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Three New Species of Corticioid Fungi from Taiwan

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Three New Species of Corticioid Fungi from Taiwan Botanical Studies (2007) 48: 325-330. microbioloGY Three new species of corticioid fungi from Taiwan Sheng-HuaWU* Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan 40419, Republic of China (ReceivedOctober6,2006;AcceptedFebruary6,2006) ABSTRACT. ThispaperreportsthreenewspeciesofcorticioidfungicollectedfromTaiwan.Theyare Dentipellis taiwaniana,Peniophora formosana,andPhanerochaete granulata.Dentipellis taiwaniana resemblesD. microsporainsharingsmallbasidiosporeswhilethelatterdiffersinhavingnumerous dendrohyphidiainthehymenium.Further,D. microsporaoccursongymnospermsinthetemperateregion ofNEChinawhileD. taiwanianawasfoundonangiospermsinsubtropicallowlandTaiwan.Akeytothe sixknownspeciesofDentipellis isprovided.Peniophora subsalmoneaseemstobemostcloselyalliedtoP. formosana,byresemblanceofgeneralmorphologicalfeatures.Theformerisatropicalspecies,recordedfrom ReunionIslandintheIndianOceanwhilethecollectionofP.formosana wasmadefromthehighmountain temperatebeltofTaiwan.Moreover,thelamprocystidiaofP. subsalmoneaareshorterandwiderthanthose ofP.formosana,andthegloeocystidiaofP. subsalmoneaaredistinctlythick-walled,exceptforthethin- walledapicalparts,andsometimespointedatapices.IncontrastthegloeocystidiaofP. formosanaareslightly thick-walledandobtuseatapices.Moreover,thebasidiosporesofP. subsalmoneaaresmallerthanthoseof P.formosana.Finally,Phanerochaete granulataischaracterizedbyhavingagrandinioidhymenialsurface,a lackofcystidia,andsmallbasidiospores. Keywords:Basidiomycota;Corticiaceae;Dentipellis; Newspecies;Peniophora;Phanerochaete;Taiwan; Taxonomy. INTRODUCTION (2002)andWu(2003a).PhanerochaeteP.Karst.isoneof thelargestgeneraamongcorticioidfungi,withaboutone Corticioid fungi are Homobasidiomycetes with hundredspeciesknownglobally(Parmastoetal.,2004). resupinatebasidiocarps,andthemajorityofthesespecies Beforethepresentstudy,40speciesofPhanerochaete havebeenreferredtothefamilyCorticiaceaeHerter wereknownfromTaiwan(LinandChen,1990;Wu,1990, (Donk,1964;Parmasto,1986;Hjortstam,1997;Wu, 1995,1997b,1998,2000,2003b,2004;Maekawa,1992). 1997a).Mostofthemarewood-decayingfungi,which Thisrepresentsaveryhighnumberwhenconsideredina playanimportantroleinnutrientrecyclinginforest globalcontext. ecosystemsandelsewhereinnature.Recentlyevidence derivedfrommolecularstudieshasrevealedthatthe MATERIALS AND METHODS corticioidfungalgeneraarepresentinallmajorcladesof Homobasidiomycetes(Larssonetal.,2004;Binderetal., Studied specimens have been deposited at the 2005).Hence,thecorticioidfungirepresentapolyphyletic herbariumofNationalMuseumofNaturalScienceof groupintheHomobasidiomycetes. ROC(TNM).Descriptionsofbasidiocarpswerebasedon Thispaperpresentsthreenewspeciesofcorticioid driedspecimens.Free-handthinsectionsofbasidiocarps fungi from Taiwan. The new species Dentipellis werepreparedformicroscopicstudies.Forobservations taiwanianarepresentsthesixthspeciesaccommodatedin andmeasurementsofmicroscopiccharacters,5%KOH this genus (Stalpers, 1996), and this is the first report of was used as the standard mounting medium for all DentipellisDonkfromTaiwan.PeniophoraCookeisa