rjMi ce: ntHElllHE^HQlASTie T" ^ISCEQMSlSEHPER.YicTlIRTlS • YIITE- QU55I • CBflS •HORITURUS.

VOL. XXV. NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, JANUARY 23, 1892. No. 20.

but the precursor of Petrarca and Dante- is St. Francis of Assisi. hidden from us by the veil of bigotry, and none care to go back to the dark days of mediaeval

BY M. A. Q. . Italy to learn something about him who rescued the language that was despised; for he was a Beloved is he, revered by all mankind, saint—the poorest of the poor—Francis of Assisi. A gentle soul, a noble heart and true, In a time when the Italian towns and cities - A child of God who in His goodness grew were proud and independent, when the nobility To love the very lambs, the birds, the wind; was impoverished by the frequency of dissension, He called them brothers, sisters; and his kind And saint-like nature ever drew and the people began to speak the borrowed Sweet words of love sincere from all who knew dialect of Provence, St. Francis was destined to How truly great was he in heart and mind. set a great example of love to his falling race. The twelfth century had waned. The quaint O sweet simplicity, divine thou art In all thy actions, be they great or small! little town of Assisi in the Umbrian Valley, Live on; still add thy incense to life's flame. which seventeen years before had witnessed the To man thou gavest true loftiness of heart, rejoicing of the simple-minded peasants at the A kindly feeling for God's creatures all. birth of a son to the wealthiest merchant of the To heav'n a saint,—immortal be his name. town, now rang with the clear voice of that son, Francis Bernardone, at the head of the Corti. ^ • » These were the golden years of his boyhood, and not a day passed without its harvest of St. Francis of Assisi. pleasure. Francis was the leader of his companions. In BY FRED E. NEEF, 92. their merry revels he was the foremost, and at their magnificent banquets he always presided. " O fear not in a world like this. And thou shalt know ere long. Yet he was temperate, and in his enjoyment he Know how sublime a thing it is never forgot the poor. The lays of the trouba­ To suffer and grow strong!" dours appealed to his gay temperament, and, ofttimes on the starlit summer evenings he and HEN the scholar for the his comrades went down the steep streets of first time peruses the "In­ Assisi singing Provencal songs. ferno" and hears in the Once it happened that a hostile band of distant realms of the poet's Perugians were seen approaching the town, and imagination the cries and the chapel-bell had summoned the men of Assisi shrieks of those who are to defend their mountain borough. Quick as cursed, he is wont to call the Italian a wonderful the light-footed stag Francis found his way to tongue; and he leaves his study a disciple of the white watch-tower at the gate of the town Dante, forgetting to reflect and inquire about to help his companions. Unfortunately, how­ him who made the great poet possible. . . ever, he was taken captive and brought to We see Shakspere foreshadowed in Chaucer; Perugia; Here he bore the seclusion of a year's 340 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC imprisonment patiently and cheerfully, while delight that had once marked the son of *the his despondent prison-mates envied his light- Bernardones. The lingering illness had wrought heartedness and treated him with indifference. a great change in him. Confused, gloomy But after his liberation the memory of this event speculations tormented his mind, and he pon­ was soon lost with the petty joys and sorrows dered on the incidents of his early life with pain. that every day of boyhood brings. A mysterious feeling of the unrealness of exis­ The period of his school-life was very brief. tence left him no rest until he found relief in It seems that Francis did not like hard study. the idea of doing something greater and nobler Literature was to him, as it is to most of us, than answering the calls of boyish fancy—-he rather an accomplishment than a necessity. would become a warrior, arid fight for a good His mind was never tormented by the gram­ cause. Nor did the true soldier-like enthusiasm, mars of dry languages. The priests of San which had fired him on that lonely afternoon, Giorgio had taught him a little Latin; and leave him when he had returned to the enjoy­ although he spoke French imperfectly, still he ment of health. The Count of Brienne was showed great partiality for that language of struggling for the kingdom of his rightful heri­ "light and airy" songs. tage, and Francis prepared to march under his While it is true that Francis liked amusement banner. better than books, we know also with equal At the gate of the town stood the young certainty that no rash act ever stained his Assisian Cavalier clad in dazzling armor. He youthful character. His parents, delighted in had bidden farewell to his parents and to his the dazzling appearance of their son, grudged companions, and now he bade farewell to his him nothing; and we are told that often sage home. The tears that stood in his eyes bespoke looking old women reprimanded his mother, a noble joy; he saw the bright roads to glory shaking their heads and predicting a "jet-black" before him and thought only of the land of future for the young man. tropical paradises where Frederic II. dwelt At the age of twenty-five Francis fell sick. amid endless labyrinthine groves of orange The fever that haunted the fairest parts of Italy blossoms. But it seemed as if fortune were and stole like a ghost into the homes of the against the young man: a relapse of the fever rich and the poor, breathing death into the compelled him to pause at Spoleto; and when bright faces at the fireside, had stricken him. In he felt himself partially recovered he returned a little room poor Francis tossed restlessly upon home again, grieved to think of the glorious his bed till the almost unbroken succession of designs that were spoiled, low-spirited, and violent spells had utterly exhausted him. The utterly disgusted with his infirmity. days passed like long shadows before his eyes. A chain of touching episodes lead us to the At times when the fever ceased he awoke as if prime event of Francesco's history. One day from a painful dream, and when he heard the while praying in the ruined chapel of St. Damian shouts of his companions in the streets forget- he seemed to hear a voice bidding him to repair ing himself, he tried to rise; but, overpowered the crumbling walls of the church. Blinded and weakened by illness, he fell back again on with enthusiasm, he went home, and taking a his pillow like a half-wilted flower. . . . bale of his father's finest linen, he rode to the fair At last Francis began to recover. The mild at Foligno where he sold both horse and mer­ sunlight shone into his dreary room, and beck­ chandise. Thence he hastened to St. Damian's oned him to come out into the green fields and with the proceeds. The good priest was startled breathe the pure mountain air. He heard the when Francis offered him the money, and he busy swallows twittering on the house-tops; kind refused to take it when Francis had told him friends had brought him a handful of violets how he had gotten it. Down-hearted and dis­ whose sweet fragrance recalled to his mind the couraged by the priest's refusal, he flung the flower-feasts of the Corti, and he longed to be purse into a window of the ruins. His father out in the open world again. was greatly exasperated when he found oiit One morning during his convalescence he what his son had done, and threw him into ventured to leave-his bed and look out from his prison. But not long afterwards, when Pietro had window, on the summer landscape. He beheld gone to France to purchase silks, Francesco's the familiar vineyards overburdened with pur­ kind-hearted mother released him. When Pietro ple grapes, the shady orchards of clustered returned, he went enraged to the magistrates, pomegranates, figs and olive trees, and the demanding the restoration of his money and stately oaks and firs on the mountain-side; but his boy's renunciation of all rights to inherit­ he loved them no longer with the same childlike ance; 'Dissatisfied with their decision, he com- NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 341

plained to the bishop. At his request,. Francis to the place which had in younger years been so brought back the money which had all the time familiar to him. The people of Assisi recognized been lying among the ruins of St. Damiah's iFrancis in all his, misery—Francis who was chapel, and threw it on the floor at his father's bpce the gay, rose-cheeked leader of their chil- feet: tears stood in his eyes as he did it; he jdren—now pale and worn, and shrouded like could not see why the father who had always a ghost in his tattered tunic. Many scoffed at been so indulgent to him in his sports and him and called him a madman; few were there festivities could have changed so suddenly who pitied the poof wayfarer; aye, some who when he wanted to give something to God. gave him stones that he might repair the Then he gave up his patrimonial rights, and phapel of St. Damian. With his own hands he • throwing off all his clothes, except a hair shirt set the blocks of rock one upon the other until which he had beenvvearing in secret for penance, from the ruins a neat little church had risen, he exclaimed:" I have but one, a Father in heaven rude in architecture, it is true, but every stone now." Thus the bonds between father and son it contained had been laid with a prayer and a were broken, and Francis, clad in the tattered tear. apparel of a working-man, went out into the • How keenly must Francis have felt his wretch­ wintry world. edness, when, after each day's task was done, On, on he wandered through the icy woods conipelled by hunger to beg bread, he wandered on the slopes of the Apennines singing sad, barefooted and bleeding through the midwinter melancholy songs to the sighing Tramontana. snow, as Lost in the ardor of a vision that showed his " Silently, one by one in the infinite meadows of heaven,- childlike eyes the path to a paradise, he did not Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the feel the winter's gnawing at his flesh; and softly angels." as an angel he trod on the siken snow-flakes And O how his heart must have ached when that fell on the broken branches and scattered he saw the warm glare of the fireplace reflected oak-leaves. The golden goal was near. Before in the ice-congealed window-panes of the com­ the night came on he saw the welcoming glim­ fortable home that once was his! mer of a light in the window of a monastery, Twelve years swept by. We might have seen and he found refuge in the peaceful house. St. Francis in his cell near the little sanctuary How gentle are those prayerful inmates! And. St. Maria degli Angeli, surrounded by his men­ what a contrast are they to the scofifing people dicant followers clad in rough, brown gowns, of Assisi! thought Francis when they kindly bound with ^coarse ropes about their waists asked him to come to their fireside. But the waitingfor their Master's commission: "Go and needle of Destiny's compass had turned; Francis proclaim peace to men." The passage in the - saw how hitherto he had been blindly follow­ Gospels which had struck Francis so forcibly— ing the Will-o'-the-wisp into the marshes; he "Provide neither gold nor silver nor brass in wondered why he had so long been lost in your purses, nor scrip for your journey, neither catacombs and had not seen the light. A new • two coats, nor yet staves"—was realized; the and more glorious life blossomed from the first Franciscan Order had been founded and frivolity of youth; a pure water-lily taking birth sanctioned by Innocent IH. in a half stagnant pool. Perhaps he could be a St. Francis ceased not to wander and to friend' to those around him—he could minister labor. Where the poor and helpless stretched to the wants of the poor and the sick: out their empty hands, he loved to minister; like " The primal duties shine aloft like stars; a consoling angel he visited the homes of The charities that soothe and heal and bless misery, sickness and death, in Illyria, in Spain, Lie scattered at the feet of man like flowers." and in the land of Mahomet. But ever .dearer Soon Francis began his mission. How long to him than all was the land of his birth. And the begging pilgrim labored for the lepers and when he felt that his work was wellnigh ended, the poor we do not know; but his work did not the weary wanderer returned to meditate in its end until he no longer feared the most horrible holy solitudes. of diseases, and he loved the poor as though The Lent of St. Michael, as St. Francis called they were his children. Still, there was a great it, was spent on Monte Alverno, a wild and task unaccomplished. Francescojhad not forgot­ lonely spot not far from the castle of Chiusi ten the chapel of St. Damian. He had only between the sources of the Arno and the Tiber. been preparing himself to fulfil what he thought Here, in his severe ordeal of fasting and medita­ his sacred duty. And now when he felt that tion, his biographers, Celano, Bonaventura, and the "spirit had conquered the flesh," he repaired the Three Companions tell us that the vision of . 342 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

the stigmata took place. After the mysterious borhood of Sienna; but the operations of skilled event, Francis no longer frequented alike castle oculists were useless, and, in calm resignation and hovel on his heavenly .errands; he had to God's will, Francis asked to be brought back made the last step to glory; secluded and silent, once more to the scenes of his childhood. he prayed and suffered. His last wish was fulfilled: on his rude straw In this season of untold mental agony and bedding the dying saint was taken to the place breathless devotion, Francis was cradled into that had given him birth. His blind eyes could poetry. It seems strange that he whose nature nevermore see the fair town of Assisi on the was that of a poet, and whose life was so mar­ mountain-side; but in spirit he must have beheld vellously romantic, did not before this late the pictures of bygone years; the gay scenes of period chain his breathing and burning thoughts his youth must have come back to him, and the into song; but perhaps it was with Francis as sterner realities of his manhood. When the with the great Dante who followed him—this litter-bearers stopped under the shadow of the finite language failed to express the infinite Portiuncula, Francis bade farewell to his home fire, passion and love that gushed from his soul. and all he loved in Assisi; then he was taken Only a few poetical fragments are handed into the humble hermitage of his brethren. down to us, and we cannot entirely overlook Here from his cell Francis called his companion them; for did not, over half a century later, Angelo to his bedside, to whom he dictated in Dante sing himself into fame in the language his last will the Rules of the Order; and, blessing which the humble poet-saint of Assisi had taught all his faithful followers, he asked that a passage him not to despise? of the Gospel of St. John be read to him. The Caniico delle Creature of St. Francis is the The hour-glass had run very low; he saw ho\v^ imperfect and broken expression of a strong the last, lingering grain was falling. His task outburst of tenderness and affection. It shows was done. The long-subjected body was giving us how Francis loved nature: the sun, the wind up its office. The weeping of the devoted and fire he calls his brothers, and the moon, the brethren began, to fall like faint distant music water and death his sisters. Often the rhymes t)n his ear. Francis felt that he was sinking, are poor, and the metre betrays the unartful sinking, sinking. For the last time he roused pen of the saint; but the thoughts are sweet and himself; his face grew ghastly pale, and his flaming. During his seclusion on Monte Alverno wrinkled flesh quivered as he uttered a feeble, he would tell us of the miraculous conflict of heart-thrilling cry for God's help—and all his love between the soul and its Saviour: sufferings ceased " I die of sweetest woe; The night of death had fallen on the child­ Wonder not at my fate: like saint of Assisi; but he saw in the silver The lance which gives the blow mist at the dawn, the greeting cliffs of eternity. Is love immaculate." St. Francis, farewell! Thy name is unrecorded So wrote Francis when words failed him to go in the histories of prejudiced historians, and higher—to reach the inestimable height of his unremembered by many who dwell in wealth compassion for Christ, the Crucified One, and magnificence; but suffering humanity cannot Francis seems to have found a kind of con­ forget him who called all creatures his brothers solation or relief in these few bits of poetical and sisters. productions which remain to us for criticism. You, who are poor and sick and afflicted, But the weary traveller scarcely quenched his remember how much Francis of Assisi loved thirst in the limpid waters of the poetic fountain: you; and do not despise the consoling words he cared not to leave a pompous memory be­ of the gentle poet-saint: "So great is the good hind him, for he was watching and waiting for I look for, that every hardship delights me." his harvest-time after the nightfall of death. Already darkness began to overshadow him; the body, exhausted by long and severe subjec­ tion, was overpowered by infirmities, so that JOY in life is like oil in a lamp. When the oil Francis had to be carried about on a litter; begins, to fail, the wick, burning away, emits incessant weeping was said to have brought black smoke, showing but a reddish flame which about a painful disease that slowly stole the gives no light. Life, without a little joyfulness, mild light of his eyes. At the urgent request of is in like manner wasted unprofitably, spreading Cardinal Ugnolio, the protector of the Order, depression and melancholy all around. No one the afflicted man- was taken to the town of is ever so good as when he has a light, joyous Rieti, and afterwards to a village in the neigh-. heart. NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, 343

considered. Many poets have a heart-consum­ St. Agnes. ing grief, a yearning or desire, and numerous are the elegies written; for these • reasons a A Roman Lily in her bloom and grace, selection from the manifold pi-oductions must With roots solid and firm in holy ground be made. Where love and chastity for One abound. About 1587, Spenser, on the death of his The odor and perfume from her blest peace Rise in graceful accents to His face. friend. Sir Philip Sidney, wrote "Astrophel," a And ask that love so pure and chaste may bound pastoral elegy, one of the oldest known, and Her soul from views and sights of evil ground. the best of its time. Arranging the lyric in And rest in the sweet shade of His embrace. four parts, he describes in the first division his O Agnes! chaste as thy fair name implies, friend's character: Sweet patroness, teach me to follow you; . "A gentle shepherd born in Arcady Ever to grow in holy purity Of gentlest race that ever shepherd bore. May be our aim; and He who sanctifies About the grassy banks of Harmony, With grace, to smooth and calm our living flow. Did keep his sheep, his little stock and store; To reach the port of the celestial sky. Full carefully he kept them, day and night. J. O'ROURKE. In fairest fields; and Astrophel he hight." He dies; and Spenser, telling the manner of his death, goes on to relate how he and Stella, Songs of Death. to whom he "vowed the services of his daies," are transformed into a flower: "1 do but sing, because I must; " Into one flower that is both red and blue. And pipe but as the linnets sing." It first grows red and then to blue doth fade. —Iti Memoriam. Like Astrophel which thereinto was made. In these lines Tennyson acknowledges a force "And in the midst thereof astar appeares, over which he had no control; and one to which, As fairly framed as any star in skyes: not he alone, but even: fanciful Spenser and Resembling Stella in her freshest yeares, . classic Milton succumb. "What force can there Forth darting beams of beauty from her eyes; be," we ask, "that genius, virtue