1 Abbreviations AGE: Anti Government Elements ANP: Afghan National Police ATV: All Terrain Vehicles GLE: Governor-led Eradication Team GPS: Global Positioning System MCN: Ministry of Counter Narcotics PEF: Poppy Eradication Force UNODC: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

GROWTH STAGES OF POPPY

Emergence stage Cabbage stage

Stem-elongation stage Flowering stage

Capsule stage Lancing stage

2 Acknowledgements

The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of opium poppy eradication verification survey and preparation of this report:

Ministry of Counter-Narcotics: Dr Mohammad Zafar (Deputy Minister) Mohammad Ibrahim Azhar (Deputy Minister) Mir Abdullah (Deputy Director of Survey and Monitoring Directorate) Survey Coordinators: Eshaq Masumi (Central Region), Abdul Mateen (Eastern Region), Abdul Latif Ehsan (Western Region), Fida Mohammad (Northern Region), Mohammed Ishaq Anderabi (North-eastern Region), Hashmatullah Asek (Southern Region)

Remote sensing analysts: Ahmad Jawid Ghiasee and Sayed Sadat Mehdi

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Kabul) Devashish Dhar (International Project Coordinator) Ziauddin Zaki (National Project Coordinator) Abdul Mannan Ahmadzai (Survey Officer) Noor Mohammad Sadiq (Database Developer)

Survey Coordinators: Abdul Basir Basiret (Eastern Region), Abdul Jalil (Northern Region), Abdul Qadir Palwal (Southern Region), Fawad Alahi (Western Region), Mohammad Rafi (North-eastern Region), Rahimullah Omar (Central Region), Sayed Ahmad (Southern Region), Abdul Rahim Marikh (Eastern Region), Fardin Osmani (Northern Region)

Provincial Coordinators: Fazal Mohammad Fazli (Southern Region), Mohammad Alam Ghalib (Eastern Region), Altaf Hussain Joya (Western Region), Mohammed Alem Yaqubi (North-eastern Region), Lutfurhaman Lutfi (Northern Region)

Eradication reporters: Ramin Sobhi and Zia Ulhaq.

Implementation of verification survey would not have been possible without dedicated work of field surveyors, who conduct verification survey often in extremely risky situation.

Opium poppy eradication verification survey in was made possible by financial contribution from United States of America.

3

Summary

• UNODC & MCN are joint partners to monitor both; Governor led eradication (GLE) and eradication led by Poppy Eradication Force (PEF) in Afghanistan. • A total of 5,351 ha of eradicated poppy fields were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers including GLE (2,687 ha) and eradication led by PEF (2,663 ha). Compared to year 2008, eradication activities started late and continued at much slower pace. • This year, Governor led eradication (GLE) was carried out in 12 provinces. PEF team conducted eradication in Hilmand (2,644 ha) and Badakhshan (19 ha) provinces. • Law and security situation continued to be unfavorable for eradication campaigns this year also since most of the poppy cultivation was confined to South and South-West provinces dominated by insurgency and organized crime groups. • The highest eradication was reported from Hilmand (1,475 ha), however, this amount is negligible considering the amount of poppy cultivation in the province. • Quality control of eradication verification was carried out using satellite data in Hilmand and Badakhshan provinces since over reporting was noticed from these provinces. Final figures for eradication in these provinces are confirmed after detailed analysis of high resolution satellite data. • Governor-led eradication activity has been reported from Badakhshan, Day Kundi, Farah, Faryab, Hilmand, Hirat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Kunar, Nangarhar and Uruzgan provinces. A total of 2,687 ha of poppy eradication were verified by UNODC/MCN verifiers till 26 June. At the same time last year, GLE had eradicated a total of 4,306 ha in Badakhshan, Baghlan, Farah, Ghor, Hilmand, Hirat, Jawzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Uruzgan and Zabul provinces. • PEF carried out 2,644 ha eradication in Nad Ali (1,994 ha), Naher-i- Saraj (642 ha), Lashkargha (8 ha) districts of Hilmand province and Argo (12 ha), Yaftal-i-Sufla (7 ha) districts of . PEF team had eradicated a total of 1,174 hectares in Hilmand and Kapisa provinces last year. • GLE and PEF teams were attacked thirty four times during eradication in Badakhshan, Faryab, Hilmand, Kandahar, Kunar, Hirat, Nangarhar, Uruzgan and Zabul provinces. Nineteen (19) police and two (2) laborers were killed while forty one (41) police, one (1) tractor driver, eight (8) laborers and two (2) villagers were injured in these attacks. The details of security incidents are mentioned in Annex 4 and 5.

4 Afghanistan: Verified GLE and PEF eradication in 2009 (by province)

65°E 70°E 75°E UZBEKISTAN TAJIKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN Jawzjan Takhar Badakhshan Kunduz

Sari Pul Samangan Faryab Baghlan

Panjshir Nuristan N N ° Kapisa ° 5 5

3 Badghis Bamyan Parwan 3 Laghman Kunar Kabul Legend Wardak Ghor Nangarhar Logar Eradication (ha) Hirat Day Kundi No eradication IINDIIA Ghazni Paktya Khost Negligible

11 - 100 Uruzgan Farah Paktika 101 - 500

Zabul 501 - 4119 PAKISTAN Province boundary International boundary

IRAN Kandahar Hilmand Nimroz

N 0 75 150 300 N ° °

0 km 0 3 3 Geographic Projection Datum: WGS 84

65°E 70°E 75°E

Source: Government of Afghanistan - National monitoring system implemented by UNODC Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Afghanistan: Verified GLE and PEF eradication in 2009 (by district)