measurements,toensurethatsporeshaverehydrated. fairylargegenusamongcorticioidfungi.Thenewspecies Melzer’sreagent(IKI)wasusedtodetectamyloidityand Peniophora formosanarepresentstheeleventhspeciesof dextrinoidity,cottonblue(CB)todeterminecyanophily, thisgenusreportedfromTaiwan.Forpreviousreportsof andsulphoaldehyde(SA)todetectanysulphuricreaction PeniophorafromTaiwanrefertoLinandChen(1990),Wu ofgloeocystidia,thebluishblackcolorchangeindicating apositivereaction.Measurementsofbasidiosporelengths andwidthsarebasedonthesideview—adaxialand *Correspondingauthor:E-mail:[email protected]; abaxialsides.Apiculiandornamentationareexcludedin Tel:+886-4-23226940;Fax:+886-4-23258684. sporemeasurements. 326 Botanical Studies, Vol. 48, 2007 TAXONOMY whitishbetweenaculei;marginwhitish,thinning,byssoid. Aculei 5-7 per mm, separate, subulate, 80-120 μm wide, Dentipellis taiwanianaShengH.Wu,sp.nov. uptoca.1mmlong. Figure1 Hyphalsystemmonomitic;hyphaenodose-septate. Etymology.Fromtaiwanianus(referringtoTaiwan),in Subiculumfairlyuniform,composedofmedullarylayer, accordancewiththeplacewherethetypespecimenwas withfairlyloosetexture;hyphaecolorless,variously found. oriented, sparsely or moderately ramified, distinct, fairly Holotype. TAIWAN.TAICHUNGHSIEN:Taichung straight, 2-3.5 μm diam, with 0.3-1 μm thick walls. MetropolitanPark,24°13’N,120°35’E,alt.200m,on Subhymeniumslightlythickening,withdensetexture; rottentrunkofCinnamomum camphora,Jun.06,2004,Wu hyphae colorless, 1.5-2 μm diam, thin-walled. Trama with 0406-4(TNMF17066). densetexture;hyphaecolorless,mainlyvertical,similar tothoseinsubiculum.Gloeocystidianumerous,immersed Basidiocarpum resupinatum, effusum, submem orslightlyemergent,colorless,longcylindricalortubular, branaceum, 120-250 μm crassum; superficies hymenialis slightly flexuous, 3-8 μm diam, up to ca. 300 μm long, hydnoidea.Systemahypharummonomiticum;hyphae with 0.5-1.5 μm thick walls, SA-. Basidia clavate, 15-23 fibulatae.Gloeocystidianumerosa,tubuliformia,3-8 × 3-4 μm, 4-sterigmate. Basidiospores ellipsoid, adaxially μm diam, SA-. Basidia clavata, 15-23 × 3-4 μm, 4 slightlyconcave,aculeate(smoothinKOH),thin-walled, sterigmatibus.Basidiosporaeellipsoideae,aculeatae, 2.7-3.3 × 2-2.4 μm, IKI bluish black, CB-. tenuitunicatae, 2.7-3.3 × 2-2.4 μm, IKI lividae, CB-. Distribution. KnownonlyfromTaiwan. Fruitbodyresupinate,effuse,fairlysoft,adnate, submembranaceous ( a c u l e i membranaceous- Remarks. Ginns(1986)criticallystudiedallspecies subceraceous), 120-250 μm thick in section (aculei referredtoDentipellis andacceptedthreespeciesin excluded).Hymenialsurfacehydnoid,aculeiivoryyellow, thisgenus,viz. D.dissita(Berk.&Cooke)MaasG.,D. Figure 1. Dentipellis taiwaniana (holotype). A, Profile of basidiocarp; B, Basidiocarp section; C, Subicular hyphae; D, Gloeocystidia; E, Basidia; F, Basidiospores (left: in KOH, right: in IKI). Scale bars (A= 100 μm; B-F = 10 μm). WU — Three new species of corticioid fungi 327 fragilis(Pers.:Fr.)Donk,andD.leptodon(Mont.)Maas .................................................................. D.taiwaniana G. Stalpers(1996)proposedanewcombination,D. 4.Ongymnospermwood.Gloeocystidiarare................. parmastoi(Nikol.)Stalpers,basedonAmylodontia par- .................................................................... D.parmastoi mastoiNikol.Dai(1998)furtherpresentedanewspecies, 4.Onangiospermwood.Gloeocystidianumerous.......... 