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UNICEF Annual Report, 1996. INSTITUTION United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY

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UNICEF Annual Report, 1996. INSTITUTION United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY DOCUMENT RESUME ED 437 132 PS 024 528 TITLE UNICEF Annual Report, 1996. INSTITUTION United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY. PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 103p.; Photographs may not copy adequately. For 1995 Annual Report, see PS 025 015. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annual Reports; *Child Health; *Child Welfare; *Children; *Childrens Rights; Developing Nations; Disadvantaged Environment; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; Human Capital; *International Programs; Nutrition; Poverty; Program Descriptions; Social Work; Well Being IDENTIFIERS *Unicef; United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child ABSTRACT At this time, the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) is commemorating its 50th anniversary, under the slogan "children first." This annual UNICEF report reviews the organization's activities during 1995. An introduction by the executive director states that the report will give readers a sense of what UNICEF is doing with partners to rise to the program's challenges. Topics in the report include:(1) the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child--a powerful and wide-ranging legal instrument to promote and protect the human rights of children;(2) regional developments; (3) emergency countries (those suffering recent natural disasters or war); (4) child protection;(5) health;(6) nutrition;(7) safe environment; (8) urban issues;(9) basic education;(10) girls and women;(11) communication; (12) working together (national committees, non-governmental organizations, and inter-agency cooperation;(13) resources and management;(14) UNICEF income, donors, and expenditures (tables and charts); and 15 profiles of individual efforts to improve conditions for children. Descriptions are given for regional developments in West and Central Africa, the Middle East and North Africa; East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, the Americas and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union), and the Baltic states. The report concludes with an annex describing major decisions made by UNICEF's executive board during 1995. (WJC) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. N a I I N M a 4 r.. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Fleseamh and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) uniceF Ai This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization United Nations Children's Fund Jost originating it. Minor changes have been made to Ou citnholm n improve reproduction quality. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent 1 official OERI position or policy. 21 IBE-4601PfAVAILABLE UNICEF Executive Board 1 January to 31 December 1996 OFFICERS FOR 1996: PRESIDENT H.E. Mr. Ion Gorita (Romania) VICE-PRESIDENTS Ms. Lyda Aponte de Zack lin (Venezuela) Mr. Jan Top Christensen (Denmark) Mr. John Aggrey (Ghana) Mrs. Mitra Vasisht (India) MEMBERS OF THE BOARD: TERM OF OFFICE EXPIRING ON 31 DECEMBER 1996 31 DECEMBER 1997 31 DECEMBER 1998 Brazil Angola Canada Burkina Faso Azerbaijan China France Burundi Cuba Ghana India Denmark Indonesia Japan Namibia Italy Kenya Russian Federation Jamaica Morocco Suriname Lebanon Netherlands Switzerland Romania Norway Turkey United Kingdom of Pakistan Ukraine Great Britain and Republic of Korea Viet Nam Northern Ireland Sweden United States Uganda of America Venezuela Cover photographs Upper left: UNICEF/94-1223/Pirozzi Upper right: UNICEF/92-0134/Maines BEST COPY AVAILABLE Lower left: UNICEF/C-I I6/9/Maines Lower right: UNICEF/94.0789(Toutounji 3 ® Printed on recycledpaper CONTENTS FOREWORD BASIC EDUCATION 58 BY UNITED NATIONS SECRETARY-GENERAL 3 GIRLS AND WOMEN 61 OVERVIEW BY UNICEF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 4 COMMUNICATION 64 COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL MOBILIZATION 64 CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT 66 OF THE CHILD 6 INTERNATIONAL CHILD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE 67 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 8 PUBLICATIONS 68 EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA 8 TELEVISION AND RADIO 70 WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA 11 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 13 WORKING TOGETHER 73 EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 15 NATIONAL COMMITTEES 73 SOUTH ASIA 17 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 75 THE AMERICAS AND CARIBBEAN 19 GOODWILL AMBASSADORS AND CELEBRITIES 77 CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION 78 COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES, COOPERATION WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 79 AND BALTIC STATES 21 RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT 80 EMERGENCY COUNTRIES 23 UNICEF FINANCES 80 COUNTRIES AFFECT ED BY ARMED CONFLICT 25 GREETING CARD AND RELATED OPERATIONS85 COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY NATURAL DISASTERS 31 INFORMATION RESOURCES 86 INTERNAL AUDIT 86 CHILD PROTECTION 32 SUPPLY MANAGEMENT 87 CHILD LABOUR 33 HUMAN RESOURCES 87 CHILDREN AND WAR 33 MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE PROGRAMME 89 SEXUAL EXPLOITATION 34 CHILDHOOD DISABILITY 36 TABLES AND CHARTS JUVENILE JUSTICE 36 UNICEF income by source 1995 81 UNICEF income 1993-1995 81 HEALTH 37 Top 20 donors to UNICEF 82 YOUTH HEALTH 38 Programmes funded from general resources 83 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 38 UNICEF expenditure on programmes CHILDREN AND FAMILIES AI+E(. I ED BY AIDS 39 by sector 1991-1995 84 THE BAMAKO INITIATIVE 41 Governmental and private sector IMMUNIZATION 42 contributions to UNICEF, 1995 90 ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS 44 CONTROL OF DIARRHOEAL DISEASES 46 PROFILES Teen report: Transforming the pain of war 27 NUTRITION 48 Giving voice to sexual abuse: Naira's story 35 MICRONUTRIENTS 49 The salt 'miners' of western Sudan 45 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY 51 Passive no more, Niger's women INFANT FEEDING AND CARE 51 fight malnutrition 50 Clean water, long life! 54 SAFE ENVIRONMENT 52 Buying children back from bondage 60 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 53 Building a refuge from female genital mutilation...63 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE 53 ANNEX: EXECUTIVE BOARD 97 URBAN ISSUES 56 GLOSSARY 101 Foreword The world has few more effective measures of its overall progress than those that chart the health and well-being of children. Nations that nurture, protect and invest in their chil- dren's potential also tend to thrive economically. When nations have their priorities in order, the conditions of and chances for children, even in the poorest of countries, also tend to improve. As we celebrate UNICEF's 50th anniversary this year, we reflect on the progress made so far on the major tasks that remain, and on the lessons we have learned so far. The average life expectancy of a child has increased in just three decades from 37 to 67 years. As recently as the 1960s, fewer than half of the world's children had a primary education. Ten years later, fewer than 10 per cent were immunized against the main child- hood diseases. By 1995, almost 80 per cent of children were in school, and an equal per- centage were protected by vaccines. Child mortality rates were reduced by more than half between 1960 and 1995. Despite these positive developments, safety nets for children are still inadequate. More than twelve million children will die this year from illnesses that it would cost pen- nies to prevent. Too many children still become victims of war, exploitation and neglect. And no country can yet claim to be able to offer girls and women equal opportunity with boys and men. What I have found encouraging in my discussions with world leaders, however, is that common ground can almost always be found when children's interests are at stake. The most tangible expressions of this harmony are the 'corridors of peace' that UNICEF has been able to negotiate in the midst of conflicts in order to bring relief to children caught in the crossfire. It is also evident in the near-universal ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which has revolutionized our approach to human development. Virtually all countries now agree that the needs of children, including their survival, protection, good health, education and freedom of self-expression, are basic human rights that should be enjoyed -equally by girls and boys, regardless of their national, cultural, reli- gious or ethnic heritage. That is the central message of this report. It should be our aim to ensure that it becomes reality, soon. Boutros Boutros-Ghali United Nations Secretary-General 5 OVERVIEW 4 In its 50th year, UNICEF continues to put children first helping to reduce barriers, including gender discrimination, to the realization of their potential. AS UNICEF COMMEMORATES ITS 50TH in large parts of the world. Today, that aura of anniversary, we also celebrate the fact inevitability has been largely dispelled, and the that the past 50 years have witnessed child death rate has fallen by half. more progress for the world's children than did In just over one decade, from the early the previous 2,000 years of human history. The 1980s to the 1990s, immunization coverage lessons of development over this half century all against the six main killer diseases of childhood point to the need to invest in children today increased from 10 per cent to over 80 per cent to put children first to overcome poverty and worldwide. ensure future prosperity for all. Concrete actions Fifty years ago, large-scale hunger and even to improve the lives of children have brought periodic famines killing millions of people were advances in all facets of their lives. To highlight regarded as 'facts of life', at least for the poor. just the most dramatic examples: During the 1980s, nutritional status improved in When UNICEF was created in 1946, mass every region of the world except sub-Saharan deaths of children were still considered inevitable Africa. 6 BEST COPY AVALABLE 1996 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT Thanks in large part to increased child sur- UNICEF Executive 1 4c Director Carol Bellamy vival, human beings are living on average 20 looks at a girl's years longer than 50 years ago. notebook while visiting a primary school In spite of record population growth, pri- during a 1995 trip to mary school enrolment in developing countries Liberia.
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