60°E 65°E 70°E 75°E UZBEKISTAN ShikiDarwaz-i Payin (mamay) Darwaz-i- Bala (nesay) Kuf Ab TAJIKISTAN Khwahan

Raghistan Shighnan Yaw an Darqad Chahab Kohistan KhamyabQarqin Yangi QalaShahri Buzurg ShorTepaShahrak-i-Hairatan DashtiQala Yaftal-i-SuflaArghanj Khwah Khani ChaharBagh Kaldar Hazrati Imam Sahib Rustaq Shuhada Mingajik Dowlat abad Argo Baharak Qurghan Khwaja Ghar TURKMENISTAN Khwajah DuKoh MardyanChahar Bolak Dashti-i-Archi Khash Qala-i-Zal Darayim Eshkashim Qaram QulAndkhoy Khanaqa BalkhNahr-i-Shahi Khulm Taloqan (Provincial Center)KalafganKishimTashkan Jurm Wardooj Sheberghan (Provincial Center)Faizabad Chahar Darah DehdadiMarmul Khanabad Bangi Dowlat abad Chal Chimtal Ali Abad Farkhar Tagab Chahar KentFayroz Nakhcheer Yamgan Zaybak Hazrat-i-Sultan Baghlan-i-Jadeed EshkamishNamak Ab Shirin Tagab Sari Pul (Provincial Center)Sholgarah Aybak (Provincial Center) BurkaKhwajah Hijran (Jalgah) Qush TepahSayyad Darah-i-Suf-i-Payin Khwajah Sabz Poshi Wali Gozargah-i-NoorWarsaj Sar-i-Pol Sozma Qala Kishindeh Khuram wa Sar Bagh Almar Maimanah Nahreen Bil Chiragh Khost wa Firing Kiran wa Munjan Pashtun Kot Sangcharak Zari Dahana-i- Ghuri Eradication (ha) Gosfandi Deh Salah Barg-i-Matal Ghormach Darah-i-Soof-i-Bala Qaisar Gurziwan Roi-Do-Ab Andarab ParyanNuristan Paroon (Provincial Center) Dushi Pul-i-Hisar Khinjan Kamdesh Kohistanat Balkhab Hissa-i-Awal(Khinj)Mandol No eradication Kohistan Kahmard Talah wa Barfak Salang Shutul Nari Gulran Darah Du Ab WamaWaygal Muqur Chahar Sadah Unaba Ghazi Abad N Saighan Shinwari N ° Kushk (Rabat-i-Sangi) Jawand Syahgird (Ghorband) NijrabAlaSai Noor GramDara-i-PechShigal wa Sheltan Negligible ° 5 Yakawlang Shebar 5 3 Shaykh Ali 3 Kusk-i-KohnahAb Kamari BagramDowlat Shah Chapa Dara Watahpoor Qadis AlishengAlingar Chowkey Qala-i-Now (Provincial Center) Bamyan (Provincial Center)Surkh-i-Parsa Koh-i-Safi Tagab Sar Kani (Provincial Center) Noor gal PaghmanDehSabz Kuzkunar Kohsan Lal wa Sarjangal Khas Kunar 12-100 Karrukh Dowlatyar Hisah-i-Awal BehsudJalrez Kabul Surubi Qarghayee Kama Enjil Chiisht-i-Sharif Panjab Markaz-i- Behsud Behsud Goshta Zendah JanHirat Obe Khak-i-Jabar Lalpoor Nerkh Hesarak Rodat Daimirdad Khugyani ShinwarMohmand Dara 101-200 Ghoryan Pashtun Zarghun Sang-i-Takht Waras Shahrak Do Lainah Chak-i-Wardak Azra Kot Dur Baba Niizam-i-Shahid (Guzarah) Ishtarlay Achin Tulak Pul-i-AlamKhoshi Jaji Deh Bala Nazyan Khedir Sayyidabad Fersi 201-300 Nili (Provincial Center) MirAmor Nawur Jaghatu CharkhAhmadabadSamkani Shahristan Rashidan Kharwar Adraskan Sayyid Karam Jaji Maidan Pasaband Bahram-e Shahid (Jaghatu) Zanakhan Saghar Kiti Ajristan Sabari (Yaqubi)Bak Taywara Deh Yak 301-1000 Gizab Waghaz Zurmat Malistan Woza JadranNadirShah Kot Andar Mata Khan Terayzai (Ali Sher) Shindand Kajran Qara Bagh Ziruk TanayGurbuz Pur Chaman Jaghuri Yosuf Khel Spera Sar Rowza 1001-2569 Anar Darah Baghran Khas Uruzgan Giro UrgunGiyan Shahidi Hasas Chorah Muqur Kakar Kak-e Afghan Ab Band Omna Khak-i-SafedBala Buluk Tirin Kot (Provincial Center) Surubi International boundary Gelan Jani Khel Barmal Gulistan Dihrawud Daychopan Musa Qala Dilah wa Khwoshamand PushtRod Shah Joi Nowzad Kajaki Arghandab Qala-i-Kah Miya Neshin Gomal Provincial boundary Nesh Nawa Farah (Provincial Center) Wazahkhwah Bakwah Mizan Naw Bahar Shib Koh Washer Sangin Qala Shah Wali Kot Qalat (Provincial Center) District boundary Delaram Ghorak Khakrez Tarnak wa Jaldak Shinkai Turwo Wor Mamay Kiran wa Munjan Naher-i-Saraj Shemel zai Hissa-i-Awal(Khinj) Kamdesh Lash-i-Juwayn Arghandab Atghar Nuristan Paroon (Provincial Center) Khash Rod Zhire Eastern RegMiaondnol Nad Ali Maiwand Lashkargah (Provincial Center) Arghistan Nari Kandahar (Provinclal Center) Rukhah Darah Du Ab Waygal Ghazi Abad Maruf Wama Kang Nawa-i-Barukzai Koh Band Bar Kunar (Asmar) Asl-i-Chakhansur Panjwayee Nijrab Dowlat Shah Noor Gram Shigal wa Sheltan Spin Boldak Chapa DaraDara-i-PechWatahpoorDangam Zaranj (Provincial Center) AlaSai Garm Ser Daman Bagram Asad Abad (Provincial C enter) Mara warah IRAN Alisheng Alingar Tagab Narang wa Badil Koh-i-Safi Chowkey Sar Kani Darah-i- Noor Noor gal DehSabz Mehtar Lam (Provincial Center) Khas Kunar Chahar Burjak Reg-i-Khan Nishin Reg Shorabak Kuzkunar N Surubi Qarghayee N ° Bagrami ° 0 BehsudKama Goshta 0 3 Dishu PAKISTAN 3 Khak-i-Jabar Surkh RudJalalabad Hesarak Lalpoor Chaparhar Rodat Bati Kot Khugyani Sherzad ShinwarMohmand Dara Azra Kot INDIA Pachir wagamDeh Bala Dur Baba Achin Nazyan Jaji

