Youngstown CIO Backs Kutcher’s t h e PUBLISHEDMILITANT WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Civil Rights Rally Vol. XX — No. 10 ?67 NEW YORK, N. Y., MONDAY, MARCH 5, 1956 PRICE: 10 Cent« By Shirley Clark FEB. 27 — A civil liberties rally, sponsored by the Kutcher Civil Rights Committee, is being mobilized by united labor, Negro and civil liberties forces in Youngs­ town Obiio. Scheduled to be heldi^ on Friday, March 9, at 8 P. M. lean Civil Liberties Union, will at the YMCA, Central Branch, speak on "Civil Liberties — Which Labor Officials Remain Silent tlhe Rally promises to be a Way?" And Mate Lee, an active vigorous demonstration for the civil rights leader in Ohio, will growing demand that Kutcher’s speak on “The Negro’s Struggle job be restored to him finally for Freedom.” aifter nearly eight years of strug­ gle. Kutcher was fired from ihis CALLING FOR SUPPORT job with the Veterans Adminis­ The CIO Council has asked all tration for his openly proclaimed its affiliated locals to support the On One-Hour Work Stoppage membership in the- Socialist Civil Liberties Rally. The KCRC Workers Party. is planning to distribute announce­ In addition bo James Ku'tcher, ments to about 20 of the union ALABAMA NEGRO LEADERS INDICTED IN BUS BOYCOTT the now famous legless veteran, locals. The ACLU and an inter­ Stevenson Needs A1 Shipka, President of the racial committee are also mailing March 28 Set As Day Mahoning County CIO Council, the Rally program tb their mem­ will speak on “Labor’s Stake in berships. A History Lesson the Bill of Rights.” Professor E. Students on the campus of How old is Jim Crow? Ac­ B. Smith, representing the Aimer- Youngstown College have shown cording to Adlai Stevenson, For Protest Against a great deal of interest in the call leading Democratic presidential for the Civil . Liberties Rally. aspirant in his Feb. 7 Los Notices have been posted on all Angeles remarks, the “habits campus bulletin hoards. The and traditions” of Southern Montgomery Arrests Youth Council of the NAACP at segregation are “older than the the University is especially active Republic.” Stevenson opposed By Harry Ring in advertising the coming meet­ use of Federal troops to Seven leaders of the Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott surrender to cops after indictment under ing. Reflecting the anger of millions in America at the enforce school desegregation, state law originally aimed against 1921 coal miners’ strikes. A ll told, 115 indictments were re­ mass arrests of leaders of the Montgomery anti-Jim Crow The four speakers and the four pleading that these allegedly turned against participants in thé 12-week-old Negro boycott of the city’s Jim Crow bus lines. subjects on Which they will talk old traditions not be “upset” Defendants are (1. to r.) : Rev/ R. fD. Abernathy, Rev. Gardner (not indicted), Rufus Lewis, Rev. bus boycott movement, a drive has been initiated by top is a dramatic demonstration of and be changed only “gradu­ Leroy R. Bennett, ÎRcv. W. F. Alford, Rev. J. H. Cherry, Rev. H. H. Herbert and E li Judkins. Negro religious leaders for ai>- the growing unity that is develop­ ally.” Stevenson was either They face sentences of six-months in jail and $1,000 fines. All were released in $300 bond per March 28 “National Deliverance proposal for a national day of ing in the fight for freedom in ignorant of or chose to hide defendant. Day” of prayer and protest. prayer he was opposed to a work America. The laibor movement is the real facts about Jim Crow. A meeting of the Interdenomi­ stoppage. The following ndgihit, in faced with vicious anti - labor He buried the record of the national Ministers Meeting of a radio interview, Powell made legislation amd union-busting at­ Reconstruction Period follow­ Greater New York announced an ambiguous statement to the tempts by powerful companies; ing the Civil War. During Re­ Feb. 24 that if the ca/mpacgn is effect that the proposed demon­ che Negro movement is faced with construction, the Negroes successful “on this day, no Negro stration was not actually a work the gigantic job of liberating the achieved full political equality. Open Letter to Civil Rights man, woman or child shall work stoppage — where people could Negro people forever from Jim The former slaves and the poor or attend school from 2 to 3 P.M. get off from work, they should. Crow; the youth is faced with a white workers and farmers A t the same tame he pointed out regimented future and threats to “Instead, they shall pray at united to elect legislatures church or at home for deliverance that President Jackson was academic freedom; and Kutcher Assembly in Washington speaking solely as an individual which brought substantial from persecution and for the sal­ represents minority political par­ progress to the South — nota­ and that ha6 opinion was not ties that have been faced with the By the Editors vation of all humans afflicted bly the public school system with racial prejudice.” binding on the Baptist church. He Big Business attempt to legislate (on an integrated basis). Be­ To the delegates at the Civil Rights of the civil rights issue and proposed — went on to report that he received and witch hunt all organized po­ tween 1869 and 1876, when Assembly gathered in Washington, D. C., that the Congress set up a bipartisan com­ SUPPORT FOR BOYCOTT expressions of support from litical opposition out of existence. Reconstruction ended, 16 Ne­ March 4-6. Greetings! Adam Clayton Powell, Demo­ virtually every bishop of the The Youngstown Civil Liberties mittee to investigate the matter! groes served in the U.S. Con­ cratic Congressman from New church and particularly from the Rally offers the workers and This conference, representing the major And the representative of the majority gress from Southern states, York and pastor of the Abbvsinian chiurdh’s youth section. The tenor youth in that area the chance to including two in the Sen­ organizations of the working people, Ne­ party of Congress, presidential-aspirani Baptist Church, who chaired the of Powell’s remarks strongly in.« give a united answer to the union- ate (representing Mississippi). gro and white, is the most important Adlai Stevenson, author of the infamou; meeting, said the group planned (Continued on page 3) busters, the eegregators and the Afterwards, Jim Crow was gathering in the United States today. Some statement, “we must be careful not to to enlist white support for the witch hunters. In the long and established by force and vio­ one hour prayer-protest and for heroic struggle of James Kutcher of you may know that we strongly urged upset the habits and traditions of the lence by Southern propertied the broadening of the conference to include the mass rallies to be held that for his rights under the constitu­ interests supported by North­ South,” proposed — that the President use night throughout the country. In tion, the forces are gathering Trotsky’s Widow ern Big Business. It was not mass delegations from every local union, his powerful office to take some decisive has original announcement Mr. that, united, will restore the civil victorious until the turn of the Negro and m inority organization in the action. Powell said efforts would be made liberties of all >vho are denied century. to rent Madison Square Garden JAMES KUTCHER them. country. We fe lt that a greateir4'epresenta- What action? The same action proposed Demands Kremlin tion from the rank and file of the Negro by the governor of Alabama — a meeting for the New York rally. He later announced that the meeting and labor movements would have a strong­ of “ moderate,” “ gradualist” leaders of would be held at Manhattan Clear His Name er affect on the government and Congress. both races in the South to curb the “ ex­ Center. FEB. 29 — Natalia Trotsky Police Assault Picket at Republic Strike We thought Dr. T. R. M. Howard’s ringing tremists” of both sides! Negro officials of the clothing, called on the 20th Congress of call for a million Americans to come to The “ extremists” Stevenson refers to laundry and sleeping car porters the Soviet Communist Party last unions met Saturday with Powell Washington to speak to the “deaf ear” of among the Negroes are the bus boycotters week to remove the label, “enemy to discuss plans for the “Deliver­ of the people,” from the names the powers-that-be was in tune with the of Montgomery, Miss Lucy of Tuscaloosa ance Day” demonstration. “We of Leon Trotsky and their son, needs of the times. and Representative Adam Clayton Powell are going to exhaust every mass Leon Sedov. Taking note of the The officials of the Leadership Confer­ in Congress. In other words — everyone act” Powell said. implied disavowal made by Con­ “The demonstration suggested ence on Civil Rights thought otherwise. and anyone who wants to act to implement gress speakers of Stalinist frame- by Powell gathered momentum up trials, Trotsky’s widow Nevertheless, the conference as it is now the Supreme Court decision on desegrega­ across the country,” reported the demanded in a telegram that the constituted, representing as it does the tion is an “ extremist.” Feb. 26 N. Y. Times as church Kremlin restore their names “be­ NAACP, the AFL-CIO, a number of the That’s where the leading spokesman of organizations in the major cities fore international public opinion.” pledged their support to the The wire was dated Feb. 22. most important international unions and the Democratic party stands in this na­ movement. However, still lacking a large number of fraternal, religious, tional crisis on civil rights. He has made Several days earlier Natalia is the one ingredient essential Trotsky had wired the Kremlin veteran and civil rights organizations, is it crystal clear that as president he would for the full success of the demon­ requesting information about her without doubt the voice of tens of millions do no more than Eisenhower to enforce stration — the full weight of other son, Sergei Sedov, who was support of the national AFL-CIO. arrested in 193-7 and disappeared. of Americans who are determined to wage the Constitution, the Bill of Rights and The failure thus far of the a united and effective fight to end the the Supreme Court decision in the South. She -said she had indirect in­ leaders of the union movement to formation he was sent to a con­ abomination, of Jim Crow. And he has made it equally clear that he extend this support imposes sharp centration camp and believed it The express purpose of the Assembly is has no intention of calling on the leaders limitations on the movement. The possible he had been released. problem was posed ths way by to influence this session of the 84th Con­ of his party in Congress to break their a Negro worker in a large New Stalin pursued- the revolutionary gress to enact effective civil rights legisla­ 80-year do-nothing record on civil rights. Jersey auto plant, “The Negroes leader Trotsky and his family tion. It is also the purpose of all the or­ The Civil Rights Assembly is thus faced in my department have been talk­ in a savage vendetta. Trotsky’s ing about the stoppage for several daughter, Nina, denied meda’cail ganizations in the conference to demand with the task of projecting a program and care, died of tuberculosis in Mos­ a plan of action that will bring to bear the days now. They want to support the enforcement of the constitutional it but they all raise the problem cow in 1928. Her sister Zinaida rights of the Negro people by the federal full power of the organized movement it that if the union doesn’t back was driven by persecution of her father and herself to take her government. represents to move Congress and the Ad­ them, how can they risk knocking off the job?” own life in Berlin in 1933. Tlhear Neither the Congress nor the federal ministration into action despite the deter­ brother, Sergei, who shunned mined opposition of the two Big Business In the meantime pressure from government, nor the two Big Business conservative church leaders has politics ■ and - contented himself parties that run them, w ill be easily moved parties. apparently succeeded in sowing with the life of a scientific It (takes more cops than you can count — try it — to belabor one striker, battled to the in this direction. There are four urgent tasks confronting a measure of confusion and in­ worker, was arrested, accused of poisoning workers wholesale. ground outside the Republic Aviation Corp. plant in Farmingdale, L. I. The use of violence to On the eve of the Assembly for Civil the conference: decision among the initiators of break strikes is becoming increasingly frequent as Big Business develops its union-busting plans. Trotsky’s younger son, Leon Rights the President, representing the (1) Organization of a national demon- the movement. On Snnday the The International Association of Machinists, representing the Republic strikers sent wires of • .1 president of the National Baptist Sedov, his friend and co-worker, protest to Governor Harriman against the police brutality and wholesale arrests of pickets. Republican administration of the federal stration to rally