Kültürel Açidan Bulgaristan Müslümanlari Asenovgrad Şehri Örneği

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Kültürel Açidan Bulgaristan Müslümanlari Asenovgrad Şehri Örneği T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İSLAM TARİHİ VE SANATLARI ANA BİLİM DALI İSLAM TARİHİ BİLİM DALI TARİHİ VE SOSYO - KÜLTÜREL AÇIDAN BULGARİSTAN MÜSLÜMANLARI ASENOVGRAD ŞEHRİ ÖRNEĞİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN Doç. Dr. M. Bahaüddin VAROL HAZIRLAYAN Aydan YUMEROV KONYA–2010 i T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Adı Soyadı AYDAN YUMEROV Numarası: 074246011009 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı İslam Tarihi Ve Sanatları/ İslam Tarihi rencinin rencinin ğ Ö Danışmanı Doç. Dr. M. Bahaüddin VAROL Tezin Adı Tarihi ve Sosyo-Kültürel Açıdan Bulgaristan Müslümanları -Asenovgrad Şehri Örneği- ÖZET TARİHİ VE SOSYO - KÜLTÜREL AÇIDAN BULGARİSTAN MÜSLÜMANLARI ASENOVGRAD ŞEHRİ ÖRNEĞİ Asenovgrad şehri Osmanlı Devleti’nin Balkanlar’da fethetmiş olduğu ilk bölgelerdendir. Bulgaristan genelinde Müslümanların azınlıkta olmasına rağmen Asenovgrad şehrinde Müslüman Türk Toplumu’nun çoğunlukta olduğu bir bölgedir. Asenovgrad şehrindeki Müslümanlar genelde kendi öz benliklerini, inançlarını, örf ve adetlerini bütün baskılara rağmen koruyabilmişlerdir. Asenovgrad şehrindeki Müslüman Toplumunu: Türk, Pomak, Çingene (Roman) Müslümanlar oluşturmaktadır. Temel geçim kaynakları: sanayi sektörü, ziraat, inşaat sektörü ve son yıllarda Avrupa’ya açılan gurbet işçiliği olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Müslüman Türk Toplumu, Bulgarlara nazaran aile kurumuna çok daha fazla önem vermektedirler. Aile fertlerinin arasındaki ilişkilerde değişim gözlense de diğer etnik gruplara nazaran aile ilişkilerinde çok daha iyidirler. Asenovgrad Müslümanlarının dini hayatı daha çok kültürel bir olgu olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Müslümanların temel ibadetlere ilgilerinin az olmasına rağmen mevlit ve cenaze törenlerine katılımları oldukça yüksektir. Asenovgrad Müslüman Toplumunda, Pomaklar ve Çingenelerde kimlik problemi bariz bir şekilde görülmektedir. Toplumdan soyutlanan Pomaklar ve Çingeneler Bulgar kimliğine bürünmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bulgar Devleti’nin Müslümanlara karşı demokratik tutumları, Müslümanlar tarafından dışlanma olarak algılanmaktadır. Devletin bu tutumuna karşı Müslümanlar ön yargı içersinde bulunmakta, bunun sonucu olarak toplum içerisinde kendilerini farklı bir kategoride görmektedirler. ii T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Adı Soyadı AYDAN YUMEROV Numarası: 074246011009 Ana Bilim / Bilim İslam Tarihi Ve Sanatları/ İslam Tarihi Dalı rencinin ğ Ö Danışmanı Doç. Dr. M. Bahaüddin VAROL Tezin İngilizce Adı Hıstorıcal And Socıo – Cultural From Angle Of Muslım Bulgarıa Asenovgrad City. SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND SOCIO – CULTURAL FROM ANGLE OF MUSLIM BULGARIA ASENOVGRAD CİTY. Asenovgrand city is the first conquered in the Balkans of the Ottaman Empire. Although a minority of Muslims in Bulgaria, in the town of Asenovgrad majority of Muslims Turkish society is a region. Muslims in Asenovgrad in spite of all the pressure had kep their beliefs, customs and traditions. The Muslim Community in the town Asenovgrad: Turkish, Pomak, Gypsies (Roma), Muslims constituted. Basic livelihood: industrial sector, agriculture, construction industry and labor in recent years to Europe seems to be abroad. According to Bulgarians, Muslim Turkish Community are more important families institution. Although the observed changes in the relations between family members, according to other ethnic groups are much better the family relationships. Asenovgrad Muslim’s religious life appears more to the forefront as a cultural phenomenon.in spite of fundamental interest of the Muslims worship but their participation are very high rare Mevlid and Funerals. Muslim Community in Asenovgrad, Pomaks and Gypsies are seen in the identity problem. Isolated from society Pomaks and Gypsies are trying to impersonate the Bulgarian. Democratic of the Bulgarian Government attitude towards Muslims by Muslims is perceived as exclusion. the Muslims are be within the prejudice against this attitude of the state, as a result, this community are seen in a different category in themselves. iii İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................................ 