UNUnexions August 2003 PPooiinntt ooff VViieeww

The “Point of View” essay series reflects the UNU’s mandate to provide scholarship that clarifies pressing global issues. This issue’s “Point of View” was contributed by Professor Luk Van Langenhove, Director of UNU’s Comparative Regional Integration Studies Programme (UNU/CRIS) in Bruges, Belgium. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the UNU. Regional integration and global governance

By Luk Van number has risen Langenhove nowadays to 191 In our globalized Member States), which world, societies are means that the affected more and functioning of the more extensively and General Assembly is deeply by events of not getting easier. other societies. Debates Thirdly, states now on globalization raise have to share their questions regarding the hegemony on appropriate political governance and their response for dealing capacity to regulate with both its negative economic and positive effects. transformation more One of the fundamental and more with local questions is at what governments, supra- level action should be national groupings and The meeting of the European Council was held in Copenhagen on 12–13 December 2002. situated. National and The agenda concentrated on two key topics: the enlargement of the EU and functional non-governmental local authorities can procedures of the Council in the light of the enlargement. actors. And, finally, as take actions, but – as is (Photo: Audiovisual Library of the European Commission) shown in the recent often the case – these authorities are limited in their ability Iraqi crisis, not all states seem to accept multilateralism as to tackle global and, thus, transnational problems. On the the dominant principle on which the world order has to be other hand, there are global worldwide institutions, such as based. the United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions. And, So, how should the United Nations deal with in between, there are regional institutions as well, such as globalization? Should we stick to the old model of a club of the European Union, Mercosur and NAFTA; it is, perhaps, nations? Or should we search for alternative models in exactly at this level that globalization is best dealt with. which other actors, such as regional organizations, can play This may seem surprising, as at first sight it could only a role? The fact is that regional integration is becoming a be the United Nations who, as a global institution, offers a major geopolitical process. After the Second World War, a political answer to globalization. After all, the United first wave of regionalization focused on trade and payments Nations was founded in 1945 in an attempt to create a liberalization between neighbouring countries in order to multilateral world forum where sovereign states can clear up spur inter-country transactions. The current wave of differing opinions, and where common actions about peace regionalism is different, as it is increasingly no longer about and development can be stimulated. Today, however, the trade only, but also about security and regional public goods world is dramatically different from that of the post-World (such as managing water basins, infrastructure, energy and War II period in which the United Nations was founded. the environment). First of all, the geopolitical stability of that system In addition, Europe has managed to develop a model of disappeared with the end of the cold war. Secondly, a lot integration that incorporates political elements in a deep more countries are now members of the United Nations than economic integration. Indeed, what is happening in the used to be the case (from the original 51 members, the (Continued on page 4)

A UNU Public Affairs newsletter providing connexions to the work of the University

1 EU-UNU forum considers plight of “Children in Turmoil”

he UN Convention on the T Rights of the Child (1989) provides an international legal framework for the care and protection of children and their participation in society. This convention defining the fundamental rights of children encapsulates an extraordinary consensus by governments on this subject. A special session of the UN General Assembly in 2002 Ms. Glenys Kinnock Ms. Tetsuko Kuroyanagi Mr. Lloyd Axworthy on the status of children, however, highlighted the reality that Insecurity,” was held at UN House in the conference were political leaders, the young remain vulnerable to Tokyo as the third event of the EU- academics, UN officials and poverty, greed, crime, disease and UNU Tokyo Global Forum series. representatives of non-governmental exploitation. Conference discussions focused organizations. Conference speakers On Thursday, 16 January 2003, particularly on the topics of abuse and included Tetsuko Kuroyanagi UNU and the Delegation of the exploitation of children, working (UNICEF Ambassador for Goodwill), European Commission in Japan Ð in children and children in conflict, and Lloyd Axworthy (former Foreign cooperation with UNICEF and the deprivation, health and education. Minister of Canada), Nobuto Hosaka Japan Committee for UNICEF, and The objective of the conference and Seiko Noda (members of the supported by the Ministry of Foreign was to mobilize the private and public House of Representatives, Japan), Affairs of Japan and the Asahi sectors to contribute to the fullest Glenys Kinnock (member of the Shimbun Ð organized a high-level implementation of the UN Convention European Parliament), Shada Islam international conference on issues by sending a strong message Ð to (correspondent, Far Eastern related to human rights and the rights politicians as well as to economic Economic Review) and Marta Santos of the child. This conference, actors Ð that the rights and well-being Pais (Director, UNICEF Innocenti “Children in Turmoil: Rights of the of children must be fully integrated Research Centre). Child in the Midst of Human into all policy formulation. Attending

Seminar discusses “The Responsibility to Protect”

ver the past decade, as the Sovereignty (ICISS) in September community to protect civilians. It O world has witnessed a tide of 2000. In December 2001, this brought together policy makers, civil conflict, war crimes, commission formally presented its academics, analysts and practitioners humanitarian crises and, most report on The Responsibility to involved in areas of international recently, the deadly rise of terrorism, Protect to the UN community. UN peace and security, conflict prevention the principle that state sovereignty Secretary-General Kofi Annan and human rights. involves a responsibility to ensure included this report at the Security Seminar speakers included Gareth justice and personal security for Council’s annual private retreat in Evans (Co-Chair of the ICISS, individuals has gained increasingly May 2002, and follow-up efforts to President and Chief Executive of the broad international recognition. So, this initiative were organized at the International Crisis Group, and former too, has the notion that when states are UN and by governments, non- Foreign Minister of Australia), unable or unwilling to exercise this governmental organizations and Ramesh Thakur (Vice-Rector of UNU responsibility, this role must be experts around the world. and ICISS Commissioner), Marie assumed by the community of states, On Monday, 16 December 2002, Gervais-Vidricaire (Director General, since threats to social stability and UNU and the Canadian Embassy in Global Issues Bureau of the human security can extend far beyond Japan hosted a half-day seminar on Department of Foreign Affairs and state borders. “The Responsibility to Protect” at UN International Trade, Canada), Yoichi In an effort to advance the House in Tokyo. This seminar was Otabe (Deputy Director General, collective security debate and revisit one of the first national-level efforts to Foreign Policy Bureau of the Ministry the challenges of “humanitarian broaden public awareness and of Foreign Affairs, Japan) and John intervention,” Canada established the engagement in building a greater McCarthy (Australian Ambassador to independent International global consensus on the responsibility Japan and former Australian Commission on Intervention and State of states and the international Ambassador to Indonesia).

2 UNU, OIC hold international symposium on Islam

to deepen mutual understanding of Professor Moustapha Cisse, Honorary Islam and other religions, and to Ambassador of the Republic of promote stronger relations of Senegal. Panelists discussed their friendship and cooperation between insights and views on exchange and Japan and the Muslim world. The interaction between the Muslim world proceedings opened with remarks by and other countries, focusing in Rachad Farah, Ambassador of the particular on past and present Republic of Djibouti and Dean of the channels of exchange between Ambassadors of the OIC member Muslim countries and Japan, and on countries. The symposium’s keynote issues of philosophy and values speaker was Dr. Mahathir bin common to both cultural spheres. Mohamad, Prime Minister of The symposium was supported by Malaysia (photo). The keynote the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of address was followed by a 90-minute Japan and the Japan Ruling Parties panel discussion coordinated by Parliamentary League for Islam.

n 13 December 2002, UNU O hosted an international symposium on “Islam: Fostering Peace and Dialogue in an Interdependent World.” This symposium, held in the U Thant International Conference Hall at UN House in Tokyo, was jointly organized by UNU and the Ambassadors to Japan of the member countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). The intent of the symposium was

International experts discuss global integration of environmental assessments

n the wake of the World Summit on development, and mechanisms for undertaken to integrate various I Sustainable Development (WSSD) implementation. modeling systems served as a starting in Johannesburg last year, nations and The symposium was attended by point for further discussion. institutions worldwide are experts from the United Nations The symposium also marked the accelerating their actions towards Development Programme (UNDP), formal launch of the Forum for sustainability. Central to this dialogue National Institute for Public Health Globally-Integrated Environmental on achieving sustainable development and the Environment (RIVM, the Assessment Modeling (the GLEAM are global assessments of Netherlands), UNU Institute of Forum), a joint initiative by UNU and environmental resources and services. Advanced Studies (UNU/IAS), RIVM. The main purpose of the It is within this context that National Institute for Environmental GLEAM Forum is to develop a environmental experts met in an Studies (NIES, Japan), UNU and periodic exchange platform for international symposium at UNU in other organizations. Discussions discussions and brainstorming on the Tokyo on 17 January 2003 to discuss provided perspectives on the issue of globally integrated approaches for global and thematic challenges that are faced in integrating environmental assessment, notably integration of environmental environmental assessments, a key model-supported assessment. The assessments. Successful strategies for element of which is linking forum will include multidisciplinary global integration of assessments must environmental sustainability to workshops for problem-solving, link the environmental, social, poverty reduction and economic client-based projects, peer reviews economic and institutional domains of development. This issue was and an electronic newsletter. sustainable development Ð domains discussed in view of the ongoing More information about the that relate, respectively, to the health poverty reduction programmes in GLEAM Forum is available on the of ecosystems, human vulnerability Asia, which provide numerous lessons UNU website at and poverty reduction, economic for global dialogue. The work already http://www.unu.edu/env/GLEAM/.

