Situational Analysis of vulnerable conditions in emergency shelters in Takhar and Badakhshan Provinces
Pre-winter
Families using different mechanism (cardboards) to protect the tents reassessmentReport From extreme weather conditions in Khaja Khairab Photo:
August 2014
Children are engaged in fletching drinking water from far away springs and streams (Photo: Vijay Raghavan)
Report developed by
Concern Worldwide with the support Irish Aid funded Humanitarian Response Project in Afghanistan
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Household Vulnerability conditions in Emergency Shelters in Takhar and Badakhshan Provinces
1. CONTEXT
Concern Worldwide along with International Organization for Migration, UNHCR and Shelter Cluster has undertaken a joint assessment of the situation of shelters in the severely affected communities due to landslides and floods. This assessment report was part of the shelter cluster’s presentation to the Honorable Deputy Minister for Rehabilitation and Rural Development on 6th April 2014. The meeting outcomes was that, it recognizes about more than 8,000 families who are severely affected by floods and landslides and their houses are completely destroyed (considered as Category A) and there is about more than 7,000 families need shelter support before this winter. The existing approach of the MRRD and the Shelter cluster envisaged in its Shelter Strategy have limitations includes, availability of funding, very little time and huge demand for shelters.
To meet this huge demand, there is need for exploring other shelter options for these communities. The study report of Concern which has come out with different shelter options can be further explored with the affected communities across the flood affected areas by Shelter Cluster partners and IOM to get exact case load for different shelter options. The meeting also endorsed the need for transitory shelter options with minimum standards and basic foundations. It has concluded with request to have a detailed reassessment of the situation in the flood and landslide affected villages in North and North-east Afghanistan.
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Assessed villages in Takhar and Badakhshan Provinces
Concern Worldwide did carried out this re-assessment but decided to do an in-depth analysis of the families living in camp like situations and with host families in the relocated sites and in their original villages. Thus, the re-assessment to understand the vulnerability situations in these emergency shelters in relocated sites and various shelter options were explored. The assessment was carried out with all the affected families in six severely affected communities, where Concern Worldwide has been engaging since their displacement due to landslides and flash floods. Concern Worldwide is closely monitoring the internally displaced persons in 8 villages in Takhar and Badakhshan provinces since mid-April 2014. This assessment didn’t cover the worst affected landslide village, Abb-e-Bareek in Argo district of Badakhshan due to the Government is coming up with a separate response plan to the village. Thus, out of 857 totally displaced and severely affected families in 8 villages, the assessment was carried out with 483 families of six villages, covering all the affected families in these relocated places.
S. Name of the villages Name of the camp site No. of Families No. 1 Darai Show, Eshkamesh Aq Para area of Eshkamesh, but many 126 district, Takhar have relocated in Awraw/Kandak ; 2 Dahane Shera, Chaman-e-Mula Wazir and Nawabad e 86 Eshkamesh district, shir localities of Eshkamesh town Takhar 3 Khaja Khairab, Rushtaq Kocha Bridge in Dashteqala dist. and 118 district, Takhar Khaja Khairab village 4 Kuzur, Argu District, In the farm fields and open areas nearer 46 Badakhshan to Kuzur village
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5 Nawabad Kakan, Argu Living with host families and tents 11 District, Badakhshan installed nearer to their destroyed houses 6 Eshkeshan (Argu District, Badakhshan) 7 Aijil, Yawan district, Outside of Aijil village and Jangal area 37 have moved out of Badakhshan the village and about 86 families are living in outskirts of the village
With that in mind, this assessment aims to address the issue of winterization by providing optimum deliverable solutions to the majority camp population, i.e. refugees spending their winter in the current tents. The solutions proposed are an outcome of the analysis of: The climate pattern in NE Afghanistan (where ever possible secondary data was obtained and in other cases, used the Kabul weather details for this report) A rapid site analysis of the services provided, and The current situation of the IDPs, their shelter conditions, their belongings and the aid they have received 2. METHODOLOGY
The assessment covered all the families living in emergency shelters, living with host families and other locations (like in market yards, damaged houses etc.) in these seven villages of Takhar and Badakhshan. During the assessment findings, the 11 families living Nawabad Kakan village are living with host families and beside their damaged houses are not considered for the assessment as they are falling under Category B for shelter response. Thus, the analysis for the assessment covers 483 families who are severely affected in six villages in Takhar and Badakhshan provinces. Household Questionnaire was used for understand their risks, vulnerabilities and living conditions in the current shelters and identification of shelter needs. Focus Group Discussions at community level were held on WASH, Health and Food Security situation in all the villages assessed. Focus Group Discussion and observation was made by the technical team visited in relocated camp sites/identified land site for relocation/building shelters. The later was done by technical engineers using a check list. Whereas, for other assessments, both at the community level and household level a designed questionnaire was used. All the formats used for the assessment are enclosed in Annexure 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d.
The assessment teams were oriented by the Monitoring and Evaluation Coordinator, Senior Programme Coordinator and Head of Technical /Engineering Department. Location wise assessment team list are.
S. No. Name of the Name of the camp site Date(s) of Team Members involved villages Assessment 1 Darai Show Aqpara area of 10.08.2014 1. Asia Jan (Eshkamesh) Eshkamesh, but many 11.08.2014 2. Alia Jan have relocated in 12.08.2014 3. Lina Jan
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2 Dahane Shera Awraw/Kandak ; Chaman- 17.08.2014 4. Bahrullehsan (Eshkamesh) e-Mula Wazir and 18.08.2014 5. Jaj Shah Mohammad Nawabad e shir localities 6. En. Suhrab of Eshkamesh town 7. Arif Salangi 8. En. Wais 3 Khaja Khairab Kocha Bridge in 6th – 7th August WALI JAN, AHMAD JAN, SAYEED (Rustaq) Dashteqala dist. and 10th August 2014 JAWEED, HOWAIDA JAN, JAMILA Khaja Khairab village JAN, LAMIA JAN,AB RAOF 4 Eshkeshan Living near by the village 9th -10th August Monib, Eng Fridoon, Laila , (Argu) and in farms Arefa and Bsimillah 5 Kuzur (Argu) 6 Nawabad- Kakan (Argu) 7 Aijil (Yawan) Outside of Aijil village and 09.08.2014 Waris, Eng Murad , Eng Najeeb, Jangal area 10.08.214 Massoda and Masomullah 3. Demographic Profile
A reliable estimate of the total population size including age and gender distribution is important for planning the response. This information helps,
To be aware of the true population at risk including that of host population. To be aware of the estimated amount of basic needs required (food, water, shelter, health resources etc). To be able to have a consensus for supporting response plans by the host families, government agencies and donors. To have this information which can act as baseline information for programme monitoring and evaluations To plan long-term solutions including contingencies and future mitigations.
The overall population in these sites is 3,380 from 483 families, with an approximately 7 persons per family
Name of the Total No. of No. of Any new Infants (less Pregnan Sl.No village number women Family born (one than 1 year) t . of headed Member month old) Woman families families s B G B G in the assessed assessed family 1 Khaja Khairab 118 1 791 5 4 28 11 19 2 Eshkamesh 212 0 1491 27 11 115 2 60 IDP camp 3 Eshkeshan 29 0 220 3 3 5 0 15 4 Nawabad 13 0 82 1 0 3 2 4 5 Kuzur 42 2 306 2 0 9 9 16 6 Aijil 69 12 490 3 3 18 7 16 Total 483 15 3380 41 21 178 31 130
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The demographic features of these camps are as follows:
28 % are children < 5 Yrs. (with about 271 < 1 year) 29% are children < 18 yrs. 41% are adults < 60 yrs. 2% are elderly > 60 yrs. and about 1.5% are persons with disability (including war-related disabilities) 8.02% of the population is Infants (271 in real number) out of which 62 are less than one month old (at the time of assessment). About 55% of the families have reported to have infants living in their shelters. About 16% of the families assessed have new born children at the time of the assessment (less than 4 weeks). 34% of the families assessed have pregnant women (130 pregnant women, with highest in Eshkamesh camp of 46%).
With the onset of winter just couple of months away, there is need for safeguard the lives of these vulnerable families with high infants and pregnant families living in these temporary shelters.
4. Type of Shelter
Though, temporary shelters constitute a crucial step of recovery and reconstruction in the post- disaster aftermath. The plans for executing reconstruction and rehabilitation phases to incubate the affected population from the onset of the disaster until permanent housing solutions are available. This area of study likes to know how the affected communities have chosen their shelter options at the time of the assessment. In April and May, Concern, ANDMA, UNHCR and other NGOs have provided temporary shelter solutions to these affected communities. However, due to extreme weather conditions, poor service provisions and neglect of aid agencies to respond to the needs of these communities, forced them to adapt different shelter options. They have their livelihood activity (mostly related to harvest, but still live in make shift /tents).
The highest number of families living in tents is from Khaja Khairab, Rushtaq are living in tents, i.e. 111 out of 118 families and in Eshkeshem camp location, and about 140 out of 212 are living in tents in the identified relocation sites. The assessment discussed the options people followed immediately after the disaster for shelters are based on the following priorities. To remain as close as possible to their damaged or ruined homes and their means of livelihoods To move temporarily into the homes of families or friends (host families) To improvise temporary shelters as close as possible to the site of their ruined homes (These shelters frequently evolve into rebuilt houses) To occupy buildings which have been temporarily requisitioned To occupy tents erected in, or next to, their ruined homes To occupy emergency shelters provided by external agencies To occupy tents on camp sites To be evacuated to distant locations (compulsory evacuation).
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Type of shelter (in %)
Series1
Others 7%
Tent 75%
Animal barn / sheds 0%
collectively in building 0%
In unfinished building 1%
With host families (no Rent) 14% Rental with host families 1% Rental Private House 0%
The study instrument found out that still 75% of the affected families stay in the tents. They go to their village or neighborhood villages for livelihood work and return back to the shelter in the nights. About 14% of the families shared that they are living with host families. About 7% have other options like staying in tents attached to a damaged building or in their villages where
Sl.No Name of the Total Type of Shelter (write the option) . village number a. Living believin Calving delving e. Living f. Living g. Tent h. of in rental g with with host in collectivel in Others families assesse private host families/re unfinish y with Animal (please house families latives (no ed other barn / specify) d (rental) rent building families in sheds in a centres room (shops etc) 1 Khaja 118 1 1 111 5 Khairab 2 Eshkamesh 212 1 3 49 3 0 1 140 14 IDP camp 3 Eshkeshan 29 0 2 9 0 0 0 13 4 4 Nawabad 13 4 1 8 5 Kuzur 42 1 1 6 2 23 9 6 Aijil 69 1 68 Total 483 2 6 70 6 0 2 363 32
Payment made for those who rented their houses,
- 84% of the people living in rental houses have shared that they paid rental in form of cash. The cash is paid from their earnings from their daily wage labour work in the district centres. - 5% have informed that they pay rental from their crops or exchange of animal/livestock - 11% have informed that they paid cash from the humanitarian aid they have received (either in cash or kind) - The average rental paid is 4,000 Afs per month i.e. approximately 72 USD.
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Temporary shelters provided Yawan for Aijil landslide threat evacuated families Photo:
5. Conditions of living in the shelters
The communities have mentioned that the shelters are meant for the following key functions.
Protection against cold, heat, wind and rain Storage of belongings and protection of property, food and other essential items Provides an opportunity to recoup from the shocks and restore their lost livelihoods Emotional security and also need for privacy Location to access relief and services
% of responses on the current living conditions 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Living space conditions Living in crowded space Living space conditions Live with animals and stocks together Living space conditions Feel the space don't protect from weather Living space conditions Insecure for women and girls
1- Khaja Khairab, 2- Eshkamesh IDP camp, 3- Eshkeshan, 4- Nawabad, 5 – Kuzur and 6- Aijil
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Name of the Total Living space conditions (no) Sl. No. village number of Living in Living in Live Feel the Insecure families adequate crowded with space for assessed space space animals don't women and protect and girls stocks from together weather
1 Khaja Khairab 118 89 80 33 103 78 2 Eshkamesh IDP 212 165 25 44 70 70 camp 3 Eshkeshan 29 19 4 1 9 1 4 Nawabad 13 11 3 1 5 0 5 Kuzur 42 31 10 2 10 1 6 Aijil 69 67 57 36 2 20 483 382 179 117 199 170
Overall, 39% of the responders have mentioned that the living camp sites of overcrowded. However, 79% responders mentioned that the space provided in the camp sites is adequate. 39% informed that the space don’t protect from extreme weather conditions. 24% mentioned of the place is not safe for girls and women. The IDP camp sites of Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh have more issues concerning the safety of women and girls in the camp site.