support behind the civil ^ nventlion asserted in Miami died suddenly in a Paris hospital government, finally awoke to the urgency (Continued on page 3) I that while he supported the on Feb. 15, 1938, under suspicious By William Bundy for a 19c increase is one of the The picket line remained solid, circumstances pointing to the Feb. 27 — The newly indus­ first major wage-increase de­ however, and the 70 cops on the GPU, as Stalin’s secret police was trialized suburban area of Long mands in 1956. scene were described as “ex­ than named. The French police, Island, N.Y., is once again the The problems in making the hausted.” under GPU pressure refused to in­ scene of a highly militant strike. strike effective and the spirit Company guards and super­ vestigate. Trotsky, himself, was of the strikers is reminiscent of visors inside the plant prepared Why Kremlin Repudiated Stalin murdered by a special assassin Production was halted last week the famous Sperry strike in the bedding and food supplies and a detailed to the job by Stalin. at Republic Aviation's four lation to the imperialists. On of the Communists and of all Presidium, declared: “The theory same area last April. The Re­ few company officials were air­ By M. Stein and J. G. Wright Natalia Trotsky, too, came close plants, the largest single indus­ the contrary, Stalin and his the toilers, the Central Com­ and practice of the cult of the public plants, like Sperry, are lifted over the gates by heli­ The Kremlin bureaucracy came to death in Mexico when a few trial complex in the area. The heritage remain the biggest ob­ mittee has taken measures to individual, alien to the spirit loaded with unorganized “super­ copter. The union offered 4,000 to the 20th Congress of the Rus­ months before Trotsky was killed, strike by 12,000 of Republic’s stacle Khrushchev & company explain widely the Marxist-Len­ of Marxism-Leninism, which be­ visory, engineering, and office passes for supervisory and of­ sian Communist Party, the first she and her husband were the 19,000 employees was called Feb. have to surmount. A t the 20th inist concept of the role of the came widespread up to the 19th personnel” whom the company fice personnel who would not since Stalin died almost three objects of a machine gun attack 19 by International Association Congress the bureaucrats un­ individual in history. The Cen­ Congress, brought considerable can use on production jobs when be used for production work, but years ago, not to pay homage on their bedroom led by David of Machinists Lodge 1987 after loaded Stalin in order to free tral Committee has resolutely damage to party work, organiza­ the organized workers are out the company insisted that it was to their leader and teacher but Siqueiros, a well-known Stalinist. the breakdown of negotiations on their hands in trying to adjust condemned as alien to the spirit tionally as well as ideologically. on strike. going to open the plant “to any­ to repudiate the dead tyrant Bullets narrowly missed the a wage re-opening clause in a themselves to their new condi­ of Marxism-Leninism the cult This theory and practice be­ On Feb. 20 Republic opened one who wants to work.” publicly. They did so because couple. one-year-old, three-year contract. tions and tasks. Not a single of the individual, which con­ littled the role of the popular the gates to a “back-to-work Successful mass picketing con­ Stalin had outlived his useful­ Republic operates entirely on verts this or that, leader into a masses and the role of the party; movement.” Tbe 7,000 employees tinued for the rest of the week. ness to the bureaucracy. From Russian delegate had a good government contracts producing hero and miracle worker and minimized the collective leader­ not included in the JAM bar­ The pickets had their own doc­ an asset to the bureaucratic word to say for Stalin. This is jet aircraft and guided missiles. which, at the same time, be­ ship; undermined internal party gaining unit were threatened tors in a medical trailer on the caste, the tyrant’s very name, in sharp contrast to the 19th littles the role of the party and democracy; stifled the activity, Justin Ostor, Lodge 1987 pres­ with discharge if they did not, scene. Over 80 pickets have been his criminal record and bloody Congress when none dared take of the popular masses, and re­ initiative and self-action of par­ ident, said when he announced report to work, according to arrested and released on $300 reign had turned into an intol­ the floor without grovelling be­ sults in the lowering of their ty members; led to uncontrolled refusal of the company’s five- union sources. bond. A court injunction, issued erable liability. Stalin’s rule had fore the “helovcd leader.” creative efforts. The spread of rule, irresponsibility and even cent-an-hour offer: “The com­ Very early in the morning, Feb. 24, limited pickets to about become so universally hated and THE CULT OF STALIN the cult of the individual mini­ arbitrariness in the work of cer­ pany made more than §14,500,000 some salaried workers entered ten per gate. discredited in the eyes of the mized the role of the collective tain individuals; obstructed the net profits in 1955. It is the the main plant near Farming- Today, the second work day Soviet masses that the bureau­ Khrushchev, the main report­ leadership in the party and led unfoldment of criticism and self- highest profit ever earned by dale. By 6 A.M., however, sev­ since the injunction, several cratic caste stood only to lose er, mentioned (Stalin’s name at times to serious shortcom­ criticism; and engendered one the company. This increased eral hundred pickets massed at. thousand supervisory, engineer­ by remaining identified with once — to take note in passing ings in our work.” (Izvcstia, sided and at times even wrong profit is due directly to the in­ the main gate and persuaded ing and office personnel enter­ him. that he had meanwhile died. He February 15, 1956). decisions.” (Pravda, September creased productivity of our most of the others to remain ed the plant, but “less than a Stalin’s heritage left his suc­ then proceeded to launch an at­ 17, 1955). workers in the last year. They outside. By the end of the day’s dozen” production workers have cessors with no solutions for the tack on the cult of Stalin, with­ Key speakers, following Khru­ are. not being offered their fair out mentioning him by name. shchev, 1‘epudiatcd the “cult of picketing, 58 strikers had been responded to the back-to-work multiple, complex economic and “CONGRESS OF VICTORS” share of the profits they have arrested, including the lodge call. The company admits that political problems they have to The key passage in his report the individual,” etc., without Mikoyan, First Deputy Pre­ earned for the company.” president, and about twenty production has so far not been cope with at heme, within the follows: mentioning Stalin’s name. Sus- mier, mentioned Stalin by name Republic’s workers now aver­ pickets had been injured by cars resumed. The ranks of the strik­ Soviet bloc, in relation to the “In the struggle to promote in lov, member of Khrushchev’s age $1.97 per hour. Their fight which pushed through the line. ers remain solid. “neutralist” countries and in re­ every way the creative activity secretariat and of the Party (Continued on page 2) NATALIA TROTSKY Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, March 5, 1956 Battle to Organize Automation for Profit I Like By Robert Chester vention stated: “Properly used,” ever, a few purely verbal con­ place in the next decade. Every “The future is a door stand­ these changes “can advance by cessions to the union leaders. major corporation is intensively In Dalton, Georgia many years the realization in “We are clearly on the thres­ studying the problem, weighing ing ajar . . . Automation is a Miss Lucy ------By George Lavan ------America of man’s age-old dream hold of an industrial age, the the pros and cons of introducing magical key to creation, not a of an economy of abundance, significance of which we cannot it into their plants. Courses in — By Harriet Talan — The maximum strength of the working people of the blunt instrument of destruction, Improperly used, for narrow and predict, and with potentialities automation engineering and Autherine Lucy is a young woman, raised in humble South will be achieved when Negro and white are united and the worker’s talent and skill selfish purposes, they can create we cannot fully appreciate,” it automation economics are now a social and economic night­ circumstances. AH her life she has had to contend with a under the same banner. Then this mighty force w ill shake will continue to merit reward in conceded, adding that “many in­ part of college curricula. Each mare in which men walk idle heavy handicap — the pattern of Jim Crow discrimination off the dead hand of the past and dividuals will suffer personal, new development is greeted by the fairyland of the world to and hungry . . .” that compels most Negroes, es-$ topple the anti-unuon racists from miserable living conditions and mental and physical hardships a flurry of news articles. come. For the expanding, dy­ pecially in the South, to work What she displayed was not their seats of power. such things as unions. Indeed, in To find a way to meet the as the adjustments go forward.” The Research Institute of namic economy of America, the growing threat the unions put But it contended that “both or­ America polled 1,000 companies harder 'and fight harder than merely physical courage, but In the meantime at is necessary the past period mill owners have sky is indeed the limit . . . Just up a sustained campaign for a ganized labor and management toward the end of 1953 on thedr whites to achieve equal status, moral heroism and true devotion to realize that this unity of the come to contribute to these sects going along for the ride will be government inquiry into auto­ are aware of and intent upon plans to introduce automation. recognition and rewards. Her to principle. South’s working people on class as they long had to the major the greatest thrill on earth!” mation and its effects. They de­ seeing that these human ele­ Seventeen and one-half per cent aspirations are modest—all she Adlai Stevenson, on the other lines has not yet been reached — denominations. manded adequate legislation to ments are not disregarded.” The indicated their intention of using wants to be is a librarian. hand, ran away morally. A t the that is why a great Southern The Church of God of the Union This conclusion of the Nation­ avoid the dangers. As a result sub-committee was gratified by it as soon as possible while an­ Adlai Stevenson was born very moment that Miss Lucy’s union organization drive hold's Assembly, however, was unique. al Association of Manufacturers the Senate - House Subcommittee “the extent to which enlighten­ other 177« expected to use it among the rich, favored by cir­ life was in danger, he chose to such promise. Today the Negro Before it, all sects had bitterly in its pamphlet “Calling All on the Economic Report held ed management is already aware by 1964. Translate these findings cumstance and given the best issue a number of statements on people of the Slouth and the white denounced unions or had preached Jobs,” is not just the lyrical hearings in Washington, Oct. 15, of and accepting responsibility to the whole of American in­ education that 20th century cap­ the West Coast truckling to the workers are on the move, but that pic-in-the-sky made them raving of a press agent. The 1955. Union leaders, technical in this respect.” The conclusion dustry and the impact can well italist society could supply. Life prejudices of Jim Crow and the for the most part in separate unnecessary. The Church of God NAM, along with all other experts and industrial represen­ clearly followed: “A t this stage be imagined. was easy on him; all kinds of delegates who will represent it movements. Happily the direction of the Union Assembly was spokesmen of Big Business, has of the investigation, no specific No wonder a radio poll in honors have been heaped on him of these movements is such that unequivocally pro-union. More­ embarked on a campaign to tatives testified. at the coming Democratic con­ broad-gauge economic legisla­ Detroit found that the greatest and he lacks none of the ma­ their future convergence is forsee- over, while it was not inter-racial “sell” the American people on vention. I f elected President, he CONGRESSIONAL INQUIRY tion appears to be called for.” fear of workers, outside of the terial things our society has to said, he would refuse to use the alble. Moreover, there are mili­ in most of its congregations, it automation. “Automation,” it A t this hearing W alter Reu- question of atomic war, was offer. His ambition is far-reach­ tants in both movements who, did preach against racism in claims, “will solve all our prob­ full powers of that office to ther, U AW president, asked: NO COMPLETE DATA what automation would do to ing—he wants to be president of compel the foes of integration seeing the necessity of unity, are theory. lems