3 (Continued from page 1) policy level. Global governance dimension of the composition of the European Union is innovative, and it structures may not operate so readily Security Council. Thus, it should be has led to a complex multi-level to reflect the interests of individual possible to create, within the United governance system with deep countries, while national-level and Nations, a forum in which world cooperation between states, a UN-level (global) responses may be regions engage in inter-regional devolution of power within states and ineffective. But if the answer is dialogue and where responses to a strong international legal regionalism, then a mechanism needs globalization can be agreed upon on a framework. This has created a to be found that enables small collective basis, and hence can be political model, often called “the new countries Ð developing countries as executed at the level of each of the regionalism,” that challenges well as “superpowers” – to exercise regions separately. This, however, is assumptions about governance all equal weight in decision-making not possible without a profound over the world. processes. Belgian Prime Minister rearrangement of the present existing Of course, European integration Verhofstadt recently formulated a blocs within the United Nations. cannot be seen as the “model” for the proposal for such a mechanism: his My proposal, thus, is to think rest of the world. But the underlying idea is to convert the G8 into a about a system in which the existing idea of multi-dimensional regional “network of the big regional regional actors, such as the European integration that implies cooperation continental organizations.” In that Union, become the building stones of along a number of different framework, Verhofstadt is thinking a United Nations forum. This entirely dimensions, such as culture, politics, about a club of regional groupings, corresponds with what has been said security, economics and diplomacy, such as the European Union, in the still very worthwhile report deserves to be taken seriously in all Mercosur, ASEAN, etc. In such a “Our Global Neighbourhood” of the political and economic efforts to club, the African Union could have United Nations Commission on achieve stability and prosperity in a the same weight as, for example, Global Governance Ð namely, that the given region. It is also clear that the NAFTA. And each regional grouping challenge for the development of a new regionalism has consequences for should act as a forum to balance small good working system of “global multilateralism. The European Union and big countries’ interests. As one governance” consists in enforcing has “only” observer status at the UN, can imagine, there are lots of critical each other’s global and macro- but meanwhile it is party to over 50 and practical objections to such a regional regulations: multilateral agreements concluded proposal, such as: Who is going to “Decentralization, delegation and co- under its auspices! stipulate who can become member of operation with regional organs can Right from its origins, the UN has what club? Will the small countries lighten the burden of global struggled with the question of what within each of these regional organizations, while generating a place supranational regional groupings have enough say? Will any deeper sense of participation in a organizations should and could take in alliances be created that again contain common effort.” achieving the UN goals. On the one the classical North-South In order to reach an efficient hand, there is the position that contradictions? forum where responses to regionalism blocks the necessary However, the idea of Verhofstadt globalization can be formulated within global and universal approach needed deserves to be taken seriously, as it the context of a strategic pursuit of the to solve the global problems of today. corresponds to the reality of today Ð millennium goals, a “global On the other hand, there is the namely, that regional organizations governance” system needs to coexist position that regionalism can serve in are becoming more and more with a mechanism of financial and realizing the overall UN goals. In my important. But, in my opinion, it is the economic support to develop a global view, the latter position is indeed the United Nations rather than the G8 that public goods policy. My second one to be defended if one believes that should become the forum in which the proposal, hence, is to create a regional multilateralism has to be the main world regions can enter into dialogue integration fund at the level of the organizing principle of the world with one another. As a matter of fact, United Nations. Such an integration order. New regionalism can play a this is already foreseen in chapter VIII fund can be conceived as an major role in providing the necessary of the United Nations Charter, instrument to facilitate the integration legitimacy for multilateralism, as it is wherein it is mentioned that there is a of small and poorly developed a mechanism that (i) allows small possibility to work with regional economies in an economic space at a countries to have a voice next to large arrangements or agencies within the regional level. This is not a new idea; countries and (ii) allows poor United Nations. it is similar to the so-called structural countries to integrate more easily in Today, regions do play a role funds already used to guide European the world economy. Also, regionalism within the UN system at different integration (cfr. the Structural and can be a way of harnessing the larger levels. First, there are the regional Cohesion Funds). Such regional countries (superpowers) to recognize groupings and caucuses that function integration funds could act as their responsibility in playing a within the UN (as institutionalized by instruments of solidarity, facilitating constructive role in their region. the Charter). Secondly, there are the emergence of a more stable Regionalism does not necessarily economic regional substructures set regional organization of the world contradict the universalistic position up by the UN. Thirdly, there are non- economy. of the United Nations. It may be UN regional organizations that have This brings me to my third considered, rather, as an attempt to obtained observer status within the proposal. The worldwide movement “channel” globalization at an optimal UN. And, finally, there is the regional towards more regional cooperation 4 Forum draws curtain on “International Year of Mountains 2002”

n Tuesday, 8 April, a public forum was Sir O forum on “The Future of Edmund Hillary, Mountains” was held at UN House in Chairman of the Tokyo. This forum, the final event in Himalayan Trust observance of the International Year (photo), who took of Mountains 2002 (IYM2002) in part in a panel Japan, was co-organized by UNU and discussion via a the IYM2002 Japan National live video linkage Committee, with support from The from his Yomiuri Shimbun, Rolex Japan, The hometown of Green Fund, the University of Auckland, New Auckland and the New Zealand Zealand. On 29 Embassy. May 1953, with Mountains are precious sources of Tenzing Norgay, freshwater and other natural, cultural Sir Edmund made and recreational resources. However, the first successful many mountain ecosystems face ascent of Mt. severe pressures from human Everest. He subsequently led Shirakawa gave a presentation on population growth, expanding numerous scientific and “Environment and Peace of economic development activities and mountaineering expeditions in the Mountains through the Lens.” Mr. environmental pollution. The year Himalayas, and has long been Shirakawa has photographed 2002 had been designated as the working to improve the lives of the mountains in 137 countries, held over International Year of Mountains by people of the high mountains and to 100 exhibitions and published a the United Nations to focus attention conserve our precious mountain number of photographic books. Other on the critical need for sustainable environments. Joining Sir Edmund in forum speakers included Ambassador mountain development. The objective the panel discussion on “Everest and Phillip Gibson of New Zealand; Prof. of the forum was to reflect upon the Beyond: the Future of Mountains” Masatoshi Yoshino, Special Adviser accomplishments of IYM2002 as well were mountaineer Junko Tabei and to the IYM2002 Japan National as to promote further actions and Atsushi Yamada of the University of Committee and UNU; and UNU research to contribute to a better Tokyo. Rector Hans van Ginkel. future for humans and for mountains. Following the panel discussion, A featured participant in the alpine photographer Yoshikazu