Laja Ahmad Khel 60°E 65°E 70°E Samkani Dand Patan 75°E Jaji Maidan Source: Government of Afghanistan - National monitoring system implemented by UNODC Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Introduction The Ministry of Counter Narcotics (MCN) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) have a joint responsibility of monitoring and verifying opium poppy eradication activities led by the Governors and Poppy Eradication Force (PEF). Governor led eradication verification Provincial Governors are responsible for eradication of poppy crops in their respective provinces. Governor-led eradication activities were envisaged in all poppy cultivating . A total of 58 eradication verifiers were trained on eradication verification techniques. The eradication verifiers were part of the eradication teams led by the respective provincial Governor. Verifiers were made available to the Provincial Governors before the eradication activities were started. The area of the poppy fields eradicated was measured by trained verifiers. The eradicated area reported by the verifiers was randomly checked by survey coordinators in the field. The reported eradicated poppy fields and areas were also checked by satellite images wherever required. Detailed methodology of Governor-led eradication verification is given in Annex 1. Eradication verification led by PEF PEF had planned to eradicate in Hilmand and Kapisa provinces. However after eradication in Hilmand PEF continued eradication in Badakhshan province. Fourteen eradication verifiers were trained by MCN/UNODC to work with PEF international verifiers. Detailed methodology of PEF-led eradication verification is given in Annex 1. The High resolution satellite image has the capability to capture the details of eradication activity as seen in the snapshot below.

Satellite image showing GLE in progress. The date of acquisition of satellite image and date of eradication is same (18 February 2009). (Dasht-e Ainak village, Nawa-i- Barukzai district, Hilmand province).

5 Results: Governor led eradication (GLE)

GLE activities were reported from 12 provinces namely, Badakhshan, Day Kundi, Farah, Faryab, Hilmand, Hirat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Kunar, Nangarhar and Uruzgan provinces. Table 1 shows the detailed results of the eradication verification survey (by province). District level details are given in Annex 2. Table 1: Governor-led eradication figures (by province) Province Eradication No. of fields No. of villages (ha) verified eradication eradication reported reported

Badakhshan 401 1598 158 Day Kundi 27 113 24 Farah 43 75 8 Faryab 261 236 10 Hilmand 1,475 2,275 54 Hirat 67 247 31 Kabul 1 9 3 Kandahar 69 154 28 Kapisa 31 224 25 Kunar 11 152 12 Nangarhar 226 808 33 Uruzgan 74 371 26 Grand Total 2687 6262 412

This year, MCN/UNODC verified reported 2,687 ha of verified eradication by physical measurement of 6,262 poppy fields in 412 villages of 12 provinces. Quality control using high resolution satellite image was carried out to authenticate the eradication figures, particularly in Hilmand and Badakhshan provinces. In 2008, MCN/UNODC verifiers visited 763 villages (8,676 poppy fields) in 17 provinces where eradication had been carried out by governor-led eradication teams. Total verified eradication let by Governors was 4,306 ha in 2008. PEF-led eradication PEF started eradication operations in Hilmand province on 28 January 2009 and concluded on 09 April 2009. PEF also carried out eradication for one month (25 May - 25 June) in Argo and Yaftal-i-Sufla districts of Badakhshan province. A total of 2,663 ha of eradication were verified till 25 June. Of 2,663 ha, 2,644 ha of eradication has been carried out in Hilmand province while only 19 ha of eradication was carried out in Badakhshan province. Table 2: PEF eradication figures (by province) Province Eradication No. of fields No. of villages (ha) verified eradication eradication reported reported

Badakhshan 19 239 11 Hilmand 2,644 1,379 12 Grand Total 2,663 1,618 23

6

7000 Decrease in number is due to correction based on satellite 6000 image

5000

4000

3000

2000 Total eradication(ha) 1000

0 6-Jul 5-Apr 1-Jun 8-Jun 2-Mar 9-Mar 4-May 13-Apr 20-Apr 26-Apr 16-Mar 22-Mar 29-Mar 11-May 18-May 25-May 17-Feb 23-Feb Reporting time