if you just bear with us “What should be done to help The full extent to which au­ their jobs. the most powerful country in the heroically working for it at no It is indicative of the growth while we put it into effect.” in the South to abide by the the worker who will be dis­ tomation has progressed has not The perspective of automatic world. small personal risk and sacrifice. of pro-labor sentiment in the Every major publication has laws and court rulings of the placed from his job or the work­ been published. As William Free­ production poses two questions: South that in the war and post­ carried this theme. For example, MY CHOICE land. Even worse, he pleaded These articles then will deal er who will find his highly spe­ man admits in the Jan. 3 Times, war years what had been a very William M. Freeman in the New Can the capitalists go through with his fellow-Democrats and wiith a chapter of the movement cialized skill has been taken over “There is no central clearing Yet if I had a young brother small sect among hundreds began York Times of Jan. 3, 1955, with such a ten-year program the Republicans for a gentle­ of the poor white people of the by a machine? W ill automation house for information on how of automating their plants? And or sister, or if I were asked by to grow. The church acquired con­ makes a sober-sounding apprais­ man's agreement to remove civil South — a movement com­ mean the creation of whole new machines are taking over . . . a high school student whose ex­ siderable property in Daltoni, al: "In the automatic factory, if they can, will they transform rights from consideration as an plementary to the glorious history communities in some areas, Some of the progress is hidden ample he or she should take as Georgia, which is its headquar­ the entire manufacturing pro­ the country’s productive system issue in the 1956 election cam­ currently being made by the while others are turned into behind a security veil, since it a model— Autherine Lucy’s or ters. Its main strength lies in the cess must be engineered to auto­ and institute a new economy of paign. No wonder that Gov. G rif­ Southern Negro. ghost towns?” concerns defense matters. More Adlai Stevenson’s — I wouldn’t mountain region of North Georgaa- matic controls all the way from abundance? An examination, fin of Georgia, who is opposed is not disclosed because the pro­ hesitate for a minute. My choice THE SOUTHERNER Tennessee-Kentucky where most the raw material to the consum­ Industry representatives de­ however, shows that this "fairy­ to letting white and colored foot­ ducers of civilian goods — auto­ land of the world to come,” is is Miss Lucy. A t the beginning of 1955 a new of its thirty-five churches are er, to the end of freeing workers nied that automation meant a ball players on the same field, mobiles, tractors, machine parts just a campaign of ballyhoo de­ I choose Miss Lucy rather newspaper was started in Dalton, found. from drudgery, monotony, and Second Industrial Revolution. hailed Stevenson’s remarks and and the like — are moving too signed to permit Big Business to than Adlai Stevenson as a model Georgia. It was called The South­ fatigue, of reducing worker haz­ Speaking for the N A M , M ar­ congratulated him on having IT ’S A SIN TO SCAB rapidly to pay attention to ques­ for the country’s youth not out erner and was edited by Donald ards, of opening the avenue to shall G. Munce told the sub­ grapple with some immediate “strengthened his position in the It appears that its pro-unionism tions.” problems — problems that di­ of a bias against politics or poli­ West, a native of the area. The more important and better pay­ committee: “ Automation is a South” (which, of course, was was more of a passive force be­ rectly affect the jobs and liveli­ ticians, but because the differ­ paper attracted immediate atten­ ing jobs . . .” comparatively new word, and to Most experts in the field ex­ the intention of the remarks). fore West arrived to edit the hood of the workers. ences between what she does in tion from the labor movement and many people it has become a pect the period of greatest Adlai Stevenson would rather Southerner. Members followed the pursuit of her career (librarian) all those interested in the chang­ THE CRY OF ALARM scare word. Yet it is not es­ change in automation to take [First of a Series] be President than offend the tenets laid down by the church’s and what he does in pursuit of ing South. It had a m¡liftantiy The reason for the campaign sentially different from the pro­ white supremacist forces he has founder, ?6-year-old Rev. Charlie his (President) all reflect credit pro-labor and anti-racist line. It is that cries of alarm have come cess of improving methods of been courting since 1952. A ll Piatt, that to cross a picket line on her— and discredit on him. didn’t talk down to its audience from the unions, scientists and production which has been going Autherine Lucy asks is the right was to sin and that members Miss Lucy has courage of the — the poor white workers and economists who fear that auto­ on throughout human history. to go to a university where she should join unions where they highest order. She dares to chal­ farmers — hut approached them mation might revive the misery “It would be idle to contend,” can acquire the same kind of existed. But with the advent of "AUTOMATION STRIKE" lenge prejudice in the place on the level of their thinking and of the working class that result­ he continued, “that automation training to be a librarian that The Southerner, Church of God where it is strongest. She re­ their interests. ed from the Industrial Revolu­ will not bring about major The strike of 55,000 Wesi- Westinghouse makes it per­ is freely granted to white citi­ members were plunged into the jected the suggestion that she That it was a legitimate and tion of the 1800’s. Professor changes in the economy . . . but inghouse workers, now in its fectly clear that the bosses zens. Stevenson offers an ex­ midst of a union organizing drive move to Detroit, where anti- indigenous voice of the Southern Norbert Weiner of Massachus­ I can assure you with complete will do everything in their ample of squalid expediency^ wiith the newspaper as the active fifth month, is recognized as Negro pressures are not so viru­ white workers was witnessed by etts Institute of Technology, one confidence that they will not be power to recover complete Miss Lucy an example of inspir­ spearhead. the nation’s first automation lent or open, and decided to the fact that all its contributors of the pioneer scientists in the so numerous or widespread or so dictatorial power over the ing integrity. If American youth West was born and raised on a stand her ground in Alabama. were native Southerners, many of theory of automation, coined the condensed in time as to consti­ strikes. The key issue of the labor force in order to develop are to uphold the best traditions mountain farm in the region, his And she stood it valiantly — them mill workers. It rapidly term “Second Industrial Revo­ tute a social or human problem strike has close bearing on the automation exclusively for in­ of this country and if they are heritage was that of the anti­ against vegetables and bricks gained a large local circulation lution.” He warned in his book, of even a minor nature.” The Corporation’s plans to auto­ creasing profits — regardless to help make this a better world slavery, and later Populist, white thrown by “the defenders of and, even more significant, a The Human Use of Human Be­ central point of his testimony mate its plants. Should the of the cost to the worker. to live in, they will shun the ex­ farmers of the South. To this he Southern womanhood,” against considerable circulation through­ ings: “It is perfecetly clear that was: “Automation will clearly be Corporation win the strike it A survey iby U.S. News and ample of Stevenson and honor added by luck and by hard work a the opinion and pressures of “the out the whole South. this will produce an unemploy­ a blessing to the nation if it is could proceed with automation the example of Miss Lucy — by formal education including uni­ World Report shows that most best people in the South,” against The Southerner was the product ment situation, in comparison to allowed to grow by natuval eco­ in complete disregard of the emulating it, as well as they can, versity degrees. For over twenty of the Westinghouse workers what authorities say was a near- of the joining of forces of the which . . . the depression o;f tlhe nomic selection.” effect on wage standards and wherever they can. years he has been working with are living on meager sub­ lynching, averted only by the Ohurcfh of God of the Union ’30’s will seem a pleasant joke.” jobs. sistance and are going into every movement in the- South that This point was repeated by difference of a few minutes. And [This article is reprinted from Assembly and of Don West. The gave any promise of bringing The unions correctly pointed every industrial spokesman and All talk of the “benefits” of debt rather than give in to if she is not facing the mob to­ the March issue of The Wayrti religious sect, which has grown automation to the working Westinghouse tyranny. Despite about social changes. At the same out that, while they did not op- endorsed by Secretary of Labor day, it is not because she ran Soc;aIist, 590 W. Ferry, Detroit and prospered in the past decade, class is exposed as a fraud in these hardhips the workers time he achieved a reputation as pose progress; workers should James P. Mitchell. In its report away, but because the university 2, Mich. (15c. per copy). The provided the print shop and this ruthless attempt of the maintain their fight with ranks a talented poet, writing not about not bear the brunt of these new on Dec. 11, 1955, the Senate- authorities (who think she isn’t author is chairman of the Young financial support and West pro­ an esoteric inner worl'd hut about changes. The 1953 resolution of House Subcommittee accepted company to smash the unions. solid. good enough to go to their Socialist. Club at Wayne Uni­ vided the unpaid services of a the poor whites and Negroes of the United Auto Workers Con-1 the same view, making, how­ school) yielded to the mob. versity. — Ed.] talented literary man and a has beloved Southland. crusading spirit. In 1948 West supported the CLASS BASIS OF CHURCH Wallace Progressive Party. He For many decades in the South was elected, a state official of the there has been a movement of party at ithe cost of his job on a ---Kremlin Rulers' Repudiation of Stalin workers out of the major church college faculty. When he bucked (Continued from page 1) iin’s last days (“the case of the denominations. Coming down from the policy of the Communist the masses, to destroy all of the will be carried out without any spirer of the Soviet working Each time another victim of Jewish physicians”). A t home reduction in pay. The lowest from the mountains, the mill peo­ Party organizer jn Atlanta he got once — as the author of a false organs of workers’ democracy, class, was destroyed under the Stalin is rehabilitated repercus­ the Soviets, the trade unions and the farm crisis was unfolding. paid brackets of workers have ple first go to the churches their a taste of typical Stalinist double- economic analysis of the post­ cover of a struggle against sions follow inside the Soviet “It is necessary to note,” said parents belonged to — usually dealing and slander. Support for war imperialist world, contained other mass organizations. They been promised a wage increase. Trotskyism. These were the Union. Each repudiation tends to Khrushchev at the 20th Con­ Baptist or Methodist. But in the him in the ranks, however, was in Stalin’s last work, “Economic could not have usurped power The pension system is to be years of bureaucratic selection raise the basic issues: Why Stal­ gress, “that . . . in the first towns class differentiation has such that the Stalinist effort to Problems of USSR.” Mikoyan without first despoiling the peo­ revised. The lowest categories and consolidation. By his point­ inism? What about the struggle three to four years of the Fifth led to the more prosperous kick him out as convention dele­ dated the “abnormalities and ple of the political conquests of will receive bigger pensions. Uni­ ed attack on the Trotskyists “and waged by the Russian Left Op­ Five-Year Plan [that is, from elements becoming sooially and gate was beaten. distortions” of Stalin’s rule and the Russian revolution. Stalin versal free education is to be others as the most malignant position under Trotsky against 1951 to 1954] we had virtually religiously dominant in the con­ Unlike many Southern liberals the “flourishing” of the “cult was the ideal leader of these restored in the second-grade enemies of the people, champions the usurping bureaucracy with gregations. left high and dry by the Wallace of the individual” twenty years political gangsters. no growth of the production of schools. Khrushchev also prom­ of the restoration of capitalism,” Stalin at the head? grain