and integration may not be restricted ¥ contribute to the creation of an Regional integration can, in my to merely economic integration but appropriate enabling environment opinion, make a significant needs to contain enough political for private sector development; contribution to realizing the integration. As recently argued by ¥ strengthen trade integration in the challenges of globalization, while at Professor D. Rodrik (Harvard region; the same time helping to overcome the University), economic growth is in the ¥ develop strong public sector problems raised by the processes of first instance dependent on well- institutions and good governance; worldwide integration. The much- functioning institutions that ¥ reduce social exclusion and foster needed regulatory framework for accompany free trade and secure an an inclusive civil society; globalization could be best situated at efficient functioning of society as a ¥ develop infrastructure the regional level. But, as emphasized whole. New Regionalism is about programmes in support of in the above proposals, it should be such institution-building at the level economic growth and regional situated within the framework of the of regions, and it is my belief that integration; United Nations, as an instrument of such regional integration can be ¥ build environment programmes at legitimizing multilateralism. simultaneously a “building block” the regional level; and For this, we urgently need new towards a worldwide-globalized open ¥ strengthen the region’s interaction ideas on regulatory frameworks for economy as well as a “dike” that with other regions in the world. globalization and on the UN’s protects countries from the negative It should also be noted that New possible and potential role in shaping aspects of globalization. Regionalism has a lot of potential and reforming global governance. One But, for this to happen, any benefits for developing countries. Not line of thinking could focus on how an regional integration initiative needs to only can it contribute to a smooth and organization such as the United prove its “added value” by taking into gradual integration in the world Nations can adapt its procedures in account at least the following eight economy and strengthen their position order to enable an increased issues. It should: in WTO, it also provides a framework participation of regional ¥ contribute to peace and security in for public investments at a regional organizations. the region; scale. 5 UNU hosts lecture by President of Botswana

n Tuesday, 18 March 2003, Botswana’s success and the nation’s O UNU hosted a public lecture by continuing challenges, including geo- Mr. Festus G. Mogae, President of the political and environmental factors, Republic of Botswana (photo). The human resource development and lecture, held at UN House in Tokyo, health, and other critical development was co-organized by UNU, the issues. He also addressed Africa’s Embassy of the Republic of Botswana priorities and constraints. and the Japan Institute of International An important sub-theme of Affairs, and supported by the Ministry President Mogae’s address was of Foreign Affairs of Japan. “Diamonds for Development” – both The topic of President Mogae’s the critical role that diamonds have talk was “Botswana’s Success Story: played in Botswana’s development, Overcoming the Challenges of and the “Kimberley Process” to rid the served his country in a number of key Development.” The aim of the lecture world of so-called “conflict positions, including positions with the was to enhance public awareness in diamonds” and secure the interests of International Monetary Fund and Japan about the development legitimate diamond exporters such as Bank of Botswana as well as various experience of Botswana, which is Botswana, which is the world’s government posts. He became the internationally acknowledged as a number one producer (by value) of third President of the Republic of model country for democracy, good gem diamonds. Botswana in 1998 and is one of the 15 governance and prudent economic President Mogae trained as an African Presidents on the New management. President Mogae economist at the Universities of Partnership for African Development discussed the factors underlying Oxford and Sussex in the UK and has (NEPAD) Committee.

UNU Inter-linkages Initiative steadily moves forward

he UNU Inter-linkages Initiative, on integrated capacity building in capacity building in the Asia-Pacific T a project under the Environment South East Asia, and produced a set of together with key regional and and Sustainable Development recommendations that were adopted at international organizations Ð ASEAN Programme of the UNU Centre, is the ASEAN Working Group on Secretariat, Institute for Global progressing with a series of targeted MEAs (Multilateral Environmental Environmental Studies (IGES), activities in 2003. Building upon the Agreements), which met immediately UNDP-Capacity 2015, UNDP-Global Johannesburg World Summit on after the workshop. Environment Facility (GEF), United Sustainable Development (WSSD) In April 2003, UNU finalized the Nations Environment Programme outcomes, the Inter-linkages Initiative report of its case study in Papua New (UNEP), United Nations Institute for seeks to develop cohesive responses Guinea (PNG), which outlines Training and Research (UNITAR) and to linked environmental problems, findings and recommendations of a South Pacific Regional Environment especially in the areas of capacity study undertaken together with the Program (SPREP) Ð to explore ways development, information and PNG Government. United Nations of coordination and collaboration at knowledge management, and Development Programme/PNG is also the regional and national levels. national/regional support mechanisms. paving the way for a Pacific regional Discussions are currently underway to On 21 January 2003, the initiative workshop, slated for late 2003. determine concrete activities for organized a public forum on “Inter- Following this, a training course collaboration. linkages and Environmental was organized on 5 May at the 11th In July, by invitation of the Governance,” in cooperation with session of the United Nations Bhutanese government, UNU national and regional organizations Commission on Sustainable undertook its 15th national inter- from Asia and the Pacific. The forum Development (UNCSD) in New York, linkages case study on the presented and discussed results and as part of the CSD learning centre. management of multilateral future follow-up activities derived The session centred on how inter- environmental agreements. After from national and regional case linkages can contribute to the having covered the 10 ASEAN studies on environmental governance implementation of the WSSD Plan of member countries and 4 nations in the that were undertaken in 14 nations in Action. It presented both challenges Pacific, Bhutan is the first South- Asia and the Pacific by UNU and its and good practices through practical Asian country studied by the partners in 2001 and 2002. The forum examples of integrated management Initiative. UNU intends to expand its was followed by a regional workshop and capacity development from Asia work further to this region in the in Kuala Lumpur, 24 to 26 March and the Pacific, given by both experts coming months. 2003. The workshop, co-organized from the UNU and practitioners from More information on the case with the Association of South East the ASEAN and Pacific regions. studies, recent activities and the Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat In June 2003, the UNU also initiative in general are available and other regional partners, focused initiated a partnership on integrated online at: http://www.geic.or.jp/.

6 Prof. Ahmed Zewail gives 5th “U Thant Distinguished Lecture”

rofessor Ahmed H. Zewail world. In this home country of Egypt, population of have-nots. P (photo), 1999 Nobel Prize winner he received the Grand Collar of the Prof. Zewail’s lecture was jointly in Chemistry, delivered the 5th “U Nile, the highest state honour. In organized by UNU, the UNU Institute Thant Distinguished Lecture” on 1999, he was awarded a Nobel Prize of Advanced Studies (UNU/IAS) and Tuesday, 15 April 2003, at UN House for his groundbreaking work in the the Science Council of Japan. in Tokyo. Professor Zewail discussed development of the new field of The U Thant Distinguished his views on “The Future of Our femtoscience, making it possible to Lecture series is a forum through World.” observe the movement of individual which leading thinkers speak on the Prof. Zewail holds more than 100 atoms in a femtosecond (a millionth of role of the United Nations in Prizes and Awards, Orders of Merit, a billionth of a second). This addressing the challenges facing the and Orders of State from around the development, which literally changed world in the twenty-first century. our view of matter, holds great Previous speakers in this lecture series promise in the areas of high have been Dr. Mahathir bin technology and life sciences. Mohamad, Prime Minister of Professor Zewail is currently the Malaysia; Mr. Thabo Mbeki, Linus Pauling Chair Professor of President of the Republic of South Chemistry and Professor of Physics Africa; Mr. William J. Clinton, former and the Director of the Laboratory for President of the United States of Molecular Sciences at the California America, and Dr. Norman Borlaug, Institute of Technology (Caltech), 1970 Nobel Peace Prize winner and Pasadena, California. Besides writing Father of the Green Revolution. on various scientific subjects, he has For more information about the U been giving lectures around the world Thant Distunguished Lecture Series on his vision of a new world order, and its speakers, see which provides concrete courses of http://www.unu.edu/uthant_lectures/in action to benefit the growing dex.htm on the UNU website.

