DOCSLIB.ORG

Occ Health Full Book.Indb

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Occ Health Full Book.Indb Hazardous Substances in the Workplace Chapter 20 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN THE WORKPLACE PAPIYA RAY, MD, MPH,* and CAMERON J.L. NELSON, MD, MPH† INTRODUCTION OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS Occupational Safety and Health Administration American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health American Industrial Hygiene Association METALS Arsenic Cadmium Chromium ORGANIC EXPOSURES Cyanide Diesel Exhaust Diisocyanates Methylene Chloride Methyl Ethyl Ketone Mustard Agents Organophosphate Nerve Agents Pentachlorophenol Trichloroethylene INORGANIC OR ELEMENTAL EXPOSURES Asbestos Crystalline Silica Tritium White Phosphorus SUMMARY *Occupational Medicine Consultant Physician, Federal Occupational Health, 7700 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 7201, Bethesda, Maryland 20857 †Commander, Medical Corps, US Navy; Chief of Occupational Medicine, Naval Hospital Bremerton, 1 Boone Road, Bremerton, Washington 98312 367 Occupational Health and the Service Member INTRODUCTION Military personnel are exposed to numerous met- surveillance. There are several governing bodies and als, chemicals, and solvents in the workplace, many of organizations that publish standards for occupational which can have deleterious effects on human health. exposures, which vary in some cases. Because the mili- This chapter provides a short list of chemicals and tary uses different sources for exposure limits, which other hazards common to many military installations. can vary by branch, the limits are not provided here. Included for each chemical is its use, exposure routes, However, in many cases the military uses the most toxicology, and in some cases, recommended medical stringent guidelines recommended. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS Occupational exposure limits can be either legally sionals that publishes exposure guidelines known as enforceable standards established by regulatory agen- threshold limit values (TLVs) and biological expo- cies or guidelines determined by research groups. sure indices (BEIs).3 Unlike OSHA PELs, these are In either case, the goal of these exposure limits is to recommendations and not legal standards. They are protect workers over their entire working lifetime. based solely on health factors with no consideration The most commonly encountered organizations are of economic or technical feasibility and, therefore, described below. tend to be more stringent than OSHA levels. In addition to the time-weighted average and ceiling Occupational Safety and Health Administration limit, for certain substances, the ACGIH defines a short-term exposure limit as the concentration below The Occupational Safety and Health Administra- which workers can be exposed for a period of up to tion (OSHA) is a federal agency in the Department 15 minutes. of Labor. OSHA issues workplace health and safety regulations, such as exposure limits, employee ac- National Institute of Occupational Safety and cess to information, conditions governing the use of Health personal protective equipment, and requirements for safety procedures. It is also responsible for enforcing The National Institute of Occupational Safety and its standards.1 Health (NIOSH) is a federal agency under the Centers OSHA promulgates permissible exposure limits for Disease Control and Prevention. It is responsible (PELs), which are legally enforceable standards.2 for conducting research and making recommenda- PELs are set based on chronic exposure and indicate tions for the prevention of work-related injury and the maximum values for the “employee’s average air- illness.4 NIOSH publishes recommended exposure borne exposure in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour limits (RELs). As with TLVs and BEIs, RELs are work week which shall not be exceeded”; otherwise generally updated more frequently and are stricter known as the 8-hour time-weighted average.2 For than PELs. certain substances, OSHA has also set ceiling limits, the concentration of the substance that should never American Industrial Hygiene Association be exceeded. The OSHA action level is set at half the PEL value and indicates the level at which medical The American Industrial Hygiene Association surveillance should be initiated. (AIHA) is a professional association, like the ACGIH. Its major goals are the advancement of the study American Conference of Governmental Industrial and control of industrial health hazards, and the dis- Hygienists semination of technical knowledge.5 AIHA publishes workplace environmental exposure levels (WEELs), The American Conference of Governmental which are health-based guidelines published annu- Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) is a professional as- ally. Like RELs, TLVs, and BEIs, WEELs are not legally sociation of industrial hygienists and related profes- enforceable. 