6. Density of Population living in a tent & make shift tent
The more number of people living in a tent can cause more harm especially in spread of contiguous diseases in the camp sites. The humanitarian response of Concern, UNHCR and ANDMA has taken care in most of the cases to provide adequate space and tents to suite the families and the needs. However, about 36% of the families still have inadequate space and more than 7 persons are living in the tents.
Population density in one room/tent in % Sl.No. Name of the village c. More a. Less than 5 b. 5-7 than 7 1 Khaja Khairab 39 30 31 2 Eshkamesh IDP camp 37 40 24 3 Eshkeshan 28 17 55 4 Nawabad 23 54 23 5 Kuzur 24 31 45 6 Aijil 32 32 36 Overall % 30 34 36
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Persons living in one single tent (in %)
30% Population density in one 36% room/tent in % a. Less than 5 Population density in one room/tent in % b. 5-7 Population density in one room/tent in % c. More than 7
34%
In Eshkamesh camp site, Bibi, widow of Taja Khan mentioned, in agony that,” why the government took me away from Dahane Shera to this place. I have no tent, no spare clothes, no food and no water. How can I am expected live here longer?” Bibi’s two sons have migrated to Iran and are not supporting her. She thus lived with her daughter and son-in-law. Her daughter, Hawa Gul and Abdul Qaliq, son-in-law have 10 children. They were provided with a tent which is livable for about 5 only.
7. Risk Factors
In Eshkamesh camp site, the fear of eviction from Aq Para camp site exists from the day one of their movement to the location. The flood victims of Dahane Shera and Darai Show were relocated to the same location about three years back, but they were evicted by the military personnel as the land belongs to the defense forces. This constant fear of eviction, the inadequate supply of water, poor sanitation facilities, high incidence of diseases and extreme weather made them to abandon the camp site and moved to dispersed to Abraw/Kandak, Shera Che and Quslaq Sabiq Shari Kona with host families, few in rented accommodation, few others shifted their tents in the open spaces provided by the local merchants/traders and few others moved back to the village to live in the tents.
In Aijil and Khaja Khairab, the fear of landslides made them not to return to their village and continued to stay in the camp site and live in tents. Households were asked what was stopping him from returning to their homes. 75% of them have mentioned that their houses are damaged fully; livelihood assets like land, gardens and animals/livestock have lost. With exception to Dahane
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Shera and Dahane Show, rest of the camp sites, men and women in the day time return back to their lands which are located nearby for harvesting and continue their livelihood interventions. Whereas the Eshkamesh camp site, most of the men work as wage labour in the district centre and nearby agriculture fields for harvest related works.
Sl.N Name of the Total Risk factors (%) o. village number of Weather Soil Drainage Infrastructu Dispos Others families conditio conditio contaminati re condition al from (please assessed ns ns on the specify) house 1 Khaja 118 99 76 7 14 2 30 Khairab 2 Eshkamesh 212 87 58 61 75 45 25 IDP camp 3 Eshkeshan 29 83 93 55 38 21 0 4 Nawabad 13 77 69 38 38 0 0 5 Kuzur 42 79 62 48 26 0 14 6 Aijil 69 67 74 28 70 19 10
In the camp sites, the extreme weather conditions were cited as the risk factor for the inhabitants. The July-August period is summer period in North-East Afghanistan. Along with extreme heat, dust and heat waves create problem for people living in open spaces. The poor waste disposal and poor sanitation conditions were reported by Eshkamesh and other camp sites in comparison to Khaja Khairab. In the later case, there were adequate number of latrines and bath facilities provided by the NGOs, whereas in other sites, there is no such facilities exist.
Others (please specify) 13
Disposal from the house 14
Infrastructure condition 44
Drainage contamination 39
Soil conditions 72
Weather conditions 82
0 20 40 60 80 100
Series1
The other risk factors which were reported by exclusively by Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh camp sites are,
Poisonous creatures, creepers, snakes, scorpions theft of tent
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loss of tent (holes) very small and inadequate tents High incidence of diahorea, mosquito bites, insect bites, cold, high fever 8. Reasons for staying outside the tents or leaving the camp sites
Except Aijil, where the government and ANDMA have shifted them from their village to different locations near Jangal area of Yawan district in threat of landslides, the other communities were living in the camp sites since they were relocated either by the government or by self since the disaster.
Villages Date Moved to By Current Location 14th April Kokcha Bridge, Continue to stay in the Khaja Khairab 2014 Dashteqala district Government same location Moved to different villages around Eshkamesh district centre and about 12 returning back to village Dahane Show Aq Para Camp site, but have purchased land and Darai near Eshkamesh near Eshkamesh (will Shera 3rd May 2014 District Centre Government return back) Staying near road side and Road side/in their open spaces near to the Eshkeshan 2nd May 2014 farm fields Self village Returned back to their village and living in tents Road side/in their adjacent to their damaged Nawabad 2nd May 2014 farm fields Self houses/ with host families Staying near road side and Road side/in their open spaces near to the Kuzur 2nd May 2014 farm fields Self village 22 families have rebuilt their houses near the market place, about 69 are 6th August Jangal Area/ living in tents of the Aijil 2014 outskirts of Aijil Government/Self relocated sites
People have adapted different coping mechanisms in the camp sites. During the day time, they live out in the shade or created small makeshift tents using local materials and kept all their household essentials in the tents. Only during night, women and children are sleep inside the tents and men sleep out in open. The extreme heat and winds makes the tents inhabitable during day time. Poor services from the government especially in provision of drinking water, running health camps and food aid were identified as factors for leaving the camp.
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In percentages Reasons for staying Outside the camp Sl. Name of the Total Bad No basic In Securit Abuse by Gender Others No village number condition services secure y authoritie based (specify . of s in the provisione due to threats s and violenc ) families camp d weathe / others e assesse r, Unsafe d location 1 Khaja 118 54 65 61 59 6 47 Khairab 2 Eshkamesh 212 77 99 91 42 7 35 9 IDP camp 3 Eshkeshan 29 48 45 7 3 0 4 Nawabad 13 38 54 15 5 Kuzur 42 40 57 52 12 2 10 6 Aijil 69 81 7 71 16 3 3
In Eshkamesh camp site, the poor services provisioning (91%), extreme weather conditions (99%), poor conditions (99%), unsafe and threats (42%) and about 35% reporting violence against women are the reasons for shifting down to different locations in Eshkamesh and abandoning the Aq Para camp on 17th July 2014. The Khaja Khairab communities living in Kokcha bridge site, mentioned that, the unsafe tents without access to basic services including food, water, proper shelter and sanitation facilities adds up to the mental trauma of the people.
Women find it very difficult in day time and only defecate at nights. Both in Aq Para and Kokcha bridge sites, women and girls have mentioned that, they are in fear of scorpions and snake bites in the night while they go out for defecation. The environmental hygiene and sanitation is very poor in the emergency shelter sites. Increased domestic workload to secure food, increased number of women headed households and increased pressure on women to collect dry wood and fuel. Even in such traditional society and restrictive norms, still women are often seen to take on new roles and responsibilities in the post-disaster. About 47% and 35% of the responders of Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh camp site have mentioned the gender related protection issues as risk factor of staying in these temporary shelters.
9. Access to Land and shelter construction
86% of the families are willing to shift to transitory or durable permanent shelters in the new locations which enables them to access their livelihood options and nearer to their old village. 54% of Eshkamesh camp site have mentioned that they don’t have adequate money for contributing to shelter construction as they have spent most of their incomes, relief provided by philanthropic individuals and even sold their assets for purchase of land. The government’s failure to provision lands to these families is the major hurdle in shelter construction. At the time of survey closure, the land related issue was one of the major concern, with 75% have mentioned of no land availability. However, the communities themselves or with the support of the government, the either purchased or are under verification in Takhar province and Aijil village of Badakhshan province.
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Sl.No. Name of the village Land for building permanent/transitory shelter Families Land is Land is Land is Land is assessed purchase purchased identified but not d and but no not availabl have legal legal allocated/canno e documen document t afford to buy t but it. communit y assurance exists 1 Khaja Khairab 83 4 46 51 2 Eshkamesh IDP camp 145 59 5 10 28 3 Eshkeshan 29 3 3 93 4 Nawabad 13 8 92 5 Kuzur 42 5 0 9 86 6 Aijil 69 3 97 381 68 8 78 447
It was only on 19th August, the Provincial Government of Badakhshan has announced to allocate land for 126 assessed families in the new Abb-e- Bareek relocation site. Badakhshan officials are negotiating with different land owners in Yawan and Faizabad to provision land for 69 families living in the tents of Aijil as well. In Takhar, the three locations chosen by the District Governor but documentation process have not been finalized. However, the village elders have mentioned that, in case the government does not provide land, the 212 families are willing/ in the process of buying land nearer Eshkamesh in Abraw and Shera Che areas. At any cost they would not be back in Darai Show/Dahane Shera and sought assistance needed to build shelters. Takhar Governor offered land at LAS site in Baharak (which had proved unsuitable for returnee 5 years ago) and near to Taloqan town 50 km from their village. The distance from land and other livelihood assets, and no livelihood plan made this unacceptable. The allocation plan of government land in Dashti Qala was considered but “powerful locals did not accept to allocate land near to their current (Kocha Bridge) location”. The community elders are negotiating with local land owners to sell land for shelter construction near to the existing camp site. Currently, Concern and the provincial government officials, including RRD and town planning department are reviewing the land documents produced by Eshkamesh and Khaja Khairab communities.
10. Shelter Options and Winterisation priorities
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The majority of 84% have mentioned of permanent shelter as a solution for their safety and security. However, the land purchase is emerging as major option for the affected communities across the six shelter locations (7 villages). People also prefer to stay in Tents but need weather (extreme winter) proof transitory shelters rather than living in the current tents. Few of the households have suggested staying with relatives or friends on rental basis.