UNU/WIDER conference focuses on regional economic disparities in Asia

n countries such as China, Russia the world met at UNU in Tokyo to 28 March focused on “Spatial I and India, as well as in most discuss the rising income inequalities Inequality in China,” “Inequality and developing and transition economies, and spatial disparities in Asia, and Conflict,” “Poverty and Inequality in there is a sense that spatial and their impacts on human well-being India” and “Poverty in Asia.” Sessions regional inequalities (of economic and security. This “Spatial on 29 March considered “Location activity, incomes and social Inequalities in Asia” conference, and Migration,” “Trade and indicators) are sharply increasing. organized by the UNU World Institute Inequality,” “Spatial Inequality in Such disparities take on added for Development Economics Asia” and “Spatial Inequality in the significance when they align with (UNU/WIDER), was one of a series Former Soviet Union.” political and ethnic tensions to of conferences focusing on regional The conference featured a public undermine social and political disparities in human development. lecture by Professor Ravi Kanbur of stability. There is also a general The objective of the conference Cornell University, a former World perception that growing internal was to address issues of spatial Bank senior official and co-director of spatial inequality is related to inequality as they relate to the Asian the UNU/WIDER spatial inequality globalization and the greater openness experience. The conference provided study. Prof. Kanbar provided a of economies. a venue at which experts from around comprehensive review of the Yet, despite such concerns, there the world could interact with the relationship between spatial inequality has been little systematic, coherent Asian academic and policy and economic development. research conducted on changes in communities. Participants analyzed UNU/WIDER has been in the spatial and regional inequality over and discussed spatial inequality in forefront of inequality research, and the past decade or two. As a result, Asia and its determinants, including maintains a comprehensive World our understanding of the determinants the distribution of such variables as Income Inequality Database with data of spatial disparities in today’s economic activity, economic from 151 countries. This database is globalizing world remains structure, population, income, social available online at insufficient. indicators, infrastructure and public http://www.wider.unu.edu. On 28 and 29 March, over thirty expenditure. economists and experts from around Individual conference sessions on

7 Global Virtual University goes online

quality audio-visual learning materials with face-to-face support,” said UNU Rector Hans van Ginkel. “Using Internet broadcasting and stimulating, at the same time, intense human interaction, the GVU aims to be the learning institution for a sustainable future with a worldwide reach.” The GVU will offer education for the common future, providing scientific knowledge to support prudent management of the environment and helping to map out national and regional pathways to sustainable development. It will help to increase people’s sensitivity to and involvement in finding he Global Virtual University web course, concept description and solutions for environmental and T (GVU), an online university for background reports. The GVU is development problems, develop sustainable development, is the latest being implemented by a core expertise to understand the potential addition to UNU’s international partnership between UNEP/GRID- and limits of the environment, and learning. The GVU was officially Arendal, Agder University College foster ethical awareness, values and launched in September 2002 at the and UNU. These partners will work attitudes. Courseware is being World Summit on Sustainable together to establish an international developed by a collaborative, global Development in Johannesburg, where network of cooperating universities network of academic institutions, and the Norwegian Government, UNU with UNEP/GRID-Arendal in Norway the online studies will focus on the and United Nations Environment acting as host. needs of developing countries. Programme (UNEP) pledged their “The GVU is a major pilot project More information about the support. that shows how we can reach out Global Virtual network is available Targeting the educational needs across the world in practice, and how online at http://www.gvu.unu.edu/. of the developing world, GVU went we can present the best knowledge in online on 21 January with a first-draft an optimal combination of the high-

UNU launches Media Studio

n Monday, 31 March 2003, support for multicast networking, real- disseminate video materials with O UNU launched a new Media time and post non-linear video editing, information on the state of the Studio at UN House in Tokyo. The and video-over-IP. It is envisaged that environment in different parts of the Media Studio, jointly established by it will eventually provide a full range world. Whenever possible, events UNU, Keio University, the LEAD of services, including IP/Internet from UNU in Tokyo will be broadcast Japan Programme and Cisco Systems broadcasting, video-on-demand, real- on the Internet via the Media Studio. K.K., functions as a node in a global time streaming, e-learning and A reception to mark the launch of network designed to raise public interactive communication on various the Media Studio was held on 31 awareness and disseminate research broadband infrastructure. The March. The event featured speeches findings on pressing global issues. It collaborating partners will also by UNU Rector Hans van Ginkel, supports online learning activities undertake research activities in the Professor Kimio Uno of Keio implemented by UNU and its partners, Media Studio to explore the potential University, and Mr. Toshihiko and provides access to the next for developing next-generation Yamato, Director of Cisco Systems generation of broadcasting for a broadcasting technology that would K.K. A demonstration illustrated the network of universities in the Asia- enable highly scalable video use of Video-over-IP technologies, Pacific region and across the globe. streaming of live, project-based with support from Cisco Systems The Media Studio includes a materials, thus permitting researchers K.K., MEMEX and Kyoshin number of advanced elements, such as in the field, for example, to Technosonic.

8 Norwegian Prime Minister gives 2003 “Nansen Memorial Lecture”

n 27 May, UNU, in cooperation Following O with the Royal Norwegian Prime Minister Embassy and the Japanese Ministry of Bondevik’s Foreign Affairs, hosted the 2003 lecture, Mr. Fridtjof Nansen Memorial Lecture. Yasushi The lecturer was Kjell Magne Akashi, Bondevik (photo), Prime Minister of Representative Norway, who spoke on the topic of of the “Challenges for Peace and Government of Reconciliation in the 21st Century.” Japan on Peace- Prime Minister Bondevik has Building, been heading his second cabinet since Rehabilitation 2001, having previously served as and Prime Minister of Norway from Reconstruction 1997Ð2000. He has been a member of in Sri Lanka the Storting (Parliament) since 1973, and former and has served as Minister of Church United Nations and Education, Deputy Prime Minister Under- and Minister of Foreign Affairs as Secretary- well as being a member of the General for Storting’s standing committee on Humanitarian defence affairs and standing Affairs, spoke committee of foreign affairs. briefly about In his talk, Prime Minister the conflicts and tensions Ð with explorer, scientist, humanist and Bondevik focused on Norway’s role ethnic, cultural or religious Nobel laureate Fridjtof Nansen and position in peace and undertones, and exacerbated by (1861Ð1930). Nansen, who undertook reconciliation efforts, and in “globalization” – that have beset the several expeditions to the Arctic, promoting human rights and world in the past decade. In the served as Norwegian Delegate to the democracy in many parts of the world. endeavour to peacefully mediate and League of Nations and as Rector of St. He emphasized the importance of the settle such disputes, he said, Norway Andrew’s University in Scotland. In UN and multilateral cooperation, and and Japan have much to contribute. 1922, he was awarded the Nobel also discussed Norwegian-Japanese The Fridtjof Nansen Memorial Peace Prize for his achievements as experiences in Afghanistan and Sri Lecture is held annually in a number High Commissioner for Refugees of Lanka and the continuing cooperation of capitals around the world to the League of Nations. between Norway and Japan. commemorate the life of Norwegian

“Kids’ ISO 14000 Programme” holds award ceremony

he “Kids’ ISO 14000 Programme” preserve the environment. On 30 November 2002, the T is organized and operated through The number of the children who second International Certificate the initiative of Tokyo-based NGO have taken the two-week introductory Award Ceremony was held at UN ArTech (International Arts & level of this programme has exceeded House in Tokyo, supported by the Technology Cooperation 40,000 in Japan, with many of them Ministry of Education, Culture, Organization) and supported by UNU, proceeding on to the primary level of Sciences and Sports, the Ministry of the UN Environment Programme and the programme. When a child Environment and Tokyo Metropolitan ISO (a network of national standards completes the programme’s primary Government. At this ceremony, 174 institutes from 145 countries). Started level, which consists of 2 months’ children received the certificates, and in 2000 in Japan, the “Kid’s work on household environmental the top performer received the Tokyo ISO14000 Programme” – previously management in cooperation with an Metropolitan Governor’s Award. known as the “Kids EMS adult family member, he or she Results and future plans of the (Environmental Management System) receives an international certificate “Kids’ ISO 14000 Programme” were Programme” – has spread around the from the international committee of presented at the 3rd World Water world. The aims of the programme are ArTech. Typical primary-level Forum in Kyoto in March 2003 and to foster environmental awareness, activities are saving energy (by also at the ISO Conference on train children in proper environmental reducing household consumption of Networking in Ottawa, Canada, in management, and create an gas and electricity), eliminating May. international network through which unnecessary water usage and reducing children can work together to help quantities of household trash.