and of industrial crops.” Moreover, the better education party fiasco. West neither left the back, under Stalin, or the year But for Stalin’s successors ised “in the near future” to in­ Khrushchev tried to fix rigid and One of the central slogans of The farm crisis was finally re­ and the growing sophistication of South nor gave up the battle. He 1934. This was the year of the gangster methods do not suffice. troduce “free hot lunches” to inviolable limits to the repudia­ Trotsky’s Transitional Program solved by Stalin’s successors the socially dominant element in had long been sympathetic to the 17th Party Congress, the so-called They straddle a Soviet industry school children of the poorer tion of Stalin’s past. However, for the USSR calls for the re­ the old churches reflects itself pro-labor religious sect thiat was “Congress of the Victors,” at which is second only to that of toward the end of 1955 by a parents. political concessions by a totali­ view of “all political trials,” series of emergency measures in the kind of sermons preached, making headway in his native which the bureaucracy pro striated the U.S. The Soviet proletariat A ll this was topped off by a tarian regime set in motion pro­ staged by the Soviet bureaucracy, and concessions to the peasantry. more intelleobualized ministers, corner of Georgia. In 1948 he had itself before Stalin's “genius,” numbering over 48 million in promise to ease the housing cesses which have a logic of “in the light of complete publi­ This means that the relations etc. All of this has served to porsuaded the church to hold a and deified him. Tins was also the 1955 is likewise today the sec­ shortage by doubling the amount their own. city and controversial openness precedent - breaking unsegregated between the workers and Stalin’s estrange the poor and uneducated year of the Kirov assassination ond largest in the world. The of construction in the course of The older generations of the and integrity.” Life itself is now successors were sharpened by mill workers (and other poor peo­ rally for Wallace in Dalton. and the start of the monstrous expansion of this working class, the Sixth Five-Year Plan. Soviet workers will be reminded bringing to the fore the political Though he had been ordlained a food scarcities precisely at a ple of the South) from these blood purges. especially in the postwar years, These material concessions of the true version , of the 1917 importance and validity of this minister in the Congregational time when the tyrant’s death churches. Mikoyan and other speakers no longer takes place through were accompanied by new pledg­ revolution, the years of the Civil slogan. Church after bis graduation from had aroused the mass hopes for By the thousands they have called for new textbooks that the recruitment of peasants and es to “strengthen Socialist le­ War and the years of the Stal­ [First of a series.] Vanderbilt University, the down- material gains and political re­ been withdrawing from the estab­ will rewrite party and Soviet conscription of the rural youth gality.” The long-promised re­ inist counter - revolution. T h e to-earth social doctrine of the forms. lished religions and forming their history in harmony with the re­ as was the case in Stalin’s hey­ vision of the labor code is to be Khrushchev version of party and Church of God led him to join it own sects. Here they practice the pudiation of Stalin, “the cult of day. In the recent years the Within 100 days of Stalin’s effected. “Innocent people” who Soviet history will not satisfy about three years ago^ Early last Chicago uninhibited old-time religion and the individual,” and so forth. bulk of the accretions to the death came the uprising of the had been falsely convicted “have them. But this revised version year he gave up farming to have a more homogeneous and In disowning Stalin the Krem­ labor force come from the ur­ East German workers on June been rehabilitated” and “a num­ will only whet the appetite for “Jim Crow and the launch its newspaper, The South­ 17, 1953, followed by the Vor­ hence more congenial social lin bureaucracy pursues immedi­ ban centers. Young workers con­ ber of other questionable cases the truth among the rising gen­ Two-Party System” atmosphere. erner. stitute the majority in the kuta labor camp General Strike ate practical aims to serve its have been checked up by the erations of young workers who Hear: While the upper-class elements plants. Thus the specific weight on July 20, 1953. A t the same FERTILE FIELD needs and interests, just as it Central Committee,” Khrushchev are most ambitious io advance of the South looked with disdain of the youth in Soviet industry time the East European workers toward the free socialist society Jean Simon Not only was the whole South did in elevating Stalin and man­ reported. Here the bureaucracy on these “Holy Roller” sects, they ufacturing the Stalin myth. The is very high. >vere in ferment (strikes and is anticipating and seeking to but who run up at every step Author of “Desegregation! never opposed them because they a fertile field for such a pro-labor demonstrations in Czechoslovak­ paper — as the militant strikes difference between the regime The Soviet working class has head off the demand for a pub­ against the bureaucratic rule. Labor’s Stake in the Fight were useful to the mill-owners under Stalin and under his suc­ grown markedly in experience ia and elsewhere). The specter lic review of all the purges and The Soviet youth has already For Negro Equality” in keeping the workers sober and in railroad, telephone, sugar refin­ of political revolution hence­ cessors is to be found in the and skills. In recent years the frame-up trials. demonstrated its ability to ad­ Sat., March 17, 8:30 P. M. ing, etc., were shortly to demon­ forward haunted the bureau­ honest and keeping their minds different tasks of the bureau­ number of workers trained on vance new forces for organizing on heaven rather than on their strate — but Dalton itself was cracy. RELUCTANT BUREAUCRATS 777 W. Adams St. ripe for unionism. Dalton is the cracy in the period when Lenin the jobs, acquiring higher skills, the mass struggle against the They then sought to unload Discussion and Social “world capital of the tufted tex­ died as against the period when new trades, etc. has averaged 16 The bureaucracy did not make bureaucracy. It was the Leninist on Beria, the most hated and tihese material, legal and politi­ Donation 25c. tile industry,” as its Chamber of Stalin died. to 17 out of every hundred. This Youth that headed the Vorkuta feared of their colleagues, re­ cal concessions to the Soviet Auspices: Commerce boasts. This tufted tex­ When Lenin died, the Soviet new layer now numbers about General Strike of 250,000 politi­ Socialist Workers Party tile or chenille industry was 109% working class, small numerically 8 million. sponsibility for the crimes of the masses out of the goodness of cal prisoners in the summer of Book-A-Month 1953. open shop and paid the absolute to begin with, emerged weaken­ The cultural levels and de­ regime. In purging the secret po­ its heart. Especially the repudia­ lice, they sought to appease the legal minimum of 75 cents an ed and exhausted by the years mands of the workers have ris­ tion of Stalin. It marks the first masses by appearing as restor­ Plan hour. of the first World War, and the en. Comparative improvements major political concession im­ Here then wrere the ingredients years of the Civil W ar during in their living conditions have ers of “ Soviet legality.” They posed by mass pressure upon — as the CIO Textile Workers which the flower of the revo­ whetted the mass appetite for thereby hoped to prevent the Stalin’s successors. And it was Los Angeles Friday Forum February and March Selection Union entered the scene — for a lutionary vanguard had fallen on more substantial gains. 'Improve­ workers from entering the po­ the most difficult one for them Slave Mutiny challenge to the mill owners of the battlefields. The country­ ments in material conditions of litical arena and to consolidate to make. Dal1 ton. Here also was a news­ side was ravaged, industry was the workers do not reconcile the ranks of the bureauracy Stalin’s record, the party and THE REVOLT paper that could voice the pro­ ruined, the young Soviet Repub­ them with the regime, but on around the “collective leader­ Soviet history under him, are “Death of the Stalin Cult” gressive aspirations of workers lic was isolated and blockaded the contrary prepare the condi­ ship.” the record and history of the o f the throughout the South. The lines by the imperialists. The German tions for sharp collisions. This did not suffice. By the bureaucracy itself, especially of Background and meaning of the of battle would soon be drawn. revolution of 1923 was defeated, 20th Congress the bureaucracy the top Kremlin Chiefs, hand­ decisions of the Russian Communist THE REVOLUTION SPREADS SCHOONER Who the enemy would be was other defeats followed. Out of had to disclaim Stalin, as well. picked by Stalin personally. For Party’s 20th Congress no secret — the mill owners, their these conditions of backwardness And last but not least, the By dumping Stalin they hope to them every condemnation of AMISTAD hirelings, the white-supremacist and isolation at home and revo­ Soviet workers have gained in parade as the restorers of Len­ Stalin carries with it a con­ • By William A. Owens Talmadge machine, the official lutionary defeats abroad, the confidence. Coupled with the vic­ in’s methods and traditions. demnation of themselves as ac­ — Speaker — opinion-molders of the -South, the bureaucracy arose and led a tory in World W ar II, in which Coupled with the repudiation complices, voluntary or cowardly. Published at $4.00 newspapers and radio, etc. The counter-revolution. many of them took part at the of Stalin they offered a number Each repudiation poses point- Special February price significance of the battle in fronts, the rise of revolutionary of material concessions to the blank a review of their own GANGSTERISM James P. Cannon Dalton would be shown by the China and the extension of So­ Soviet toilers. The workday on record. $ 1.00 forces mobilized in other parts The bureaucracy grasping for viet economic forms over the Saturdays and on days preced­ That is why Stalin’s successors — Chairman — (plus 15c. mailing charge) of the South and by the Northern power could not have entrenched Eastern half of Europe have dis­ ing holidays is to be reduced by cannot permit any repudiation Payments must accompany labor - haters called down to itself without employing gang­ sipated the old moods of isola­ two hours “in the nearest fu­ other than the one they are able order Dalton. ster methods. Their job was to tion and fears of imperialist en­ ture.” Beginning with 1957 the to limit, regulate and control. Vincent R. Dunne [First of a series.] destroy physically the entire rev­ circlement. 7-hour day is to be gradually That is why Stalin’s successors • • olutionary generations who car­ What was Stalin’s heritage to introduced, with an 8-hour day did not repudiate but on the con­ ried out the 1917 Russian rev­ his successors in the face of this and 5-day week in “some indus­ trary reaffirmed the first ten Friday, March 9, 8:15 P. M. PIONEER PUBLISHERS A One-Year Subscription olution: they had to annihilate new Soviet working class? 116 University Place to THE MILITANT tries.” Miners have been prom­ years after Lenin died. 1702 East 4th Street the Bolshevik party and the It was the heritage of a series New York 3, New York ised a 6-hour day; and so have the These were the decisive years Donatibn 25c. Only $3 Communist International; they of bloody purges, with a new young workers 16 to 18 years during which the Bolshevik 116 University P L N . Y. 3, N . Y. had to crush the resistance of one in preparation during Sta- of age. This reduction in hours party, as the organizer and in- T H E MILITANT — Page Three Bnbeoariptlon 93 pw year; RgMri article« by o o n trtB b 11.60 fo r 8 m onth«. F o re lrn : atom do not necessarily tar* 94.60 per y e a r; |2.2o fo r 8 resent Thé M ill taut'« polide«. t h e MILITANT These am expressed lb It» months. Canadian: $3.50 per Published Weekly in the Interests of the Working People editorial«. year; |1.75 for 6 months. T H E MILITANT PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION "Entered aa second class Bundle Orders: 6 or more 116 University PL, N. Y. 3, N. Y. Phone: AL 6-7489 m a tte r M arch 7. 1944 a t the copies 6c each In U.S., 7c Post Office at New York. each in foreign countries. Editor: MURRY WEISS N.Y., under the act of March Union Movement Faces Hour o f Decision Business Manager; ANNE CHESTER 8, 1879.'