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10 MM VENKATESHWARA HISTORY OF INDIA OPEN UNIVERSITY (1526-1857AD) www.vou.ac.in HISTORY OF INDIA INDIA OF HISTORY HISTORY OF INDIA (1526-1857AD) ( 1526 BA [BAG-103] - 1857AD ) VENKATESHWARA OPEN UNIVERSITYwww.vou.ac.in HISTORY OF INDIA (1526-1857 AD) BA [BAG-103] BOARD OF STUDIES Prof Lalit Kumar Sagar Vice Chancellor Dr. S. Raman Iyer Director Directorate of Distance Education SUBJECT EXPERT Dr. Pratyusha Dasgupta Assistant Professor Dr. Meenu Sharma Assistant Professor Sameer Assistant Professor CO-ORDINATOR Mr. Tauha Khan Registrar Authors: Eesha Narang, Asstt. Professor, Deptt. of Social Science, Hans Raj College, Delhi Units (2.4-2.6, 3.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.3, 3.3, 5.3.2) © Eesha Narang, 2019 Rajeev Garg, Freelance Author Units (6.2, 6.3, 6.4-6.4.1, 7.4-7.4.1) © Reserved, 2019 Dr Vijay Kumar Tiwary, TGT, Directorate of Education, Govt. of National Capital Territory, Delhi Bhaskar Pridarshy, Guest Lecturer, School of Open Learning, University of Delhi Units (6.4.2, 6.5) © Dr Vijay Kumar Tiwary & Bhaskar Pridarshy, 2019 Vikas Publishing House: Units (Unit 1, 2.0-2.3, 2.7-2.12, 3.0-3.1, 3.2.2, 3.4-3.8, Unit 4, 5.0-5.3.1, 5.4-5.8, 6.0-6.1, 6.2.1, 6.6-6.10, 7.0-7.3, 7.4.2-7.4.3, 7.5-7.10, Unit 8) © Reserved, 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Publisher. Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT LTD E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301 (UP) Phone: 0120-4078900 Fax: 0120-4078999 Regd. Office: A-27, 2nd Floor, Mohan Co-operative Industrial Estate, New Delhi 1100 44 Website: www.vikaspublishing.com Email: [email protected] SYLLABI-BOOK MAPPING TABLE History of India (1526-1857 AD) Syllabi Mapping in Book Unit - I Establishment of Mughal Empire: Babur Unit 1: Origin of the Mughal Empire Sher Shah Suri and his Administration (Pages 3-53); Akbar: Expansion of Empire, Rajput Policy and Religious Policy Unit 2: Mughal Administration Aurangzeb: Relations with Rajputs and Religious Policy (Pages 55-80) Deccan Policy of the Mughals Relations of Mughals with the Sikhs Mughal Administration: Central and Provincial Institutions: Mansabdari and Jagirdari Systems Decline of Mughal Empire Unit - II Agrarian and Land Revenue System under the Mughals Unit 3: Economic and Social Currency System of the Mughals Structure Under the Mughals (Pages Medieval Social Structure: Ruling Class, Religious Class, 81-98); Peasants and Artisans Unit 4: Sufi and Bhakti Movements Position of Untouchables and Women (Pages 99-112); Bhakti and Sufi Movements Unit 5: Cultural Background Under the Cultural Trends: Education, Literature, Art and Architecture Mughals (Pages 113-132) Pre-British India: Handicraft Industry; Trade and Commerce; Village Community Unit - III Rivalry between the French and the British in India Occupation of Bengal by the British: Battles of Plassey Unit 6: Establishment of the British and Buxer Empire in India (Pages 133-168); Consolidation of the British Empire: Conquest over Mysore and Unit 7: India Under the British Raj Marathas; Subsidiary Alliance System and Doctrine of Lapse (Pages 169-196) Uprising of 1857: Causes and Consequences Land Revenue System of the British: Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari Settlement and Mahalwari Settlement Decline of Handicraft Industries Introduction of Modern Education Development of Railways and its Impact Unit - IV Maps (India) Political Conditions of India in 1526 Unit 8: Maps (India) (Pages 197-202) Mughal Empire at the Death of Akbar (1605) Mughal Empire at the Death of Aurangzeb (1707) Expansion of British Empire upto 1856 Major Centres of the Uprising of 1857 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 UNIT 1 ORIGIN OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 3-53 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Unit Objectives 1.2 Establishment of Mughal Empire 1.2.1 Babur 1.2.2 First Battle of Panipat and Battle of Khanwah 1.2.3 Babur as an Empire Builder 1.3 Sher Shah Suri and his Administration 1.3.1 Character, Personality and Achievements of Sher Shah 1.3.2 Administration and Reforms of Sher Shah Suri 1.4 Akbar 1.4.1 Expansion of Empire 1.4.2 Akbar’s Imperialist Policy 1.4.3 Religious Policy of Akbar 1.4.4 Rajput Policy of Akbar 1.5 