9 UNU, ADC host Africa Day symposium

n Tuesday, 13 May, UNU and was on ways to strengthen the link O the African Diplomatic Corps in between the three concepts of Japan (ADC) co-hosted the 2003 infrastructures, integration and Africa Day Symposium. The theme of development. “Infrastructures” is a the symposium, held at UN House in broad concept that encompasses Tokyo, was “The Role of both physical structures (such as Infrastructure in the Development and railways, roads and buildings) and Integration of Africa.” social infrastructures (such as The symposium’s keynote education, health and governance speaker was President Abdoulaye systems). The 2003 Africa Day Wade of Senegal (photo). Other Symposium highlighted the speakers included Torao Tokuda importance of both of these types of (House of Representatives, Japan), infrastructures in achieving Shunji Yanai (professor, Chuo development goals. University), and representatives of G8 The 2003 Africa Day and the Government of Japan. Abdou Symposium provided input for the G8 2003. Aziz Sow (Minister in Charge of Summit being held in Evian, France, Building on the successes of the NEPAD, Senegal) chaired a panel in June 2003, as well as for the Third previous Africa Day Symposiums in discussion on the topic of financing Tokyo International Conference on Tokyo, the ADC and UNU have infrastructure projects. African Development (TICAD III), agreed to establish the Africa Day The focus of 2003 Africa Day scheduled for September/October Symposium as an annual event.

Symposium looks at public participation in international watershed management

lean water, so essential to human Charlottesville, Virginia, UNU joined involvement in international C survival, is becoming with six other institutions Ð the watershed management. They increasingly scarce. Yet despite the Environmental Law Institute, examined conditions that can facilitate pressures on this crucial resource, America’s Clean Water Foundation, or hinder public involvement as well people often have little or no the United Nations Environment as contextual factors that could limit opportunity to participate in watershed Programme, the US Department of transference of experiences from one decisions that affect them, particularly State, the University of Virginia watershed to another. Symposium when they live along international School of Law and the US sessions focused specifically on: watercourses. Environmental Protection Agency Ð to ¥ the role of public participation in The United Nations recently convene a symposium on “Improving decision-making; identified rising demand for water as Public Participation and Governance ¥ specific tools for facilitating one of four major factors that will in International Watershed access to information and public threaten human and ecological health Management.” This symposium participation in international for at least a generation. Over the brought together water managers, watercourse management; coming decade, governments international lawyers, government ¥ public involvement in throughout the world will struggle to officials, and other experts from international financial institutions; manage water in ways that are around the world to discuss successful ¥ public involvement in efficient, equitable and mechanisms for ensuring: international watercourses; environmentally sound. Whether these ¥ that people have access to ¥ public involvement in trans- efforts succeed may depend, in large information about watercourses boundary watercourses in Africa; part, on providing the public with a and factors that could impact and voice in watershed management them; ¥ experiences in managing sub- decisions that directly affect them. ¥ that those who may be affected national watersheds. The crisis is especially acute in have the opportunity to participate There was also a special technical international water basins, where in decisions regarding the session on “Tools for a Virtual environmental, social and political watercourse; and Community.” problems are mounting due to the ¥ that the public can seek redress The symposium was one of the increasing pressures of economic when they are affected by components of the UNU Centre development and competition for activities in an international initiative on International River and scarce resources. Worldwide, there are watercourse. Lakes Basins Management. For more more than 200 transboundary water More than 100 participants from information on this initiative, see systems, including most of the world’s five continents sought to identify http://www.unu.edu/env/water/ greatest freshwater bodies. successful mechanisms, approaches transboundary-water.html. On 18 and 19 April, in and practices for promoting public

10 3rd World Water Forum sees 100 new commitments

he 3rd World Water Forum said, agreed that “community level session on “Water, Education and T (WWF3), regarded as the most public participation is fundamental to Capacity Building.” Zafar Adeel, important international water meeting achieving” water-related goals, and Academic Programme Officer of the ever, was held in three neighbouring that the “common basic requirement UNU Environment and Sustainable Japanese prefectures (Kyoto, Shiga for water is an opportunity for Development Programme, also and Osaka) from 16Ð23 March. UNU cooperation and peace.” delivered a lecture during that session. played a key role at WWF3 and was More than 100 commitments were UNU Press was present at the forum involved in organizing a number of reached during the forum. Of these, with a display of its publications. sessions at the forum. more than 20 were related to climate For more information on UNU’s Some 24,000 participants from while 13 pertained to gender issues. participation in the 3rd World Water 182 countries attended the eight-day Experts from UNU’s Forum and other UNU and forum, which comprised 351 separate Environment and Sustainable UNU/INWEH water projects, see sessions on 38 interlocking themes Development Programme and the http://www.unu.edu/wwf/index.htm. dealing with water. The key issues UNU International Network on Water, addressed at the forum revolved Environment and Health around how to balance increasing (UNU/INWEH) led and participated UNU hosts Junior human requirements for adequate in numerous discussions. UNU Rector United Nation water supplies and improved health Hans van Ginkel spoke at the UNU- Eco-Workshop and sanitation with food production, organized session on “Technological transportation, energy and and Policy Dimensions of Arsenic n 23Ð24 November, UNU hosted environmental needs, at a time when Contamination in the Asia Region,” O the Junior United Nations Eco- many countries require more effective and chaired the opening plenary Workshop International Conference governance, improved capacity and session on March 18, which was 2002 at UN House in Tokyo. The aim adequate financing. designated “Asia and Pacific Day.” of this two-day educational workshop, According to William J. The Rector also delivered the keynote sponsored by the Association for the Cosgrove, Vice President of the lecture in a session devoted to Promotion of the Junior United World Water Council (one of the main “Emerging Water Issues at the Nations Eco-Workshop and co- conveners of the triennial World Beginning of the Third Millennium.” sponsored by the UNU, was to prepare Water Forums), WWF3 “was a unique UNU/INWEH Director Ralph the youth of today to better deal with opportunity to form partnerships, join Daley delivered a keynote address on the environmental challenges that will networks and learn from the “Integrated, Demand-Responsive face their generation tomorrow by experience of others.” Participants, he Capacity Development” during a providing them with an opportunity to consider environmental problems at both global and personal levels, and to Seminar at UNU marks EU’s fifth encourage them to think creatively enlargement about how we can resolve our environmental problems. n Thursday, 10 April, UNU and enlargement process and a panel Speakers at the Junior United O the Presidency of the European discussion participated in by the Nations Eco-Workshop included Union (EU) jointly hosted a public Tokyo-based ambassadors of the environmental cartoonist Prof. Hiroshi seminar to mark the impending acceding countries to the EU. A Takatsuki (Kyoto University), who enlargement of the European Union reception was held immediately discussed waste and pollution issues; from 15 to 25 member states. The following the seminar. naturalist Mr. Kevin Short, who talked seminar, entitled “The European The formal signing ceremony of about nature preservation; and Prof. Union Fifth Enlargement: The New the Accession Treaty was held in Hideki Nakahara (Musashi Institute of Challenge of the Unification Process,” Athens, Greece, on 16 April. The 10 Technology), who discussed was held in the U Thant International nations joining the EU are Cyprus, the sustainable consumption. A lively Conference Hall of the UN House in Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, dialogue ensued between the speakers Tokyo. Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, and participants (age 12 to 18) in The seminar included addresses Slovakia and Slovenia. This fifth question and answer sessions and by UNU Rector Prof. Hans van enlargement is the EU’s biggest roundtable discussions. On the Ginkel, Ambassador Kyriakos expansion ever in terms of scope and afternoon of the first day, participants Rodoussakis (Greece, current holder diversity, and represents a historic divided into small working groups, of the EU Presidency), Ambassador opportunity to unite Europe peacefully facilitated by young environmental Bernhard Zepter (Head of the EU after generations of division and leaders from various NGOs and Commission Delegation) and conflict as well as to consolidate the international organizations, to Ambassador Gabriele Menegatti, recent political and economic consider the key issues in greater (Italy, next holder of the EU transition that has taken place in depth. Group activities included Presidency). Also featured at the Central and Eastern Europe. informal discussion, debate, role- seminar were a short film on the EU playing and brainstorming. 11 Award ceremony held for UNU-Kirin Fellows