Shelter options (%)
Those having land 50 Those who are Living in tents 40 purchasing Land 31 30 20 Living in unfinished Those who are 10 3 4 45 houses expecting govt. to… 4 0 Series1 6 1 7 Living in community 13 Living with host land/ property families (relatives)…
Living in rooms (for Living in rental partial rent of host… houses
Name of the The shelter /non-shelter options people suggest village Those Those Those Living Living Living Living in Living in Living havin who are who are with in in communit unfinishe in g purchasin expectin host rental rooms y land/ d houses tents land g Land g govt. families house (for property to (relative s partial allocate s) for rent of land free host families ) Khaja 40 8 16 0 10 4 30 Khairab Eshkamesh 5 1 27 2 4 3 2 4 17 IDP camp Eshkeshan 0 7 55 0 14 0 10 0 21 Nawabad 0 8 46 15 15 0 46 Kuzur 2 7 48 10 19 0 12 5 36 Aijil 10 3 57 4 9 6 4 9 36
Since the April/May landslides and floods in May 2014, housing solution to help families leave camps have fallen broadly speaking into four categories
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- Transitional Shelters: Keeping in view of the seasonality and pro-long winters and the short duration left, this was by far the most common housing solution provided. - Repairs to existing damaged houses: Repairing to the damaged houses provided technically complex, as the affected families fear of reoccurrence of floods /landslides would place them at high risk. Necessary protective measures are to be taken while repairing existing damaged houses and retrofitting them. This option is not accepted by the affected families. The option of having additional room construction in host families was also not acceptable to the affected families. - Permanent Housing Construction: In Argu district, the houses are so badly damaged that they were in need of demolition. Again construction in situ was not encouraged by the communities in fear of the reoccurrence of landslides and flash floods. The allocation of land either by the government or by the families themselves is taking longer period. The displaced families in the case of Khaja Khairab, Dahane Shera and Darai Show in Takhar province and Aijil in Yawan district of Badakhshan are living in a camp like situation. Permanent solutions for these internally displaced persons are getting delayed due to unclear land allocation and poor services delivered either by NGOs or Government. - Rental support through cash transfers: Supporting families by offering them the chance to rent a safe house of their choice in the neighbourhood of their choice. This approach can take several forms which fall into one of the three categories. o Families who entered into a formal rental agreement with a house owners.(majority of cases) o Families who moved in with a host family (relative/friend). The financial assistance has been broadly termed rent. The assistance will be re-assessed and informal agreement can be explored in the case of the family has moved to their parents’ home o The families who moved out of the camps to live in different towns and surrounding villages will receive the funds to rent or moved in with a host family at their chosen destination. The support of cash for rental option for Badakhshan has emerged due to the following reasons: - The reconstruction support for these affected families would be longer process. The options for transitory and permanent shelters are difficult at the moment as there are no clear land titles and allocations made. In addition, the construction of transitory and permanent shelters will take longer duration and is not feasible with the shortage of time and the winter fast approaching. Primarily the rental option provides an opportunity for the affected families to choose where to stay and continue their livelihood options rather than get displaced and engulf into negative coping strategies due to loss of livelihoods. Transitory Shelter Options for Takhar Province - 194 families out of 212 families have already purchased land and the land titles and transfers are confirmed by the Provincial Government authorities. The single room and double room shelters based on the size of the family will be worked out. The rest of 18 families are in process of identification of land and find ways to purchase them. This will be taking couple of weeks but will be feasible within the project implementation period. - 118 families of Khaja Khairab living in Dashteqala (near Kokcha Bridge) area are yet to access land. They are exploring two options, one is the current land purchase by the community
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and the government is in its final stages and it is expected that the land allocation will be made in couple of weeks’ time, before the implementation of the project. In case of failure to get the deal on land, the current location belongs to the government and it can be lobbied with the government to allow tenure rights for one to two years for the communities to stay in the same location and built transitory shelters or till some permanent solutions are met.
While discussing the shelter options, the communities were consulted to understand their traditional customs and practices in building their shelters/homes. Traditional construction standards have one room for the parents and another room for the children. If some of the people have more resources, they build one extra room for young girls of the family, so that they will provide separate rooms for boys and girls. The bathroom and latrine are not priority for them in their traditional homes and they have used to defecate in the open area and taken bath in animal stables or even open space. However, in the interviews undertaken in the camp sites, the latrines have emerged as the major need, especially for women and girls. The fear of insect bites, snakes and scorpions in the dark and lack of privacy during day, women and girls have shown their concern. Though the communities desire to have permanent and durable shelters with two rooms with a kitchen, latrine and bathroom, but due to constrains in resources, they have agreed for one room shelter. People have mentioned that they would construct kitchen and bath facilities on their own after the construction of one room shelter. The traditional construction model has no deep foundations. They don’t have a foundation of stone masonry and most of the houses have soil mud foundations and the super structure is from sundried bricks. The roofing is straw mud roofing. The height of the buildings doesn’t exceed 2.5m, and the width of the rooms is not more than 3 m. They normally put less opening and small windows due to cold weather, but for Eshkamesh they have stone masonry with mould mortar because the area which they want to build shelter has saline and loamy soils.
There are very little NFIs with the IDPs for their winterisation and thus there is greater demand of provisioning of winterisation kits in Khaja Khairab Ab. Photo: Waliullah
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NFI needs for winterisation (%)
Series1
other NFI needs (Specify) 31%
cooking and heating fuel 84%
Kitchen Utensils 94%
WASH NFI 77%
Mats, Blankets 78%
Clothing 87%
Families who had lost everything when their house was washed away or lost in the landslides stated a need for all items. The land related and shelter related are dealt in the earlier analysis, as new land for rebuilding their shelters/homes is an underlying request for the entire group. Based on the responses to the questions, the families have sought NFIs for winterisation. They supplies provided by the relief agencies are inadequate to meet the severe winters of the locality, where at times, it will go much lower than -15° Celsius. Kitchen utensils, clothing, cooking fuel, Mats and blankets, and WASH materials have emerged as essential NFI needs (as per the above diagram). The other NFI needs includes, shoes, shovels, Bukaris (heating materials) etc.
11. Market Assessment of Shelter Materials
The market assessment was carried out in four locations of the study areas and found out that the quality of construction materials are better quality in comparison to Badakhshan. The major construction materials costs in different locations vary from one another. In Eshkamesh, the prices are higher in comparison to Rushtaq. However, in all the locations there is fairly availability of shelter materials in the local markets ranging from 150-200 shelter homes. There is no major price fluctuations noticed at this point of time. However, there is greater demand of new shelter constructions by NGOs and the government, it was anticipated by the merchants and traders that there may be slight increase in prices.
The quality of materials in Eshkamesh, Rushtaq and Taloqan were mentioned good by the assessment teams. In both Faizabad and Yawan markets the materials quality was mentioned as fair and acceptable.
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SN Items Quantities Specifications Eshkamesh Rushtaq Faizabad Yawan Price at Price at Price at Price at different different different different locations locations locations locations 1 Wooden poles from 21 per shelter L = 4m, 600 Afs 350 Afs 600 450 local safidar wood dia=13cm 2 Wooden planks 30 per shelter From khar 600-Afs 560 Afs 520 600 wood, L=6m, thick=2cm, d=20cm 3 Bamboo Mat(borya) 13 per shelter L=4m, b=60cm 130Af 200 Afs 200 200 4 Door(0.8*2m) 1 per shelter From khar 2800-Af 3500 Afs 4000 4200 wood with hard wares the boards are 8.5*6.5cm 5 Window(1.2*1.5m) 1 per shelter From wood 2000-Af 3500 Afs 3000 3500 with hard wares, the boards are 8.5*6.5cm 6 Window(1.5*1.5m) 1 per shelter From khar 2500 4000 Afs 3300 4400 wood with hard wares, the boards will be 8.5*6.5cm 7 Nail 7kg per shelter Chines 80-Af 70 Afs 75 120 8 Glass 2.25 per 4mm thick 185-Af 300 Afs 1600 1800 shelter 9 Wooden pole for 3 per shelter Local 350-Af 350 Afs 350 200 lintle(L=2m, dia=13cm) 10 Wooden pole for 6 per shelter local 400-AF 250 Afs 500 280 lintle(L=2.5m, dia=13cm) 11 Oil paint 1kg per shelter Cover up 130-Af 130 Afs 175 160 12 Shovel with handles 1 per shelter Chinese with 230-AF 180 Afs 190 220 local handle 13 Pickax with handles 1 per shelter Chinese with 230-AF 200 Afs 230 220 local handle 14 Sludge Hummer with 1 per shelter 7kg with local 600-AF 100 Afs 850 870 handle handle 15 Wheel barrow 1 per shelter Mazari with 2200-AF 2000 Afs 2400 1800 Iranian tire and tubes and russian profile 16 String, thread 1 roll per Iranian 100m 50-AF 50 Afs 50 50 shelter 17 Brick form (khosht 1 per shelter Local 2 set 700-AF 1200 Afs 1.2 3 Kham) 18 Bucket (normal size) 1 per shelter Local 150 Afs 150 150
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12. Food Security and Livelihoods
Using the primary and secondary information available at this early stage, the current situation in the affected areas is broadly estimated as IPC (Integrated Phase classification) mentioned in the following page, using the indicators mentioned in the format shown to estimate based on the observations, Food security assessment and WFP’s VAM report. This report and its recommendations are based on the data collected using the rapid Food Security Assessment Tool (adapted from 48 Hr tool). This assessment report provides programming information for the next 6 to 8 weeks of food security & livelihood response activities.
No. requiring food assistance (in-kind or cash) - 330 families/ 2045 ind Gap in food needs (based on disruptions to household food sources) - 45% No. requiring immediate support in protecting livelihood assets - families / ind No. requiring immediate support in restarting livelihood activities - 170 families/1190 ind This indicates that dietary diversity has remained deteriorated since the shock with consumption of pulses, vegetables , meat and poultry ,eggs ,milk and milk products , fats , sugar having been most affected. One of the cereals also affected in their food consumption is rice. Rice is one of the essential items people have mentioned in the other food needs. The following diagram mentions of the food needs for this forthcoming winter months.
Essential Food needs for winter 90 80 70 60 50 40
Axis Title Axis 30 20 10 0 Dry Flour Sugar Fuel Salt Pulses Oil Food Series1 67 78 78 78 45 44 56
The livelihood assets that are in danger of being lost due to sale or death are: goats and sheep (livestock) Livelihood activities that cannot start due to shock / loss of assets are: o Crop cultivations The livelihood activities that need to be restarted in the next two months are: Agriculture restoration Livestock destocking Wage labour creation through either food for work or cash for work initiatives in infrastructure development in the shelter rehabilitation programmes. Direct cash transfers /food aid to the vulnerable households
There was swift response in provision of food items from WFP and utensils from NGOs to all the affected families. There were some individual donors and merchants voluntarily provided food
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DRAFT VERSON 2 items as well. However, there is a huge short-fall in supplying cooking fuel, either wood or gas. The gas cylinders provided under NFI kits were empty and there was no mechanism to fill these gas stoves. The IPC phase classification is enclosed in Annexure 1 of the report.
Food Dietary Diversity Score To calculate Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), the assessment used 16 food types which are locally consumed and categorised them into various sections. Of the 16 food diversity types, the affected people had a HDDS score of 0.625 before the disaster. The situation is worsened with HDDS of 0.437 after the shock. This indicates that dietary diversity has drastically come down despite of having food aid. The food aid provided mostly had flour, oil and pulses. However, there is great shortfall in vegetables, meat, fruits, even in pulses, sugar, poultry/egg, milk and milk products.
Food Sources and Food Gaps (Access and Availability) According to the data collected, most households are facing a gap of 45% food gap despite of having food aid access in the initial phase of relocation in the sites. This is in comparison to access to food in the pre-shock period. There is significant impact of floods and landslides on the different food sources, e.g. floods in Dahane Shera and Darai Show has destroyed stand crops, garden and in many cases the land itself was washed away in the floods. This has resulted in significant reduction in food consumed from own production. There is reduction in purchase as well in post shock period in comparison to pre-disaster. The purchase power has come down as in the new locations, no one is giving any credit and the wage labour was much lower than usual as there is greater supply of labour in the towns and thus people have worked at much lower wages. About 81% of the families interviewed have mentioned of working at low wages. The purchase power is also impacted as there is no space for storing food items. Few families informed that there was some complaints of food items were stolen in their tents. Livestock production was low as many lost their livestock. Few sold livestock in exchange of food stocks. In adequate space to store fodder and this year the fodder shortage is highly expected and people are ready to sell their animals at distress rates despite of having better market prices of livestock. In Khaja Khairab and few families in Eshkamesh camp site have informed that the wage labour is also reduced due to men can’t go out of the camp because they don’t like their women to be alone in the tents and fear of any abuse. The food aid support from aid agencies is the major source of food in post disaster. The reasons for such huge gap are due to: Large extent of land is damaged due to floods and the water streams and irrigation canals were damaged by the floods. The rainfed wheat sown in March/April is entirely damaged will result to significant reduction in food consumed from own production. The loss of productive livelihood assets, valuable goods and money due to landslides and currently don’t have any purchasing power. There are few merchants provide food on credit basis but are very expensive and many merchants are not ready to lead to these resettled families especially in case of Khaja Khairab. The dependency on purchase of food likely to increase but with is unsustainable as there is shortage of income and limited income sources. - The majority of the households depend on wage labour for livelihoods. The labour demand exists at the time of harvest in and neighbouring provinces; and in non-agriculture period work as daily wage labour in nearby district centres or towns. There is no food for work initiated in the village currently, but people expect some food for work programme in this year to meet food shortages. Food Aid for next few months is emerging as major needs of the community.
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The current cost of purchasing a week’s worth of food (three meals a day) and cooking fuel for the average household in the local market is estimated at 1600 Afs (local currency) or 30 USD (Approx.)