GLE PEF

Figure 1: Total hectares of poppy eradication at the time of release of periodical report (Governor-led and Poppy Eradication Force)

Hilmand 55.1% 99%

Badakhshan 15.0% 1% Faryab 9.8% Nangarhar 8.5% Uruzgan 2.8%

Kandahar 2.6% Hirat 2.5% Farah 1.6% Kapisa 1.2% Day Kundi 1.0% Kunar 0.4% Kabul 0.1%

0% 50% 100%

GLE PEF

Figure 2: Percentage of total eradication (GLE and PEF) by province

7

Quality Control of eradicated fields by using satellite images Cross checking of eradication verification reported by verifiers was done by using high resolution satellite image. UNODC procured satellite images based on the GPS readings recorded by verifiers in the eradicated poppy fields to validate authenticity of the reported eradication area by GLE and PEF from Hilmand and Badakhshan provinces.

Correction of GLE reports in Hilmand province based on satellite image analysis Over-reporting was noticed while GLE verification reports from Hilmand were compared with satellite image interpretation. GPS points of eradicated poppy fields were overlaid on the IKONOS images & actual area of eradicated field was interpreted. The area reported from field and area measured on satellite images was compared for each field. Total area of eradication reported by our verifiers from field in Hilmand province was 1,589 ha. After quality check with satellite images, total eradication was reduced to 1,475 ha. Snapshot of satellite data showing over reporting of eradication in Hilmand is provided below.

Village name: Loy Bagh, , Hilmand province Date of eradication: 02 March 2009 The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, measured by verifiers on ground (white text) The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, from satellite image interpretation (yellow text) The difference in area is highlighted in circle.

8 Correction of PEF reports in Hilmand province based on satellite image analysis The total area of eradication carried out by PEF in Hilmand province has been checked using satellite images. The GPS track data of the eradicated fields recorded by PEF have been processed, overlaid over the satellite image for verification. The reported area of poppy fields that had been eradicated twice, have been adjusted to the extent of 253 hectares. Total area of eradication reported by our verifiers from field in Hilmand province was 2898 ha. After quality check with satellite images, total eradication was reduced to 2644 ha. Snapshots of satellite data showing reporting of eradication twice for the same field in Hilmand is provided below.

Eradicated poppy fields showing two da tes of eradication (yellow text) in district, Hilmand province.

Dasht-e-Hilmand village, Nadi Ali

9 Correction of GLE reports in Badakhshan province based on satellite image analysis

An area of 1389 ha of eradication was reported by verifiers in Badakhshan province. Satellite images covering approximately 1100 ha (79%) of the total eradicated area were checked for authenticating the reported eradication. The eradication area reported from field and area measured on satellite images was compared for each field. Over-reporting of the eradicated area was observed to the extent of 3.46 times the reported area. The final eradication figure for Badakhshan province is derived using 3.46 as correction factor. Total area of eradication reported from field in Badakhshan province was 1,389 ha. After quality check with satellite images, total area of eradication was reduced to 401 ha. Snapshot of satellite data over Badakhshan showing the over reported area of eradication is provided below.

Village name: Targi, Daraym district, Badakhshan province Date of eradication: 27 May 2009 The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, measured by verifiers on ground (white text) The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, from satellite image interpretation (yellow text)

10 Methods used for eradication Methods of governor-led eradication included the tractor, animal plough and manual eradication (using sticks). 59% of the governor-led eradication was carried out by tractor, 38% by manual (sticks, uprooting) and 3% by animal plough.

59% 60%

50%

40% 38%

30%

20%

10% 3%

0% Plough Manual Tractor

Figure 3: Percentage of poppy eradication by different methods (GLE)

Eradication by PEF was mostly carried out by ATV and tractors in Hilmand province. However in Badakhshan province the eradication was carried out manually with sticks.

Timing and percentage of eradication by month The graph (Figure 3) shows timing and percentage of governor-led eradication each month. 58 per cent of eradication was carried out in three months from February 2009 to April 2009.

35%

30% 30%

25% 22% 20% 20% 19%

15%

9% 10%

5%

0% February March April May June

Figure 4: Total area of eradication in each month, shown as percentage (GLE)

11 Table 3. Start and end dates of governor-led eradication PROVINCE Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Eradication (ha)

Badakhshan 21-Mar 26-Jun 401 Day Kundi 31-May 6-Jun 27 Farah 14-Apr 18-Apr 43 Faryab 1-May 10-May 261 Hilmand 14-Feb 12-Apr 1475 Hirat 9-Feb 10-May 67 Kabul 6-May 1 Kandahar 13-Apr 10-May 69 Kapisa 3-May 14-Jun 31 Kunar 14-Apr 11-May 11 Nangarhar 12-Apr 21-May 226 Uruzgan 2-Apr 7-May 74

Comparison of Governor-led poppy eradication in 2009 and 2008 Total eradication in 2009 was 2,687 ha from 12 provinces compared to 4,306 ha from 17 provinces in 2008. Major observations on eradication campaign in 2008 and 2009 are given below: o Eradication campaign started in February 2009 in Hilmand and Hirat provinces. In 2008, eradication was reported only from Hilmand province in January. o Eradication progressed in slower pace in 2009 compared to 2008 throughout the country. o Since poppy cultivation level was insignificant in Northern and Eastern regions of Afghanistan in 2008, eradication campaigns were active mostly in South and South- West. o Number of security incidents and fatalities were less in 2009 compared to 2008. About 21 eradication campaign related fatalities were recorded this year against 78 deaths in 2008.