Tateo Suzuki. Each Fellow received a certificate of completion and a commemorative gift. The event closed with a brief introduction of the five 2003Ð2004 Kirin Fellows (from China, India (2), Thailand and Viet Nam), who began their training at NFRI on 1 April. The UNU-Kirin Fellowship Programme has been operating since April 1993 with annual contributions from Japan’s Kirin Brewery Company. The Fellowships enable five top scientists from developing n Friday, 4 April 2003, five UNU-Kirin Fellows Ð Dr. Sunita countries in Asia to come to Japan O UNU-Kirin Fellows who Grover and Dr. Kodthalu each year for a full year of research completed a year-long training Seetharamaiah Shivashankara (India), and training in the latest techniques of programme in advanced food science Ms. Guan Guohua (China), Ms. food science and technology at NFRI. and technology at Japan’s National Apinya Chudhangkura (Thailand), and An effective and innovative feature of Food Research Institute (NFRI) in Ms. Odbayar Tsiei-Oidov (Mongolia) the Kirin sponsorship is that it also Tsukuba were presented with Ð gave a summary of their research provides financial support to the home certificates of completion. The award results. Their presentations were institutions of the UNU-Kirin ceremony and presentation of research followed by the award ceremony, Fellows, thereby enabling them to results was held in the Elizabeth Rose which featured congratulatory continue their research and teach their Conference Hall at UN House in remarks by UNU Rector Hans van fellow countrymen when they return Tokyo. Ginkel, President Koichiro Aramaki home. The goal of the programme is The event included a presentation of Kirin Brewery Company Ltd., and to build up the capacity of food session in which the 2002Ð2003 NFRI President and General Director research institutions throughout Asia.

Ubuntu Group holds first working session at UNU

he Ubuntu Group, a strategic clearing house and serve to focus the ¥ developing an Ubuntu Prize T alliance between the world’s group’s activities. The projects and Rewarding Excellence in Higher leading education, science and functions of the Ubuntu Group will be Education for Sustainable technology organizations working distributed among the membership, Development, toward achieving the goals of with each member lending its ¥ working collaboratively to sustainable development, held its first strengths and expertise to pertinent promote the ideals and goals of working meeting at UNU Centre in issues. Membership remains open, the group, Tokyo on 16 April. The Ubuntu with the goal of targeting network ¥ creating publicity and promotion Group comprises representatives of organizations as new members while materials as a group, the organizations that signed the endeavouring to achieve a regional ¥ defining a draft substantive Ubuntu Declaration Ð an agreement in balance of member organizations. programme for discussion, and which members pledged to promote As their contribution to the work ¥ considering new membership and sustainable development through plan endorsed by the meeting, UNU transmiting suggestions to the education at all levels Ð at the World and UNU/IAS will: interim secretariat. Summit on Sustainable Development ¥ offer its Global Virtual University Signatories to the Ubuntu in Johannesburg last year. Signatories and Internet Media Studio for Declaration are UNU, UNESCO, also committed to strengthening the promotion of learning material on International Association of use of science and technology for sustainable development, Universities, Third World Academy sustainable development in education. ¥ offer its offices as an interim of Sciences, African Academy of The group begins as a loosely secretariat, and Science, Science Council of Asia, organized consortium that will ¥ cooperate in developing a International Council for Science, gradually define itself as it develops “training the trainers” course on World Federation of Engineering collaborative work and actions. An sustainable development Organizations, Copernicus-Campus, interim secretariat will be established education for university Global Higher Education for within the UNU Institute of Advanced professors. Sustainability Partnership, and Studies (UNU/IAS) to compile Members agreed at the meeting to University Leaders for a Sustainable materials, act as an information- collaborate on: Future.

12 Workshop looks at integrated capacity development in ASEAN

n 24Ð26 March 2003, UNU, in strengthening cooperation and mutual MEAs Ð climate-related conventions, O cooperation with the supportiveness of environmental biodiversity-related conventions and Association of Southeast Asian agreements in the ASEAN region, chemicals-related conventions Ð Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat, the both in scale discussed (i) institutional Institute for Global Environmental (national/regional/global) and across arrangements, legislation, policies and Strategies (IGES), the Institute of issues (biodiversity, climate change, strategies, (ii) information Strategic and International Studies chemicals, etc.). The focus was on management and (iii) capacity (ISIS) Malaysia, and the Malaysian promoting coordinated capacity development and resourcing. Ministry of Science, Technology and development via a functional This workshop was supported by Environment (MOSTE), organized a approach, wherein multiple but related the Ministry of the Environment of regional workshop on “Inter-linkages issues can be dealt with Japan. and Integrated Capacity Development simultaneously and at a fraction of the in ASEAN” in Kuala Lumpur, cost of separate trainings. Malaysia. Building upon UNU’s The workshop’s plenary sessions Inter-linkages Initiative and the draft featured presentations on cross-cutting case study in ASEAN member states and functional issues related to undertaken jointly with the ASEAN Multilateral Environmental Secretariat and ISIS, the workshop Agreements (MEAs) by invited promoted integrated, functional speakers from MEA secretariats, capacity development on cross-cutting international organizations and issues. regional inter-governmental Workshop participants explored organizations. Three working groups opportunities for, and constraints to, based on the thematic clusters of UNU mourns death of IIST director UNU/IAS hosts conference on business potential of forest ecosystems rof. Armando Haeberer, P director of the UNU International Institute for n 5Ð6 November, the UNU groups. Participants reviewed the O Institute of Advanced Studies latest concepts in developing markets Software Technology (UNU/IAS) hosted the Katoomba V for ecosystem services; examined (UNU/IIST) in Macao, collapsed Conference at the UN House in international case studies on markets and died on 11 February while on Tokyo. The theme of this international involving ecosystem assets and a ferry trip from Macao to Hong conference was “Capturing the Value services; identified potential partners Kong. Prof. Haeberer had of Ecosystem Services: Developing and investments associated with previously suffered a heart attack Markets for Environmental Assets.” emerging markets for carbon, water and was being treated at hospitals “Katoomba” is the name given to management and biodiversity habitat; in Macao and Hong Kong. the series of meetings on sustainable explored the risks to investors arising Prof. Haeberer’s first contact forest management that was launched ecosystem degradation; and debated with UNU/IIST was in 1995, in Katoomba, Australia, in April 2000. the future interplay of financial and when he organized cooperation Katoomba V, the fifth in the series, environmental interests. between UNU/IIST and the was the first major Japan-based event Keynote speakers at the Brazilian National Research specifically addressing the business conference were Minoru Makihara Council. He joined the UNU/IIST potential offered by forest ecosystems. (Chairman of Mitsubishi Corporation) board in 1998, and served as its The conference focused on new and Phil Cottle (Partner, Re chairman from 1999 to 2002. He markets and opportunities related to Agricultural Services). had taken up the office of director carbon and the Kyoto Protocol’s Representatives from corporations in on 1 November 2002. Clean Development Mechanism, Japan and abroad, international Prof. Haeberer was born in biodiversity and ecosystem-based organizations and governments spoke Argentina in 1947. His water management, as well as at conference sessions on “Green professional career spanned both opportunities for socially responsible Investment Opportunities in Asia,” academic research and industrial investment in ecosystem services and “Environmental Investment R&D. He had worked in enterprises. Opportunities in Asia.” Argentina, Brazil, Germany, The meeting was attended by Katoomba V was organized by Portugal and the UK, and taught representatives of forestry and finance The Katoomba Group and Forest at universities in Argentina and companies, environmental policy and Trends, a US-based nonprofit Brazil. Recently, he was a visiting research organizations, governmental organization. professor of King’s College agencies, and private and nonprofit London.

13 New from UNU Press

Conflict Prevention: Path to Peace or Grand Illusion? States, Markets, and Just Growth: Development in the Twenty-first Edited by David Carment and Albrecht Schnabel Century Edited by Atul Kohli, Chung-in Moon and Georg Sorensen Conflict Prevention evaluates the institutional record on conflict prevention, identifies current This book explores the common concerns of trends in conflict prevention practice, and makes developing countries in the quest for just recommendations on improving organizational growth, while also emphasizing special regional capacity. Part 1 addresses the question of what needs. The opening chapters provide a synthetic constitutes successful conflict prevention. Part 2 overview of the pressing shared imperatives of reflects on how existing mechanisms and globalization, democracy, poverty and instruments for conflict prevention can be inequality, while the chapters that follow properly evaluated and improved, and how analyse the record of different regions and informational and analytical needs can be used to countries in achieving just growth. enhance the quality of conflict analysis and its policy relevance. The book concludes with a consideration of the efforts and ISBN 92-808-1076-6; US$21.95 challenges of building regional capacity in the developing world.

