Westminster 2019: 30th meeting, October 11–12, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver

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DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUMDENVER OF NATURE & SCIENCE NUMBER 16, OCTOBER 11, 2019

Cover photo: Oreas Anglewing (Polygonia oreas nigrozephyrus Scott, 1984), Gregory Canyon, Boulder County, Colorado, USA, 2 October 1973, leg. Michael G. Pogue. Photo: Bob Livingston.