* By Jean Simon <£n principled struggle against 5> Vol. XX — No. 10 Monday, March 5, 1956 The leadership of the American segregation because they base themselves on an unprincipled labor movement is on the spot. compromise with segregation Last week 94 Birmingham, Ala­ which, despite their wishful think­ bama, steelworkers sent a tele­ ing, is neither fair nor satisfac­ Racists Want NAACP gram to George Meany, president tory to the Negro workers. ... CiviI Rights Assembly of the 15-million member A FL - On the other hand, they fear domination by the White Citizens (Continued from page 1) shows that a decisive section of the work­ CIO, threatening to split the On "Subversive” List Council elements because they union if it continues to back its rights fighters in Montgomery and Tusca­ ing class of the South is ripe for union recognize that “In the South, The Tampa Bulletin, Florida progress and the protection of loosa, Alabama, and to protest the con­ organization. constitutional provisions for racial where such a lairge percentage of Negro weekly, published a their rights as members. tinued wave of terror against the Negro What is needed is a bold, all-out organ­ equality. the labor force is Negro, that letter in its Feb. 25 issue which We call upon you and the President Meany, according to would be the virtual end of the is of such significance as an negotiating representatives to people in Mississippi and throughout the ization drive, backed with the full re­ expression of the attitude of adhere to the principles of Labor’s Daily, “forwarded the importance of organized labor.” South. sources of the powerful American labor Southern ¿Negro leaders to­ non-segregalion and the fac­ A group of Negro church leaders headed movement, and above all based on a policy steelworkers’ message to David NEGROES DEMAND JUSTICE ward labor that ,we reprint it tors which allow a man to ad­ by Rep. Powell have called a national day of 100% integration. There can be no com­ McDonald, president of the But union leaders will be forced in full below: vance on the basis of merit AFL-OIO Steelworkers Union, to take a stand on segregation. and qualification rather than of prayer and protest for March 28. The promise on the issue of integration in the without comment.” Their- compromises are now being February 14, 1956 race. And we remind you that press reported that the call included an Southern unionization drive. Let there be MJcDiomld is ‘‘investigating” the attacked fnom both sides. The Mr. Frank Roche, President our association is prepared to Negro workers are also speaking Florida Federation of .Labor aid in the education of N e­ appeal for a one-hour work stoppage, from no mistake about this. A segregated South matter before deciding what to GEORGE M EA NY presided up. 1657 N. W. 17th Avenue groes to the acceptance of 2 to 3 P.M. of that day. Subsequently the is an open-shop South; a union South is a do. over recent AFL-CIO Executive Miami. Florida unionization. However, we are Council meeting in Miami, Fla. Last weekend, for example, in call fo r a work stoppage has been clouded desegregated South. OBVIOUS ANSWER as equally prepared to resist The council did not resolve Jacksonville, Florida, where the Dear Mr. Roche: in confusion and conflicting reports. To rank and file steelworkers in the attempts of organized labor problem of jurisdictional dis­ State Federation of Labor was Ohio last week, the answer seemed Greetings, to by-pass the Negro in its The Civil Rights Assembly is in the posi­ Alabama Unions putes that is blocking start of meeting to discuss plans for obvious: do the same thing you It is my understanding that efforts to bring about better tion to clear up this question and issue a Alarming news has come from Alabama Southern organizing dir i v e. merger of the AFL-OIO state woulld do in the case of anyone representatives of Labor in living conditions for those who unified appeal to the working people of the Livingston, AFL-CIO director bodies, a letter was received from concerning the policy of local labor officials else who threatened to violate the Florida will soon meet for the must labor to exist. We call of organization presented report Robert W. Saunders, 'NAACP United States to down tools for one hour in the civil rights crisis (see story on this union constitution and split the purpose of discussing the pro­ upon you 4o do everything that his field staff is just mark­ Field Secretary-. on March 28 and back the civil rights organization — bring them up on posed merger of the American possible to ban racial segrega­ page). The press reports of the comments ing time. Meanwhile, rival In the key paragraph of the charges and kick them out iif they Federation of Labor and the tion from your unions and to fighters in the South with a gigantic of these local officials reveal that the union bureaucrats fight for letter he wrote: “. . . And we stick to their anti-uniion position. Congress of Industrial Organ­ insist that discrimination be­ demonstration. dues-take before the workers remind you that our association pressure of the W hite Citizens Councils Anything less will split the union. ization in this state. cause of race shall be van­ have even joined the unions. is prepared to aid in the educa­ on them is great. It exceeds the counter­ The National Association for quished from all areas of em­ Failure to act decisively in the tion of Negroes to the acceptance Union Officials the Advancement of Colored ployment. pressure of the national labor movement. face of this threat fronn the right of unionization. However, we are have worked together in the shop People and the Florida State In your debates, you are In our opinion the chief responsibility This is a result of the prolonged delay would be surrender of one of the as equally prepared to resist the and in the union and have worked Conference of ¡Branches are again reminded that every line fo r carrying through such an action founding principles of industrial attempts of organized labor to of the union movement in correcting its out a system of segregation that praying for the success of littered by those who are organization — unity based on by-pass the Negro in its efforts belongs to the trade union leaders. The policy of temporizing with and buckling to is fair to ail concerned.” these meetings. But we cannot responsible for the ultimate equality of workers regardless of to bring about better living con­ Negro people are already carrying the sit idly by without mentioning ends for which you meet will Jim Crow in the South. This policy spells “race, creed or color.” It Would But “the Autherine Lucy case, ditions for those who must labor the part that Negro Labor in be carefully analyzed by thou­ brunt of the fight. The fighters for free­ sure death for the projected drive to or­ deliver the Southern locals into by arousing racial passions, to exist.” the hands of the White Citizens threatens both this system and Florida can play in the success sands. It is hoped that you will dom in Montgomery have inspired the ganize the South. The policy must be Unions face the hour of deci­ Councils, without a struggle. the union leaders who have of organized labor in the state. not bow to the dictates of pre­ whole country with their invincible spirit fundamentally changed. To follow Steven­ sion and it’s time for the rank and We therefore are requesting judice and race hate in denying Last Sunday’s N. Y. Times worked to create it, they said.” of solidarity. Miss Autherine Lucy has file to move in to save their that in your discussions, you to your Negro brother the son’s “ gradualism” in the union field would reported an interview with a [M y emphasis, J.S.] organizations. I f the Northern follow the wishes and man­ right to work, live, and pro­ faced lynch mobs in Tuscaloosa and said: be a betrayal of the great promise union­ group of “nameless” union lead­ Now these little men have workers don’t speak up and stop dates of the national organ­ gress on the same plane as you “ They have stoned me and injured me — ism holds out for the revolution against ers in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, reached a point in American his­ the union-busting attack of the ization and its leaders in assur­ will allow for men of other which provides a vivid picture of tory which demands that labor but not discouraged me.” Jim Crow that is seething in the South. agents of the White Citizens ing that Negroes will partake races. the dilemma of compromisers. leaders take a stand — for or Surely the officials of the labor move­ Councils, Southern labor will be of the full and unlimited If the unions step in with an un­ against segregation. They are Fraternally yours, “We always had good relation® atomized. Then we’13 see a benefits which are to be derived Robert W. Saunders ment are obligated to do more than ambiguous policy of integrated, fully- frightened. between the races here.” one of veritable stampede of rtmiaway from the fruits of your future Field Secretary, NAACP approve such fine spirit. Isn’t it time that democratic union organization, the whole the men told the reporter. “We They are incapable of leading plants going South. they took the initiative, or at least civil rights struggle will take a leap for­ responded to the splendid initiative of ward. The problem of defense against the the Negro church leaders, and called on terrorists would be solved. The kind of every unionist in the country to demon­ workers who manned the picket lines in ...One-Hour Stoppage strate on March 28 their support of the the Southern telephone, railroad and sugar World Events courageous fighters fo r freedom in the strikes last winter, plus the kind of work­ (Continued from page 1) Jet magazine Jan. 26 reported behind them, there are excellent South ? ers who have organized the Montgomery dicaites that if the full weight of the following: An aged woman, prospects for the Negro people boycott of Jim Crow buses, would take the unions were thrown behind the asked by a motorist if she were of Montgomery to thwart the CIVIL LIBERTIES IN THAI­ o.f Khartoum, neighboring City of tired of walking during 1 the present attack and score a major LAN D have been “severely im­ Send Troops fo Miss. care of the cowardly terrorists who shoot movement doubts and indecision Kosti, in protest against the would be put aside. month-old stay-off-the-bus cam­ victory. But if that support is not paired” according to N.Y. Times brutal miurder of the farmers. (2) Demand of the federal government from ambush and murder children. paign in Montgomery, A la.: “My forthcoming, the white suprema­ correspondent Robert Alden in Demonstrators shouted, “Down that it immediately send troops to Missis­ LABOR’S DUTY IS CLEAR soul has been tired for a long cists may succeed in dealing new a Feb. 22 Bangkok dispatch. with the government of feudal­ sippi and anywhere else in the South where Powell Amendment There can be no question that time. Now my feet are tired, and blows to the boycott movement. All public gatherings were ban­ ism,” and, “Down with the gov­ the white supremacist rulers openly and the AFL-CIO has a deep obliga­ my soul is resting.” A defeat in Montgomery would ned, Feb. 21, by “one of tlu ernment of death.” (4) Support of the Powell amendment tion to rally behind the heroic These are people whom the be a sharp setback for the civil country’s strong men, Gen. Phao . * * Violently defy the U.S. Constitution and to the school aid bill is the very minimum Negroes of Montgomery who racists have to reckon with and rights movement everywhere. It Sriyanond, Chief of Police.” WHO THREATENS THE Supreme Court decision. AH the “ gradual­ that must be demanded of every Congress­ have stood firm in the face of they are people whom the union would also be a terrible blow to Premier Pibul iSonggram “ex­ PEACE? “Public opinion polls is t” objections that have been levelled man who claims to stand for civil rights. each new racist attack levelled movement must also reckon with the union organizing drive in the plained that ‘demonstrations, in India show an amazing num­ if it hopes to organized the South. The open shop system against this demand by the Administration, The Powell amendment has also become against them. The unity of in­ parades and other activities’ ber of persons who believe that terest between the Montgomery South. Deeds, not words alone, would get a new lease on life. might ‘cause public unrest.’ ” Stevenson, Kefauver and Harriman, ignore the acid test for every official leader of it is the United States that civil-rights fighters and all of count with them. Their response Labor cannot afford a defeat in The crackdown started with the threatens the peace; the number Montgomery. For the sake of its the fact that there is nothing gradual the labor movement. The position of AFL- labor is dramatically symbolized to union appeals will certainly arrest of eight hunger strikers who hold the Soviet Union guilty own future survival and progress about the reign of terror against the Ne­ CIO President George Meany is inex­ in the fact that the hundred-odd be, “What are you doing to help and five others in front of the is extremely small.” (Thomas J. it must get behind the boycott groes in the South; there is nothing indictments handed down against us lift the Jim Crow system off Government House. “The thir­ Hamilton, N. Y. Times, Feb. 26). cusable. Are we to stand silently and watch the boycotters was based on a our backs?” movement and deal a crushing gradual about the defiance of the Supreme teen,” reports Alden, “had been the federal government finance the racist state “anti - conspiracy” statute The issue must be faced Mow to the racists from which protesting against the system Court decision on desegregation by the leaders who openly defy the decision of the adopted in 192,1 to smash a strike squarely. With labor solidly they will never recover. whereby 51% of the country’® SOUTH AFRICA’S PRIME W hite Citizens Councils and the Eastland Supreme Court? of Birmingham, Ala., coal miners. Parliament is appointed, rather M IN ISTER , Johannes G. Strij- gang; there is nothing gradual about the The argument that the Powell amend­ The steady movement of “run­ than elected.” Simultaneously dom, enlarged the legislature in bomb terror, economic pressure and mass ment will “hurt education” would be away” shops to the South has the police arrested National As­ order to get a two-thirds ma­ developed . an increased con­ semblyman Thep Jotinuchit and jority for a revision of the con­ arrests in Montgomery; there was nothing laughable if it weren’t tragic. This argu­ sciousness in the ranks of the 'Don’t Bow to Dictates eleven others at the Bangkok stitution excluding Africans of gradual about the lynch mob that howled ment presumes that Jim Crow schools can union movement that labor cannot airport on their return from a “mixed blood” from the polls. fo r Miss Lucy’s blood; there was nothing educate children to anything but a per­ endure half organized and half visit to the People’s Republic of W ith this faked majority the gradual about the Mississippi lynch-mur- petuation of the hideous barbarism of a open-shop. The need to organize China on the charge of violating white-supremacist bill was pass­ the South is inescapable. And the Of Prejudice and Hate’ Thailand’s anti-Communist Act. ed. In the same act the legisla­ ders of 14-year-old Emmett Till, Lamar master-race system. The mothers of Negro Negro people of the South are The newspapers were warned ture limited the power of the Smith, Rev. George E. Lee and the Georgia children in Hillsboro, Ohio, have answered the indispensable key to the The chief propaganda argument of Southern racists “not to publish news of Com­ courts to rulings on minor legis­ murder of Dr. Thomas H. Brewer. this false argument in advance. For success of the union drive. against the rising mass movement of Negroes fighting for munist China as this, too, might lative matters in order to pre­ The only thing that is “gradual” in the months they walked together with their The Negro people of the entire equality is that “the trouble is caused by outside agitators be a violation of the Anti-Com­ vent future collisions with ju ­ munist Act.” According to Al- dicial powers. In the gallery were civil rights struggle, is action by the fed­ South are today fully determined and Communists.” The chief tar-®- children on a picket line to protest Jim den’s Feb. 23 dispatch several fifty white women wearing black to wipe out segregation. The get so far is the National Asso­ asking the U.S. Attorney Gen­ eral government to enforce the constitu­ Crow schools in the morning — in the newspaper editors resigned to roses in mourning for the con­ movement in Montgomery, where ciation for the Advancement of eral to put the NAACP on its tional rights of the Negro people. That is avoid arrest. Alden also reports, stitution. afternoons they carried on the education of a community of almost 50,000 Colored People. A Feb. 23 “subversive” list. “Many Thais believed that it is * * * so gradual that no motion is visible. their children through co-operative efforts Negroes are now' highly organized NAACP press release lists the NAACP executive secretary the United States that is re­ The Big Business Administration and the in the Montgomery Improvement following actions of white su­ Roy Wilkins replied to this at­ A NEHRUIST VIEW of eco­ in homes. Doesn’t this single act of prin­ sponsible for the abolition of Association, is the most advanced premacist politicians against the tack by saying: “I f the NAACP nomic aid to Asia was expressed two capitalist parties are always ready to cipled determination to fig h t Jim Crow expression of that objective. their civil rights.” Association. were a Communist-front organi­ in the January issue of Jana, a finance or send troops to crush the inde­ without quarter cut through all the talk ♦ * * magazine published in Ceylon, For 86 days they have main­ The Alabama legislature has zation it would long ago have pendence movements of the colonial people about “not hunting education” ? reflecting the opinion of the tained a 100% effective boycott enacted a bill permitting a coun­ been placed” on the list. He ATROCITY IN SUDAN. Po­ of the bus system. They have “neutralist” Asian capitalists. in Asia or Africa. But against their class ty board of education to cancel thereby supports the thesis that lice locked up 281 farmers of Jana comments upon the visit brothers — the white-supremacist, Jim Democrats Betray done so in the face of heavy odds. the contract of any teacher who arbitrary listing by a govern­ Kohti, 'Feb. 21, after they had The homes of two of their leaders of Khrushchev and Bulganin to favors desegregation or belongs ment appointee constitutes proof demonstrated against confisca­ ,Crow dictators in the South — they sud­ The Powell amendment is the only avail­ have been bombed. Scores have India and Burma last Novem­ to an organization favoring de­ of “subversiveness.” This is just tion of their crops. The next day denly manifest the most tender and “rea­ able method of making a serious push to been arrested by local police on ber and December as follows: segregation. In January, Georgia what the racists want. The U.S. when the single cell, 65 by 20- trumped-up charges. Some have “The West and particularly sonable” attitude. In this sphere infinite prevail on this Congress to pass a civil Attorney General Eugene Cook Attorney used the identical meth­ feet, was opened, 194 were found been fired from their jobs for America which has given much patience prevails. rights measure. It will not be easy to win. asked the state legislature to in­ od in compiling his “subversive” dead from suffocation. The their support of the boycott. The aid to India and other South­ vestigate the NAACP for “pos­ list as the racists are using farmers battled police when they What a monstrous fraud! The only Let us remember that on the first day of fact that more than 100 of their east Asian countries, has not sible subversive influences.” against the NAAOP. attempted to confiscate their tenderness or concern the Big Business the opening session of the 84th Congress, ranks now face fine and imprison­ Wilkins lends credence to the crops withheld in support of quite been able to supply India rulers have is fo r their pocketbooks. Do the entire liberal wing of the Democratic ment has only served to boost BARRING NAACP MEMBERS methods of the red-baiting rac­ their land reform demands. F if­ with technical equipment and their cronies in political power hesitate to party in the Senate betrayed its promise their militant spirit even higher. A bill introduced in the South ists by this sort of “defence.” teen fanners • and three police­ know-how. And this is the most Actually the interests of the men were killed during the week. important form of aid which India summon the troops when it is a matter to make a fig h t on Senate Rule 22, a fig h t MOVEMENT DEEPENS Carolina legislature, Jan. 10, specifies that no person could NAACP and the movement O 'er 600 farmers in all were ar­ needs now to solve the problem of helping a corporation break a strike? which could have destroyed Southern The boycott movement mush­ receive a teacher’s certificate against segregation demands a rested and crammed into jails of unemployment. Prolonged un­ roomed overnight on the basis of Isn’t the full power of the law used to send filibustering and opened the door to the without signing a non-member­ fundamental attack on the very as temperatures soared in a heat employment could undermine a completely minimum demand, people to ja il fo r “ conspiring to advocate” urgently needed civil rights legislation. ship affidavit concerning the idea of arbitrary “subversive” wave. On Feb. 28 over 2,000 peo­ democratic society . . . If em­ not to abolish segregation, but to Communist Party and the listing. ple marched through the streets ployment is not provided, there political ideas that have been proscribed? Under these conditions the Conference correct its worst abuses, to win NAACP. Other bills would bar is bound to arise unrest and in­ Even traffic violators are treated to swift will need the utmost unity and determina­ a first-come, first-seated bus ar­ NAACP members from all state, security from within, a threat rangement within the framework justice. Only when it is a matter of defend­ tion in exerting pressure on Congress to county and municipal jobs. from the local Communist Party of the segregated bus system. and by the knowledge that both ing the rights of ordinary working people, pass the Powell amendment. The Mississippi House of Rep­ STALIN'S FRAME-UP SYSTEM * * * This system already exists in Russia and China have solved particularly those belonging to minority resentatives passed a bill, Jan. other Alabama counties. In addi­ AND this problem of unemployment 25, described by Rep. Karl groups, do the gentlemen begin to blather We have expressed our opinion on the tion they have demanded a halt . . . It is not only the volume of about “ reason and lig h t” instead of urgent questions before the civil rights to abuse by White bus drivers and Wiesenberg as “affecting only THE MOSCOW TRIALS the NAACP,” making it a crime aid which is of importance but enforcing the law. movement in the hope that provision has the hiring of Negro drivers for predominantly Negro routes. to “ . . . incite a riot, breach of By LEON TROTSKY the type of aid which these been made fo r discussion and considera­ Starting with these minimum the peace, public disturbance, or countries need. The Russians The full text of Trotsky’s masterful analysis of the Organize the South tion of all points of view at the conference. objectives the movement has disorderly assembly by soliciting, have offered assistance in order or advocating, or urging or en­ Moscow Trials in his summation speech before the (3) The unionization of the South is Too often high officials and invited since deepened. In a suit filed by to enable India and 'Burma to couraging disobedience to any John Dewey Commission of Inquiry which investigated dignitaries monopolize the time of these five Montgomery Negroes in the Stalin’s frame-up charges. perhaps the most basic question confront­ law . . . and non-conformance industrialize and for industrial­ conferences with endless orations. Since U.S. District Court Feb. 1 the ing the conference. The mass boycott constitutionality of the Alabama with the established traditions An introduction by Joseph Hansen which brings the ization the Americans have not movement in Montgomery, in the “birth­ the climate of the times is changing in the segregaton laws in transporta­ and customs and usages of the record of Stalin’s frame-up system up-to-date and been able to provide much, place of the Confederacy,” is a fact of United States in many vital fields, is it tion is challenged. State of Mississippi.” includes an analysis of trials in Eastern Europe. though of course a large vol­ The attempt of the racists to monumental significance. It proves once any more than fa ir too suggest that THE CAROLINAS Must reading for a fuller understanding of the back­ ume of assistance has been given changes are in order in the matter of con­ meet that challenge by a cam­ and fo r all that the Negro people of the paign of frame-up and persecu­ The North Carolina Attorney ground of the events ait the 20tih congress of the Com­ to Asian agriculture and fam ­ South, are more than ready to organize, ference organization? Shouldn’t the opin­ tion against the young attorney, General announced, Feb. 17, that munist Party of the Soviet Union. ine relief. It is in an industrial he will “insist” to the courts maintain discipline and solidarity, develop ion of delegates who come thousands of Fred D. Gray, will not succeed. 