and the will And all that day it standeth full of dew cannot oppose?" It is sorrow, seemingly of little . Which is the tears that from her eyes did flow." importance, yet a very monarch holding sway In the second part, "The Doleful Lay of over the feelings of man; and it is a striking Clorinda," Mary, Countess of Pembroke, mourns coincidence that this power produced the same her brother's death; and some critics, taking the effect among these three great poets. For the literal meaning of the narrator's line, grief of Spenser, of Milton and of Tennyson at " Which at least I marre the sweetness of the vearse the death of the friend by "adoption tried," In sort as she it sung I will rehearse," created "Astrophel," the muchradmired. and judge her to be the author of the "Lay." most sublime pastoral elegy of its time; "Ly- Then, Thestylis, the mourning muse, calling cidas," most musical, most melancholy; and the Nymphs from their secret abodes to lament, " In Memoriam," the poem of the age, the great­ sings: est of its kind ever written. " Come forth, ye N)rmphs, come forth! Forsake your Who will question the power of grief? It watery bowers; matures the poet's thought; it removes the * . Forsake your mossy caves and help me to lament." barriers of bigotry and prejudice from his intel­ And lastly follows a colloquy between the lect, and no longer does he view the world as shepherds, Colin and Lycon. Sidney is here through "a glass, darkly." The result is, chas­ called Phillisides. tened reflection and purified genius. But it does While the first part of the pastoral is the not thus affect the poet alone; for man's char­ elegy proper, "The iEglogue" is the most acter is like a diamond in the rough, and only brilliant portion; and although the whole poem shows its worth by hardest polish and cutting. is ornamented with all the beauties his fanciful Grief, acting on the mind, modifies the natural genius could devise, yet the shepherds' lament defects, destroys evil influences, and, nourishing is the most poetical. Abounding in richest the tendencies towards good, reveals the hid­ imagery, every thought is expressed clearly; den gems of merit. and in this Spenser distinguishes himself from The elegy is but the expression of affliction's the other poets. It is evident to the critics sway; and in studying this form of versification, that the elegy in English literature took its only those of pre-eminent worth, and luminous arrangement and form from Spenser's poem. with the thoughts of aesthetic genius, should be Before his time it was an unsettled question 344 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. what feelings should be expressed in the elegiac Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies, verse. His poem, treated in so ingenious a The tufted crow-toe, and pale jessamine, manner, won the approval of all the great The glowing violet, The musk-rose and the well-attired woodbine, literary minds constituting the different ages With cowslips wan that hang the pensive head, of literature; and we find such geniuses as And every flower that sad embroidery wears; Milton, Shelley and Tennyson adopting his Bid amaranthus all his beauty shed. arrangement. And daffodillies fill their cups with tears To strew the hearse where Lycid lies." But, in the Johnsonian Age, a poet genius gave to the world a poem splendid in its poetic Almost a century passed away before another style, and in form perfect; for no bard has as poet tried this form of versification, and then yet produced a lay of greater simplicity and the result is disappointing; for Pope, while more artistic finish than the " Elegy Written in master of didactic poetry,-is too artificial to a Country Churchyard." Gray gives a new use the elegy. His lines "On the Memory of feeling to the elegy. He does not mourn, but an Unfortunate Lady" lack tenderness and true meditates; his feelings are the result of reflec­ emotion—the requisite feelings for the elegy. tion, not of grief; and he sings the strains, not Missing the unaffected and impassioned strains of sorrow, but of melancholy, sweetest melan­ of Spenser and Milton, we gladly seek relief in choly. The feeling expressed is more clearly poetry more sincere, and turn to Shelley's brought out by the slow and stately movement "Adonais," a pastoral dirge, and find "a shim­ of the measure, the iambic pentameter. mer of beautiful regret full of harmonious and I do not quote from this masterpiece; for to delicate fancies." This poet had the wand of appreciate its countless beauties the poem must the magician at his command; for in expressing be studied in its entirety. To judge it by its a thought, the very words he used, having a parts would be like reckoning the value and natural charm of sound, seemed to be striving splendor of a jewelled coronet by the lustre of to sing the strain alone. In reading "Adonais," its separated gems. But we may quote from we at once observe the musical flow of the " Lycidas," for there is found the tear-like pearl, verses, which characterizes all his poetry. His the emerald and the turquoise scattered in song steals on us like the western zephyrs, laden profusion, and here and there the brilliant with the fragrant odor of the wild spring flowers; diamond swallowing up their weaker rays in its we sniff the air contented, when, just as suddenly bright glare. as it came, it is gone, and in vain we sigh for Milton wrote this monody on the death of its return. To quote his words: his college friend, Edward Smith, a young man " I weep for Adonais - he is dead! destined for the Church. He was drowned in a Oh, weep for Adonais! though our tears shipwreck, while crossing from Chester to Dublin Thaw not the frost which binds so dear a head! in 1637. The poet, bewailing his loss, feels the And thou, sad hour, selected from all years same force urging him on that impelled Tenny­ To mourn our loss, rouse thy obscure compeers son to write "In Memoriam ": And teach them thine own sorrow; say with me Died Adonais! Till the Future dares " Yet once more, O ye laurels,-and once more, Forget the Past, his fate and fame shall be Ye myrtles brown, Avith ivy never sere, An echo and a light into eternity!" I come to pluck your berries, harsh and crude, And in the last stanza: ' And with forced fingers .rude Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year." " The breath, whose might I have evoked in song, Descends on me; my spirit's bark.is driven While the poem lacks originality, it is rich Far from the shore, far from the trembling throng, in allegory and poetical imagery. The descript Whose sails were never to the tempest given; tion of the flowers is nowhere equalled, except, The massy earth and sphered, skies are riven; perhaps, by Shakspere in a passage in "A. I am borne darkly, fearfully afar; . Winter's Tale": Whilst burning through the inmost veil of Heaven The soul of Adonais, like a star. " Return, Alpheus, the dread voice is past, Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are!" • . . That shrunk thy streams; return Sicilian muse, . And call the vales, and bid them hither cast A single poem ofttimes determines a poet's . Their bells and flow'rets of a thousand hues; worth; and were we to judge Shelley by his Ye valleys low, where the mild whispers use dirge alone we would gladly crown him with the Of shades, and wanton winds, and gushing brooks. On whose fresh lap the swart star sparely looks, ' -laurel wreath, the prize of inspired labor. Glanc­ Throw hither all your quaint enamelled eyes; - ' ing back to the Elizabethan period, we find the . That on the green turf suck the honeyed showers) genius of Shakspere giving utterance to the And purple all the ground with vernal flowers. = I simple dirge in "Cymbeline"; and a century NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, .;345 later William Collins made a beautiful version The Wye is hush'd, nor moved along. And hushed my deepest grief of all. of this same song. I copy the stanza which is, When, fill'd with tears that cannot fall, , to my thinking, the most exquisite: I brim with sorrow drowning song. " The redbreast oft at evening hours The tide flows down; the. wave again . Shall kindly lend his little aid, Is vocal in its wooded walls; • With hoary moss and gather'd flowers, My deeper anguish also falls, To deck the ground where thou art laid." An'd I can speak a little then." My last selection brings us to the Victorian Past-the milestone where other poets laid age, our own time, and is the "In Memoriam," aside their pen to take a well-earned rest, the production of the present poet-laureate, Tennyson plods along, his lamp of genius Alfred Tennyson. This work clearly shows the burning brightly. We have yet to see the flicker great and lasting genius of the poet. Deprived of the wick; for only a few months ago he gave by death of his intimate friend, Arthur Hallam, to the world another volume of poems which the confidant and companion of his boyhood was most favorably received by the critics. But days, Tennyson seeks for consolation—seeks worthier pens have better told the merits of this for the balm that will assuage his grief, and great genius, and "In Memoriam" should be finding it not, his sorrow bursts forth into the read to be appreciated, and judged by individ­ song of " In Memoriam." Like a weary traveller, ual taste. J. J. FITZGERALD, '93. lost in the wilderness of his grief, he looks up­ ward for light, and finds the skies covered by dense clouds of doubt. Still he trudges onward Lansruage of the Bed Bidiaiis. until his tired limbs are about to fail him, when he finds the gloom slowly vanishing. Was not One singular fact is the infinite diversity of that a star he saw in the Eastern sky? Yes; language. Not only every tribe,.but every band, of which there are sometimes fifty in a single and suddenly there are marly stars twinkling tribe, has its own dialect or jargon, perfectly forth, and the rifting clouds part and the silvery unintelligible to all who do not belong to the moon of hope lights up the pathway; and soon band. In all times the Indians have disdained the traveller leaves the wilderness, and, cheered to learn even a few words of an