Table 4. Area of Governor-led eradication, 2005-2009

Year Eradication No. of provinces Cultivation (ha) (ha) 2005 4,007 11 104,000 2006 13,051 19 165,000 2007 17,035 26 193,000 2008 4,306 17 157,000 2009 2,687 12 NA

12 Security incidents Security incidents in Badakhshan, Faryab, Hilmand, Hirat, Kandahar, Kunar, Nangarhar, Uruzgan and Zabul provinces included attack, mine explosions, demonstration which have resulted in death of at least 21 persons, most of them were policemen. Majority of the incidents were reported in Hilmand and Kandahar provinces. A summary of security incidents is provided in the table below. A detailed description of the security incidents is set out in Annex 3. Table 5. Summary of security incidents during GLE and PEF Province No of incidents Injured Dead Eradication (Ha) Badakhshan 3 5 420 Day Kundi 0 27 Farah 0 43 Faryab 2 1 1 261 Hilmand 16 25 9 4,119 Hirat 1 1 1 67 Kabul 0 1 Kandahar 6 8 7 69 Kapisa 0 31 Kunar 1 11 Nangarhar 3 5 1 226 Uruzgan 1 3 74 Zabul 1 4 2 0

Regional findings

Eastern region (Kunar, Nangarhar, Kapisa): Governor-led eradication verification • Kunar: A total of 11 hectares of poppy eradication was verified in 12 villages • Nangarhar: A total of 226 hectares of poppy eradication was verified in 33 villages.. • Kapisa: A total of 31 hectares of poppy eradication was verified in 25 villages.

Governor-led eradication in Khugyani district of Governor-led eradication in of Kunar province

13 Southern region (Day Kundi, Hilmand, Kandahar, Uruzgan, Zabul): Governor-led eradication verification • Hilmand: A total of 1,475 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in 54 villages based on satellite data analysis and field reports. • Kandahar: A total 69 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifies in 28 villages based on satellite data and field reports. • Uruzgan: A total of 74 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifies in 25 villages. • Day Kundi: A total of 27 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in 25 villages. • Zabul: No eradication was carried out.

14 Eradication activities led by Poppy Eradication Force (PEF) • PEF-led eradication started in Hilmand on 28 January 2009 and concluded on 9 April. A total of 2,644 hectares of PEF eradication was verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers. PEF eradicated 135% more than last year in Hilmand province (1,121 hectares in 2008). • Cross-checking of eradication using satellite data confirms that eradication was delivered with best possible quality and eradicated fields were accurately measured.

Snapshots of satellite data showing validation of PEF eradication verification is provided below. Village name: Shekh Ali, Nad Ali district, Hilmand province Date of eradication: 04 Feb 2009 The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, measured by verifiers on ground (white text) The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, from satellite image interpretation (yellow text)

Village name: Di mohammad Awor, Nad Ali district, Hilmand province Date of eradication: 31 Jan 2009 The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, measured by verifiers on ground (white text) The area (in ha) of eradicated fields, from satellite image interpretation (yellow text)

15

Governor-led eradication in Nad Ali district of Governor-led eradication in Zhire district of Hilmand province

Poppy at lancing stage in Tirinkot district of Poppy at lancing stage in Zhire district of Kandahar province

PEF eradication in Nad Ali district of Hilmand Farmer resistance against PEF eradication in Nad Ali province district of Hilmand province

16

Western region (Badghis, Ghor, Farah, Hirat, Nimroz): Governor-led eradication verification • Farah: A total of 43 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in 8 villages. • Hirat: A total of 67 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in 31 villages. • No eradication was carried out in Badghis, Ghor and Nimroz provinces. .

Governor-led eradication in Adraskan district of Governor-led eradication in of Hirat Hirat province province

Northern region (Baghlan, Balkh, Faryab, Jawzjan, Samangan, Sari Pul): Governor-led eradication verification • Faryab: A total of 261 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in 10 villages. • No eradication was carried out in Baghlan, Balkh, Jawzjan, Samangan and Sari Pul provinces. .

Governor-led eradication in Ghormach district of Governor-led eradication in Ghormach district of Faryab province

17 North-eastern region (Badakhshan, Takhar): Governor-led eradication verification • Badakhshan: A total of 401 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in 158 villages based on satellite data analysis and field reports. • No eradication was carried out in . Eradication activities led by Poppy Eradication Force (PEF) • Badakhshan: A total of 19 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in 11 villages.

Governor-led eradication in Yaftal-iSufla district of Governor-led eradication in of Badakhshan province Badakhshan province

Central region (Kabul): • Kabul: A total of 1 hectares of poppy eradication were verified by MCN/UNDOC verifiers in 3 villages. The locations of GLE and PEF eradiation are shown in Annex 3.