168 pages $1.00 sector that economic and tech­ that the Association be fined for a courageous and skillful leadership, hold miles and have first-hand field experience The challenge is not merely legal nical assistance is most needed, — it is above all a manifestation failing to “register” in the state. PIONEER PUBLISHERS in the struggle be consulted on the big and it is in this particular sector firm in the face of all kinds of pressure of a deep change in conscdusness, The latest action is a resolu­ 116 University Place New York 3, N. Y. and close their ranks after each blow from questions of policy? We earnestly hope a great awakening, among the Ne tion passed last week by the that the Russians have offered the enemy. In other words, Montgomery that such will be the case this time. gix> people. South Carolina State Legislature their help,” The Negro Struggle ------By Myra Tanner Weiss ------the MILITANT The Murder of Dr. Brewer VOLUM E XX M ONDAY, MARCH 5, 1956 N U M B ER 10 Dr. Thomas H. Brewer, 71-years-old, was quoted by name, told the Courier, “ The one of the leaders of the struggle against white folks are desperate. They are resort­ segregation in Columbus, Georgia. Seven ing to organized violence from the very bullets ended his life — and ended his top, U.S. Senators, on down — even if it contribution to the struggle for freedom means defying the U.S. Army. . . They Army Witch Hunt Extended by 'Reform' are leaving it up to us poor devils to be in the South. By Henry Gitano On Jan. 30 deputy general Army was unable to contradicts It was Lucio Flowers, aged 54, the white maimed and killed. The government ought FEB. 25 — The wives and counsel of the Army, Lewis him. Harmon, currently a law proprietor of a department store in the to back up their edict or else back down mothers of eight Fort Dix sol­ Berry, said that all he knew student at Howard University, Striker Arrested Negro district who fired the shots. The in shame before the eyes of the world. diers got nowhere when they about the Hennings’ reforms was answered every question about There is a definite move on to remove all went to Washington yesterday what he read in the papers. Hen­ himself but refused to answer police said Flowers was a “ sick man” and to protest “security” hearings nings’ interpretation of Sprague’s queries about others. whisked him out of the state to a hospital Negro leadership, by hook or crook. Dr. scheduled for their men. The letter appeared to Berry as only Federal Judge Luther W. where he was reportedly treated under Brewer’s death is simply a part of the soldiers have been engaged in a one man’s interpretation. At Youngdahl on Jan. 24 dismissed police custody. whole picture in the South.” long legal struggle to prevent Fort Jay the Judge Advocate’s Harmon’s suit which challenged Another leader said, “ I don’t think it is the Army from giving them dis­ office of the First Army said that the Army’s right to brand him Both men, Dr. Brewer and Flowers, honorable discharges after hon­ despite news reports since Nov. with an undesirable discharge were witnesses to the arrest of a Negro a wise thing for colored people in places of orable service as draftees. 16, it has no new directives on for honorable service. Judge man. Dr. Brewer was indignant at the responsibility to do a whole lot of talking. Three weeks ago .Senator handling “security" cases and Youngdahl claimed that it is the was operating under the old Army’s business to determine brutality displayed by the police who hand­ The federal government is not doing any­ Thomas C. Hennings wrote to thing to back up the Supreme Court edict. Defense Department Secretary, regulations. the type of discharge given and cuffed and beat their prisoner. Dr. Brewer that civilian courts lack jurisdic­ They are leaving us to die as victims of Charles E. Wilson, that he was Hennings then sent a letter to pressed for an investigation of the bru­ “shocked” , to find the Army pur­ Wilson stating: “The Committee tion to review them. tality. Flowers testified for the cops. the white people.” suing its old policy of branding was shocked to learn that the Early in January, Federal The president of the Columbus Branch draftees with disloyalty dis­ Army is actively pushing pro­ Judge Sidney Sugarman in New Flowers claimed that when Brewer of the NAACP commented, “ I may be next charges for alleged pre-induction ceedings to bring about the se­ York, refused to restrain the visited his office, he laid his medical bag to be shot down.” ideas or associations despite curity risk discharges of eight Army from proceeding against a “assurances” by Wilson that client of lawyer David Shapiro on the table and reached fo r his pocket. The Negro and labor movement of the soldiers at Fort Dix, N. J., on He feared violence and in “ self-protec­ those performing honorable ser­ the basis of allegations of pre­ who faces an undesirable dis­ North have the duty to demand protection vice would not be stigmatized. service activities . . . The staff charge from the reserves. Judge tion” fired the seven deadly slugs. did learn . . . that the new De­ Sugarman held that no court for the embattled opponents of segregation ARMY EXPOSED W hat really happened may never be in the South. Civil rights are guaranteed fense Department policy has not could help him until he had ex­ The origin of Henning’s hausted Army channels. known for justice is never meted out to by the Constitution and must be enforced been implemented in new army “shock” can be traced to Aug. regulations.” Judge Sugarman’s opinion that Negroes by the racists in power. Long be­ 4, 1955, when Rowland Watts with the power of the federal government. The Fort Dix Eight had been no court could help a draftee till fore the shooting occurred, however, a and Eugene Landy focused pub­ Anything less makes a hollow mockery of summoned before Army field he had completed the Arm y’s lic attention on the Pentagon’s pattern of violence existed that was un­ democracy. I f the government sent fed­ boards to show cause why they judicial process, together with witch hunt against enlisted men. Judge Youngdahl’s opinion that mistakable. Dr. Brewer had signed a should be retained in the Army. eral troops into the South to restrain the Watts, basing himself on 110 The draftees were notified late the court cannot help Harmon petition against a segregated golf course. lynch-arm of the White Citizens Council, cases, issued a two-volume re­ once the Army is finished with last summer of allegations deal­ He and others who had signed were port on “The Draftee and Inter­ him, emboldened the m ilitary to the Negro people would put an immediate ing with membership, kinship, nal Security.” It exposed the bothered with anonymous threats of end to the terror perpetrated against them. reading habits, signing of peti­ hurriedly proceed against the Army’s blacklisting through se­ Fort Dix Eight. violence. tions, writing of letters to con­ If the Negro and labor movements fail curity-notation discharges of men gressmen and participation in Meanwhile Wilson, Feb. 1, re­ The reaction of the Negro community in to force the federal government to protect whose thinking, activities, asso­ strikes during their civilian lives. affirmed his new policy. “Cer­ Columbus, Ga., to the murder is extremely the elementary civil rights of the Amer­ ciations or kin were not in ab­ tainly,” he said “no one can take solute conformity with military Threatened with undesirable the position that a man should Republic Aviation Corporation striker, Lou Tempera, is revealing. ican people, the terror w ill grow. It will discharges, they filed a suit “ Still reeling from the shock of the . . . brass’ standards. Eugene Landy be convicted for what he did be­ led away by cops, one of many arrested in clashes between claim many more victims. I f the govern­ was turned down for a naval against their commanding gen­ fore he came into the service.” pickets and scabs outside the company’s Farmingdale, L. I. Brewer slaying, Negro leaders in this town ment only wants to appear democratic, if reserve commission because his eral asserting their right either Wilson was not fam iliar enough plant. Some 19,000 International .Association of Machinists [Columbus, Ga.] are voicing increasing the law of the land is to be le ft a dead mother had once been a Com­ to remain in the armed forces or with pending cases to discuss members are on strike (at four Republic plants. (See story on to honorable discharges. Judge munist. Following Landy’s well them, “but all I can say is the page one.) bitterness over the federal government’s letter, then both Democrats and Repub­ David N. Edelstein in New York’s refusal to back up its Supreme Court publicized case, a string of guilt- men will be treated fairly.” licans should be thrown out of office and by-kinship “risks” came to light. Federal District Court denied a ing with the importance of an edicts on integration,” reports the Feb. 25 the direct representatives of labor and the Beginning Nov. 17, 1955, the government motion to dismiss THE NEXT DAY absolute unquestioning conform­ honorable discharge, says: “Pro­ Army’s persecution of draftees the suit on Nov. 22, 1955. But Just one day after Wilson’s ity within a regimented nation. Pittsburgh Courier. Negro peoples who have a genuine concern spective civilian employers are came under attack by the Sen­ on Jan. 3 he also denied the re­ policy was reaffirmed, the Army Article 94 of the Uniform One local leader, who refused to be for freedom should be put in their place. very likely to give some other ate’s subcommittee on Constitu­ quest of the Fort Dix soldiers Discharge Review Board in Code of M ilitary Justice, gives job applicant the nod if you tional Rights under the chair­ for an injunction to prevent the Washington heard Paul M ilvy’s the armed services the specific show them the ‘wrong’ kind of manship of Hennings. Army from discharging them case. Milvy was given an “un­ power to court-martial for “se­ discharge.” Testimonial letters Secretary of Defense Charles before a ruling on the loyalty desirable discharge” on July 13, ditious conduct” while in the Survey of Oil Industry reinforce this point: “It isn’t E. Wilson announced, Nov. 18, program could be made. 1954, after five months Army service. The “security” program just me who is suffering. My. ------By David M iller ------1955, that under a Nov. 16 direc­ On Jan. 30 the eight enlisted duty. He is asking for an hon­ is not needed to punish and dis­ wife and my child must be de­ tive, the security regulations men asked the Supreme Court to orable discharge. -Milvy availed charge for misconduct or dis­ THE EMPIRE OF OIL, by Harvey O’Con­ dustry circles during the past few months prived of many things just be« were being revised to eliminate halt Army proceedings that himself of the constitutional loyalty. It has another objective. nor. Monthly Review Press, New York, on restricting oil imports to 10% of U.S. cause I can’t hold onto a job some abuses. With the modified might result in their getting dis­ privileges on his past associa­ once people find out about my 1955. 384 pp. $5.00. consumption (they run approximately 15% thought-control machinery, sus- honorable discharges before the tions at the time of his induc­ THE REAL PURPOSE discharge.” today, and are climbing steadily) reflects appeal for an injunction against tion. A t Fort Monmouth’s Signal The military’s “security” pro­ In his latest book, Empire of Oil, Harvey pected “security-risks” would be very demonstrably a factional dispute be­ investigated before instead of the Army could be argued in the Corps Center Milvy was given gram exercises “political and so­ The reforms in Army proce^ O’Connor has added another volume to an cial control over eve.ry young, (jure advocated by Hennings and tween the “ independents,” based exclu­ after induction. If found unsuit« lower courts. “excellent” ratings as an army already distinguished list of great value able a draftee would be rejected; student. Yet, when suddenly dis­ man subject to the Selective Ser­ promised by Wilson have so far sively Upon domestic oil production, and THE HARMON CASE been ignored by the Army. But to every student of American society. Hennings on Jan. 28 announc­ charged his efficiency rating vice law from the dawn of his the giants of the industry who are so ed that the armed forces had The Army resumed its hound­ was listed as “unsatisfactory.” mature understanding until he even if these reforms are ultim­ This new work is a project of ency­ heavily involved in the far cheaper foreign clarified their Nov. 16 directive ing of the eight Fort Dix pri­ Milvy’s attorney Albert Col- approaches 30. Through the ately forced upon the m ilitary brass they will not eliminate the clopedic scope, covering such diverse oil. In this context, the over-riding position through a letter from the mili­ vates which shocked LUnnin^s, lo-rs, thought the Review Board threat of an ‘undesirable’ dis­ aspects of oil as the role of cooperatives tary’s general counsel, Mansfield the day after a decision was hadn’t hea.d about Wilson’s charge, it says ‘Conform, not injustices done to the youth. In of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) only in active service but for fact it will extend the persecu« and independents, the oil unions, Mexican Sprague. According to Hennings, reached on John Henry Harmon. statement. When Colloms raised was demonstrated anew when the com­ the military would stop giving Harmon’s character and effici­ the point, the Board recessed to the full term (including six tion. Screening potential draftees nationalizations, as well as the central promise that seems to have emerged, con­ security-risk discharges to per­ ency ratings were excellent, but consider the issue, then closed years of reserve