ISBN 92-808-1081-2; US$33.00 International Waters in Southern Africa Edited by Mikiyasu Nakayama

Democratization in the Middle East: Experiences, Struggles, Sharing of water resources among basin Challenges countries often results in dispute, both in Edited by Amin Saikal and Albrecht Schnabel environmental and security contexts. With a large disparity in availability of water between Recent movement towards political, economic its relatively wet northern part and drier south, and cultural liberalization has brought southern Africa is one of the world’s most instability and violence to the Middle East, critical regions in terms of water management. with traditional and religious values clashing Editor Mikiyasu Nakayama was involved in with secular ethics, norms and practices. This establishing a basin-wide management scheme book addresses a number of key issues that will for the Zambezi river system. This book determine the success or failure of sustainable examines the political complexities that hindered development of an democratization in the region, drawing on action plan, and the risks and opportunities for water management in conceptual and country analyses to examine today’s political environment. various aspects of the democratization process. The contributors conclude that to be successful, the process must be ISBN 92-808-1077-4; US$21.95 gradual.

ISBN 92-808-1085-5; US$21.95 Regional Peacekeepers: The Paradox of Russian Peacekeeping Edited by John Mackinlay and Peter Cross

From Civil Strife to Civil Society: Civil and Military Responsibilities Even after the Soviet Union disintegrated, Russia continued in the in Disrupted States 1990s to maintain its longstanding obligations and strategic interests. Edited by William Maley, Charles Sampford and Ramesh Thakur This book investigates the Russian military presence in former Soviet territory to determine whether these forces have been From Civil Strife to Civil Society explores the genuinely peacekeeping or are, in fact, a post-imperial presence that challenges that the UN, its Member States, and seeks to maintain former strategic interests. It includes first-hand NGOs face in delivering humanitarian accounts of CIS peacekeeping efforts in South Ossetia, Abkhazia, assistance or acting as agents of political, social Moldova and Tajikistan juxtaposed with assessments of Russian or civic reconstruction in disrupted states. It peacekeeping efforts in Chechnya. rigorously examines the dimensions of state disruption and the roles of the international ISBN 92-808-1079-0; US$26.95 community in responding to it; looks at military doctrine for dealing with disorder and humanitarian emergencies; considers The UNU Press has more than 200 titles in print, covering a mechanisms for ending violence and delivering post-conflict justice; wide range of subjects including vital issues in the fields of the and investigates the problems of rebuilding trust, promoting environment and sustainable resource development, peace and democracy, reconstituting the rule of law, and re-establishing social governance, economic and social development, and regional and civil order. studies. Inquiries about books or requests for the current UNU Press Publications Catalogue should be addressed to the ISBN 92-808-1070-7; US$33.00 Marketing and Sales Unit (fax: +81-3-3406-7345; e-mail [email protected]). See http://www.unu.edu/unupress/ for catalogues of new and backlist books and related information.

14 Recent UNU activities

MOE/J, IGES) 29 April, Reykjavik: 25th Conference of 2003 Directors of UNU Research and Training 17 March, Tokyo: Symposium on “What is Centres and Programmes 16 January, Tokyo: EU-UNU Tokyo Global Eexpected of United Nations Diplomacy Forum on “Children in Turmoil: Rights of Now? Ð Seeking Peace and Prosperity in the AprilÐSeptember, Bruges, Belgium: Virtual the Child in the Midst of Human Insecurity” 21st Century” (UNU, MOFA/J & Yomiuri Workshop on “Indicator Systems for (UNU & Delegation of the European Shimbun) Monitoring Regional Integration” Commission in Japan) (UNU/CRIS) 18 March, Tokyo: Public Lecture on 17 January, Tokyo: International “Botswana’s Success Story – Overcoming 1Ð31 May, Accra: Training Course in Symposium on “Globally-Integrated the Challenges of Development” (UNU, “Computer Applications to Natural Resource Environmental Assessment Modeling” and Embassy of Botswana, JIIA) Management” (UNU/INRA) Formal Launch of the GLEAM Forum 21 March, Montreal: Review Meeting of 5Ð23 May, Hanoi: “Unifying Theory of 21 January, Tokyo: Public Forum on “Inter- Post-MYPOW (Multi-Year Programme of Programming, Model Checking, and linkages and Environmental Governance Ð Work of the Conference of the Parties to the Software Development with UML” National and Regional Strategies and Ways Convention on Biological Diversity; (UNU/IIST) Forward in Asia and the Pacific” (UNU, UNU/IAS) 13 May, Tokyo: 2003 Africa Day ASEAN Secretariat, et al.) 24Ð26 March, Kuala Lumpur: ASEAN Symposium (UNU & ADC) 26Ð31 January, Kwangju, Republic of Regional Workshop on “Inter-linkages and 17Ð18 May, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER Project Korea, and Hadano, Japan: International Integrated Capacity Development” Meeting on “Innovative Sources of Workshop on “Regional Environmental 25 March, Tokyo: International Symposium Development Finance” Quality in the East Asian Coastal on “New Threats and Nonproliferation of Hydrosphere: Environmental Quality 18Ð24 May, La Habana, Cuba: International Weapons of Mass Destruction” (UNU & Guidelines and Capacity Development” Course on “Quality Control in the MOFA/J) (UNU, KJIST, et al.) Biotechnology Industry” (UNU/BIOLAC) 26 March, Maastricht: UNU/INTECH 5Ð6 February, Dhaka, Bangladesh: BUET- 19Ð21 May, Katmandu: 2nd UNU-RIVM Research Seminar on “Geographical UNU International Symposium on “Fate of Workshop on “Environmental Dimensions of Indications” Arsenic in the Environment” Poverty” 28Ð29 March, Tokyo: UNU/WIDER Project 12 February, Maastricht: Book Launch: 19 MayÐ27 June, Tokyo: UNU International Conference on “Spatial Inequality in Asia” “Government, Innovation and Technology Courses Policy: An International Comparative 31 MarchÐ4 April, Merida, Venezuela: 21 May, Maastricht: UNU/INTECH Analysis” (UNU/INTECH) International Course on “New Frontiers of Research Seminar on “The Determinants of Bioinformatics in Latin America” 12Ð13 February, Tokyo: Workshop on “UN Governance Patterns in Global Value (UNU/BIOLAC) Peace Operations in the Asia Pacific Region” Chains” (UNU & IDSS, Singapore) 4 April, Tokyo: Award Ceremony for 2002Ð 27 May, Tokyo: Fridtjof Nansen Memorial 2003 UNU-Kirin Fellows 17 February, Brussels: Book Launch: Lecture on “Challenges for Peace and “Reforming Africa’s Institutions: Towards a 7Ð10 April, Tokyo: UNU/IAS “Urban Reconciliation in the 21st Century” Domestic Response” (UNU/WIDER) Sustainable Capacity Building Exercise” 29 May, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER Project 24Ð25 February, Shiga, Japan: World Lake 8 April, Tokyo: Public Forum on Closing of Meeting on “Measuring Human Well-being” Vision Plenary Meeting (UNU, ILEC, the International Year of Mountains 2002 29 May, Helsinki; UNU/WIDER Project UNEP, et al.) (UNU & Japanese National Committee of Meeting on “Spatial Inequality in IYM2002) 25 FebruaryÐ22 March, Neuquen, Development” Argentina: School on “Component-based 10 April, Tokyo: Public Forum on the 30Ð31 May, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER Software Development for College and occasion of “The European Union Fifth Development Conference on “Inequality, University Teachers and Developers from Enlargement: 10 New Member Countries” Poverty and Human Well-being” Latin America” (UNU/IIST & Universidad (UNU & EU) Nacional del Comahue, Argentina) 1 June, Helsinki: WIDER Project Workshop 15 April, Tokyo: Fifth U Thant on “African Capacity for Policy Simulation: 26Ð27 February, Maastricht: International Distinguished Lecture on “The Future of Our Towards Better Poverty Strategies” Workshop on “Building (Bio)pharmaceutical World” Systems in Developing Countries” 2 June, Tokyo: Tokyo Roundtable on 15Ð16 April, Beijing: International (UNU/INTECH) “Bioethics and Biotechnology: What is at Symposium on “Impacts of POPs from Stake for Humanity Now?” (UNU/IAS, 6 March, Tokyo: 2003 International Urban Areas” Embassy of France, Embassy of Germany, Women’s Day – “Women’s Empowerment: 17Ð18 April, Accra: Biennial Meeting of JDZB) the Key to Achieving the Millennium UNU/INRA College of Research Associates Development Goals” (UN agencies in Japan) 2Ð3 June, Bruges, Belgium: Conference on 18Ð19 April, Charlottesville, Virginia: “Linking Peace, Security and Regional 6 March, Maastricht: UNU/INTECH International Symposium on “Improving Integration in Africa” (UNU/CRIS) Research Seminar on “The New Competitive Public Participation and Governance in Advantage: Lessons for Developing 5 June, Maastricht: UNU/INTECH International Watershed Management” Countries” Workshop on “The Future of the Venture (UNU, UNEP, et al.) Capital Industry” 11 March, Geneva: Joint UNU/IAS- 19Ð20 April, Johannesburg: Project UNCTAD Policy Dialogue on 9 June, Tokyo: Tokyo Roundtable on Workshop on “African Capacity for Policy “Biotechnology Applications and Trade” “Biosecurity” (UNU/IAS) Simulation: Towards Better Poverty 13Ð14 March, Accra, Ghana: UNU/INRA Strategies” (UNU/WIDER) 9Ð10 June, Hamilton, Ontario: Annual Lectures UNU/INWEH International Advisory 24Ð25 April, Accra: Biennial Meeting of Committee Meeting 16Ð23 March, Kyoto, Shiga, Osaka: The 3rd UNU/INRA College of Research Associates World Water Forum (UNU/IAS, JSWE, (Continued on page 16)