enemy's lan­ by the sound of the midnight bells in the distant guage. Stranger yet, the Cheyennes and Arra- village church spire, for it is Christmas time, he pahoes for three-quarters of a century have been seeks a haven of rest, and finds it in his strength­ firm friends, camping and hunting together and making war upon their enemies at the.same ened faith. Tennyson's command over his genius time. The children constantly romp and play is observed when- the poem has once been together in the common camp. Yet not one in read. Writing at his leisure, the poet sees three ten of either tribe can hold the most ordinary Christmas tides go by. He sets forth in clear conversation in the language of the other. and free expression of thought and feeling the Unable to speak each other's language, the wildness of his grief and the gradual calm Indians of the West have constructed a wonder­ brought on by time; then, like the waning ful sign language by which they hold intercourse. Gestures, signs, are more or less natural to morning star, it is lost in the sunshine of hope everyone. Among the plains Indians alone have and love. He sings: they reached their most wonderful development. " Whatever I have said or sung. So complicated and elaborate is the sign lan­ Some bitter notes my harp would give; guage, consisting of countless gestures and Yea, tho' there often seem'd to live movements, the slightest variation in which A contradiction on the tongue, marks wide difference in meaning, that only a Yet Hope had never lost her youth; She did but look through dimmer eyes; few Indians in a tribe are complete masters of Or love but played with gracious lies, it, and the masses can only use it slightly. The • Because he felt so" fix'd in truth." signs do not indicate letters nor words, as with When the length of the elegy is considered, the deaf and dumb, but ideas. There is one sign together with its style, it is readily admitted to to indicate hunger, another for "stop talking," be the greatest poem of its kind ever written. another for summer, and so on, infinitely. Yet an expert sign talker will either make or inter­ The following stanzas are, in my opinion, ex­ pret a long speech, which consists of an infinite amples of perfect finish and free execution: number of signs, following each other, with " The Danube to the Severn gave lightning-like rapidity. Two strange Indians The darken'd heart that beats no more; will meet on horseback, each unable to under­ . They laid him by the pleasant shore, stand a spoken word of the other, and-while And in the hearing of the wave. holding the reins with the left hand, will con­ There twice a day the Severn fills; verse for hours with their right, telling stories The salt sea water passes by. or relating their experience without a single And hushes half the babbling Wye, And makes a silence in the hills. misunderstanding.—^;!:. 34^ NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. WMi. Book Notices. ENGLISH WORDS. An Elementary Study of iSublte^rl) tbtrj) JSaturliaa Uurinit ffittm STimr at S". B. Snidrrsttji. Derivations. By Charles F. Johnson. New York: Harper & Brothers. Entered as second-class matter at the Post OflSce, Notre Dame, Ind Few subjects are more important, and none Ifotre Dame, Jaimary 23,189S. more fascinating, to those whose ambition it is to attain a ready command of our language, The attention of the Alumni of the University of Notre than the study of words.- The- young student Dame, and others, is called to the fact that the NOTRE who fancies that the hunting up of derivations, DAME SCHOLASTIC now enters upon the TWENTY- the discovery of the etymological meanings of FIFTH year of its existence, and presents itself anew as a candidate for the favor and support of'the many old words whose significance he flatters himself he friends who have heretofore lent it a helping hand. already understands, is a dry and irksome THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC cotitains: task, very commonly experience an agreeable choice Poetry, Essays, and the current Art, Musical, Lit­ surprise when once he engages in the work. If erary and Scientific Gossip of the day; any student doubts this statement, he has but Editorials on questions of the day, as well as on sub­ jects connected with the University of Notre Dame; to procure Prof. Johnson's excellent manual, Personal gossip concerning the whereabouts and the and skim ever so hurriedly through its two success of former students; hundred and fifty pages. The increased knowl­ All the weekly local news of the University, including the names of those who have distinguished themselves edge as to the literary value of many of these during the week by their excellence in Class, and by symbols of thought, which he has been using at their good conduct. Students should take it; parents should take it; and random, the wealth of historical association above all, with which numbers of them are freighted, OLD STUDENTS SHOULD TAKE .IT. will please as well as astound him, and if this Terms, Si.jjo per Annum. Postpaid. pleasure leads him to make a thorough study Address EDITOR NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, of such works as "English Words," in the first Notre Dame, Indiana. instance, and, later on, of fuller etymological treatises, he will be materially enlarging his If a subscriber fails to receive the SCHOLASTIC regu­ power of enjoying, and incidentally of produc­ larly he will confer a favor by sending lis notice imme­ diately each time. Those who may have missed a number, ing, English literature, or numbers, and wish to have the voluhie complete for binding, can have back numbers of the current volume —True and tried friends are always welcome; by applying for them. In all such cases early applica­ tion should be made at the office of publication as, usually, consequently, VicMs Floral Giiide is sure of but few copies in excess of the subscription list are printed. a warm reception, especially when dressed as The Editors of the SCHOLASTIC will always be glad daintily as this year. The "Nellie Lewis" Car­ to receive information concerning former students and graduates of the University. nation on, the front of cover-and "Brilliant Poppies" on the back are unusually attractive, and the numerous colored plates of flowers and —^We acknowledge the receipt of the "An­ vegetables are certainly works of art and merit. nual Report of the Postmaster-General of the The first twenty-four pages, printed in violet United States for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, ink, describe Novelties and - Specialties. Send 1891-" Also the "Annual Report of the Treasurer ten cents to James Vick's Sons, Rochester, N.Y., of the State of Indiana for the Fiscal Year End- and procure a copy of this attractive and useful ding October 31, 1891." . . catalogue. It costs nothing, as the ten cents can be deducted from the first order. •^•^

—Professor Edwards is again indebted to Rt. Rev. Monsignor Seton, D. D., for valuable col­ lections of manuscripts, books, porti-aits and Idiosyncrasies, interesting relics. The erudite and courteous Monsignor is one of the most enthusiastic and Each member of the human family has that generous patrons of the great national and in his nature:which distinguishes him from Catholic historical collections preserved in the every other member, otherwise two different Bishops' Memorial Hall at Notre Dame, which beings would exist without a difference, which "is fast becoming for American Catholics what involves a contradiction in terms. 'Well, then, the British Museum is to the people of England, must it be for him who differes from his fellow- NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 347

beings by some superior excellence—some un­ genial balm applied to other and less poignant approachable perfection^n which alone his woiinds, from them must ever be withheld. peculiarity consisteth—which constituteth his Reader, if your idiosyncrasy, be a singular glorious and inimitable idiosyncrasy. But in excellence, such as being able to climb a smooth many cases where idiosyncrasy is very marked, pole of indefinite altitude—to edit a newspaper we are reminded of the peculiar significance of with satisfaction to all your readers—or other­ the termination of the word—the \A\os,yxv-crazy wise to distinguish yourself among your fellows, appeareth to consist in that which, logically rejoice exceedingly, and cultivate the faculty developed, ^yould terminate in insanity. It is, in with assiduity; but if, as is more likely, you are short, an oddity of speech—a trick of manner— remarkable for nothing in particular, don't let an obliquity of mental vision^an inability to any one know it if you can help it. R. assimilate ideas—a tension of moral principle in one direction with a corresponding relaxation •^ • » in the other. Such are the little peculiarities A Reminiscence of Cardinal Manning-. which wise men strive to diminish, or at least to conceal from the notice of their fellow- A thrill of exquisite delight courses through creatures, whereas foolish men exaggerate them niy veins whenever I recall that happy May until they end in monomania. and June of 1889 which unfolded to me the We have heard of persons so persuaded that fascinating pleasures of a first visit to great all diseases to which humanity is subject arise London Town. One day, while elbowing my from the teeth, that they have had all their way through the surging crowds that thronged teeth pulled, and false ivories substituted. We historic Fleet Street, it was my good fortune to could scarcely say that this is "tooth in," and make the acquaintance of a typical Briton, now yet no dentist would induce us to follow their one of my most valued friends, Mr. James Fair- example. Others will persist in spelling it hurst, then on the staff of the Catholic Times. "Sybil" instead of "Sibyl," and that for reasons In the course of conversation I mentioned that I as incomprehen-Sibyl as the Sibylline books had letters of introduction to Cardinals Newman themselves. In short, everybody has some little and Manning, Mr. Gladstone and several other odd streak, and we ourselves are willing to