18

Annex 1 Methodology: Governor-led eradication verification

MCN-UNODC Survey Coordinators

Coordination and Quality Control

Eradication Embedded Governor Led Verifiers Eradication Team

Daily Report Survey Forms

Daily Telephone Second data Contact Quality Check

Verification Reporters, Periodical Database Reports Kabul

1. Eradication verifiers are part of the governor-led eradication teams. 2. The verifiers take measurements of each eradicated field, collect its GPS coordinates and photographs. 3. The verifiers draw sketch maps of each field as a reference for area calculations done at a later stage in the Kabul office. 4. The verification reporting officers in Kabul obtain the provisional data from the verifiers through telephone (mobile/satellite phones) and update the database on a daily basis. 5. The verifiers fill in hardcopy survey forms and submit them to the UNODC regional offices. The forms are then sent to the Kabul office for data entry. Quality control is undertaken by MCN/UNODC survey inspectors and regional survey coordinators at the regional level. 6. MCN/UNODC publishes periodical reports to inform stakeholders on eradication activities. 7. The cumulative area eradicated for each province is reported in the weekly reports. 8. Further validation of the results is done using data obtained through satellite imagery to calculate the final area of eradicated poppy fields wherever possible. 9. Pressure of any kind on verifiers to influence their reporting may lead to the suspension or cancellation of the verification survey in that region. 10. The verification survey does not cover self-eradication.

19 Verification of eradication led by Poppy Eradication Force (PEF) 1. MCN/UNODC appointed 14 verifiers. They work together with PEF International verifiers who verify eradication using GPS. 2. PEF international verifiers use “All Terrain Vehicle (ATV)” along eradicated field boundaries and digitize the shape of eradicated poppy field. Verifiers take photograph before and after eradication. 3. MCN/UNODC verifiers accompany PEF International Verifiers to observe the eradication and verification done by PEF verifiers. They also carry out field measurements by manual technique as used in Governor-led eradication verification. 4. The report prepared by PEF International Verifiers is integrated with the observations by MCN/UNODC verifiers and sent to MCN/UNODC, Kabul 5. Further validation of the results is done using data obtained from satellite imagery to calculate the final area of eradicated poppy fields.

20

Annex 2:

GLE and PEF eradication figures verified (by district) Province District Eradication No. of fields No. of villages (ha) eradication eradication verified reported reported Badakhshan-GLE Argo 162 797 60 Badakhshan-GLE Darayim 135 458 52 Badakhshan-GLE Faizabad 14 25 4 Badakhshan-GLE Kishim 14 56 10 Badakhshan-GLE Tashkan 23 85 14 Badakhshan-GLE Wardooj 14 141 8 Badakhshan-GLE Yaftal-I-Sufla 39 36 10 Badakhshan-PEF Argo 12 150 7 Badakhshan-PEF Yaftal-i-Sufla 7 89 4 Sub total 420 1,838 169 Day Kundi-GLE Kiti 15 48 5 Day Kundi-GLE Shahristan 12 65 8 Sub total 27 113 13 Farah-GLE Bala Buluk 43 75 8 Sub total 43 75 8 Faryab-GLE Ghormach * 261 236 10 Sub total 261 236 10 Hilmand-GLE Lashkargah (Provincial Center) 616 973 26 Hilmand-GLE Nad Ali 575 910 19 Hilmand-GLE Naher-I- Saraj 175 193 6 Hilmand-GLE Nawa-i- Barukzai 109 199 3 Hilmand-PEF Nad Ali 1,994 1,002 8 Hilmand-PEF Naher-i- Saraj 642 370 3 Hilmand-PEF Lashkargah (Provincial Center) 8 7 1 Sub total 4,119 3,654 66 Hirat-GLE Adraskan 7 52 4 Hirat-GLE Kushk (Rubat-I- Sangi) 5 9 3 Hirat-GLE Shindand 55 186 24 Sub total 67 247 31 Kabul-GLE Surubi 1 9 3 Sub total 1 9 3 Kandahar-GLE Arghandab 24 60 12 Kandahar-GLE Kandahar (Provincial Center) 2 5 2 Kandahar-GLE Panjwayee 12 13 6 Kandahar-GLE Shiga(Takhta Pul) 6 20 4 Kandahar-GLE Zhire 25 56 4 Sub total 69 154 28 Kapisa-GLE Koh Band 22 154 19 Kapisa-GLE Mahmood Raqi (Provincial Center) 0.22 1 1 Kapisa-GLE Nijrab 7 58 4 Kapisa-GLE Tagab 2 11 1 Sub total 31 224 25 Kunar-GLE Dangam 8 79 3 Kunar-GLE Khas Kunar 1 8 1 Kunar-GLE Noor Gal 1 32 5 Kunar-GLE Sar Kani 1 6 1 Kunar-GLE Shigal Wa Sheltan 1 27 2 Sub total 11 152 12

21 Province District Eradication No. of fields No. of villages (ha) eradication eradication verified reported reported

Nangarhar-GLE Achin 61 215 3 Nangarhar-GLE Hesarak 27 95 9 Nangarhar-GLE Khugyani 105 371 15 Nangarhar-GLE Lalpoor 4 30 2 Nangarhar-GLE Nazyan 2 16 1 Nangarhar-GLE Sher Zad 27 81 3 Sub total 226 808 33 Uruzgan-GLE Chora 0.01 5 1 Uruzgan-GLE Dihrawud 37 77 9 Uruzgan-GLE Tirinkot (Provincial Center) 33 265 16 Sub total 74 371 26 Grand Total 5,351 7,881 435 * Ghormach earlier was a district of . Now it is under the administrative control of Faryab province.