15 Recent UNU activities (Continued from page 15)

11 June, Maastricht: UNU/INTECH Asia and Latin America” 7Ð27 July, Accra: Training Course in “Plant Research Seminar Series: The Rise of Tissue Culture” (UNU/INRA) 27Ð28 June, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER Project Modular Model of the Global Electronics Meeting on “Long-term Development in the 27Ð30 July, Akita Prefecture, Japan: UNU Industry CFA-zone Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa” Global Seminar Ð Tohoku Session on 16Ð17 June, Maastricht: UNU/INTECH “Global Environment and Regional 1Ð5 July, Seoul: UNU Global Seminar Ð Annual Board Meeting Development” Seoul Session on “Community Building in 17Ð18 June, Tokyo: University Professor Northeast Asia: Challenges and 28Ð30 July, Bangkok: Workshop on Training Programme on “The WTO and Opportunities” “Ensuring Flood Security for Sustainable Sustainable Development” Urbanization in the Asia-Pacific Region” 1Ð26 July, Yaoundé, Cameroon: Course on (UNU, UNCRD) 19Ð20 June, Helsinki: 19th Session of the “Train-the-Trainers in Computer UNU/WIDER Board Applications to Natural Resources” 30Ð31 July, Tokyo: UNU-UNESCO (UNU/INRA) International Conference on “Globalization 19Ð20 June, Maastricht: International with a Human Face” Workshop on “TNCs, Capabilities and 7 July, New York: Meeting of the Bureau of Competitiveness: Evidence from Africa, the UNU Council

For the latest information on UNU events, kindly visit our Forthcoming UNU activities website at http://www.unu.edu/hq/rector_office/events.htm.

1Ð15 August, Zhengzhou, China: “Methods session among partners of the capacity 9 October, Maastricht: INU/INTECH and Tools for High Quality Software development initiative in Asia and Pacific Research Seminar on “Taking a Seat in the Development” (UNU/IIST) Global Marketplace: Opportunities for ‘High 22 September, Québec: World Forests, Road’ Upgrading in the Indonesian Wood 3Ð6 August, Shimane Prefecture, Japan: Society & Environment (WFSE) Forum Ð a Furniture Sector” UNU Global Seminar Ð Shimane Session on special event during the XII World Forestry “Globalization and Human Development” Congress 14Ð31 October, Tokyo: Inaugural Session of the UNU/Australian National University 6Ð8 August, Accra: Meeting of the Advisory 23Ð26 September, Kobe/Awaji, Japan: UNU Postgraduate Award Courses Board of UNU/INRA Global Seminar Ð Kobe/Awaji Session on “Will Science and Technology Save Our 29Ð30 October, Tokyo: International 9Ð16 August, Papua New Guinea: Regional Global Community” Symposium on “Alternative Approaches to Workshop on “Inter-linkages and Integrated Enhancing Small-Scale Livelihoods and Capacity Development in the Pacific” (UNU, September, Maastricht,: 3rd Annual Amilcar Natural Resources Management in Marginal SPREP, UNDP) Herrera Lecture (UNU/INTECH) Areas – Experience in Monsoon Asia” 12 August, Stockholm: Workshop on “Role 2Ð3 October, Bruges: Research Workshop October (date to be confirmed), New York: and Governance Implications of Virtual on “Exploring the Tensions and Synergies Briefing on Inter-linkages and the Issue Water Trade” (UNU, SIWI, CREST of JST) between Regional Integration and Global Management Approach (UNU, UNEP, MIT) Governance” (UNU/CRIS & Univ. of 27Ð30 August, Hokkaido, Japan: UNU Warwick) 20Ð21 November, Bruges: Conference on Global Seminar Ð Hokkaido Session on “Regional Integration, Governance and “Water, Environment and Economics” 7Ð10 October (tentative), Algiers: Global Public Goods” (UNU/CRIS) UNU/INRA-UNECA Annual Lecture 1Ð2 September, Tokyo: Workshop on 20Ð21 November, Bruges: UNU/CRIS “Capacity Development Training for 8Ð9 October Tokyo: International Second Annual Lecture by Dr. Inge Kaul, Monitoring of POPs in the East Asian Symposium on “Improving Public Director of the Office of Development Hydrosphere” (UNU, APN, Shimadzu) Participation and Governance in Water Studies, UNDP Resources Management” 1Ð5 September, Kanagawa Prefecture, 21Ð23 November, Belgrade, Serbia and Japan: UNU Global Seminar Ð Shonan Montenegro: International Symposium and Session on “Will Human Security Supercede UNU Nexions presents a “snapshot” Workshop on “Challenges in Strengthening The State? – The Tasks Ahead” of the UNU activities. It is published by the UNU Public Affairs Section in of Capacities for Forest Policy Development 5 September, Tokyo: Sixth U Thant in CITs” Distinguished Lecture on “Agriculture, Tokyo. 22Ð25 November, Ishikawa Prefecture, Development and Human Rights in the UNU Nexions welcomes letters or Japan: UNU Global Seminar Ð Kanazawa Future of Africa” by Mr. Jimmy Carter, 39th the submission of articles for Session President of the USA consideration. Address your inquiries or 29 November, Tokyo: 26th Conference of 5 September, Helsinki: Project Meeting on correspondence to: Directors of UNU Research and Training “Innovative Sources of Development Public Affairs Section Centres and Programmes Finance” (UNU/WIDER) United Nations University November (date to be confirmed), Suva, 6Ð7 September, Helsinki: UNU/WIDER 53–70, Jingumae 5-chome Fiji: Regional Workshop on Inter-linkages Development Conference on “Sharing Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150–8925 and Integrated Capacity Development in the Global Prosperity” Japan Pacific (UNU, SPREP, UNDP) 8Ð9 September, Pisa, Italy: Workshop on Telephone: +81–3–3499–2811 1Ð5 December, Tokyo: 50th Session of the “Formal Aspects of Component Software Fax: +81–3–3499–2828 UNU Council FACS’03” (UNU/IIST) E-mail: [email protected] 18Ð21 December, Okinawa Prefecture, 8Ð12 September, Apia, Samoa: Inter- Website: http://www.unu.edu Japan: UNU Global Seminar Ð Okinawa linkages side event during the SPREP Online newsletter UNU Update: Session Governing Council and Brainstorning http://update.unu.edu

16