Violence Against Women and Ethnicity: Commonalities and Differences Across Europe
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Violence against Women and Ethnicity: Commonalities and Differences across Europe Ravi K. Thiara Stephanie A. Condon Monika Schröttle (eds.) Violence against Women and Ethnicity: Commonalities and Differences across Europe Barbara Budrich Publishers Opladen • Berlin • Farmington Hills, MI 2011 Die frei zugängliche digitale Publikation wurde ermöglicht mit Mitteln des BMBF Projektes OGeSoMo der Universitätsbibliothek Duisburg-Essen. In diesem Projekt wird Open Access für geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche Monografien gefördert und untersucht. Informationen und Ergebnisse finden Sie unter: https://www.uni-due.de/ogesomo © 2011 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. (CC- BY-SA 4.0) It permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you share under the same license, give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ © 2011 Dieses Werk ist beim Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH erschienen und steht unter der Creative Commons Lizenz Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Diese Lizenz erlaubt die Verbreitung, Speicherung, Vervielfältigung und Bearbeitung bei Verwendung der gleichen CC-BY-SA 4.0-Lizenz und unter Angabe der UrheberInnen, Rechte, Änderungen und verwendeten Lizenz. This book is available as a free download from www.barbara-budrich.net (https://doi.org/10.3224/86649409). A paperback version is available at a charge. The page numbers of the open access edition correspond with the paperback edition. ISBN 978-3-86649-409-1 (paperback) eISBN 978-3-86649-570-8 (ebook) DOI 10.3224/86649409 Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH Stauffenbergstr. 7. D-51379 Leverkusen Opladen, Germany 28347 Ridgebrook. Farmington Hills, MI 48334. USA www.barbara-budrich.net A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek (The German Library) (http://dnb.d-nb.de) Jacket illustration by disegno, Wuppertal, Germany – www.disenjo.de Typesetting by R + S Beate Glaubitz, Leverkusen, Germany Dedication Thaibaran, for the ongoing love and support and for being there (RT). As well as to ‘my three’, a special dedication and thanks for their guidance to two ‘great feminists’: Maryse J and my mum (SC). For my courageous mother and for all mothers who teach their daughters self-respect, justice and pride (MS). Acknowledgements Putting together this Reader took us more than three years and the project would not have been successful without the intensive work and support of many people. First of all we would like to thank the authors of this book for their stimulating and elaborate contributions and for their patience during the pro- duction process of the book, somewhat lengthened by the finalisation of the English versions of the chapters written in French or German. The dedication and hard work of Renate Klein and Carol Hagemann- White in building up and organizing European research networks on VAW were central in the international cooperation that led to this Reader. Without their network activities, bringing the three of us together and giving us the opportunity to discuss the theme of gender, violence and ethnicity/dis- crimination, this project would never have launched. We would also like to thank our publisher, Barbara Budrich, and her team for their support during this project and for their patience whilst awaiting the full manuscript, never placing pressure on us nor losing faith that one day the Reader would be completed. WAVE was another important European partner for this Reader, as Rosa Logar, Maria Rösslhumer and Felice Drott helped us in searching for funding for translations and in preparing a framework for the dissemination of the con- tents of this book during the annual WAVE conference in October 2011. Our colleague and friend Nancy Gage-Lindner gave us important ideas for possible funders and for the realisation of the project, in addition to revision work on the German to English translations. Without the generous support given by INED (the French National Demographic Studies Institute) toward our meetings in Paris over the past four years and its contribution to funding the translation of the French- language chapters, the Reader would still be awaiting completion. INED has supported research on VAW since becoming a partner in the first French sur- 8 Acknowledgements vey on the topic, coordinated by Maryse Jaspard in 2000. It must be said that it is extremely difficult to convince institutions of the importance of high quality translation in scientific exchange within Europe. The particular theme we are dealing with in the Reader made the challenge even greater. The excellent work of the translators Harriet Coleman (France) and Ul- rike Mietz (Germany) has been an invaluable component of the production process for the English version of the Reader. Kathrin Vogt from the University of Bielefeld assisted us in the final stage of the project, particularly for the literature reference checks. We also thank our partners, families and close colleagues who gave us support by showing understanding that our shared time and energy was often sapped by the additional work that this project demanded. Last but not least, we would like to dedicate this book to the many mi- grant and minority women in Europe who have struggled against violence in the past and those that are still working to stop all violence against women, as well as to those who are fighting for the full bodily and personal integrity of migrant/minority women in Europe and elsewhere in the world. Contents Dedication ............................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgements ............................................................................... 7 Preface Renate Klein .......................................................................................... 13 Introduction Ravi K. Thiara, Stephanie Condon and Monika Schröttle .................... 17 Part 1: Building and Sharing Knowledge about Violence Against Women in Europe Violence Against Women: Still A Political Problem Throughout Europe Rosa Logar ............................................................................................ 35 What Do We Know About Gendered Violence and Ethnicity Across Europe From Surveys? Stephanie Condon, Maud Lesné and Monika Schröttle ........................ 59 Part 2: Making the Links Particularly Violent? The Construction of Muslim Culture as a Risk Factor for Domestic Violence Renée Römkens with Esmah Lahlah ..................................................... 79 10 Contents Immigrant Women and Domestic Violence: Intersectional Perspectives in a Biographical Context Nadja Lehman ....................................................................................... 97 From the Racialization of Sexism to Sexism as an Identity Marker Christelle Hamel ................................................................................... 113 Part 3: Forms and Effects of Violence Against Women Male Violence Against Migrant Women: Denying Rights in a Racist Gender System Sabine Masson and Patricia Roux ........................................................ 127 Violence Against Migrant Women, Health and Sexuality: Trajectories of Women from Sub-Saharan Africa Living with HIV/AIDS in France Dolorès Pourette ................................................................................... 140 Violence Against Women and the Social, Ethnic and Sexual Division of Labour: Continuity and Disparity Between Community Care Workers’ Experiences Emmanuelle Lada and Ghislaine Doniol-Shaw .................................... 155 Ethnicities in the Aftermaths of Sexualised Coercion: Common Issues and Diverse Personal Meanings Bodil Pedersen ...................................................................................... 170 Correlates of Partner Violence and Health among Migrant Women in Germany: Results of Comparable Analyses of Quantitative Survey Data Monika Schröttle and Nadia Khelaifat ................................................. 186 Racism, Violence and Health: The Living Experience of Immigrant Women in an Italian City Patrizia Romito, Giuditta Creazzo, Daniela Paci and Emanuela Pipitone ................................................................................ 206 ‘Hard, Feisty Women’ – ‘Coping on Your Own’: African-Caribbean Women and Domestic Violence Ravi K. Thiara ...................................................................................... 226 Contents 11 Forced Marriages: Between Social Construction and Experience of Family Enforcement Beate Collet and Emmanuelle Santelli ................................................. 241 Part 4: Responses to Violence againsts Minority Ethnic Women Standing in the Same Dream: Black and Minority Women’s Struggles Against Gender-Based Violence and for Equality in the UK Pragna Patel and Hannana Siddiqui .................................................... 259 The Thin Line Between Protection, Care and Control: Violence Against Ethnic Minority Women in Denmark Yvonne Mørck, Bo Wagner Sørensen, Sofia Danneskiold-Samsøe and Henrietta Højberg ................................................................................. 276 In the Name of ‘Rights’ – BAMER Women, Terrorism and Violence Against Women Amrit Wilson and