22 Afghanistan: Eradication locations - GLE and PEF, 2009

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ShikiDarwaz-i Payin (mamay) UZBEKIISTAN Darwaz-i- Bala (nesay) Kuf Ab Khwahan TAJIIKIISTAN Raghistan Shighnan Yangi Qala Yaw an Darqad Chahab Kohistan KhamyabQarqin Shahri Buzurg ShorTepaShahrak-i-Hairatan DashtiQala Yaftal-i-SuflaArghanj Khwah Khani ChaharBagh Mingajik Dowlat abad Kaldar Hazrati Imam Sahib Rustaq Argo Shuhada Qurghan Qala-i-Zal Dashti-i-Archi Baharak TURKMENIISTAN MardyanChahar Bolak Khash Badakhshan Khwajah DuKohJawzjan BaharakKalafgan Darayim Eshkashim Wakhan Qaram Qul Andkhoy Khanaqa BalkhNahr-i-Shahi Khulm Kunduz KishimTashkan Jurm Wardooj Sheberghan (Provincial Center)Faizabad Chahar Darah BalkhMarmul Khanabad Takhar Dowlat abad Chimtal Bangi Tagab Chahar KentFayroz Nakhcheer Ali Abad Farkhar Yamgan Zaybak EshkamishNamak Ab Sari Pul (Provincial Center)Sholgarah Hazrat-i-SultanBaghlan-i-Jadeed Shirin Tagab Burka Sar-i-PolSayyad Darah-i-Suf-i-PayinKhuram wa Sar Bagh Khwajah Hijran (Jalgah) Warsaj Qush Tepah Sozma Qala Kishindeh Nahreen Almar Faryab Kiran wa Munjan Bil Chiragh Sangcharak Zari Samangan Khost wa Firing Pashtun Kot Gosfandi Dahana-i- Ghuri Barg-i-Matal Ghormach Darah-i-Soof-i-Bala Baghlan Gurziwan Roi-Do-Ab Andarab Paryan Qaisar Sari Pul Dushi Nuristan Paroon (Provincial Center) Kohistanat Balkhab Khinjan Mandol Kamdesh Bala Murghab Kahmard Panjshir Kohistan Salang Talah wa Barfak Darah Nari Gulran Muqur Shinwari Nijrab NuristanWaygal Chahar Sadah Yakawlang Saighan Du Ab Ghazi Abad Kushk (Rabat-i-Sangi) Badghis Shigal wa Sheltan 35°N Jawand Shebar 35°N Kusk-i-KohnahAb Kamari Parwan Kapisa Alingar KunarDangam Qadis Bamyan Shaykh Ali Tagab Chapa DaraMara warah Qala-i-Now (Provincial Center) Chaghcharan (Provincial Center) Bamyan (Provincial Center) Koh-i-Safi Surkh-i-Parsa Laghman Noor galSar Kani Kohsan Lal wa Sarjangal Karrukh Dowlatyar Hisah-i-Awal Behsud Jalrez Kabul SurubiQarghayeeBehsud Khas Kunar Enjil Chiisht-i-Sharif Panjab Kabul Goshta Obe Khak-i-Jabar Zendah Jan Hirat Markaz-i- BehsudWardak Nerkh Hesarak Lalpoor Legend Shahrak Do Lainah Sang-i-Takht Daimirdad Mohmand Dara IINDIIA Ghoryan Pashtun Zarghun Waras Azra Nangarhar Hirat Ishtarlay Chak-i-Wardak Khugyani AchinDur Baba Niizam-i-Shahid (Guzarah) Tulak Sayyidabad Jaji Deh Bala Nazyan Ghor Khedir Logar Fersi MirAmor Jaghatu Pul-i-AlamKhoshi Nili (Provincial Center) Nawur Samkani Poppy eradication force (PEF) Day kundi Rashidan Adraskan Kharwar Jaji Maidan Governor-led eradication (GLE) Saghar Pasaband Shahristan Bak Taywara Kiti Ajristan Waghaz Paktiya Deh Yak Zurmat Shwak Gizab Malistan Terayzai (Ali Sher) District boundary Andar Mata Khan Nika Khost Shindand Kajran Ghazni Ziruk Pur Chaman Spera TanayGurbuz Jaghuri Qara Bagh Sar Rowza Provincial boundary Anar Darah Baghran Chorah Khas Uruzgan Giro Shahidi Hasas Muqur UrgunGiyan Omna Kakar Kak-e Afghan Ab Band Khak-i-SafedBala Buluk Uruzgan Gelan SurubiBarmal Gulistan Jani Khel Musa Qala Dihrawud Daychopan PushtRodFarah Nowzad Kajaki ArghandabShah Joi Qala-i-Kah Nesh Miya Neshin Paktika Farah (Provincial Center) Nawa Gomal Bakw ah Naw Bahar Wazahkhwah Mizan Shib Koh Washer Sangin Qala Shah Wali Kot ZabulQalat (Provincial Center) Delaram Ghorak Khakrez PAKISTAN Tarnak wa Jaldak Shinkai Turwo Wor Mamay PAKISTAN Naher-i-Saraj Shemel zai Lash-i-Juwayn Arghandab Atghar Khash Rod Zhire Nad Ali Maiwand Lashkargah (Provincial Center) Arghistan Kandahar (Provinclal Center) Maruf Kang Nawa-i-Barukzai Panjwayee Spin Boldak Asl-i-Chakhansur Hilmand Zaranj (Provincial Center) Kandahar IIRAN Garm Ser Daman Nimroz 0 50 100 200 Km GCS_WGS_84 Chahar Burjak Shorabak Reg-i-Khan Nishin Reg 30°N 30°N Dishu