distinguished subjects of Her Majesty; but I acknowledge our own. We have said, indeed, doubted whether I would have time to present that it is the part of a wise man to conceal his them. Mr. Fairhurst said: "You must not think foibles as much as possible, while endeavoring of leaving London without an interview with the to reduce them; but we are not impugning this great Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster." He aphorism by exposing our own, because we are stated that he had an appointment at the archi- writing annonymously, and- nobody has the episcopal palace for the following Thursday faintest idea who we are, except the Editor, morning, and urged me to accompany him. I and he won't expose us. We therefore pronounce availed myself of his cordial invitation. boldly that our idiosyncrasy consists in never Having arrived at the Archbishop's mansion, travelling in the Pullman palace cars, and we were met by the Cardinal's. gentleman-in- particularly not in the dining cars, for fear of waiting, Mr. Wm. Newman, who had also been catching the PuUmanary consumption, which from his early youth private attendant to Car­ prevails there to an alarmihg degree. Even on dinal Wiseman. After a chat with the kindly ember days, when your breakfast is reduced to old servant, he carried to His Eminence a letter zero, and your dinner merely soup-or-fish-all, of introduction given me by Rt. Rev. Dr. Chatard, we prefer snatching up stray bites that chance the learned and courtly Bishop of Vincennes. throws in our way to entering one of those I was at once accorded an interview. Marshalled dreaded vehicles. by the Groom of Chambers through the spacious If, then, our peculiarities be so often our drawing-rooms and library, with only a few foibles, and our foibles be our principal misfor­ moments to gaze upon the literary treasures all tunes, how can we appeal for sympathy in these around, a door opened and the great Primate, misfortunes to those who must be of necessity who guided the career and destinies of the free from these same peculiarities? How can Catholic Church in England to its present proud we address those simple and pathetic words: position, advanced to receive my greetings. "You know how it is yourself "to one that Never shall I forget the impression made upon does?i't and can't and never will know how it is. me by that frail figure enfeebled by recent ill­ himself? Alas! such is the aggravation of these ness, and slightly bent under its weight of years. unfortunate idiosyncrasies, that sympathy, the The pale, ascetic face, benignant, attentive, the 34S NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

eyes full of intellect and beaming with kindly Church. Herein lies the strength of the body interest, all denoted a prince of singular refine­ in England, whilst he,'! the Cardinal, took it that ment and superiority; while the winning sim­ "the Catholic Church in America is-a more plicity of the prelate made me almost forget concrete, body, embracing the richer as well as that I was in the presence of, to me, the second the poorer, but in more equal proportions whilst greatest personage in Europe. also, there is little of class distinctions." His After a cordial salutation on the one hand, Eminence, commenting upon "the sin of Eng­ and respectful homage on the other, the Car­ land," as he declared it, "in forcing on- the dinal said: "So you know Bishop Chatard? separation of the New Continent, from the He is one of my dearest and best friends. And Mother Country," gave it as his opinion that how is good. Father Sorin? I had the pleasure "it was a great blessing the union had been of dining with him several times at Rome, and dissolved, effectually and forever. Any other I met him often during the Vatican Council." condition of attachment or dependence could His Eminence invited me to occupy a large, only have resulted in a parallel case to that of gilded arm chair, upholstered in well-worn red England and Normandy in which the union was silk damask. Taking a similar seat himself, he most disastrous to both." His Eminence spoke requested me to draw my chair as close as feelingly of Ireland, saying: "Although I love my possible to his own, smilingly pleading his eighty country with all an Englishman's intense love, odd years as a reason for being a little deaf. still I cannot be blind to her unjust treatment Many a man quick at hearing would be proud of our sister island. It is a fortunate circumstance to have the intuitive grasp of subject which His for my neck that I was not born in Ireland. Eminence possessed, and which more than com­ Had the Land of Saints given me birth, I should pensated for any difficulty he had in perceiving have been hung long ago." His Eminence spoke the sounds. warmly of Cardinal Gibbons and many other First, the Cardinal wished, to know all about friends he numbered amongst the American the University of Notre Dame. He expressed Episcopacy and priesthood. In answer to the his astonishment to learn that there were some query as to whether he had ever crossed the forty professors, clerical and lay, with a student Atlantic, he said it was a pleasure he would roll of nearly seven hundred, including those in have highly prized had earlier opportunity pre­ the novitiate and seminary who were studying sented itself; but added with his bright smile: for the Congregation of the Holy Cross. He "Now that I have one foot in the grave and. inquired minutely about the various courses of tottering on the brink with the other, I must be study, the system of imparting knowledge, and content with interchange of sympathy and the number who were preparing for the Order friendship by correspondence, and through the and the. number who intended to follow lay pleasant experience of the visits paid to me professions. He asked if the new university at times by the many Americans who. call in at Washington would interfere with the work passing through London." at Notre Dame. I replied it would not; that it Having had explained to him the object of would take up.the work of education at that point the Bishops' Memorial ;Hall established at where Notre Dame, at present, felt compelled Notre Dame, His Eminence said there were to leave it for lack of endowments. After wishine but few documents, he feared, in the Archives the new university better success than attended of Westminster relating to the American Cath­ similar efforts in Ireland and England, His olic Church; but in the most kind and cordial Eminence added: "You are doing a great work manner he offered his assistance and influence in America''; and he pointed out in what salient in various quarters which he pointed out :as points the Catholic Church was advantageously likely to afford the best information. Retiring placed on the American continent as compared to his study for a moment, he returned with an with the position of the Church in England. autograph letter of his predecessor. Cardinal The vast majority of the Catholic population Wiseman, the first Archbishop of Westminster in the latter country are of the working class, under the restored hierarchy. Thishe gave me a very small minority only being possessed of with an apology for the paucity of mementos any_ degree of wealth. "But this drawback," at his disposal. .He added: '^Come to see.me said the Cardinal, speaking with much feeling again, and in the meantime. I will search for arid in a spirit of thankfulnessj "is compensated some articles of interest for your collections,-in for by the consoling fact that these workers which I am deeply interested. He further gaye and toilers are the most steadfast in the faith, me cards of introduction to the learned Father and are real practising members of the Catholic Gasquet of the British Museum and several NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 349

other ecclesiastics, whom he named as being he had found several souvenirs of the great conversant'with historical studies, and from their Wiseman which he would send to my hotel. Mr. position enabled to help the object for which Fairhurst remarked he was sure that I would be the Bishops' Memorial Hall was projected. This delighted to secure a memento of my visit to the most pleasant interview was closed by His Emi­ successor of Cardinal Wiseman, some personal nence giving me his blessing. Knowing that the article used by the author of the "Eternal Priest­ Cardinal was a very busy mm, I did not call a hood." His Eminence smiled good-naturedly, second time, although he had most graciously left the room and returned in a few moments invited me to do so. Before leaving London bearing the symbol of the power of the priest­ for the Continent I requested my friend, Mr. hood, a beautiful white silk preaching stole, Fairhurst, to secure the mementos referred to heavily embroidered with gold, which he had by His Eminence. Later this gentleman wrote used for many years. With childlike simplicity me: "I fulfilled your commission as to the he asked me whether this would "serve as a souvenirs from the Cardinal by seeing him on reminder of the pleasure your visits have given the subject. His Eminence remembered at a poor old man." He then invited us to his private once and said: .'Bring Mr. Edwards to me on chapel, where he showed us a reliquary contain­ his return and I will redeem my promise.'" ing a mitre used by St. Thomas a Becket, the The following November Mr. Fairhurst again martyred Archbishop of Canterbury. Before kindly accompanied me to the Archbishop's saying adieu and giving his last blessing. His house, and again I was received with the same Eminence made me the bearer of messages of cordiality and made to feel that I had conferred love and friendship to Bishop Chatard and an honor instead of receiving one. Since my various friends in America, whom he named. first visit the aged Prince of the Church had, The charm of manner and thorough kindness of at the risk of health and life, gone through all heart which was so great a characteristic of the the fatigues and anxieties of an arbitrator in venerated Archbishop produced on me an im­ the great London strikes. He spoke feelingly pression of the most vivid nature. Frank of the