1 KISALTMALAR......................................................................................................................... vi ÖNSÖZ...................................................................................................................................................................... vii I. Konu ve Önemi..............................................................................................................................................1 II. Araştırmanın Metodu ve Kaynakları.....................................................................................................2 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM BULGARİSTAN MÜSLÜMANLARI VE ASENOVGRAD ŞEHRİ I-BULGARİSTAN MÜSLÜMANLARI...........................................................................................................4 A. Tarihi Süreç .................................................................................................................................................4 1) Osmanlı Öncesi..........................................................................................................................................4 2) Osmanlı Dönemi........................................................................................................................................5 3) 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı Sonrası (Prenslik Dönemi)........................................................6 4) Krallık Dönemi 1908-1944 .....................................................................................................................9 5) Komünist Partisi İktidarı Dönemi.....................................................................................................14 6) Demokratik Dönem (1989 Sonrası)...................................................................................................19 B. COĞRAFİ DURUM VE NÜFUS DAĞILIMI................................................................................21 1) Nüfus Dağlımı...........................................................................................................................................21 2) Coğrafi Dağılım .......................................................................................................................................23 II-ASENOVGRAD ŞEHRİ.................................................................................................................................24 A) COĞRAFİ KONUM VE GENEL BİLGİLER...............................................................................24 1) Şehrin Hakkında Genel Bilgiler.........................................................................................................24 2) Coğrafi Konumu......................................................................................................................................25 B) ESKİ VE YENİ TARİHİ .......................................................................................................................28 1) Eski Tarihi.................................................................................................................................................28 2) Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Asenovgrad(Stanimaka).............................................................................29 3) Asenovgrad Şehri’nin Osmanlı’ya Katıldıktan Sonra Geçirdiği Dönemler........................31 iv C) SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL VE EKONOMİK DURUM .......................................................................34 1) Sosyo-Kültürel Durum..........................................................................................................................34 2) Ekonomik Durum ...................................................................................................................................36 3) Etnik ve Dini Dağılım ............................................................................................................................37 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ASENOVGRAD MÜSLÜMANLARI’NIN EKONOMİK VE SOSYAL DURUMU I- EKONOMİK DURUM....................................................................................................................................38 A. GENEL EKONOMİK GÖRÜNÜM ..................................................................................................38 B) MÜSLÜMANLARIN EKONOMİK DURUMU............................................................................39 1) İş İmkânları ..............................................................................................................................................39 2) Sanatlar ......................................................................................................................................................41 3) Ticaret.........................................................................................................................................................41 4) Ekonomik Problemler ...........................................................................................................................42 II-S OSYAL DURUM...........................................................................................................................................43 A) GENEL SOSYAL YAPI ........................................................................................................................43 B) MÜSLÜMANLARIN SOSYAL DURUMU ....................................................................................45 1) Sosyal Yaşam............................................................................................................................................45
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