Aurangzeb 1.5.1 Religious Policy of Aurangzeb 1.5.2 Relations with the Rajputs 1.6 Summary 1.7 Key Terms 1.8 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 1.9 Questions and Exercises 1.10 Further Reading UNIT 2 MUGHAL ADMINISTRATION 55-80 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Unit Objectives 2.2 Deccan Policy of the Mughals 2.3 Relations of Mughals with the Sikhs 2.3.1 Aurangzeb and the Sikhs 2.4 Central Administration of the Mughals 2.4.1 Salient Features of the Central Administration 2.4.2 Significance of Emperor 2.4.3 Chief Departments of Administration 2.4.4 Personnel Administration 2.4.5 Structure of the Central Government 2.5 Provincial Administration of the Mughals 2.6 Mansabdari System and the Jagirdari System 2.6.1 Main Characteristics of Mansabdari System 2.6.2 Changes Occurring in the Mansabdari System after Akbar 2.6.3 Merits of the Mansabdari System 2.6.4 Demerits of Mansabdari System 2.7 Decline of Mughal Empire 2.8 Summary 2.9 Key Terms 2.10 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 2.11 Questions and Exercises 2.12 Further Reading UNIT 3 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE UNDER THE MUGHALS 81-98 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Unit Objectives 3.2 Agrarian and Land Revenue System under the Mughals 3.2.1 Land Revenue System 3.2.2 Mughal Kingship 3.2.3 Main Features of the Mughal Administration 3.3 Medieval Social Structure 3.3.1 Family Life during the Mughal Period 3.3.2 Caste System 3.3.3 Position of Women 3.4 Summary 3.5 Key Terms 3.6 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 3.7 Questions and Exercises 3.8 Further Reading UNIT 4 SUFI AND BHAKTI MOVEMENTS 99-112 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Unit Objectives 4.2 Sufism: Emergence, Spread and Popularity 4.2.1 Philosophy of Sufism 4.2.2 Leaders of the Sufi Movement 4.2.3 Teachings of Sufism 4.3 History of Sufism 4.4 Principles of Sufism 4.5 Bhakti Movement and Socio-cultural Reforms 4.5.1 Characteristics of Bhakti Movement 4.5.2 Preachers of the Bhakti Movement 4.6 Summary 4.7 Key terms 4.8 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 4.9 Questions and Exercises 4.10 Further Reading UNIT 5 CULTURAL BACKGROUND UNDER THE MUGHALS 113-132 5.0 Introduction 5.1 Unit Objectives 5.2 Cultural Trends 5.2.1 Education 5.2.2 Literature 5.2.3 Art and Architecture 5.3 Trade and Commerce in Before the Colonization of India 5.3.1 Handicraft Industry 5.3.2 Village Community 5.4 Summary 5.5 Key Terms 5.6 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 5.7 Questions and Exercises 5.8 Further Reading UNIT 6 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 133-168 6.0 Introduction 6.1 Unit Objectives 6.2 The French and the English 6.2.1 British-French Rivalry 6.3 Occupation of Bengal by the British 6.3.1 Battle of Plassey 6.3.2 Battle of Buxar 6.4 Consolidation of the British Empire 6.4.1 Conquest over Mysore 6.4.2 Conquest over Marathas 6.5 Uprising of 1857: Causes 6.5.1 Consequences of the Revolt 6.6 Summary 6.7 Key Terms 6.8 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 6.9 Questions and Exercises 6.10 Further Reading UNIT 7 INDIA UNDER THE BRITISH RAJ 169-196 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Unit Objectives 7.2 Land Revenue System of the British 7.2.1 Permanent Settlement in Bengal 7.2.2 Ryotwari Settlement in the Deccan 7.2.3 Mahalwari Settlement in Central India 7.3 Decline of Handicrafts 7.4 Introduction to Modern Education 7.4.1 Rammohan Roy 7.4.2 Derozio (1809–1831) 7.4.3 Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (26 September 1820 – 29 July 1891) 7.5 Development of Railways and its Impact 7.6 Summary 7.7 Key Terms 7.8 Answers to ‘Check Your Progress’ 7.9 Questions and Exercises 7.10 Further Reading UNIT 8 MAPS (INDIA) 197-202 Introduction INTRODUCTION Babur (AD 1526–30), who founded the Mughal Empire in India, was the descendant of NOTES Timur as well as Ghenghiz Khan. Ousted by his cousins, he came to India and defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last Lodi Sultan, in AD 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat. There was a short break (AD 1540–1555) in Mughal rule when Babur’s son Humayun was dethroned from Delhi by an Afghan ruler, Sher Shah Suri.
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