Livelihood Asset Ownership and Potential loss 56% of the affected families own large and/or small livestock and is 80% in Dahane Shera and Darai Show villages of Eshkamesh. Lack of space for animals, which have started arriving from Shewa (the pasture lands in North of Badakhshan). There is no space for storing fodder. Spread of diseases among animals is major concern and more important is the shelter for animals, where there is greater fear of losing them in this winter. In adequate water supply is also affecting animal health care. Agriculture lands are damaged especially in Kuzur and Eshkeshan in Argu districts and Dahane Shera and Darai Show in Eshkamesh districts. There is great short fall of agriculture seeds (the stored seeds were sold for food). In Eshkamesh, land loss is identified as a major damage and loss due to floods.
Livelihood Activities now and next two months The most critical livelihood assets used by the majority of the families at risk of loss are livestock and agriculture. More of livestock in Eshkamesh where as it is high on agriculture in Argu district and Khaja Khairab. In all the villages, agriculture, agriculture tools and small shops in the village were lost. Livelihoods activities that can feasibly be re-started or continued (provided required support and assets are made available) in the next 2 months are: Agriculture (due to the sowing season is in mid-October), small business (promotes local markets as we have observed in Abb-e-Bareek), swing and embroidery , skilled work in shelter sites (can be initiated with adolescent girls and women under various skill based trainings) and wages earning opportunities (cash for work and food for work for infrastructure restoration in the resettlement villages). Key assets required to re-start livelihoods activities in the next 2 months are: Seeds, fertilizers, tool kit, , sewing machine/needle, threads and cloths Destocking in autumn and restocking in Spring with veterinary and fodder support will be ideal for Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh resettled families Markets and Price Monitoring
There are markets and shops for essential food and non-food items within an acceptable distance from the affected communities. There are functional and accessible local markets in the affected areas that provide most essential household food items. There are functional and accessible local markets in the affected areas that provide most essential household livelihood items. Local markets are physically accessible and are safely accessible to the men in the affected population. Local markets are physically accessible and are safely accessible to the women in the affected population.
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The prices of the essential commodities assessed in mid-August is same to that of the end of July 2014 rates in Faizabad (Taloqan has more or less have the similar price of that of Faizabad), but in Eshkamesh the price of oil and rice is higher at 114 Afs and 70 Afs per kg respectively.
Current Price per Kg Sl.No. Name of the Items Kabul Mazar Faizabad 1 Wheat 25.0 20.3 23.0 2 Wheat Flour 29.0 29.0 34.8 3 Rice High Quality 96.5 84.3 95.0 4 Rice Low Quality 50.0 40.5 50.0 5 Cooking Oil 80.9 78.0 100.0 Sheep (less than 1 yr., 6 Female) 5500.0 6200.0 5300.0 Terms of trade (casual 7 Labour vs Wheat) Kgs 14.0 13.3 13.0 Terms of trade (Sheep vs 8 Wheat) 220.0 306.3 230.4 Terms of trade (casual 9 Labour vs Wheat Flour) 12.1 9.3 8.6 Terms of trade (Sheep vs 10 Wheat flour) 189.7 213.8 152.5 Source: WFP/VAM market data from Afghanistan main cities (Kabul, Mazar, Faizabad) Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) – World Food Programme (WFP), Afghanistan (End of July - reported in August 2014)
The prices of Faizabad are relatives higher than that of the general trend in North and Central part of Afghanistan. The prices of the essential commodities are higher in the remote markets of Yawan, Eshkamesh and Rushtaq. The terms of trade between casual labours to wheat is lowest in Badakhshan due to low wage labour rates and increased price rates of wheat flour. The terms of trade for livestock is also lowest in Faizabad market in comparison to all major markets of Northern Afghanistan. Though, there is a generally higher price for sale of livestock but not in the case of Badakhshan. The average work days in July in Badakhshan is reported to be less than 12 days. Coping Mechanisms Assessment respondents were asked what they would able to contribute to any future shelter activities. The majority of them from Eshkamesh IDP camp site and Khaja Khairab communities have mentioned that they have already exhausted their savings, aid resources and sold their assets to purchase land. In the initial phases of relief, they expected the government to respond and provide them land but as the winter is fast approaching and no indication of any support, they have purchased land near Eshkamesh district centre and Dashteqala areas respectively. Thus, the affected families have mentioned that they can contribute in form of labour and need assistance in form cash/kind and shelter materials. In Argo district, they were expecting to get land from the government either allocating it in Abb-e-Bareek or near Begum Bridge enrooted to Rushtaq. A number of coping mechanisms were observed in these communities. - Sale of Livestock (female livestock) at lower rate than market price - Sale of assets including agriculture tools - Reduced consumption of food
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- Among women and girls, the consumption of food is reduced during day time due to cultural taboo of not to be seen defecating out in open - Marrying off young girls (many below 15 years) in return for bride money - Keeping the livestock with relatives in exchange of kids and calves There is high stress levels observed by the assessment teams in these families and most of men have expressed of uncertainty of how to cope with the forthcoming winters and restoring their livelihoods. Women have expressed more stress as the result of loss of property and assets, having to live in very small space and living in open with so many which they never experienced before. They are concerned about safety of their daughters and themselves. All these can impact on children’s psych-social wellbeing. Children have expressed post-trauma stress disorders. 13. WASH
Water and Sanitation related questions are included in the assessment and is considered as an important part of the shelter response. The bathroom and latrine are not priority for them in their traditional homes and they have used to defecate in the open area and taken bath in animal stables or even open space. However, in the interviews undertaken in the camp sites, the latrines have emerged as the major need, especially for women and girls. The fear of insect bites, snakes and scorpions in the dark and lack of privacy during day, women and girls have shown their concern.
13.1 Sanitation
There are no sanitary latrines with these families before the disaster; however they had dry pit latrines for children, women and aged to use in their villages. Most of the men defecate in open in nearby gullies which are earmarked for them. In all the camp and relocated sites, 89% of the respondents mentioned of open defecation are still in rampant. In Khaja Khairab it is little less due to construction of emergency latrines in their camp site. All children defecate out in open. 78% mentioned of poor drainage, 89% waste piling around the tents and thus causing poor hygiene and health related issues. As they tie up their animals (mostly donkeys) near to their tents and the animal excreta is another major issue of concern. People in these relocated tents also collect animal dung for their fuel and keep them near their tents. Both personal and environment hygiene education is the dire need in these camps.
Concerns related to sanitation 120 100 80 60
Axis Title Axis 40 20 0 Others Children Open Waste Lack of (specify) open Animal Defecatio water/ waste garbage defecatio Excreta n drainage collection near the n tents Series1 89 100 78 89 22 78
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13.2 Vectors
The discussion with the families reveled that there are various vectors which contribute in spread of diseases in these relocated sites. Being in open and adjacent to agriculture lands create huge problems for their food stocks. The families are exposed to the risk of rodents eating away their food stocks, cooked food (some time leads to contamination), mosquitos and flies are seen in abandon. The following diagram shows that 44% have mentioned of mosquitos as the major cause of illness in these camp site.
Disease spreading vectors
Series1
Others 22
Rodents 33
Houseflies 33
Mosquitos 44
13.3 Waste Disposal Mechanism
In communities have moved out the camp site in Eshkamesh and started relocated themselves nearer to the Eshkamesh district centre and are living in the open compounds of the host families and in market yards. In these locations, the town municipality (locally called as Mayor) provides drains and thus waste disposal is monitored by the local authorities. However, for solid wastes are thrown openly or bury them in the ground (33% respondents mentioned this as a mechanism). The majority of 55% have mentioned that they just throw waste in open.
Waste disposal mechanism
12% Sewage system by the authorities Septic tank
55% 33% Drilling and burying
Others
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13.4 Source of Drinking Water
Both in Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh IPD camp sites, the government initially supplied water through tankers. After a month, this supply was stopped to Eshkamesh IPD camp sites owning to non-payment of the tanker charges to the owner of the truck by the authorities. Concern did facilitate a meeting with RRD and UNICEF in Taloqan to address this issue but remained unresolved. These communities left high and dry that too during Ramadan fasting month, forced them to abandon the camp in Aq Para and move to Eshkamesh district centre where access to drinking water is much better. But in Khaja Khairab, the local administration is continuing the water supply through tinkering. Thus, 44% of the respondents mentioned of tinkering as source of water supply. Majority of the families collect water from open sources (about 45% from canals and 11% from nearby streams). There was a complaint from Khaja Khairab families that the tanker suppliers also collects water from the nearby river (Kokcha River) and supply the same to the families without any treatment.
Sources of drinking water supply
Distribution from Tanker Well Water 45% 44% Canal
River stream 11%
13.5 Quantity of water Though the access to water exists but it is insufficient to the affected families. The focused group discussions carried out with the communities mentioned that 78% of them have reported that the water is insufficient for drinking and domestic use. They mentioned that the water collected is sufficient for drinking purpose but not for other domestic uses like bathing, washing clothes and utensils, feeding to animals etc.
Quantity of water
11% 11%
Sufficient Partly 78% Insufficient
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13.6 Diseases and complaints
Living in open air for last three to four months, with inadequate access to water, poor sanitation, inadequate health care and exposed to high weather extremes are risks along with increase of communicable diseases, especially ARI and diarrhea. Diarrheal symptoms are mentioned by the respondents in the focused group discussions as the major cause of concern. 97% have mentioned that at one stage or other at least one of their family members was affected by diarrhea in past one month. That was cited as one of the major reason for abandoning the Aq Para camp site by the communities in Eshkamesh. Skin infections (about 27% families), due to exposure to severe heat and sun and inadequate bathing is another major complaint expressed by the families assessed. Eye infection which is on spread is mentioned of a cause of concern now.
Diseases and complaints 120
100 Diarrheal, 97 80
60
Axis Title Axis Series1 40 Skin, 27 Eye, 28 20
0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Axis Title
13.7 Hand wash practices Though many of the families do recognize the importance of hand wash but only 11% have mentioned of hand washing at critical times and about 56% mentioned of it partly and that too most of them don’t use soap for hand washing. 33% mentioned they never did hand washing at critical times. There is need to educate on hand washing in critical times using soaps.
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Handwash practices
56
33
11
Yes Partly No
Series1
14. Recommendations 14.1 Shelter 14.1.1 Land Allocation: The government’s decision to provision of land to the IDPs, to some extent from the highest office of the country is to be done at the earliest. The land allocation made for Argu district landslide and flood affected families is not yet transferred legally to the selected beneficiaries. The beneficiary selection itself is not clearly defined by the government. In case of Takhar, the government identified lands are not suitable for living and is far away from their livelihood resources. Thus, the communities have rejected the proposal of the government. Ever since, the government tried to find alternative solutions but finally the communities themselves have purchased land. Government need to extend its support in town planning in the relocated sites and provisioning of basis facilities and provide them recognition of the newly established villages. Provisioning of ID cards based on their relocation and recognising the land belongs to the individuals. Also identify some common land for infrastructure development like schools, mosques and health facilities under their mainstream programmes 14.1.2 Shelter design approved by the Shelter cluster to be adapted with feasibility, environment and DRR studies by the concerned NGO implementing the shelter programme. 14.1.3 Based on earlier developed Shelter Response Plan by Concern, which recommended for temporary/transitory shelters keeping in view of the funding constrains and emerging needs of the affected families during long winters in north-eastern regions of Afghanistan, the following options can be worked out. o To improve the living conditions and people in need at IDP camp sites (relief Camps) or support to host families to have adequate space for the families or transitory shelter support in situ or sites either purchased or distributed by the government/ voluntarily purchase. Minimum transitional / long term standards introduced by the Government – to ensure build back better approach to housing. The transitory shelter design should be based on minimum standards either to follow the shelter cluster design or Sphere Minimum Standards o To improve the service provision by Shelter/NFI cluster partners through enhanced coordination at clusters and responses to the NFI needs for winterisation.