sufferings of the laboring classes, of whose without condescension, retaining all the dignity rights he was the acknowledged champion. of his high position without ostentation, the "And how did you find Rome and the Holy figure of His Eminence is to me a most.delight­ Father?" he asked, with anxious interest. After ful reminiscence, as with sparkling eye and my story of the spoliation and vandalism to animated features he listened and interrogated, be seen in all parts of the Eternal City, His clearing up doubtful points, and showing by his Eminence exclaimed, in a voice of sadness: questions how" clearly he had grasped the "Poor Rome! What will not those invaders do, matter in discussion. inspired by the Evil One? It grieves me-to The interview left me impressed with the hear of the widespread destruction and ruin of wisdom of the Holy See which had committed the _ ancient glories of Pontifical Rome, of so great a charge to one so fully worthy to be Christian Rome, which is and must remain the the foremost figure in the Catholic Church in loadstone of every Catholic heart. I suffer England. The same evening Mr! Newman with our Holy Father in this the hour of his came to the Victoria to deliver a package con­ agony; but, 'Lord, let not our will,but Thine be taining several valuable souvenirs of Cardinal done.'" He related many anecdotes of his visits Wiseman, whose " Fabiola " has made his name a to the City of the Popes, and as the memories household word wherever the English language of early days came clustering around him, his is spoken. - The kind old gentleman-in-waiting eyes flashed forth a supernatural light which ^-since called to his eternal reward—gave me cast a halo around his attenuated form and as a gift from himself a red silk zuchetto and made him appear a very spirit, scarcely chained a fine photograph of his loved master. Cardinal to earth by its fragile, phantom-like body. Manning. Then he spoke of the great good to result With a consensus of good opinions and from the coming Catholic congress in Baltimore, esteem from all, whether given freely by the saying he had already sent a representative to Catholic, or extorted by sheer force of ability convey his greeting to the Cardinal Archbishop and nobility of character and life from those of Baltimore and the Catholics of America. outside the Church, Henry Edward Cardinal He requested me to be the bearer of an address Manning to-day stands in history as one of the from the English hierarchy, to be read by Mgr. greatest Englishmen and most energetic apos­ Gadd at the opening of the new University at tles of this or. any other age. Washington. His Eminence informed me that J. F. EDWARDS. 350 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC

secretaries of the various societies? Reports Local Items- should be handed in. • —^A . town in Nevada flourishes under the significant name of Crankville. Will citizen G. —Let go the grippe. Francis Train please take notice? ^ —^The skaters still hold forth. —Several students were hoping for more —The beautiful is still with us. snow that they might perambulate the campus —Sleighing excursions are common. on snow-shoes. Their wishes may yet be gratified. —Several daj's of zero weather this week. —The Thespians intend to make Julius Seise 'er —"Artie" did not know what 'ography it was. on Washington's Birthday. Let him get a good —Sorin Hall has a pair of travelling mail g/ippe first, and then see if he is willing to hold on. boxes. —Six new arrivals among the Minims: Masters —Johnny G. is a martyr—in Johnny G's esti­ Ralph and Roy Higgins, Gerald, Emmett and mation. Eugene McCarthy and William O'Brien, all of —Many a smarting shin is felt among the Chicago. , , Carrolls. —Pierce complains of the perambulations of —The St. Cecilians intend to go sleighing in a certain mouse that has contracted the pro­ the near future. pensity of scampering over his face. Let some —^A conflagration is, like a toper, very apt to one get him a mouse trap! "raise the wind." —When Bennie said .that he could a "tail" —Polo, shinny, pull-away, etc., reign trium­ unfold, somebody remarked that he had no idea phant at the lakes. that the Darwinian theory was tenable; but —Did the Mishawaka police get after the Bennie had converted him. Brownson sleighists? —The organ in the church gets "friz" every —Do what it will, the grippe cannot get a once in a while, and the choir are greatly incon­ grip on the lively "princes." venienced thereby. The steeple clock also takes —"Is it an earthquake?" "No, only the Bur­ a rest now and then, to warm up. gomaster practising a polka." —That dull, sickening thud is caused, not by —Gerdes and Casty are the champion polo any one falling from the dome, as might be players at thelake nowadays. inferred from the loudness of the sound, but by —^The genial Captain of Co. B has become a Waltah and Gerdes cutting stars at the same confirmed Kodak fiend. What next? instant. —^Alderman Allright intends to give an ex­ —In a letter received during the week Rt. hibition of fancy skating in a short time. Rev. Monsignor Stranierp requests the prayers —^You may have observed that it is the of all his friends for his sister who died lately "sweet tooth" that first seeks the dentist. at Barletta, fortified with all the sacraments of the Church. —The intimacy between illegal "toughs" and "legal tenders" is what makes the jail a neces­ —The parties who disturb the peace and quiet sity. of their neighbors by shouting that odious ode, "The Wild Man of Borneo," have little principle ^There is a pithy bit of philosophy hung and more cheek than—well, say a dozen book- about in our posto-ffices. It is this: "Money agents. Nuffsed. orders." —The many friends of the Rev. James P. —Politics, like that other national game, base­ Coleman, C. S. C, of Watertown, Wis., extend ball, has its allotted share of base-men among to him their sincere condolence on the recent the players. death, at Erwin, Col., of his brother, the Hon. —There is quite a strain on the surface of the William Coleman. lake since the human mountains of flesh have —It is rumored that "Harry" is engaged begun skating. upon a novel descriptive of London lower life. —The Burgomaster intends to compete with Persons who have, seen the story in manuscript Waltah and.Gerdes the honor of being the say it is.realistic to the highest'degree, some of lightest skater. the passages being intensely thrilling, even —^To secure a more prompt mail service just blood-curdling. Ugh! at present we suggest that the mail wagon be —Mr. R. Delaney, of Brownson Hall, would put on "bobs." : be obliged for the return of two volumes which ;—The Burgomaster is learning to dance, he has lost or mislaid. They are: "Fasquelle's ;When,he:trips the light fantastic the whole Advanced French Grammar'- and "Education building shakes. v and the Higher Life." A. reward will be given ;—^Financially speaking, you may have noticed the finder on the return of the sarhe. tHat to. treat and retreat is far better than to r-The next public entertainriient will be given treat and re-treat. ; , . on the evening of Washington's Birthday. It . —What is the matter with the Corresponding will be under the auspices of the Thespian Asso- NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 351

ciation, assisted by members of the elocution result: President, Prof. Wm. Hoynes; ist Vice- class and the various musical organizations. President, L. P. Chute; 2d Vice-President, Hugh We are told that the entertainment will be O'Neill; Secretary, P. Houlihan; Coi-responding something exceptionally good—in fact, a grand Secretary, G. Lancaster; Treasurer, P. Coady; Shaksperean revival. Critic, L. Whalen; Sergeant-at-Arms, F. H. Klee- —^J. J. Case, champion runner of Brownson kamp. After the elections followed the debate, Hall and conqueror of the Oregonian fleet-foot, the subject being, "Resolved, That the best has taken his old' seat in the study-hall. Yes­ interests of the country would be subserved by terday he commenced training for the great the removal of the capital to some more central race between him and Jewett; in the evening point in the Mississippi Valley." The participants he fell from his chair through sheer exhaustion. were L. Whalen and L. Chute for the affirmative, His backers are slightly frightened, and they and J. Raney and C. Chidester for the negative,, have advised him to abstain from too rigid The close of the debate, being the first of the exercise. new year, took such a humorous aspect that —The Chicago Tnbime, speaking of paintings the President did not consider himself in a mood on exhibition in Chicago, says: to justify himself in speaking seriously on the subject, or in deciding with whom the merits of " There are also two creditable works by the lamented young artist, Paul Wood, who lost his life in the burning the arguments rested; so he left it to the of the Hotel Waverly two weeks ago. One of these is a .decision of the society, the result of which was portrait of Prof. Gregori, of Notre Dame University, so unsatisfactory that he was finally compelled imder whom he had studied. The face is a strong one, to call it a "draw." Before adjournnient it was Avell modelled, and good in color. The subject is shown in a fur-cap and a coat with a fur collar. The other work decided that the next question for debate should is entitled ' The Connoisseur,' and is the portrait of^ one be, "Resolved, That the commercial interests of of the professors of the University looking over some the United States would be materially promoted prints. It has the good qualities of the other portrait." by the construction of the Nicaragua Canal." —On Sunday evening, Jan. 17, St. Aloysius' The chief disputants will be E.Brown, J.Cassidy, Philodemic Association met for the election of F. Kleekamp and J. McFadden. officers for the second session. The following is the result: Director, Rev. W. Kelly; President, N. J. Sinnott; Vice-President, J. Raney; Corre­ sponding Secretary, M. A. Quinlan; Recording Roll of Honor. Secretary,.H. Ferneding; Treasurer, J. McAuliff; Censor, C. C. Rudd. Messrs. J. J. Fitzgerald, SORIN HALL. J. Doheny, R. Frizzelle, L. Whelan, and R. Sin­ Messrs. Ahlrichs, Bachrach, Brady, Combe, Cartier, nott were proposed for membership and unani­ F. Chute, L. Chute, Coady, Carney, Carroll, Dechant, mously elected. The meetings of the society Dacey, DuBrul, Fitzgerald, Flannery, Gillon, Hannin, Joslyn, Lancaster, H. Murphy, P. Murphy, Monarch, will be taken up by the Mock-Congress. The Maurus, McAuliff, McGrath, McKee, Neef, Quinlan, different committees necessary to the introduc­ Sanford, Schaack, Sullivan, C. Scherrer, E. Scherrer, N. tion of house-bills were appointed, and regular Sinnott, R. Sinnott, F. Vurpillat, V. Vurpillat. work will be commenced at the next meeting. BROWNSON HALL. —^The members of the Sorin Literary and Messrs. Ahlrichs, Alnsbury, Arts, Breen, Bums, V. Brennan, J. Brady, Brown, T. Brady, Bolton, Brookfield, Dramatic Association held their meeting in St. Baldwin, W. Brennan, Cassidy, Chassang, Corcoran, Edward's Hall on Wednesday, January 20, the Corry, Crawley, Carter, J. Cummings, Correll, Chilcote, speakers were F. Cornell, F. Holbrook, F. Hilger, W. Cummings, Caffrey, Crilly, Castenado, Cole, Cum­ H. Durand and H. Londoner. Then came the mings, Cherhart, Case, Coady, Doheny, Doyle, Delaney, Devanny, Egan, EUwanger, Ferneding, Funke, Frizzelle, * election of officers for the session which resulted Flannigan, Flynn, Foley, Griffin, Healy, R. Harris, as follows: Rt. Rev. Joseph Dvvenger, Bishop of Hesse,* Holland, E.Harris, Houlihan, Heer, Hagan, Ft.Wayne, Very Rev.'E. Sorin, Sup.