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Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Eradication Survey 2009 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Annex 3: Resistance by farmers and security incidents • 9 February: PEF eradication team in Nad Ali district of Hilmand province was hit by road mine on its way from eradication site to the base camp. It was not clear if IED was planted intentionally or it was left over from the civil war. • 16 Februray: PEF eradication team was attacked by anti-government elements that caused two fatalities of national force. One car is completely damaged. • 18, 19 Februray: GLE team in Nawah-i-Barukzayi and Nad Ali districts came under attack from anti-government elements injuring 3 police personnel. • 26 February: GLE team in Lashkar Gah district came under attack from anti-government elements without causing any injuries or loss of life. • 02, 05 March: AGE attacked the GLE team but fortunately no one either injured or dead. • 03 March: PEF eradication team was attacked by AGE killing one national army soldier. • 07 March: GLE team was under heavy attack by AGE in Nawa-i-Barakzayi district in which 3 police personnel were hurt. • 11 March: There was attack on GLE team by AGE in Dast-e Bolan area where 1 tractor driver was injured. • 12 March: A mine exploded on the way of PEF team which injured 5 police. • 14 March: GLE team was attacked by AGE in Dorahi Marja area of Nad Ali district. There was no report of casualty. • 18 March: AGE attacked the GLE team in Basharan village of Lashkar Gah district of Hilmand province. In the attack one police was killed and two seriously injured. • 23 March: AGE attacked the GLE team in Dorahi Marja area of Nad Ali district. A total of seven police were injured in the attack. • 29 March: AGE attacked the GLE team in Shindak Manda village, Nahri Sarraj district of Hilmand province. • 1 April: GLE came under AGE attack in Naher-i-Saraj district of Hilmand province in which two police were injured. • 9 April: A Suicide attack hit the GLE team on their way to Naher-i-Saraj district of Hilmand province. In the attack, 6 police including one police chief were killed and 2 police were injured. • 16 April: GLE team was attacked by AGE in Zhire district of Kandahar province. No causality is reported. • 16 April: GLE team was attacked by AGE in Shindand district of Hirat province. One police was killed and one injured. • 19 April: GLE team was attacked by AGE in Nazyan district of Nangarhar province. One police was killed and one injured. • 19 April: The GLE teams was attacked by mine explosion on the way to Panjwayee district of Kandahar province. In the explosion, two police were killed and one police was injured. • 22 April: Farmers resisted on eradication by attacking the GLE team in Wochkot Nargosi area of .

23 • 25 April: A mine blasted in Kaftar Manda area of Tirinkot district of Uruzgan province. Three police were injured. • 26 April: A mine exploded in Zhire Dasht of Zhire district of Kandahar province. In the blast three police and 2 labors died and seven labors were injured. • 27 April: GLE team was attacked by AGE in Panjwayee district of Kandahar province with no casualty. • 27 April: A mine discovered in Nagahan area of Arghandab district of Kandahar province which was put for the GLE team. • 29 Apri: GLE team was attacked by AGE in Panjwayee district of Kandahar province with no casualty. • 05 May: GLE team came under the attack of AGE in Ghormach district of Faryab province during eradication operations. One police was killed and one was injured. • 09 May: AGE attacked the GLE team in Khugyani district of Nangarhar province and a mine exploded in Kachala village of Khugyani district. In the blast, two police, one laborer and one villager were injured. • 08 May: A mine blasted on the way of GLE team while they were proceeding for eradication in Arghandab district of . In the explosion, two police were killed and four were inujred. • 10 May: GLE team came under attack of the AGE in Ghormach district of Faryab province. • 11 May: AGE attacked the GLE team on the way to Dangam district of . • 14 May: A demonstration was held by villagers of Kishim district of Badakhshan province aginst Goveronor-led eradication. During the demonstration, two police and one villager were injured. • 18 May: A demonstration was held by villagers of Tashkan district of Badakhshan province against Governor-led eradication. • 20 May: A demonstration was held by villagers in Kishim district of Badakhshan province. During the demonstration, two police were injured.

Suicide attack on GLE team in of Mine explosion in Khugyani district of Nangarhar Hilmand province province

24 Afghanistan: Security incidents during eradication, 2009

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UZBEKISTAN TAJIKISTAN Badakhshan TAJIKISTAN

Yaftal-i-Sufla TURKMENISTAN Argo Kunduz Darayim Jawzjan Balkh TakharKish imTashkan

Faryab Samangan Ghormach Baghlan Sari Pul Panjsher Nuristan Badghis Nijrab 35°N Kushk (Rabat-i-Sang i) ParwanKapisa Shig al wa Sheltan 35°N KunarDangam Bamyan LaghmanNoor gal Kabul Khas Kunar Suru bi Legend Wardak Khugyani Lalpoor IINDIIA Hirat Sherzad Ghor Logar Nangarhar Attack Daykundi AchinNazyan Adraskan Paktya Demonstration Ghazni Khost Shin dand Mine explosion + Attack Bala Bu luk

Dihrawud Tirin Kot (Provincial Center) No incidence No of incidents Injured Dead Eradication Farah Zabul (Ha) Uruzgan Badakhshan 3 5 420 Naher-i-Saraj Arghandab Day Kundi 0 27 Nad Ali Zhire Farah 0 43 Kandahar (Provinclal Center) Nawa-i-Barukzai Faryab 2 1 1 261 Spin Boldak Hilmand 16 25 9 4,119 Hilmand Panjwayee IIRAN Hirat 1 1 1 67 Nimroz PAKISTAN Kabul 0 1 Kandahar 6 8 7 69 Kandahar Kapisa 0 31 Kunar 1 11 30°N Nangarhar 3 5 1 22360°N Uruzgan 1 3 74 0 50 100 200 Zabul 1 4 2 0 Km GCS_WGS_84 60°E 65°E 70°E 75°E

Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Eradication Survey 2009 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.