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o Ensure support and capacity building of authorities and NGOs to facilitate coordinated and effective service delivery (with equality) in transit shelter/camps o The risk of secondary hazards like fire and diseases is reduced through mitigation measures and regular monitoring. o Integrate DRR measures especially earthquake resistance and above high flood level measures to be considered in shelter designs. o The demands of security and safety (protection issues for women and girls), latrines to be considered along with transitory shelters. 14.2 Food Security and Livelihoods 14.2.1 Winter provision of food aid by WFP to the affected families living in the camps to access food in the lean winters. 14.2.2 Based on the current assessment, we recommend for destocking in autumn/winters and provision for restocking with veterinary aid and fodder support in spring season. 14.2.3 The agriculture season starts in late September onwards in these villages. Thus, agriculture inputs support for livelihood recovery especially seeds, fertilisers and agriculture tools should be planned 14.2.4 There are many reconstruction activities take place in these relocated and newly constructed shelters. There is greater scope to support livelihoods of the vulnerable families in these locations like supporting to establishment of shops, tin sheet Bukaris (heaters) making units, mat weaving units etc. Thus, economic recovery can be initiated at the earliest. 14.2.5 Cash for work or food for work activities with some DRR initiatives can be started for infrastructure development like pavements, internal roads, drains and water harvesting models, ponds for water storage for animals etc can provided in these new settlements. 14.2.6 Provisioning of fuel wood and charcoal for heating. In many families who lost their household items, can be supported with Bukaris and wooden stoves for heating. 14.3 Drinking water: 14.3.1 Drinking water provisioning through dug out wells, gravity water flow systems and bore well/hand pumps based on the topography and availability of water. Use Sphere Minimum Standards to provide access to drinking water sources. Access to water will also speed up the construction of shelter works, as it helps in making bricks needed for the shelter construction and also for roofing and plastering. 14.3.2 Additional provisioning of drinking water storage facilities in all affected houses. 14.3.3 Provision for drinking water tubs for animals/livestock. 14.4 Sanitation: Construction of all-weather proof latrines and bath facilities. Have hot water facilities in the bath locations to provision hot water for bathing, washing and ablution. Provisioning of warming facilities in the bath facilities is another basic need during long winters. Construction of drains and solid waste management processes to be initiated in these resettled locations. 14.5 Health Services: Regular health camps to be conducted in the resettled camp sites/shelter sites. Need to pre-position emergency transportation facility for emergency health care to the nearest health centre to be planned. Pre-stocking of essential drugs for minor ailments, ART, cough and cold with CHWs and women Shura members. Even family health kits can be provided with basic first aid and sale on counter drugs/medicines for minor ailments. 14.6 Hygiene Education: NGOs and the government staff need to carry out hygiene education on personnel hygiene and environmental hygiene. Awareness and follow up sessions on hand wash practices, use of latrines, bathing and proper preparation of food are to be provided to families in these relocated sites.
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14.7 Coordination: The biggest challenge is coordination aspect between the NGOs, UN Clusters and the government. The leanings for past three months is that though there is will and intent among these players to respond to the emerging needs to these affected families exist but the intent rarely transferred into actions. There were many failed instances where the needs are left unmet. Thus, led to the affected families indulging in negative coping mechanisms. There are cramped resources to meet the needs of these communities. The initial phase of relief was done an integrated approach but later on the sectors were left to deal with their responses. Except for shelter, which has emerged as major need, the donors tried to provide funds but there is more than 50% gap still exists if all the commitments by donors realise by the end of autumn. So far, despite of the approval of the funds, less than 100 shelters were actually built (as per the Shelter Cluster Meeting dated 24th August 2014). There is need for other sector response plans to reach out and with the current funding situation, there will be many gaps in meetings the needs in other sectors.
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IPC classification1 based on the assessment in Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh IDP camp sites (Annexure 1)
Use the following tables to classify the context against the Based on FS Assessment Questionnaire IPC PHASE Livelihoods Assets Diet Diversity Water Availability / Access Generally Food Secure Generally sustainable utilisation Consistent quality/diversity Usually adequate (>15 ltr ppp day)
Moderately Food Insecure Stress/ unsustainable utilisation Chronic deficit Borderline adequate (15 ltr ppp day), unstable Acute Food Security and Accelerated/critical depletion, loss of access Acute deficit 7.5-15 ltr ppp day, through asset stripping Livelihood Crisis Humanitarian Emergency Near complete/irreversible depletion, loss of Regularly 3 or fewer groups consumed <7.5 ltr ppp day (human usage only access Famine / Humanitarian Effectively complete loss, collapse <4 ltr ppp day (human usage only) Catastrophe Based on Observation during FS Assessment IPC PHASE Civil Security Destitution / Displacement Diseases Generally Food Secure Prevailing and structural peace N/A Usual / stable
Moderately Food Insecure Unstable, tensions
Acute Food Security and Limited, low intensity conflict Emerging, diffuse Epidemic, increasing Livelihood Crisis Humanitarian Emergency Widespread, high intensity conflict Concentrated, increasing Pandemic Famine / Humanitarian Large scale, concentrated Catastrophe Based on Recent Secondary Data (if available/relevant) IPC PHASE Crude Mortality Acute Malnutrition (NRVA 2011/12) Food Access / Availability Coping Generally Food Secure <0.5/10,000/day NA <3% Usually adequate (>2100 kcal ppp N/A day), stable Moderately Food Insecure <0.5/10,000/day NA >3% but <10% (usual Borderline adequate (2100 kcal Insurance strategies U5MR<1/10,000/day range/stable) ppp day), unstable Acute Food Security and 0.5-1/10,000/day NA 10-15%, > usual, increasing 2100 kcal ppp day via asset Crisis strategies; CSI significantly Livelihood Crisis U5MR 1-2/10,000/day stripping > than reference Humanitarian Emergency 1-2/10,000/day NA >15%, > usual, increasing Severe gap, unable to meet 2100 Distress strategies; CSI U5MR>2/10,000/day kcal ppp day significantly > reference Famine / Humanitarian >2/10,000/day NA >30% Extreme gap, much below 2100 N/A Catastrophe kcal ppp day
1 http://www.ipcinfo.org/
Annexure 1.a : Household Questionnaire for Shelter and Winterization Options
ﭘرﺳش ﻧﺎﻣﮫی ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه و ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎی زﻣﺳﺗﺎﻧﯽ
ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت اﺳﺎﺳﯽ آﻣﺎر ﻧﻔوس Basic Demographic Information
ﻧﺎم ﻣﺻﺎﺣﺑﮫ ﺷوﻧده :Name of the Household Interviewed
ﺑﮫ ﺳرﭘرﺳﺗﯽ زن ﯾﺎ ﻣرد؟ :Whether the household is women headed or male headed family
ﺷﻣﺎر اﻋﺿﺎی ﺧﺎﻧواده (No. of family members : (use the data we have of each family
ﮐودک ﺗﺎزه ﺗوﻟد (ﮐﻣﺗر از ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎه)(Any new born babies (less than one month
ﮐودک ﮐﻣﺗر از ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎل Any infants (less than 1 year) babies
ﺧﺎﻧم ھﺎی ﺑﺎردار (ﺑﻠﯽ/ﻧﮫ)(Any pregnant women in the family (yes or no
ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه SHELTER
ﻧوﻋﯾت ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه Type of Shelter .1 a. Living in rental private house (if yes ask them what’s the rent paid, in cash or kind, if so what’s the amount of cash or how much in kind) زﻧده ﮔﯽ در ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ﺷﺧﺻﯽ ﮐراﯾﯽ (اﮔر ﺑﻠﯽ، از اﯾﺷﺎن ﺑﭘرﺳﯾد ﭼﮫ ﻣﻘدار ﭘول ﻣﯽ ﭘردازﻧد؟ ﭘول ﻧﻘد ﯾﺎ اﻣوال، اﮔر ﭘول ﯾﺎ اﻣوال ﻣﻘدار ﭼﻘدر اﺳت؟) زﻧده ﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧواده ﻣﯾزﺑﺎن (در ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ﮐراﯾﯽ) در ﯾﮏ اﺗﺎق b. Living with host families (rental) in a room زﻧده ﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧواده ﻣﯾزﺑﺎن/ﺧوﯾﺷﺎوﻧدان (ﻏﯾر ﮐراﯾﯽ)(c. Living with host families/relatives (no rent زﻧده ﮔﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎﻧﮫ زﯾر ﮐﺎر d. Living in unfinished building e. Living collectively with other families in centres (shops etc.) زﻧده ﮔﯽ ﮔروھﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی دﯾﮕر در ﻣراﮐز ﺟﻣﻌﯽ (ﻣﺎﻧﻧد دﮐﺎن ھﺎ و ﻏﯾره) زﻧده ﮔﯽ در طوﯾﻠﮫ ﯾﺎ ﺑرﻧده ھﺎی ھﺎی ﺑرای ﺣﯾواﻧﺎﻧت f. Living in Animal barn / sheds ﺧﯾﻣﮫ g. Tent دﯾﮕر (ﻟطﻔن ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد|)(h. Others (please specify اوﺳط ﻗﯾﻣت ﮐرا (اﮔر آن ھﺎ ﺑﮫ ﭘول ﯾﺎ اﻣوال ﻣﯽ ﭘردازﻧد.)(Average cost of rental (if they are paying in kind or in cash .2 ﭼﮕوﻧﮫ ﻣﯽ ﭘردازﻧد؟ ?How are they paying rent .3 ﭘرداﺧت از دراﻣد (ﮐﺎر روزاﻧﮫ)(a. Payment from earning (work ﭘرداﺧت از زراﻋت ﺷراﮐﺗﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣواﺷﯽ b. Payment from sharing of crop/livestock ﭘرداﺧت از ﻗرض c. Borrowing ﭘرداﺧت از ﮐﻣﮏ ھﺎی ﻣﺳﺗﻘﯾم و ﻏﯾر ﻣﺳﺗﻘﯾم ﺑﺷری d. Direct and indirect support from humanitarian Aid وﺿﻌﯾت ﻓﺿﺎی زﻧده ﮔﯽ Living Space conditions .4 ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎ در ﯾﮏ ﻓﺿﺎی ﻧﺎ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ زﻧد ﮔﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻧﻧد. a. Families living in an inadequate space زﻧده ﮔﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﻓﺿﺎی ﺷﻠوغ و ازدﺣﺎم b. Live in a crowded space زﻧده ﮔﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣواﺷﯽ و ﻣواد c. Live with animals and stock together اﺣﺳﺎس اﯾن ﮐﮫ ﻓﺿﺎی زﻧده ﮔﯽ از ھوا ﻣﺣﺎﻓظت ﻧﺷده. d. Feel the space does not protect from the weather اﺣﺳﺎس ﻧﺎ اﻣﻧﯽ (ﺑرای ﺧﺎﻧم ھﺎ و دﺧﺗرھﺎ)(e. Feel insecure (for women and girls 5. Population density in one room in the shelter? Family Members # in one room (average)
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DRAFT VERSON 2
ﺗراﮐم ﻧﻔوس در ﯾﮏ اﺗﺎق در ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه؟ اوﺳط اﻋﺿﺎی ﺧﺎﻧواده در ﯾﮏ اﺗﺎق ﮐﻣﺗر از 5 ﻧﻔر a. Less than 5 ﺑﯾن 5-7 ﻧﻔر b. Between 5-7 8 و ﺑﯾﺷﺗر از آن (ﺗﻌداد را ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد.)(c. 8 and more than that (specify the number
ﺷﻧﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋواﻣل ﺧطر در ﭘﯾوﻧد ﺑﮫ ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه ?Identify risk factors regarding shelters .6 (اﮔر ﻣﯾﺳر اﺳت، ﺑﯾﺷﺗر از ﯾﮏ ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ﻧﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺷود.)(If available, more than one option may be marked)
Weather Soil Drainage Infrastructure Disposal Others conditions conditions contamination condition from the (please (house specify وﺿﻌﯾت ﺳﺎﺧﺗﻣﺎن ھﺎ آﻟوده ﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب وﺿﻌﯾت ﺧﺎک وﺿﻌﯾت ھوا دﯾﮕر (ﻣﺷﺧص رﺳﯾده ﮔﯽ از ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) ﺧﺎﻧﮫ
ﻧﯾﺎز ﺑﮫ ﻣواد ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه و ﻣواد ﻏﯾر ﻏذاﯾﯽ Need for Shelter materials and NFIs .7 ﻟطﻔن ﻧﯾﺎز ﺑﮫ ھر ﻣواد ﻏﯾر ﻏذاﯾﯽ را ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد. Please specify need for each NFI below Need of NFIs Prioritized (1-5 ) ﻧﯾﺎز ﺑﮫ ﻣواد ﻏﯾر ﻏذاﯾﯽ اوﻟوﯾت از 1 5- Clothing (reflect on the prevailing climatic conditions) ﻟﺑﺎس (ﺑﺎ در ﻧظر داﺷت ﺗﻐﯾرات آب و ھوای ﻣﻌﻣول) ﻓرش/ﮐﻣﭘل Mats, Blankets WASH NFIs (shampoo, soap, cleaning materials) ﻣواد ﻏﯾر ﻏذاﯾﯽ آب و ﺻﺣت (ﺷﺎﻣﭘو، ﺻﺎﺑون، ﻣواد ﭘﺎک ﮐﻧﻧده) Kitchen utensils (pots, pans, etc. اﺳﺑﺎب آﺷﭘزﺧﺎﻧﮫ (دﯾﮏ، ﻗﺎب...) Cooking and heating fuel (which type of fuel?) ﻣواد ﺳوﺧت ﭘﺧت و ﭘز و ﮔرم ﮐﻧﻧده (ﮐدام ﻧوع ﻣواد ﺳوﺧت) Other NFI needs (please specify as an item)? ﻣواد ﻏﯾر ﻏذاﯾﯽ دﯾﮕر (ﻟطﻔن ﻣواد دﯾﮕر را ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد.)