time) of your before instead of after induction; traditional problems such as price mo­ ceded much to the independents, but ex­ sons with honorable service. Pre­ he was discharged from the the hearing. developing maturity,’ ” as the would merely transfer the black­ nopoly, concentration, reserves and the vious less-than-honorable dis­ Army in June 1954 as “either The Army’s current “security” Watts Report points out. listing from the discharge pas empted Standax-d’s Venezuelan oil from pers to the draft cards, thereby role of government in fostering monopoly. charges would be reviewed. Men disloyal or subversive.” Harmon program is obviously SNAFU — The military realize what their these restrictions. drafted after a security check claimed he never joined anything Situation Normal All Fouled Up. branding means. Armed Forces extending it to all potential Despite the wide coverage of the field, Similarly the Natural Gas bill, until last would get discharges based sole­ except the NAACP and the But behind the dilly-dallying is Talk, published for the informa­ draftees, not merely those in* the book does not suffer from any super- week at the focus of political maneuvering, ly on their service record. Abyssinian Baptist Church. The an undeviating drive to secure tion of Army personnel, in deal­ ducted. ficiality of treatment. O’Connor’s simple, seems to have been more vital to the inde­ direct style and evident erudition in all pendent domestic producers since the cen­ facets of the industry result in a presenta­ tral issue was the price of gas at the point tion chock-full of selected, critical documen­ where it entei's the monopoly-owned pipe Our Readers Take the Floor tation in every area that is touched. In this lines. respect he builds upon the classical works changed during all history. In It is not my purpose here to get the structure built. In com­ your publication than heretofore. O’Connor does not present ,any new A New Dark Ages? In fact, I am more interested than in this field, most particularly the famous recent times changes have been dwell on the economic quackery mentary, the editor, although thesis on the oil industry. His frame of Editor: deep and rapid. What only has developed by the editors and approving the reason for the of­ ever, standing, as I do, for Technical National Economic Committee reference is that shared by all socialists. I used to think that education not changed is the psychology columnists in their defense of fer of the college course on how­ desegregation, restoration of Kuifc- studies of the 1930’s, and brings them up Consequently, the book is not wi-itten as an in Baltimore was in a bad way. of our patriotic political buc­ the capitalist system, but when to fight loafing, attacks the pro­ eher’s job and a just economic to date. academic dissertation, but rather as a Students working hard to cheat caneers. They are motivated by the labor fakers try to uphold hibitive cost of union labor as a system for all. With best wishes cause of the growth of the do- for the Militant. Several recent public issues involv'-'g propaganda manual, in the very best sense their way through to graduating their economic interests. No the profit system on the backs marks (at high school at least), semantic invention can ever in­ of the workers, it’s another mat- it-yourself cult. He abidingly R. A. C. oil are illuminated by O’Connor’s statisli. of that term. Socialists can be nothing bu1 learning the least they could. hibit American progress. The tev. The class collaborationist states that if the rate of new Akron, Ohio The furious debate in government and in­ grateful for a useful job, well done. Now that has become part of sun of American life will never theories of Reuthcr, Meany and construction slides off, it may be the ‘good old days!’ The increase stand still. Earnestly yours, other labor sages have led to too late to learn in college that in the school population has out- Joseph Manlet their rejection of the 30-for-40 it is necessary to increase pro­ ductivity to hold customers. Detroit’ Fri. Night raced the production of teachers, * * * demand, in the past, and recent Notes from the News and the school-factories are in­ statements to the effect that Here we have, graphically Socialist Forum adequate for even production of Fakery there is no class struggle on the portrayed, the result of the la­ • the semi-literate school children American scene. Now the press bor leaders’ desire to get into TWO EYEWITNESS THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY is “in peril be­ Chicago Negro disc jockey A1 Benson, a native of a few years back. In some Editor: reveals a spectacle of added in­ the act. Nice and cosy! We find REPORTS cause its leaders in Congress have abandoned its of Mississippi. When told the booklets attracted places in the city and the coun­ The American boss press is famies by the labor statesmen. them lined up with the boss liberal principles,” says the Americans for Demo­ little attention, he said; “That’s the trouble; the try, the kids come In two shifts. carrying on an intensified adver­ The president of the local press in defending the capital­ 1. The Bus Boycott Move­ cratic Action .in an editorial in the March issue of Constitution has attracted little attention in Despite the great demand for tising campaign on the virtues union at the Minneapolis-Honey­ ist system and whooping it up ment in Montgomery, Ala. the ADA World. The editorial says Democratic Mississippi.” teachers, they haven’t been un­ of capitalism and the evils of well Corp. provides a gem which for “more productivity” from an. 2, The Civil Rights Mobili­ Congressional leaders were guilty of “shortsighted * * * ionized, and many find that in­ socialism. Obviously the fact that in effect said, “Anyone who American working class which zation in Washington, D. C. subservience to the interests of conservatism, hundreds of millions of people already suffers the most intense THE COAST GUARD BLACKLIST of dock dustry is better paying and less stands in the way of the Com­ Friday, Starch 9, at 8 P. M.. racism, and oil.” The ADA warns that Eisen­ throughout the world are reject­ exploitation and speed-up of any workers is being backed by International Long­ demanding. Granted that the sit­ pany’s making a profit has no • ing capitalism and taking the working class in the world. hower’s veto of the gas-gouge bill (passed by- shoremen's Association president Gapt. W. V. uation might have been exagger­ place in our local.” He then goes The 20th Congress of the road to socialist freedom has E. S. congress with a Democratic majority) and the Bradley. The CG abandoned its port-wide check ated, are we headed for a new on to reveal a “sweetheart” Communist Party of “growing tempest” over civil rights “have brought them worried that the American Chicago (allowing only men who had passed its arbitrary Dark Ages, where knowledge agreement that points up union the Soviet Union into focus the perilous state of the Democratic “clearance” to work) in 1954 because of lack of will be the possession of a people will catch the “red virus.” collaboration with the company * * * Friday, March 16, at 8 P. M. Party.” manpower. The Bi-State W aterfront Commission privileged few? A fter spending millions to for increasing “productivity.” * * * • which now controls dock hiring in the Port of R.D. destroy Marxism, the name of To top it all, the president of Best Wishes At. 3000 Grand River, Rm. 207 BOMBING OF T H E FLORIDA home of Mablc New York considered adoption of a regulation Baltimore Karl Marx figures more prom­ a Kansas City local of the In t’l Editor: Norris Reese, a white newspaper editor who has requiring CG clearances before registration; but * * * inently than ever in the news­ Brotherhood of Electrical Work­ I may be a little late in sending Donation 25c. attacked Sheriff Willis McCall for his tactics withheld such action because of a U.S. Court of papers and every day we are ers wants to awaken the con­ in my renewal, but I assure you Free for Unemployed against Negroes, occurred in Tavares on Fob. 21 Appeals decision in San Francisco last October Word Juggling offered new refutations of his sciences of his members. An ed­ that I am no less interested in and 23. Mrs. Reese asid she was not a “pro-in- that the CG screening system was unconstitu­ Editor: scientific socialist teachings. itorial cites the “novel offer of tegrationisit, but favored a clam, sane approach tional. Instead, the hated anti-labor police agency Herewith is copy of a letter to We read editorials on “peoples this building trades union to to the problem,” according to the Feb. 26 N. Y. used its own blacklist against longshore strike the Cleveland Plain Dealer which capitalism” where it is argued pay tuition for its members who Post. She appeared before a grand jury in­ leaders. The I LA rank and file walked off the T do not expect the P.D. to print. that a large percentage of the wish to study loafing and its A Timely Pamphlet vestigating commutation of the death sentence of docks last fall in a political strike protesting the Can you make any use of it? If American people own the means prevention at a University.” This W alter L. Irvin, victim of a phony rape charge in Commission’s Gestapo methods, and the I1A not, please return it to me. Fer­ of production. The “old” capital­ offer was accompanied by a Groveland. Fla., in 1949. In 1951 Sheriff McCall leadership was forced to go along. The East vently yours, ism in the days of Marx, we are statement from the union presi­ The Suppressed Testament attempted to nullify a U.S. Supreme court-ordered Coast was tied up for eight days before the ILA Joseph Manlet told, operated on a small volume dent that “productivity” in the Of Lenin new trial for Irvrin and another victim, Samuel leaders accepted on Sept. 14 a face-saving Cleveland and large profit margin. Now construction industry is low. He Shepard by shooting both these handcuffed prison^ proposal for a “citizen’s commission” to mediate (The letter to the Plain Dealer we have a “new” capitalism here accused his men of dogging it Including Leon Trotsky’s article ers whale in transport. McCall left both for dead, the dispute between the union and the Bi-gtate follows — Ed.) in America which in contrast at work and described some pro­ b it Irvdn survived to receive the commuted Commission (which makes no secret of the fact Editor: operates'on a large volume and jects as “more like a convales­ On Lenin's Testament sentence. that it wants the IL A swept from the docks). Those patriotic worshippers of small profit margin. Workers cent home than a construction Here is the full text of Lenin’s testament in which * * * The “citizen’s commission” fell apart a few days a so-called “American Way of benefit, the editorials say, from job.” This piecard misleads when he gave his ‘‘last advice on how to reorganize the party increased output through higher GEORGE M EA NY AND N AM executive com­ later. In an attempt to outdo the Waterfront Life” do not appear to have he talks of “productivity.” What leadership” and proposed to remove Stalin from his mittee chairman Charles Sligh Jr. met in Wash­ Commission in witch hunting, Bradley sent out much intellectual depth. Or is wages and cheaper, more abun­ he means in workman’s langu­ post as General Secretary of the party. This document, ington. Feb. 23, to discuss. Meany’s proposal for a notices, Feb. 24, asking all IL A locals to oust it that this devotion is a strategy dant goods. age spells speed-up, what Marx and Trotsky’s analysis of it, is now of wide interest “non-aggression pact” between the A PL-O O and any members who can’t get CG clearance. The in political semantics, motivated The “old” capitalism has been called “the higgling Incorpora­ in view of the latest development in the Soviet Union. New York Shipping Association picked up the traded in for the “new” model tion of all possible minutes of the NAM . They got nowhere, agreeing only that by the American possessing 48 pages 25 cents ball and proposed a conference of the shipowners, in much the same way that Joe the working day into the process further talks would serve no purpose. classes who have fear of change ? Order Your Copy from the Bi-State Wiatcrfront Commission and the Doakes trades his ’56 car for a of production. * * * There is nothing fixed about TLA to devise an effective program for barring American life. The word, “Way,” ’57 model. They even go so far The frightful speed-up, for PIONEER PUBLISHERS JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI, was showered with “subversives.” The IL A bureaucrats would be itself denotes movement and as to say that America’s devel­ anyone who has worked on con­ 116 University Place, New York 3, N. Y. copies of the Federal Constitution dropped from outvoted on such a body by the employers and therefore change. Everything in oping classless society precludes struction, means running up lad­ an airplane, Feb. 22. The plane was chartered by their police agency. American life constantly has a class revolution here. ders and hustling like mad to