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UNU Nexions, August 2003

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UNU Nexions, August 2003 UNUnexions August 2003 PPooiinntt ooff VViieeww The “Point of View” essay series reflects the UNU’s mandate to provide scholarship that clarifies pressing global issues. This issue’s “Point of View” was contributed by Professor Luk Van Langenhove, Director of UNU’s Comparative Regional Integration Studies Programme (UNU/CRIS) in Bruges, Belgium. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the UNU. Regional integration and global governance By Luk Van number has risen Langenhove nowadays to 191 In our globalized Member States), which world, societies are means that the affected more and functioning of the more extensively and General Assembly is deeply by events of not getting easier. other societies. Debates Thirdly, states now on globalization raise have to share their questions regarding the hegemony on appropriate political governance and their response for dealing capacity to regulate with both its negative economic and positive effects. transformation more One of the fundamental and more with local questions is at what governments, supra- level action should be national groupings and The meeting of the European Council was held in Copenhagen on 12–13 December 2002. situated. National and The agenda concentrated on two key topics: the enlargement of the EU and functional non-governmental local authorities can procedures of the Council in the light of the enlargement. actors. And, finally, as take actions, but – as is (Photo: Audiovisual Library of the European Commission) shown in the recent often the case – these authorities are limited in their ability Iraqi crisis, not all states seem to accept multilateralism as to tackle global and, thus, transnational problems. On the the dominant principle on which the world order has to be other hand, there are global worldwide institutions, such as based. the United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions. And, So, how should the United Nations deal with in between, there are regional institutions as well, such as globalization? Should we stick to the old model of a club of the European Union, Mercosur and NAFTA; it is, perhaps, nations? Or should we search for alternative models in exactly at this level that globalization is best dealt with. which other actors, such as regional organizations, can play This may seem surprising, as at first sight it could only a role? The fact is that regional integration is becoming a be the United Nations who, as a global institution, offers a major geopolitical process. After the Second World War, a political answer to globalization. After all, the United first wave of regionalization focused on trade and payments Nations was founded in 1945 in an attempt to create a liberalization between neighbouring countries in order to multilateral world forum where sovereign states can clear up spur inter-country transactions. The current wave of differing opinions, and where common actions about peace regionalism is different, as it is increasingly no longer about and development can be stimulated. Today, however, the trade only, but also about security and regional public goods world is dramatically different from that of the post-World (such as managing water basins, infrastructure, energy and War II period in which the United Nations was founded. the environment). First of all, the geopolitical stability of that system In addition, Europe has managed to develop a model of disappeared with the end of the cold war. Secondly, a lot integration that incorporates political elements in a deep more countries are now members of the United Nations than economic integration. Indeed, what is happening in the used to be the case (from the original 51 members, the (Continued on page 4) A UNU Public Affairs newsletter providing connexions to the work of the University 1 EU-UNU forum considers plight of “Children in Turmoil” he UN Convention on the T Rights of the Child (1989) provides an international legal framework for the care and protection of children and their participation in society. This convention defining the fundamental rights of children encapsulates an extraordinary consensus by governments on this subject. A special session of the UN General Assembly in 2002 Ms. Glenys Kinnock Ms. Tetsuko Kuroyanagi Mr. Lloyd Axworthy on the status of children, however, highlighted the reality that Insecurity,” was held at UN House in the conference were political leaders, the young remain vulnerable to Tokyo as the third event of the EU- academics, UN officials and poverty, greed, crime, disease and UNU Tokyo Global Forum series. representatives of non-governmental exploitation. Conference discussions focused organizations. Conference speakers On Thursday, 16 January 2003, particularly on the topics of abuse and included Tetsuko Kuroyanagi UNU and the Delegation of the exploitation of children, working (UNICEF Ambassador for Goodwill), European Commission in Japan – in children and children in conflict, and Lloyd Axworthy (former Foreign cooperation with UNICEF and the deprivation, health and education. Minister of Canada), Nobuto Hosaka Japan Committee for UNICEF, and The objective of the conference and Seiko Noda (members of the supported by the Ministry of Foreign was to mobilize the private and public House of Representatives, Japan), Affairs of Japan and the Asahi sectors to contribute to the fullest Glenys Kinnock (member of the Shimbun – organized a high-level implementation of the UN Convention European Parliament), Shada Islam international conference on issues by sending a strong message – to (correspondent, Far Eastern related to human rights and the rights politicians as well as to economic Economic Review) and Marta Santos of the child. This conference, actors – that the rights and well-being Pais (Director, UNICEF Innocenti “Children in Turmoil: Rights of the of children must be fully integrated Research Centre). Child in the Midst of Human into all policy formulation. Attending Seminar discusses “The Responsibility to Protect” ver the past decade, as the Sovereignty (ICISS) in September community to protect civilians. It O world has witnessed a tide of 2000. In December 2001, this brought together policy makers, civil conflict, war crimes, commission formally presented its academics, analysts and practitioners humanitarian crises and, most report on The Responsibility to involved in areas of international recently, the deadly rise of terrorism, Protect to the UN community. UN peace and security, conflict prevention the principle that state sovereignty Secretary-General Kofi Annan and human rights. involves a responsibility to ensure included this report at the Security Seminar speakers included Gareth justice and personal security for Council’s annual private retreat in Evans (Co-Chair of the ICISS, individuals has gained increasingly May 2002, and follow-up efforts to President and Chief Executive of the broad international recognition. So, this initiative were organized at the International Crisis Group, and former too, has the notion that when states are UN and by governments, non- Foreign Minister of Australia), unable or unwilling to exercise this governmental organizations and Ramesh Thakur (Vice-Rector of UNU responsibility, this role must be experts around the world. and ICISS Commissioner), Marie assumed by the community of states, On Monday, 16 December 2002, Gervais-Vidricaire (Director General, since threats to social stability and UNU and the Canadian Embassy in Global Issues Bureau of the human security can extend far beyond Japan hosted a half-day seminar on Department of Foreign Affairs and state borders. “The Responsibility to Protect” at UN International Trade, Canada), Yoichi In an effort to advance the House in Tokyo. This seminar was Otabe (Deputy Director General, collective security debate and revisit one of the first national-level efforts to Foreign Policy Bureau of the Ministry the challenges of “humanitarian broaden public awareness and of Foreign Affairs, Japan) and John intervention,” Canada established the engagement in building a greater McCarthy (Australian Ambassador to independent International global consensus on the responsibility Japan and former Australian Commission on Intervention and State of states and the international Ambassador to Indonesia). 2 UNU, OIC hold international symposium on Islam to deepen mutual understanding of Professor Moustapha Cisse, Honorary Islam and other religions, and to Ambassador of the Republic of promote stronger relations of Senegal. Panelists discussed their friendship and cooperation between insights and views on exchange and Japan and the Muslim world. The interaction between the Muslim world proceedings opened with remarks by and other countries, focusing in Rachad Farah, Ambassador of the particular on past and present Republic of Djibouti and Dean of the channels of exchange between Ambassadors of the OIC member Muslim countries and Japan, and on countries. The symposium’s keynote issues of philosophy and values speaker was Dr. Mahathir bin common to both cultural spheres. Mohamad, Prime Minister of The symposium was supported by Malaysia (photo). The keynote the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of address was followed by a 90-minute Japan and the Japan Ruling Parties panel discussion coordinated by Parliamentary League for Islam. n 13 December 2002, UNU O hosted an international symposium on “Islam: Fostering Peace and Dialogue in an Interdependent World.” This symposium, held in the U Thant International Conference Hall at UN
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