5 D.microspora Y.C.Dai,basedontwocollectionsmade fromChangbaishanofNEChina.AmongDentipellis, 5. Basidiospores mostly > 5 μm long , mostly > 4 μm wide D. taiwanianaandD.microsporasharethefeatureof ........................................................................ D.fragilis smallandsimilar-sizedbasidiospores.Thelatterspecies 5. Basidiospores mostly < 5 μm long , mostly < 4 μm wide isdistinguishedfromtheformerinhavingnumerous ........................................................................ D.dissita dendrohyphidiainthehymenium,andthisstructureis lackingintheformer.Inaddition,D. microsporaoccurs Peniophora formosanaShengH.Wu,sp.nov. ongymnospermwoodoftemperateregionofNEChina, Figure2 whileD. taiwanianawasfoundonangiospermwood ofsubtropicallowlandTaiwan.Akeytothesixknown Etymology.Fromformosanus(referringtoFormosa,an speciesofDentipellis isgivenbelow. oldnameforTaiwan),inaccordancewiththeplacewhere thetypespecimenwasfound. Key to Species of Dentipellis H o l o t y p e . TA I WA N . TA I C H U N G HSIENG: 1. Basidiospores < 4 μm long...........................................2 Anmashan,24°16’N,121°00’E,alt.2,250m,onbranch ofangiosperm,Dec5,2001,Wu 0112-20(TNMF13835). 1. Basidiospores > 4 μm long........................................... 4 Basidiocarpumresupinatum,effusum,membranaceum, 2. Basidiospores > 3.2 μm long, > 2.4 μm wide ............... 50-150 μm crassum; superficies hymenialis plana. Systema ......................................................................D.leptodon hypharum monomiticum; hyphae fibulatae. Gloeocystidia 2. Basidiospores < 3.3 μm long, < 2.4 μm wide .............. 3 numerosa, cylindrica vel clavata, 40-60 × 8-20 μm, SA+. 3.TemperatespeciesknownfromtemperateNEChina.On Lamprocystidia 35-55 × 6-9 μm. Basidia subclavata, 28-38 gymnosperm.Dendrohyphidiapresent....D.microspora × 5.5-6.5 μm, 4 sterigmatibus. Basidiosporae anguste 3.Subtropicalspeciesknownfromsubtropicallowland ellipsoideae, laeves, tenuitunicatae, (7.5-) 8-9 (-9.2) × Taiwan.Onangiosperm.Dendrohyphidiaabsent........ 3-3.7µm,IKI-,CB-. Figure 2.Peniophora formosana (holotype).A,Basidiocarpsection;B,Subicularhyphae;C,Gloeocystidia;D,Lamprocystidia;E, Basidia; F, Basidiospores. Scale bars = 10 μm. 328 Botanical Studies, Vol. 48, 2007 Basidiocarpresupinate,effuse,adnate,membranaceous, Boidin,Lanq.&Gillesseemstobethemostcloselyallied 50-150 μm thick in section. Hymenial surface clay-yellow speciesowingtoresemblanceofgeneralmorphological orbuff-colored,smooth,occasionallycracked;margin features (Boidin et al., 1991). However, it can be thinning, paler, filamentose. distinguishedfromP.formosana byseveralcharacteristics. Hyphalsystemmonomitic;hyphaenodose-septate. Firstly,Peniophora subsalmoneaisatropicalspecies, Subiculumcomposedofathinbasallayerandamedullary reported from Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, layerwhichmakesupafairlyloosetexture;hyphae whilethecollectionofP.formosana wasmadefrom colorless, 2.5-4.5 μm diam., generally thin-walled, basal highmountaintemperatebeltabove2,000maltitudeof hyphaeoccasionallyslightlythick-walled.Hymenium
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