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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86940-9 - Legal Reform and Administrative Detention Powers in China Sarah Biddulph Index More information INDEX abuse of power lawfulness of specific administrative act detention for investigation 333 297–8 police (public security organs) 276, 280–1, lawyers and 303–5 312–3, 327, 361, 367 parties administration according to law 240–3, applicant 298–303 365 respondent 303 balance theory 244–5 Party leadership and 314–8 building basis of laws and rules 248–50 procedural issues 306–8 debates over purpose of administrative law scope of litigation and accepting a case 244–5 295–7 flexibility as problem of discretion 246–7 social order policy and 314–18 formalist approaches 243–4 withdrawal of applications 308–12, 327–30 redefining law and its values 250–6 administrative review 294–5, 318–20, 328, constraining scope of MPS rule-making 329 power 251–3 decisions 325 efforts by NPC to increase control over jurisdiction of review organs 324–5 legislation 250–1 lawfulness and appropriateness of specific regularising rule-making 253–5 administrative act 321–2 strengthening supervision over procedures 322–4 rule-making 255–6 scope of review 320–1 rule of law administration 245–6 age limits, Re-education through Labour administrative detention powers 3–6, 94, 149, (RETL) and 206 358–62 Alford, William 18 conceptual framework of study 18–20 Anti-Rightist Campaign 85, 86, 87, 92 continuities and discontinuities between arrest 64 reform and pre-reform era 353–8 asylums 6 institutional mechanisms for policy and rule formation 356–7 Bakken, Borge 100, 119, 126 significance of repetition with difference balance theory 244–5 for possibilities for legal change 357–8 Baum, Richard 45 social order policy context 354–6 Beijing criticisms 6 community organisations 112 historical context 61, 62, 92 crime in 132 legal characterisation 8–9 drug campaigns in 79 ‘legal field’ concept and 57–8, 362–71 prostitution in organisation of study 20–5 detention of prostitutes 74 questions and hypotheses of study 12–18 eradication measures 71–2 recent history 7–8 Bonnin, Michel 51 see also individual topics Bourdieu, Pierre 19, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, administrative law, debates over purpose of 35, 36–40, 41, 42, 55, 57, 94, 363, 364, 244–5 367, 369, 371 administrative litigation 294–5, 328, 329 decisions 312–14 Campaign to Suppress Counter- independence in adjudication 314–18 revolutionaries 64–6, 67, 78, 81, 94, jurisdiction 310 128 477 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86940-9 - Legal Reform and Administrative Detention Powers in China Sarah Biddulph Index More information INDEX Chen Jianfu 47 police and 225–7, 228, 230, 274, 363 Chen Weiguo 297 Comprehensive Management of Public Chen Yingchun 300 Order (CMPO) Committee 234–5 China Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), contest for control between MPS and Law Research Institute 52 local Party 238–9 Chiu Hongdah 44 Discipline Inspection Committee 286–7 Christian groups 205 enforcement policy 231–2 citizen complaints 279, 281, 288, 290–327 ideological leadership and professional administrative litigation 294–5, 328, 329 ethos 236–8 applicant 298–303 individual interference in police work decisions 312–14 239–40 independence in adjudication 314–18 organisation leadership over law lawfulness of specific administrative act enforcement 232–5 297–8 organisation leadership over public Party leadership and 314–18 security organs 235 procedural issues 306–8 Political-Legal Committee 232–4 respondent 303 supervision 284 scope of litigation and accepting a case prostitution eradication campaigns and 161, 295–7 165, 173 social order policy and 314–18 Re-education through Labour (RETL) and withdrawal of applications 308–12, 82–4, 87, 88, 89, 90, 194, 195, 209 327–30 reforms 341 administrative review 294–5, 318–20, 328, registration and control of politically 329 suspect and campaigns against decisions 325 counter-revolutionaries 63, 64–6 jurisdiction of review organs 324–5 ‘Six Evils’ campaign and 137, 162 lawfulness and appropriateness of specific socialist spiritual civilisation and 105, 118 administrative act 321–2 unauthorised migration from rural areas and procedures 322–4 91 scope of review 320–1 community organisations 111–14 expanding and regularising systems 291–4 mutual surveillance 90 letters and visits 290–1 policing and 110, 115 citizen empowerment 326–7 Re-education through Labour (RETL) and coercive drug rehabilitation 5, 9, 121, 152, 210–11 153, 179, 192, 356 social disorder programmes and 67 administrative review 294 social help and rescue for drug addiction legal basis 259, 262 180–1 management of detention centres and compensation 284, 325 revenue raising 188–91 