8. What are the reasons do you prefer to stay outside the Camp? (if available, tick more than one option) دﻻﯾل ﮐﮫ ﺷﻣﺎ ﺗرﺟﯾﺢ دادﯾد ﺑﯾرون از ﮐﻣپ زﻧده ﮔﯽ ﮐﻧﯾد ﮐدام ھﺎ اﻧد؟ (اﮔر ﻣﯾﺳر اﺳت، ﺑﯾﺷﺗر از ﯾﮏ ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ را ﻧﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻧﯾد.) Bad No basic In secure Security Abuse by Gender Others Infrastructure services due to threats/ authorities based (specify) دﯾﮕر(ﻣﺷﺧص conditions in provisioned weather, Unsafe and others violence ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد.) ﺧﺷوﻧت ھﺎی ﺳوی اﺳﺗﻔﺎده از ﺗﮭدﯾدات the camp (water, location ﻣﺑﺗﻧﯽ ﺑر ﺳوی ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎت و اﻣﻧﯾﺗﯽ/ﻧﺎ ﺷراﯾط ﻧﺎ اﻣن ,sanitation ﺷراﯾط ﺑد ﺳﺎﺧﺗﻣﺎن ھﺎ ﺟﻧدر دﯾﮕران ﻣﺻوون ﺑودن آب و ھوا (health در ﮐﻣپ
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DRAFT VERSON 2
ﺧدﻣﺎت اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﮭﯾﮫ ﻧﺷد (آب، ﺑﮭداﺷت و ﺻﺣت)
9. Do you want to build the shelter? (1). Yes, (2). No – If the answer is no, why? آﯾﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺧواھﯾد ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه ﺑﺳﺎزﯾد؟ ﺑﻠﯽ=1، ﻧﮫ-2، (اﮔر ﻧﮫ، ﭼرا؟)
______10. Are you available to be shifted into new place after the disaster happened? Yes , No آﯾﺎ ﺷﻣﺎ ﺑرای اﻧﺗﻘﺎل ﺑﮫ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺣل ﻧو ﭘس از اﺗﻔﺎق آﻓت ھﺳﺗﯾد؟ ﺑﻠﯽ/ﻧﮫ 11. If the answer is yes then how will he/she manage livelihoods means that you has into their existing village? اﮔر ﺑﻠﯽ، ﭘس ﭼﮕوﻧﮫ ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﻣﻌﯾﺷﺗﯽ ﺗﺎن را در روﺳﺗﺎی ﮐﮫ ھﺳﺗﯾد ﻣدﯾرﯾت ﻣﯽ ﮐﻧﯾد؟ 12. Do you have land for building permanent/transitory shelter آﯾﺎ ﺷﻣﺎ زﻣﯾن ﺑرای ﺳﺎﺧﺗن ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه داﯾﻣﯽ/اﻧﺗﻘﺎﻟﯽ دارﯾد؟ Land is purchased Land is purchased Land is identified Land is not available زﻣﯾن وﺟود ﻧدارد. and have legal but no legal but not document document but allocated/cannot .community afford to buy it زﻣﯾن ﺧرﯾده ﺷده و ﺳﻧد ﻗﺎﻧوﻧﯽ زﻣﯾن ﻣﺷﺧص ﺷده اﺳت ﻣﮕر assurance exists دارد. اﺧﺻﺎص داده ﻧﺷده، ﺗواﻧﺎﯾﯽ زﻣﯾن ﺧرﯾده ﺷده ﻣﮕر ﺳﻧد ﺧرﯾدش وﺟود ﻧدارد. ﻗﺎﻧوﻧﯽ ﻧدارد. ﻣﮕر ﻣردم از وﺟود زﻣﯾن اطﻣﻧﺎن ﻣﯽ دھﻧد.
13. What are the shelter /non-shelter options people suggest? ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه/ﻏﯾر ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه ﮐﮫ ﻣردم ﭘﯾﺷﻧﮭﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻧﻧد ﮐدام ھﺎ اﻧد؟ Those Those who Those Living Living Living in Living in Living in Living having are who are with host in rooms community unfinished in tents زﻧده ﮔﯽ در land purchasing expecting families rental (for land/property houses ﺧﯾﻣﮫ ھﺎ زﻧده ﮔﯽ در زﻧده ﮔﯽ در Land govt. to (relatives) houses partial ﮐﺳﺎﻧﯾﮑﮫ ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎی زﻣﯾن/داراﯾﯽ ھﺎی rent of زﻧده ﮔﯽ allocate for free ﮐﺳﺎﻧﯾﮑﮫ در ﺣﺎل زﻣﯾن دارﻧد. زﯾرﮐﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﮫ host در ﺧﺎﻧﮫ زﻧده ﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ land ﺧرﯾدن زﻣﯾن اﻧد. (families ھﺎی ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی ﮐﺳﺎﻧﯾﮑﮫ ﺗوﻗﻊ زﻧده در اﺗﺎق ﮐراﯾﯽ ﻣﯾزﺑﺎن (ﺑﺎ دارﻧد دوﻟت ھﺎی (ﻧﯾﻣﮫ ﺧوﯾﺷﺎوﻧدان) ﺑراﯾﺷﺎن زﻣﯾن ﮐراﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ راﯾﮕﺎن اﺧﺻﺎص ﻣﯽ ﺧﺎﻧواده ی دھد. ﻣﯾزﺑﺎن)
Tentative list of options (Please have their ideas and options, that giving them these options)
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DRAFT VERSON 2
ﻓﮭرﺳت آزﻣﺎﯾﺷﯽ ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎ (ﻟطﻔن دﯾدﮔﺎه و ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎی آن ھﺎ را ﺑرای دادن ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﭘﺎﯾﯾن داﺷﺗﮫ ﺑﺎﺷﯾد.) - Transitory shelters (single room) with beneficiary contribution and shelter material support ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه اﻧﺗﻘﺎﻟﯽ (ﯾﮏ اﺗﺎق) ﺑﺎ ﺳﮭم اﺳﺗﻔﺎده ﮐﻧﻧده و ﮐﻣﮏ ﻣواد از ﺳوی ﻣوﺳﺳﮫ - Transitory shelter (single room), the community use materials of their damaged houses (estimate the materials) ﺳرﭘﻧﺎه اﻧﺗﻘﺎﻟﯽ (ﯾﮏ اﺗﺎق) ﻣردم ﻣواد ﮐﮫ از ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﺗﺧرﯾب ﺷده ﺷﺎن دارﻧد اﺳﺗﻔﺎده ﮐﻧﻧد. (ﻣواد را ﺗﺧﻣﯾن ﮐﻧﯾد.) - Repairs to existing house and building an additional room ﺗرﻣﯾم ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﻣوﺟود و اﺗﺎق اﺿﺎﻓﯽ - Supporting in construction of addition room with the support of host families (the host family need to contribute) with clear terms of tenancy period ﮐﻣﮏ ﺑرای اﻋﻣﺎر اﺗﺎق اﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻣﺎﯾت ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی ﻣﯾزﺑﺎن (ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی ﻣﯾزﺑﺎن ﺑﺎﯾد ﺳﮭم ﺑﮕﯾرﻧد) ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣدت ﻣﺷﺧص اﺟﺎره - Completion of unfinished homes (with contribution from the owners) and tenancy/property rights ﺗﮑﻣﯾل ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎی زﯾرﮐﺎر (ﺑﺎ ﺳﮭم ﮔﯾری ﺻﺎﺣﺑﺎن آن) و ﺣﻘوق اﺟﺎزه و ﻣﻠﮑﯾت ﭘول ﻧﻘد ﺑرای ﮐرا Cash for rental - - Improved tents (with special design tents to suite winter) and protection from winter. ﺧﯾﻣﮫ ھﺎی ﭘﯾﺷرﻓﺗﮫ (ﺑﺎ دﯾزاﯾن وﯾژه ی ﮐﮫ ﻣﻧﺎﺳب زﻣﺳﺗﺎن ﺑﺎﺷد) ﮐﮫ از زﻣﺳﺗﺎن ﺧﺎﻧواده را ﻣﺣﺎﻓظت ﮐﻧد.
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DRAFT VERSON 2
ﻣﺻووﻧﯾت ﻏذاﯾﯽ Annexure 2.b : (Focused Group Discussion) FOOD SECURITY
ﻣﺻرف ﻏذا Food Consumption
1. Now, after the disaster, what different types of food are most households eating in 1 day (i.e. the last 24 hours)? Tick () the box in Table 1 below and add them up. ﺣﺎﻻ، ﭘس از آﻓت، ﮐدام ﻧوع ﻏذا ھﺎ را اﮐﺛرﯾت ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎ در ﯾﮏ روز ﻣﺻرف ﻣﯽ ﮐﻧﻧد؟ (ﻣﺛﻠن: 24 ﺳﺎﻋت ﮔذﺷﺗﮫ)؟ ﺟدول زﯾر را ﻧﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻧﯾد و ﺑﮫ آن ﺑﯾﺎﻓزاﯾﯾد. Table 1 (Questions 2 to 4): Dietary Diversity Food type Q2. IF food type Q3. Typical type of food eaten Q4. IF food type consumed in 1 day (Specify) consumed in 1 day hours) tick the box (24 hours) tick the box 24) ﻧوﻋﯾت ﻏذا () ﻧوﻋﯾت ﻏذاﯾﯽ ﻧﻣوﻧﮫ ی ﻣﺻرف ﺷده () (Post-Shock (NOW (ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد. Pre-Disaster Typical day
اﮔر ﻏذاﯾﯽ ﻣﺻرف ﺷده در 24 اﮔر ﻏذا ﻣﺻرف ﺷده در 24 ﺳﺎﻋت ﺑﮑس را ﺗﯾﮏ ﮐﻧﯾد. ﺳﺎﻋت ﺑﮑس را ﺗﯾﮏ ﮐﻧﯾد.
ﭘس از آﻓت ( ﺣﺎﻻ) روز ﻧﻣوﻧﮫ ی ﭘﯾش از آﻓت
ﺣﺑوﺑﺎت CEREALS
ROOTS AND TUBERS
رﯾﺷﮫ ھﺎ و ﮔﯾﺎه ھﺎ
PULSES, LEGUMES, NUTS
ﺗﺧﻣﯾﻧﮫ ﺟﺎت، ﻏﻠﮫ ﺟﺎت، ﻣﻐزھﺎ
ﺳﺑزﯾﺟﺎت VEGETABLES ﻣﯾوه FRUITS MEAT / POULTRY, OFFAL ﮔوﺷت/ﮔوﺷت ﻣرغ/ﮐﻠﮫ و ﭘﺎﭼﮫ و ﺷﮑﻣﺑﮫ ﺗﺧم EGGS ﻣﺎھﯽ/ﻏذای FISH, SEAFOOD ﺑﺣری MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS ﺷﯾر و ﺗوﻟﯾدات آن روﻏن OIL / FAT ﺷﮑر/ﻋﺳل SUGAR / HONEY OTHER(specify) دﯾﮕر (ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد.)