-Gen'l C. S.C, Henly, Hoepe, Jacobs, Jewett, F. Kenny, Krost, Klee­ and Rev. T. E. Walsh, C. S. C, Hon. Directors; kamp, Keough, W. M. Kennedy, M. Kelly, Karasynski, Krembs, Kintzele, Kearns, E. Kenny, Kunert, Lindeke, Rev. A. Morrissey, C. S. C, Director; Rev. J. A. Layton, McClure, S. Mitchell, McFadden, Monarch, O'Connell, C.S.C., Promoter; Prof. A. F. Zahm, Maloney, D. Murphy, McVean, McErlain, McKee, F. President; F. Cornell, ist Vice-President; H. Murphy, Mattingly, McCarrick, McCuUough, McDer- Durand, 2d Vice-President; J. KrpUman, Record­ mott, Murray. Markhoff, Magnus, Moxley, Nockels, Newton, Palmer, Powers, Pulskamp, D. Phillips, T. ing Secretary; T. Lowery, Corresponding Sec. Phillips, Quinlan, G. Ryan, M. Ryan, J. Ryan, Ragan,. E.Jonquet,Treasurer; F.Wolf, Marshal; WLa- E. Roby, Raney, Riordan, Stace, Sherman, Schillo, Stan­ Moure, ist Monitor; H. Londoner, 2d Monitor; ton, Schopp, Thome, Vinez, Vurpillat, Welsh, Whitehead, W. Blumenthal, Librarian; L. Trankle, 1st Cen­ Wilkin, Zeitler, Zeller. sor; F. Ransome, 2d Censor; J. Freeman, 3d CARROLL HALL. Censor; C.Furthman,Serg't-at-Arms; A. Hilger, Messrs. Arvidson, Ashford, Bouer, Bixby, Barbour; Charged'Affaires;y. Berthelet, Standard-bearer. Baldauf, Ball, Bachrach, Bates, J. Browii,_ F. Brown, G. Brown, Byrnes, Brennan, Berglahd, Briggs, Burkart, With few exceptions, the officers were elected Casey, Corry, Curran, Connell, CuUen, Carpenter/Cor­ by the unanimous vote of the members. coran, tarney, Dion, Dix, DuBois, DeLormier, Dun- • —The Law Debating Society met on Wednes­ combe, Dillman, Delaney, J. Dempsey, F..Dempsey,; day evening, the 20th inst., and re-elected Dixon,. DuBrul, Dorsey, Evans, - Fitzgefadd, "Fleming,: Falk, Finnerty; A. Funke, G. Funke, Ford, Foster, Grote,' •officers for the ensuing term, with the following L. Gibson, N. Gibson, Glass, Gilbert, Griffin, Gerlach;' 352 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC,

Gillam, Garfias, Girardin, Gerner, Gerdes, Hill, Hagan, Geo. W. Manypenny, Commissioner of Indian Hilger, Hoban, Hargrave, Hagus, Hittson, Healy, Affairs under President Pierce; ex-U. S. Senator Hamilton, Hack. Janssen, Joseph, Johnson, Kauffmann, Kreicker, Kindler, Kraber, Kmneavy, A. Kegler, W. Willard Warner, General Benjamin Brice, ex- Kegler, Kerker, Levi, Lee, Lowrey, Luther, Lawton, Paymaster General of the Army, and Com­ Lane, Leonard, Mills, Mitchell, Miller, Meyers, Marre, manders Robert E. Impey and John J. Brice, of Marr, Miles, McPhee, Mahon, J. Miller, A. McKee, Mc­ the Navy. She was attired in a stylish gown of Dowell, Moss, Martin, H. Nichols, W.Nichols, Nicholson, •O'Connor, O'Brien, W. O'Neill. J. O'Neill, O'Rourke, light broadcloth, richly trimmed with Alaskan Oliver, Payne, Peake, Prichard, Pope, Phillipson, Rupel, sable, and with "Louis XIV;" coat, the skirt Rogers, Ratterman, Rumely, Regan, H. Reedy, C. Reedy, of the gown being demi-train. She carried a Rend, Reilly, Sullivan, Stern, Strauss, Sparks, Sedwick, Scholer, Stone, Sweet, Slevin, Sheurman, Stephens, bouquet of bride's roses, and her only ornament Shirk, Smith, Thornton, Thome, J. Tong, O. Tong, Tal- was a magnificent diamond pin and pendant, lon, "Thomas, Teeters, Thorn, Trimble, Tobin, Theit, in "Sunburst" shape, a gift of the groom. The Todd, Vorhang, Washburne, Walker, Weaver, White, bridesmaids were Miss Jessie Robbins and Miss- N. Weitzel, B. Weitzel, Wellington, Wagner, Wensinger, Warner, Yeager, Yingst, C. Zoehrlaut, G. Zoehrlaut. Kate Wilson; the maid of honor was little Miss ST. EDWARD'S HALL. Louise Speer, a daughter of Dr. Speer; and the Masters Ayers, Ahem, Allen, O. Brown, Burns, P>lum- ushers were Messrs. Joseph Sprague, Robert enthal, V. Berthelet, R. Berthelet, Ball, Cornel], Corry, Davidson, Harry Hoover and Thaddeus Mont­ Christ, Curtin, J. Curry, W. Crandall, Chapoton, J. Co- quillard, A. Coquillard, Croke, Cross, W. Durand, B. gomery. After the ceremony an elaborate Durand, DuBrul L. Donnell, S. Donnell, W. Emerson, wedding breakfast and reception followed at F. Emerson, Everest, Elliott, Egan, C. Francis, E. the residence of-Dr. and Mrs. Speer, at the close Francis, Finnerty, Fossick, Fuller, N. Freeman, B. Free­ of which the young married couple departed for man, C. Furthman, E. Furthman, Girsch, Willie Gregg, Gilbert, Hoffman, Roy Higgins. Ralph Higgins, Hol- the East. They will reside in Washington, D. C, brook, Howard, Hilger, Healy, Jones, Jonquet, Kuehl, where Mr. Arnold is engaged in practising law. King, Krollman, Kern, Keeler, Kinney, W. LaMoure, E. Mr. Arnold is a graduate of the Universities of LaMoure, Lysle, Londoner, Lawton, Langley, Loughran, Georgetown and Notre Dame, and at one time Longevin, Lowrey, McPhee, Mclntyre, R. McCarthy, E. McCarthy, G. McCarthy, E. McCarthy, Maternes, Mor­ taught in the latter Institution. Congratula­ rison, McGinley, McAlister, Nichols, Ninneman, O'Neill, tions and remembrances were received from far O'Brien, W. Pollitz, H. Pollitz, Pieser, Pursell, Platts, and near; among others from His Eminence, Pratt, Ransome, Repscher, Rose, G. Scherrer, W. Scher- Cardinal Gibbons, Right Rev. P. S. Chapelle, rer. Smith, Steele, Stuckhart, Swan, F. Trankle, L. Trankle, Thomas, Trujillo, Weber,Wolf, White, Wilson. Coadjutor Bishop, Santa Fe, N. M.; Very Rev. Ferdinand Brossart, V. G., Covington, Ky.; Very Rev. Thomas E. Walsh, C. S. C, President ^ • » Notre Dame University; President and Mrs. Harrison, Senator and Mrs. Sherman, Secretary [From the Ci7icmnati " Coinmerxial Gazette."^ and Mrs. Noble and Misses Halstead, Governor A Brilliant "Wedding. and Mrs. Campbell and Miss Owens, General David S. Stanley, U. S. A., Mrs. General John A. Logan, Mrs. Samuel S. Cox, Justice and Mrs. NEWARK, O., Jan. 7.—The marriage of Miss Frances Burnham Woods, the only daughter of A. C. Bradley, of Washington; Mrs. Justice Mrs. Cecilia I. Woods and the late Major Gen­ Woods, General and Mrs. Benjamin Brice, eral Charles R. Woods, U. S. Army, and niece Commander John J. Brice, U. S. N., Admiral of the late Justice William B. Woods, of the and Mrs. Franklin,U. S. N.,Mr. and Mrs. Horace U. S. Supreme Court, to Mr. Eugene F. Arnold, Weddle, Cleveland; Hon. and Mrs. J. W.Owens, of Washington, D. C, was solemnized in an Major and Mrs. H. C. McDowell, "Ashland," impressive manner this morning at St. Francis Lexington, Ky.; Mother Augusta, Superior of de Sales' Church, in the presence of a large the Sisters of the Holy Cross; Hon. W. W. number of distinguished friends and relatives, Dodge, of Burlington, Iowa.; Hon. and Mrs. and was the most brilliant social event of the Charles Tracy, General and Mrs. James Oakes season. and Miss Oakes, Senator and Mrs. Dolph, Mr.- and Mrs. Richard li. Nixon, Hon. and Mrs. As the sweet strains of the Lohengrin Wed­ Benjamin F. Shively, Mr. and Mrs. Randall ding March floated through the sacred edifice, Hagner, Mr. and Mrs. Randall Webb, Hon. and the bride, preceded by the bridal procession, Mrs. Horace Taylor and Miss Taylor, Judge and was escorted to the high altar by her uncle. Dr. Mrs. Philemon B.Ewing, Lancaster, O.; ex-U. S. A. T. Speer.. They were met at the altar railing Marshal and Mrs. A. A. Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. by the groom and his best man, Mr. Edward Williard Warner, Washington; Prof, and Mrs. H. Sanford, a young banker of Chicago. The W. D. Cabell and Miss Cabell, General and Mrs. ceremony was performed by the Right Rev. S. S. Hinkle, Mr. and Mrs. Howard C. Qaggett. Bishop Watterson, of Columbus, assisted by the Prof. John. G. Ewing, Notre Dame, Ind.; Hon. Rev. Wm. F. Hayes, the pastor," who recently and Mrs. Wm. P. Breen, Ft. Wayne, Ind; Mr. received Miss Woods into the Catholic Church. and Mrs. Richard Nevins, New York; Mr. and The young bride is a strikingly beautiful and Mrs. R. H. Clarke.and the Misses Clarke, New queenly-looking brunette, and comes of an York; Hon. D. J. Hogan, Geneva, III.; Rev. L. old and very distinguished family, as well on J. Evers, Nevv York; Mrs. J. W.Torney and Miss the side of her mother as that of her father, Torney, Philadelphia. and numbers among her living relatives Colonel NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 353