complaints see citizen complaints procedural regulation 269 Comprehensive Management of Public Order procedures 187–8 (CMPO) 95, 103–5, 106, 107–9, 150, regulation 185–6 177, 194, 234–5, 287, 354, 369 targets 186–7 prostitution and 157 time limits 187 strengthening leadership 109 Cohen, Jerome 7 conceptual framework of study 18–20 collectivisation programme 86 Constitution of China (1982) 96, 248, 251, Communist Party (CCP) 5, 20, 31, 41, 43, 54, 266, 336, 342, 343 96, 192, 371 continuities and discontinuities between administrative litigation and 314–18 reform and pre-reform era 353–8 Central Committee (CCPCC) 10, 11, 31 institutional mechanisms for policy and rule Comprehensive Management of Public formation 356–7 Order (CMPO) and 104, 107 significance of repetition with difference for strengthening leadership 109 possibilities for legal change 357–8 detention for investigation and 335 social order policy context 354–6 drug addiction campaigns 78–9, 182 contradictions, theory of 68–70, 104, 144–5, Hard Strike campaigns and 125, 128, 130, 355 132, 133 control measures 65–6 478 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86940-9 - Legal Reform and Administrative Detention Powers in China Sarah Biddulph Index More information INDEX Cooney, Sean 34 legal basis 259, 262 corruption 97, 98, 99, 237, 239–40 management of detention centres and police 276 revenue raising 188–91 counter-revolutionaries 62 procedural regulation 269 Campaign to Suppress Counter- procedures 187–8 revolutionaries 64–6, 67, 78, 81, 94, regulation 185–6 128 targets 186–7 Re-education through Labour (RETL) and time limits 187 205–6 drug free communities 181 registration of 63 Re-education through Labour (RETL) and courts 181, 188, 196, 202 People’s Courts 8 re-emergence of problems after 1970s Hard Strike campaigns and 129 177–9, 191 Supreme People’s Court (SPC) 54, 317, 329 registration of drug users 77, 80, 179–80 administrative litigation and 300, 303, social help and rescue 180–1 306, 307 strategies against 76–81, 92, 354 detention for investigation and 336 Dutton, Michael 14, 15, 66, 67, 116, 355 legal basis of administrative detention powers and 258 economic crimes 99 see also administrative litigation economic modernisation programme 3, 39, 94, crime 62, 354 226, 369 characterisation of 96–7 inequalities and 97 contemporary problems 98–103 legal system and 46–51 high tides of 107 social changes and 94 international comparisons 100 education 61, 118–20 prevention 108, 114, 119 detention for 5, 9, 359 punishment 103, 122, 123 administrative review 294 death penalty 103 legal basis 258–9 security defence punishment 345–8, 350 procedural regulation 268 see also fines; Hard Strike campaigns prostitutes 74–6, 121, 152–3, 160–2, 165, specialist struggles and concerted action 359 against 135–6 work-study schools 6, 121 criminal justice system 3 see also Re-education through Labour Cui Ming 144 (RETL) Cultural Revolution 31, 41, 110 empowerment 326–7 Re-education through Labour (RETL) and ethnic minorities 196, 206 90 evidence administrative litigation 306 damages 326 detention for prostitutes and 172 death penalty 103 decisions Falun Gong 196, 205, 224, 305 administrative litigation 312–14 feudal superstitions 202 administrative review 325 fines 356 supervision of RETL decision 279–80, 281 drug users 192 Deng Xiaoping 3, 44, 99, 123, 124, 126, 127, prostitution 176 128, 144, 225, 355 flexibility as problem of discretion 246–7 detention centres 130 forced labour 81, 89 detention powers see administrative detention see also Re-education through Labour powers (RETL) dictatorship 69, 124, 125–7 formalist approaches 277 discretion, flexibility as problem of 246–7 administration according to law and 243–4 disillusionment 326–7 Fu Hualing 97, 113 Dowdle, Michael 53 drug addiction 8, 66, 93, 118 gambling 202 coercive drug rehabilitation 5, 9, 121, 152, Gao Kefeng 311 153, 179, 192, 356 Geng Weijun 296 administrative review 294 Goldsmith, Andrew 56 479 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86940-9 - Legal Reform and Administrative Detention Powers in China Sarah Biddulph Index More information INDEX governance, law as basis for 240–7 Jiang Bixin 308 Great Leap Forward 10 Jiang Zemin 4, 54, 241, 317 Gu Angran 338 Johnson, E. H. 236 Gu Xin 52 Jones, Carol 39, 40 Guangdong judges 56 drug addiction campaigns 182 judicial assistants 113 eradication measures against prostitution in jurisdiction 160 administrative litigation 310 administrative review 324–5 Hard Strike campaigns 10, 15, 49, 95, 99, 121, juvenile offenders, training for 6 150, 224, 233, 315, 355, 357 administrative detention and 139–41 Kahn-Freund, Otto 34 as antithetical to legal norms 145–8 Keith, Ronald 32, 50, 53 campaign of 1983–7 127–32, 141, 149 Kirkby,
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