TOTAL NUMBER OF ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﮫ ﺗﯾﮏ ﻣﺎرک ھﺎ
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DRAFT VERSON 2
رھﻧﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﮫ ﻣﺻﺎﺣﺑﮫ ﮐﻧﻧده ﮔﺎن ﺑرای ﺟدول ﺑﻌدی GUIDE TO THE ENUMERATOR FOR THE NEXT TABLE
2. Guide for the enumerators (Normally, at this time of year, what percentage of food for household use comes from the food sources listed in the table below? رھﻧﻣود ﺑﮫ ﻣﺻﺎﺣﺑﮫ ﮐﻧﻧده ﮔﺎن (ﻣﻌﻣوﻟن، درﯾن وﻗت از ﺳﺎل، ﭼﻧد درﺻد ﻏذا ﺑرای ﻣﺻرف ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎ از ﺳوی ﻣﻧﺎﺑﻊ ﻏذاﯾﯽ ﮐﮫ در ﭘﺎﯾﯾن ﯾﺎد ﺷده ﻣﯽ آﯾد؟ Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 2 below. e.g.: 20% of food is purchased. This should add up to 100%. You can use proportional pilling to help households answer this question. ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﯽ ﺑﮫ ﻓﯾﺻدی در ﺟدول 2 ﭘﺎﯾﯾن ﺑﮕذارﯾد. ﻣﺛﻠن: 20% از ﻏذای ﺧرﯾده ﺷده. اﯾن ﺑﺎﯾد ﺗﺎ 100% اﻓزوده ﺷود. ﺑرای ﮐﻣﮏ ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎ ﮐﮫ ﺑﮫ اﯾن ﭘرﺳش ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دھﻧد از ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﻧﺳﺑﯽ اﺳﺗﻔﺎده ﮐﻧﯾد. 3. Now, after the disaster, what percentage of food can households get from the same food sources they used before the shock compared to the overall quantity they were getting before the shock? ﺣﺎﻻ، ﭘس از آﻓت، ﭼﻧد درﺻد از ﻏذا ﺧﺎﻧواده ﻣﯽ ﺗواﻧد از ﻋﯾن ﻣﻧﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﮫ ﭘﯾش از آﻓت ﻣﯽ ﮔرﻓت ﺑﮕﯾرد در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺳﮫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘدار ﻏذای ﮐﮫ ﭘﯾش از آﻓت درﯾﺎﻓت ﻣﯽ ﻧﻣود. Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 2 below. You can use proportional pilling to asset the approximate percentages. e.g.: pre-disaster own production in agriculture = 60%, now = 10%. This does not have to add up to 100% as households may have A GAP in their food needs that requires assistance. ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﯽ ﺑﮫ ﻓﯾﺻدی در ﺟدول 2 ﭘﺎﯾﯾن ﺑﮕذارﯾد. ﺷﻣﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗواﻧﯾد از ﮔزﯾﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﻧﺳﺑﯽ ﺑرای ﻓﯾﺻدی ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﯽ اﺳﺗﻔﺎده ﮐﻧﯾد. ﻣﺛﻠن: ﭘﯾش از آﻓت، ﺗوﻟﯾدات ﺷﺧﺻﯽ زراﻋﺗﯽ=60%، ﺣﺎﻻ=10%. اﯾن ﻧﯾﺎز ﻧﯾﺳت ﺑﮫ 100% اﻓزوده ﺷود ﭼون ﺧﺎﻧواده ﻣﻣﮑن ﺧﻼی در ﻧﯾﺎز ﺑﮫ ﻏذا داﺷﺗﮫ ﺑﺎﺷد ﮐﮫ ﻣﺳﺗﻠزم ﮐﻣﮏ ﺑﺎﺷد. Add up the percentages and calculate the “Gap” percentage to make sure the post shock food sources add up to 100%. Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 2 below. e.g.: Gap = 70%)
درﺻدی ھﺎ را اﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﮐﻧﯾد و درﺻد (ﺧﻼ) را ﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﮫ ﮐﻧﯾد. اطﻣﻧﺎن ﺣﺎﺻل ﮐﻧﯾد ﮐﮫ ﻣﻧﺎﺑﻊ ﻏذا ﭘس از آﻓت ﺑﮫ 100% اﻓزوده ﺷده اﺳت.
ﺟﺪول2 (ﭘﺮﺳﺶ 2- 3) ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻏﺬا و ﺧﻼی ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ Table 2 (Questions 2 to 3): Food Sources and Food Gap Q5. Pre-Shock Q6. Post-Shock Q7. Impact of shock on food source ﻣﻧﺎﺑﻊ Sources ﺗﺎﺛﯾرات آﻓت ﺑﮫ ﻣﻧﺑﻊ ﻏذا (Approx. %) (NOW) (% .Approx) ﭘﯾش از آﻓت (درﺻدی ﭘس از آﻓت (ﺣﺎﻻ) ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﯽ) (درﺻدی ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﯽ) PURCHASE (including cafes / fast food, etc.) ﺧرﯾداری (از ھوﺗل، ﮐﺎﻓﯽ، ﻏذا ھﺎی آﻣﺎده از ﺟﺎده ھﺎ) OWN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ﺗوﻟﯾد ﺷﺧﺻﯽ زراﻋﺗﯽ OWN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (milk / meat) ﺗوﻟﯾد ﺷﺧﺻﯽ ﻣواﺷﯽ (ﺷﯾر/ﮔوﺷت) LABOUR PAID WITH FOOD IN-KIND (not Food for Work)
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DRAFT VERSON 2
ﻣزد ﮐﮫ ﺑﮫ ﻏذا ﯾﺎ ﻣواد ﭘرداﺧﺗﮫ ﺷده (ﻏﯾر ﻏذا در ﺑدل ﮐﺎر) GIFTS / LOANS / CHARITY (including begging) ﺗﺣﻔﮫ/ﻗرض، ﺧﯾرات (ﺷﺎﻣل ﮔداﯾﯽ) RELIEF (Food Aid / Food for Work, etc.) اﻣداد (ﮐﻣﮏ ھﺎی ﻏذاﯾﯽ/ ﻏذا در ﺑدل ﮐﺎر و ﻏﯾره) OTHER (specify – e.g.: existing stocks, fishing, wild food) دﯾﮕر (ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد- ﻣﺛﻠن: اﻧﺑﺎرھﺎی ﻣوﺟود، ﻣﺎھﯽ ﮔﯾری، ﻏذا ھﺎی ﺟﻧﮕﻠﯽ) ﺧﻼ GAP %100 %100 ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﮫ TOTAL PERCENTAGE درﺻدی
Table 3 (Questions 18 to 21): Livelihood Asset Ownership and Potential Loss
ﺟﺪول 3 (ﭘﺮﺳﺶ 18- 21): ﻣﻠﮑﯿﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮫ ھﺎی ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ و اﻣﮑﺎن از دﺳﺖ دادن آن 4. Now, after the disaster, what are the key livelihood assets that are owned by most of the affected households? Put answers in Table 4 below. ﺣﺎﻻ، ﭘس از آﻓت، ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﮫ ھﺎی ﻣﻌﯾﺷﺗﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﮫ اﮐﺛرﯾت ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی آﺳﯾب دﯾده دارﻧد ﮐدام ھﺎ اﻧد؟ﭘﺎﺳﺦ را در ﺟدول 4 ﭘﺎﯾﯾن ﺑﮕذارﯾد.
5. Normally, what percentage of affected households owns these assets? Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 4 below. ﻣﻌﻣوﻟن، ﭼﻧد درﺻد ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی آﺳﯾب دﯾده اﯾن ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﮫ ھﺎ را دارﻧد؟
6. Now, after the disaster, what percentage of affected households owns these assets? Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 4 below. ﺣﺎﻻ، ﭘس از آﻓت، ﭼﻧد درﺻد از ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی آﺳﯾب دﯾده اﯾن ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﮫ ھﺎ را دارﻧد؟ ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﯽ ﺑﮫ درﺻدی در ﺟدول 4 ﭘﺎﯾﯾن ﺑﮕذارﯾد.
7. Now, after the disaster, are households likely to lose any of these key livelihood assets in the next 2 months? Put Yes / No in Table 4 below. e.g.: death of animals not having enough fodder or drinking water; sale of livestock, tools, land, and machinery to raise money to buy food or other essential items. ﺣﺎﻻ، ﭘس از آﻓت، آﯾﺎ اﺣﺗﻣﺎﻟن ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎ اﯾن ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﮫ ھﺎی ﮐﻠﯾدی ﻣﻌﯾﺷﺗﯽ را در 2 ﻣﺎه آﯾﻧده از دﺳت ﻣﯽ دھﻧد؟ ﺑﻠﯽ/ﻧﮫ در ﺟدول 4 ﭘﺎﯾﯾن ﺑﮕذارﯾد. ﻣﺛﻠن: ﻣردن ﻣواﺷﯽ در اﺛر ﻧداﺷﺗن ﻋﻠوﻓﮫ ی ﮐﺎﻓﯽ و آب آﺷﺎﻣﯾدﻧﯽ، ﻓروش ﻣواﺷﯽ، اﺑزار، زﻣﯾن و ﻣﺎﺷﯾن آﻻت ﺑرای ﺧرﯾد ﻏذا و ﻣواد ﺿروری دﯾﮕر.
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DRAFT VERSON 2
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DRAFT VERSON 2
Q18. Asset (type of % of HH that own these assets? Q21. In danger of Q21. If YES, WHY? livestock, of machinery, of losing in the next 2 اﮔر ﺑﻠﯽ، ﭼرا؟ ?months درﺻد ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎ ﮐﮫ اﯾن ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﮫ ھﺎ را (.tools, of seeds, etc Yes / No دارﻧد. owned by most of the affected households در ﺧطر از دﺳت دادن اﯾن -Q19. Pre- Q20. Post ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﮫ ھﺎ در 2 ﻣﺎه آﯾﻧده (Shock Shock (NOW ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﮫ(ﻧوﻋﯾت ﻣواﺷﯽ، ﻣﺎﺷﯾن ھﺎ، اﺑزار، ﺗﺧﻣﯾﻧﮫ ﺟﺎت) ﮐﮫ اﮐﺛرﯾت ﭘس از آﻓت (ﺣﺎﻻ) ﭘﯾش از آﻓت ﺑﻠﯽ/ﻧﮫ ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎی آﺳﯾب دﯾده دارﻧد.
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DRAFT VERSON 2
Annexure 2.c: Focused Group Discussion and observation (one per each locality)
ﺑﺣث ﻣﺗﻣرﮐز ﮔروھﯽ و ﻣﺷﺎھده
WASH
Environmental health conditions – please look for signs first, if necessary get information From the key person in the neighbourhood, headman, etc., fill in below items. ﺷراﯾط ﻣﺣﯾط زﯾﺳﺗﯽ – ﻟطﻔن اﺑﺗدا ﺑﮫ ﻧﺷﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎ ﺗوﺟﮫ ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد، در ﺻورت ﺿرورت ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت را از اﻓراد ﮐﻠﯾدی، ﺑزرﮔﺎن و دﯾﮕران در ھﻣﺳﺎﯾﮫ ﮔﯽ ﺑﭘرﺳﯾد. در ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﺧﺎﻟﯽ زﯾر ﺑﻧوﯾﺳﯾد.