the music of whose voice rang out along the road into Michigan. St. MSFY'S jfiQademY. —The Novitiate was the scene of unwonted excitement on Saturday last, when Rev. Father One Mile West of Notre Dame University. Zahm made his appearance,- bearing all the requisites for a trip to the Holy Land, to be taken by all in a very comfortable and inex­ —The semi-annual examination in music is pensive manner. He guaranteed a safe journey in progress, and has thus far proved most grat­ with not even a qualm of sea-sickness to disturb ifying to both pupils and teachers. the voyagers. By means of a stereopticon the —The members of the Senior reading-class chief points of interest sanctified by the presence have devoted much attention lately to a review of our Lord when on earth were visited, and of first principles in the art of elocution, to test the pilgrimage was made doubly pleasant by the result of which they held a competition last Rev. Father Zahm's descriptions and explana­ week, in which all showed great proficiency. tions, all of which bore the charm which accom­ —Among the names registered at St. Mary's panies the account of one who has visited these" as visitors during the past week were Rev. M. J. places in person. Bethlehem, Nazareth, Mt. O'Brien, Stevenspoint, Wis.; J. McDonald, and Olivet, the Via Dolorosa, Jericho and the Dead Mrs. A. Hunt, Chicago; Mrs. J. Schoonmacher, Sea were among the scenes presented; but the St. Paul, Minn.; Mrs. F. Hopper, Mrs. A. Scott, dissolving views awakened keenest interest,- Pittsburgh, Pa. especially one which showed the Magi follow­ ing the guidance of the miraculous star, which, —The representation of the cave of Bethlehem while they looked at it, changed to an angel, with the sweet Babe and His holy Mother, pointing to the midnight cave. The evening was is still a favorite-shrine at St. Mary's. Every one long to be remembered, and warm thanks day, eager, loving petitions are brought there, are tendered Rev. Father Zahm for the pleasure and among the heart-prayers offered, none are he conferred. more earnest than those woven round the name of Very Rev. Father General, whose genial •* • * presence we so much miss, and whose restora­ tion to health is so ardently desired. "What Man Has Done, Man Can Do. —Education in its true sense was the theme of Very Rev. Father Corby's instructive remarks The time of waiting for opportunities is over; at the academic meeting of Sunday evening. we must create them. Chances for winning The influence of surroundings, the force of example, daily contact with various dispositions, fame will not come to us; exertion is necessary and the reliance upon self, which comes when for the completion of any task, be it great or away from home, were cited as factors of edu­ small; but the idea that all great things have cation more potent than text-books in the been done is an erroneous one. development of the true Christian woman. It is true that when we think of Dante in —Miss Helen Nacey was the representative literature and Raphael in art, we almost despair of the German classes at "points" on the 17th, of reaching even mediocrity in either of the and read a poetical selection with much taste. branches in which they excelled, and cannot Mis's S. Meskill followed with a sketch of Car­ believe that such results will ever come froni dinal Manning by Eugene Didier. The close attention accorded was evidence of the interest the pen and brush of any other men. We can­ all feel in England's great Cardinal, whose life- not tell what is in store for the future; but we work was so closely identified with all the have every reason to believe that just as great movements that have brought Great "Britain poets and artists will flourish. The history of before the public for more than half a century. the past goes to show that when great needs —The merry jingle of bells, the sound of arose, there also was provided what was neces­ happy voices,-and that nameless something in sary to satisfy them. Trying times found great the frosty air which lends a charm all its own men to tide nations over difficulties, and new to a sleigh-ride, combined to render the sleigh­ wants were supplied from new resources. The ing parties of the past week events of the year. event which makes 1892 so memorable an anni­ The graduates headed the list with a delightful ride to St. Joseph's Farm, where kind and sub­ versary was as startling to the world in 1492 as stantial hospitality was extended; after which would be the discovery of a new world now; the party, deciding that "the longest way round and yet the spirit of discovery did not die with is the shortest way home," started for St. Mary's Columbus. " History repeats itself," and " what by way of Mishawaka and South Bend. The man has done, man can do," are mottoes espe­ Colorado pupils, thanks to Rev. Father Zahm, cially appropriate in this age of progress. enjoyed a trip to Niles; and last, but not least, the young ladies who remained at the Academy Cambyses, father of Cyrus, had much to be during the holidays made up a merry party. proud of in his son. In his school, he was the 354 NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. first in studies and obedience, and his numerous we receive consolation and hope in the beautiful talents were universally admired. Among his thought of Tennyson: " Better not be at all, than comrades he was very popular and a general not be noble." This thought should be an incen­ favorite with his teachers. In after-life most of tive to good deeds, charitable actions, and his victories were" due to perseverance, courage progress in the practice of all the virtues that and resolution.- After his battle with the will- prepare for us the way to the kingdom of Assyrians, he won the love,'confidence and God. Recognizing the influence of example in esteem of his subjects, and many pledged their our own life, we should remember that "to allegiance to him. Have we not all the power whom much is given, of him much shall be of winning respect and love from our fellow- required"; and it rests upon us to so frame our beings? We certainly have, and it lies within career, that others, coming after in the great each of us to gather friends by the score and march of humanity, may find in our lives incen­ win battles of reform and do good in this way tives to nobility of purpose and strength of —as much as Cyrus did in his way. We may action. SARA B. WILE. not be able to conquer Assyria or Persia; but every day we can aid in the promotion of some good work. Indeed we have better opportunities, Roll of Honor. for the centuries of civilization and religious [For politeness, neatness, order, amiability, correct influence since his time have done much to deportment and observance of rules.] SENIOR DEPARTMENT. make heroic virtues easier of attainment than Misses-E. Adelsperger, Augustine, Agney, Bassett, E. under the Median and Persian law. Burns, M. Burns, Bell, R. Butler, Brady, Buell, Black, Charles, Clifford, Crilly, Carpenter, Dieffenbacher, Daley, Beethoven, the Shakspere of Music, may E. Dennison, Evoy, Field, Griffith, Green, Galvin, Lucy prove the incentive to some great master yet Griffith, Gibbons, Hellmann, Hutchinson,' Hopkins, Hunt, Hittson, Jacobs, Kirley, Keating, Kemme, Kieffer, Kauff- to come. By his work he has surely been an mann, Kingsbaker, Kimmell, Kiernan, Kinney, Lynch, unconscious medium to thousands since his Londoner, Lennon.Lancaster, Leppell, La Moure.Lantry, Morse, M. Moynahan, Murison, Morehead, Moore, E. tired hands were crossed in death upon his McCormack, Maloney, D. McDonald, McGuire, McCune, breast. His genius was a gift of God, and cer­ Maxon, Nickel, M. Nichols, B. Nichols, Nester, O'Sul- tainly this generous Giver did not withdraw livan, Payne, Quinn, A. Ryan, K. Ryan, Robinson, M. Roberts, Rizer, M. Smyth, Stewart, Sena, Shaw, Tietgen, from others His favors by bestowing this great Tod, Van Mourick, G. Winstandley, B. Winstandley, one on Beethoven. Wurzburg, Whitmore, Welter, Whitney, Wolverton,Zahm. In mechanical aids this age has no equal. . JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. Misses Adelsperger, Baxter, Coady, Crandall, B. Davis, Steam, electricity and other forces carry on the Girsch, Hickey, Hopper, Kasper, Londoner, Meskill, M. work of life with speed and accuracy, and each Mills, A. O'Mara, Pfaelzer, Ryder, Scott, S. Smyth, N. Smyth, Schaefer, Tilden, Wolverton, Wheeler, White, day shows that the watchword in this branch, Williams, Whittenberger. as in all others, is "progress." Many things are MINIM DEPARTMENT. yet to be invented: as, flying machines, means Misses Ahem, Buckley, Dysart, Finnerty, H. Girsch, for exploring the bottom of the sea, and ways Lingard, McKenna, McCormack, A. McCarthy, Palmer, Wormer. of communicating with the planets. In these developments, still in the future, can be found Class Honors. sufficient material for winning the applause of the world. These seem difficult tasks and almost . GRADUATING CLASS—Misses Adelsperger, Fitzpatrick, impossible undertakings; but two hundred-years Griffith, Nacey, Nester, Nickel, Wile. IST SENIOR CLASS— Misses Bassett, Moynahan,Thirds. ago the wisdom of to-day was folly to our 2D SENIOR CLASS—Misses Tormey, Bero, E. Burns, ancestors. Were some of the early settlers of M. Burns, Butler, Charles, Dempsey, Green, M. Kirley, Klingberg, Ludwig, Murison, Carpenter, Roberts, Robin­ America to revisit the earth, doubtless they son, Zahm, Kimmell. would think.us a race of witches, and would 3D SENIOR CLASS—Misses Clifford, Grace, Hellman, think the stake the fit place for inventors of Keating. Londoner, N. Nichols, Seely, Van Mourick. 1ST PREPARATORY CLASS—Misses L.Bogart, Buell, such mysteries as surround us. Cowan, • Evoy, Griffith, Kemme, Kieffer, G. Lancaster, Lichtenhein, E. McCormack, Maloney, McDonald, Moy­ The times and conditions of the people fur­ nahan, Nichols, O'Sullivan, Rizer, A. Seeley, Tod; M. nish ample means for'advancement in every Davis, B. Davis, Meskill. , , branch of learning; nor can one give the excuse 2D PREPARATORY CLASS—Misses Black,"Kingsbaker, Jacobs, Hittson, Kauffmann, Leppel, C. Sena, Dingee, that opportunities are wanting. Since we are Dennison, Adelsperger, Baxter, Hickey, Palmer, Doule. not fond of war, except, perhaps, where justice 3D PREP. CLASS—Misses Payne, Van Liew, ,Tietjen, Culp. ' ;• ' : is in question, and have no desire to conquer JUNIOR PREP. CLASS—Misses Dennison, Cowan, H. countries •• and nations, the peaceful pursuits Nacey, Williams, White. ; prevail. The battles of everyday life alone 1ST JUNIOR CLASSY—Misses Dysart, Ford. 2D JUNIOR CLASS^—Misses Ahem, Crandall, Palmef, employ our /martial ardor, and in this xonflict McCormack, Tilden, Wormer, Lingard.