1. Unsafe hygiene and weak/absence of sanitation infrastructure practices? ﺣﻔظ اﻟﺻﺣﮫ ی ﻧﺎﻣﺻﺋون و ﺗﻣرﯾﻧﺎت زﯾرﺑﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺿﻌﯾف ﺑﮭداﺷت؟ Open Children Waste Lack of Animal Medical/ Others Defecation open water/ waste Excreta industrial (specify) دﯾﮕر waste ﻣدﻓوع defecation drainage collection ﺗﺷﻧﺎب در ﻓﺿﺎی ( ﻣﺷﺧص ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎی ﺗﺟﮭﯾزات ﺣﯾواﻧﺎت ﻋدم ﺟﻣﻊ آوری آب ﮔﻧدﯾده و ﻗﺿﺎی ﺣﺎﺟت آزاد ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) درﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﺳﺎﻟم ﻣدﻓوع ﻓﺎﺿل آب ﮐودﮐﺎن در ﺻﻧﻌﺗﯽ ﺣﯾواﻧﯽ و ﻓﺿﺎی ﺑﺎز اﻧﺳﺎﻧﯽ
ﺑﻠﯽYes 1 – Yes 1 – Yes 1 – Yes – 1 ﺑﻠﯽYes – 1 ﺑﻠﯽ Yes – 1 ﺑﻠﯽ Yes – 1 No – 2 ﺑﻠﯽ ﺑﻠﯽ ﺑﻠﯽ ﺧﯾرNo – 2 ﺧﯾر No – 2 ﺧﯾر No – 2 ﺧﯾر ﺧﯾر No 2 – No – 2 ﺧﯾر No – 2 ﺧﯾر
2. Disease transmitting vectors (specifically in summer) ﺣﺷرات ﻧﺎﻗل ﺑﯾﻣﺎری ( ﺑﮫ وﯾژه در ﺗﺎﺑﺳﺗﺎن) ﭘﺷﮫ a. Mosquitos ﻣﮕس b. Houseflies ﺟوﻧده ھﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻣوش ھﺎ c. Rodents دﯾﮕران ( ﻟطﻔن ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) (d. Others (please specify 3. The existing system for the waste disposal? ﺳﯾﺳﺗم ﻣوﺟود ﺑرای اداره ی ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎی ﺣﯾﺎﺗﯽ؟
Sewage system by Septic tank Drilling and burying Others (please (specify اﺳﺗﻔﺎده از ﺣﻔره ھﺎ و ﺧﻧدق ھﺎ ﺗﺎﻧﮑر ھﺎی ﺳﯾﭘﺗﯾﮏ the authorities دﯾﮕر( ﻟطﻔن ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) ﺑرای رﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﺟت ﺳﯾﺳﺗم ﻓﺎﺿل آب از ﺳوی دوﻟت
آﯾﺎ ﺳﯾﺳﺗم ﻣداوم آب رﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻣوﺟود اﺳت؟ Is the continuous water supply is available .4 ﺑﻠﯽ ( اﮔر ﺑﻠﯽ، ﺑﮫ ﭘرﺳش ﻧﻣﺑر 6 ﻣراﺟﻌﮫ ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) (a. Yes (if yes, go to Q No. 6 ﻧﮫ ﺧﯾر ( اﮔر ﻧﮫ، ﺑﮫ ﭘرﺳش ﺷﻣﺎره 5 ﻣراﺟﻌﮫ ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) (b. No (if No, go to Q no 5 5. If No, please specify, what is the water supply اﮔر ﺧﯾر، ﻟطﻔن ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد، ﭼﮫ ﺳﯾﺳﺗم آب رﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻣوﺟود اﺳت؟
Distribution from Well Water Canal River stream ﺟرﯾﺎن آب درﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻧﺎل ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎرﯾز آب ﭼﺎه Tanker ﺗوزﯾﻊ از طرﯾق ﺗﺎﻧﮑرھﺎ
6. Is the quantity of water enough for using and drinking for each family member? آﯾﺎ ﻣﻘدار آب ﺑرای اﺳﺗﻔﺎده و ﻧوﺷﯾدن ھر ﯾﮏ از اﻋﺿﺎی ﻓﺎﻣﯾل ﮐﺎﻓﯽ اﺳت؟ ﺑﻠﯽ a. Yes ﺗﺎ ﺣدی b. Partly
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DRAFT VERSON 2
ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯾﺳت c. Insufficient 7. If partly and insufficient of quantity as them the specific description (write what they say اﮔر ﺑر اﺳﺎس ﺷرح آن ھﺎ آب ﺗﺎ ﺣدی ﮐﺎﻓﯽ اﺳت و ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯾﺳت ( آن ﭼﮫ را ﻣﯽ ﮔوﯾﻧد ﺑﻧوﯾﺳﯾد)
For using for domestic purpose ﺑرای ﻧوﺷﯾدن For drinking ﺑﮫ ﻣﻧظور اﺳﺗﻔﺎده ی ﻓﺎﻣﯾﻠﯽ
آﯾﺎ آب آﺷﺎﻣﯾدﻧﯽ ﭘﺎک اﺳت؟ ?Is the drinking water clear .8 ﺑﻠﯽ a. Yes ﻧﮫ ﺧﯾر b. No 9. İs there any diarrheal, skin infection, eye infection (frequently occurred cases)? آی در ﺳﺎﺣﮫ ﻣواردی ﭼون اﺳﮭﺎل، اﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﺟﻠدی، اﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﭼﺷم دﯾده ﻣﯽ ﺷود ( ﯾﺎ ﻣﺷﮑل ﺻﺣﯽ ﮐﮫ ﻣرﺗﺑﺂ ﺗﮑرار ﺷود)
ﺑﻠﯽ a. Yes ﺧﯾرb. No 10. If yes, please specify the number of children in HH with diarrhoea and/or skin and Eye infection in the past 7-8 days? اﮔر ﺑﻠﯽ، ﻟطﻔن ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد ﮐﮫ ﭼﮫ ﺗﻌداد از اطﻔﺎل در 7-8 روز ﮔذﺷﺗﮫ در ﺧﺎﻧواده ھﺎ ﻣﺻﺎب ﺑﮫ اﺳﮭﺎل و ﯾﺎ اﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﭼﺷم و ﺟﻠد ﺷده اﻧد؟ اﺳﮭﺎل #_a. Diarrhoea اﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﺟﻠدی #_b. Skin infection اﻟﺗﮭﺎب ﭼﺷم #_c. Eye infection آﯾﺎ ﺻﺎﺑون ﺑﮫ راﺣﺗﯽ در دﺳﺗرس اﺳت Is soap readily available .11
ﺑﻠﯽ a. Yes ﺗﺎ ﺣدودی b. Partly ﻧﮫ ﺧﯾر c. No 12. Please check the hygiene practices: Evidence of hand washing practice and use of soap? (Evidences e.g.: appearance of nails, general appearance from top to the head, smell of his/her, etc.)
ﻟطﻔن ﺗﻣرﯾﻧﺎت ﺑﮭداﺷﺗﯽ را وارﺳﯽ ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد: ﺷواھد ﺷﺳﺗن دﺳت و اﺳﺗﻔﺎده از ﺻﺎﺑون؟ ( ﺷواھد ﻣﺛﻠن: ﺑﻠﻧدﺷدن ﻧﺎﺧن، ﺷواھد ظﺎھری از ﺳر ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎ، ﺑوی ﺑدن آن ھﺎ و ﻏﯾره) ﺑﻠﯽ a. Yes ﺗﺎ ﺣدودی b. Partly ﻧﮫ ﺧﯾر c. No
ﭼﮫ ﭼﯾزھﺎﯾﯽ ﺑرای آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزی ﻏذا ﺿروری اﺳت؟ ?What items required for preparing meals .1 ھﯾﭻ در ﺧواﺳﺗﯽ/ ﺿرورﺗﯽ a. Not required/ No need دﯾﮕدان b. Stove ﻣواد ﺳوﺧت c. Fuel آﺷﭘزی d. Cooking دﯾﮕر ( ﻟطﻔن ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) _____(e. other (please specify ﭼﮫ ﭼﯾزھﺎﯾﯽ ﺑرای آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزی ﻏذا ﺿروری اﺳت؟ ?What items required for preparing food .2 ھﯾﭻ درﺧواﺳﺗﯽ/ ﺿرورﺗﯽ a. Not required/ No need آرد b. Flour ﺷﮑر c. sugar ﻧﻣﮏ، آﺷﭘزی d. salt, cooking ﻏذای ﺧﺷﮏ e. dry food
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DRAFT VERSON 2
دﯾﮕر ( ﻟطﻔن ﻣﺷﺧص ﻧﻣﺎﯾﯾد) _____(f. (please specify ﭼﮫ ﭼﯾز ھﺎﯾﯽ ﺑرای ذﺧﯾره ﺳﺎزی ﻏذا درﺧواﺳت ﻣﯽ ﺷود؟ ___ ?What items required for food storage .3 Annexure 2. D.4 : Technical Survey (for shelter design and materials survey)
(A mix of focused group discussions and observations by the technical team)
Checklist for assessment
For purposes of construction: Social grouping/household unit National/cultural standards for shelter Type of shelter adopted by the displaced population Traditional building skills and construction methods Traditional means of support Traditional household lifestyle in terms of public/private use of space, cooking and food storage, child care, hygiene practices, and other activities of daily living Assets people have brought with them] Is it possible to utilize existing structures to house people? Will the infrastructure be adequate to support a number of families? How will the adjacent communities be affected by the new settlement? Which services or institutions (e.g. transportation, sanitation, and schools) could be challenged or overburdened? How can this be redressed? Is it possible that populations will eventually be resettled to their communities of origin? If so, what housing strategies might help them return? When considering repairs to existing structures, will it be cost or time-effective to rebuild on the site? What repairs to infrastructure will need to be performed simultaneously?
Geography
Clarification of land ownership/lease Respect for local and traditional land rights Proximity to communities with cultural resources (health care, schools, markets) Proximity to communities with economic resources (labour, markets)
Infrastructure Network of roads for supplies Accessibility for trucks and construction equipment Transportation to adjacent communities Sufficient space for IDP population (3.5 m² covered space per person not including external space) Existing or potential water supply Any issues related to power and communication Existing sanitation and drainage system Sustainable local materials for construction, fuel, and heating Existing adaptable structures or foundations Existing construction equipment Any social/security barrier for construction of houses or against the IDPs
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Topography
Ground water table: minimum 3m below surface Reasonable microclimate (seasonal temperature, rain, snow, wind) Slope of 2% to 4% for drainage Slope maximum 10% for erosion Outside of flood plain and wetlands Altitude, distance above sea level (GPS for the village) Soil strength suitable for foundations and construction Soil for pit latrines to provide good infiltration which will remain above ground water table Potential for agricultural growth, access to outlying grazing and agricultural lands Seismic assessment (need to get map and information from UNOCHA) Clear of endemic disease, vectors, and pest Clear of exposure to radiation and Pollution
Environment
Select an open site to minimize the bulldozing and clearing required Preserve existing vegetation, forest cover and topsoil to prevent erosion Respect existing contours and natural views Take advantage of natural environmental protection such as hills that offer shelter from winds or trees that provide shade from sun. Preserve adjacent natural resources like range land, open water courses, and other fragile areas Identify areas for agriculture and animal husbandry Locate site downstream from drinking water collection points and upstream from washing, bathing, and defecation areas.
Shelter design
Can the shelter be easily maintained? Will it need to be refinished or repaired regularly? How might the shelter be adapted for an expanding family? How might the shelter service a physically disabled occupant? How long will the shelters last without supplementary construction? Will the structure need insulation or waterproofing seasonally? Will parts of the structure (e.g., roofing) need to be replaced periodically? Will funding be available for these requirements? Is simple, safe dismantling possible with reuse of material?
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DRAFT VERSON 2
Tasks Provisions Observation of Tentative cost availability and access Site clearance, Shovels, wheel barrow, Level, foundation string, concrete, Stones, wooden fabrication beams Walls and Framing materials, local superstructure mud/straw bricks, Exterior construction Roofing Interior False ceiling and insulation etc., construction partitions, finishes and pictures Flooring
Technical skills available with the communities - Carpentry - Masons - Skilled labour - Etc. Shelter Kits • Shovel • Trowel • Wheelbarrow • Brick form • Water container • Timbers for roof framing • Hammer • Nails • Concrete • Mud • Sand • Plastic sheeting (if needed) • Lime • Window material • Door(s) and jamb(s
District Centre/ Town Mayor Availability of houses for rental basis Unfinished houses available Do they support the government in hosting the families in make shift temporary houses? Do they provide water and sanitation needs of the IDPs?
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