368 Hazardous Substances in the Workplace METALS Arsenic Toxicology Forms Inorganic arsenic compounds have been recognized as a human poison since ancient times.7 Arsenic is an Arsenic is a naturally occurring metal.6 It exists irritant to the skin and gastrointestinal tract and has in several forms: elemental, inorganic, organic, and numerous long-term health effects. Unfortunately, gaseous. Elemental (or metallic) arsenic is a steel little is known about the effects of organoarsenic grey solid material. Arsenic more commonly exists compounds in humans. Studies in animals show that as inorganic salts, in one of three oxidation states: -3, most organoarsenic compounds are less toxic than +3, or +5. Organic arsenic compounds can be further the inorganic forms but still have toxic effects on the described as organometals, otherwise known as or- digestive and urinary tracts. ganoarsenic compounds, characterized by a chemical Acute toxicity. Acute arsenic poisoning commonly bond between arsenic and one or more carbon atoms. occurs when arsenic is ingested in large doses as inor- In inorganic form, arsenic generally combines with ganic arsenic. This occurs when arsenic has contami- oxygen, chlorine, or sulfur. Arsine is the gaseous nated drinking water wells, but it does not routinely form of arsenic. occur in the occupational setting. Individuals who in- gest large quantities of inorganic arsenic will develop Uses symptoms within minutes to hours after exposure. Symptoms can range from gastrointestinal discomfort, Elemental arsenic is used as an alloying agent in including nausea and vomiting, to severe abdominal ammunition and solders, an antifriction additive for pain, abdominal cramps, and profuse diarrhea. In the bearings, and a structural strengthening agent for worst cases, hepatic necrosis associated with markedly lead batteries. Organoarsenic compounds, namely elevated liver enzyme levels and acute renal failure can cacodylic acid, disodium methyl arsenate, and mono- occur. Cardiovascular effects can also result from acute sodium methyl arsenate, are used as pesticides. Other arsenic poisoning.7 Seizures, coma, and circulatory col- organoarsenic compounds are used as additives in lapse leading to death may result when individuals are animal feed to control intestinal coccidian parasites exposed to more than 70 mg of arsenic. Persons who in some poultry and swine farms. Inorganic arsenics, recover from acute arsenic poisoning may develop such as arsenic acid, arsenic pentoxide, and arsenic delayed peripheral neuropathy, which presents as trioxide, are also used as pesticides in the United States. symmetrical sensory loss in the distal lower extremities. Arsenic trioxide and arsenic acid are also decolorizers Arsenic dusts and vapors are both respiratory and and fining agents used in the production of bottle eye irritants. Inhalational exposure of arsine gas results glass and other glassware. Finally, arsine gas is used in intravascular hemolysis. The initial symptoms of in the microelectronics industry for gallium-arsenide exposure include headache, nausea, and chest tight- semiconductor production and as a source of dopant ness. Shortly afterward, the triad of abdominal pain, arsenic atoms. jaundice, and oliguria develop. Death can occur if exposures exceed 10 ppm. Routes of Exposure Chronic toxicity. The skin is the major target organ in chronic inorganic arsenic exposure. Long-term Arsenic compounds can be ingested, inhaled, and ingestion produces characteristic skin changes on the absorbed through the skin. The efficiency of absorp- palms of the hands and feet, including hyperkeratosis tion depends on the form of arsenic, its solubility, and and hyperpigmentation with spots of hypopigmen- the route of exposure. In general, both organic and tation. Workers chronically exposed to arsenic also inorganic forms of arsenic are well absorbed through experience these dermal manifestations. Individuals the gastrointestinal tract, but dermal uptake is low. In- who have a history of chronic arsenic ingestion have halational exposure usually occurs only with trivalent an elevated risk of skin cancer, including basal cell and arsenic oxide or arsine gas. squamous cell carcinoma. 369 Occupational Health and the Service Member Peripheral neuropathy can develop in individu- Uses als who have chronic low-level arsenic ingestion. The neuropathy is sensory in nature and includes The most common use for cadmium is as an active paresthesia or numbness; in severe cases, the periph- electrode material in nickel-cadmium batteries. Cad- eral neuropathy can affect the motor neurons. Liver mium compounds are also used for electroplating and damage and peripheral vascular disease can also to impart corrosion resistance to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (A) 1) at First a Pair of Each 10G. of Sample Was Extracted with Ether by the Soxhlet's Apparatus for a Week
    52 [vol. 6, THE DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHORUS IN COW'S MILK AND THE SCHEME FOR THE SEPARATION OF PHOSPHATIDES By Rinjiro SASAKI (From the Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University) (Received 9th September 1930) A. The Distribution of Phosphorus in Cow's milk In order to extract the phosphatides, it is necessary first to determine the distribution of phosphorus in cow's milk. Liquid milk can not be extracted with ether or with other organic solvents owing to its large content of water. The substance applied in this experiment is the milk powder, dried by the Buflovak drum drier below 70•Ž. Its content of moisture is 4.498%, deter mined by the method of drying in the air bath of 105•Ž. The content of total phosphorus was determined(5) in the ash of sample which was burned with a little of fusing mixture. In 100g. of milk powder In 100g. of dry matter Total phosphorus 0.745g. 0.781g. The amounts of phosphorus, which are soluble in the various organic sol vents, were determined by extracting with three solvents in the following orders. (A) Ether-Acetone-Alcohol (B) Acetone-Ether-Alcohol (C) Alcohol-Ether-Acetone Experiment (A) 1) At first a pair of each 10g. of sample was extracted with ether by the Soxhlet's apparatus for a week. After the extraction had been comp leted, the extract was freed from ether and weighed. In 100g.of milkpowder In 100g.of dry matter Total ether matters soluble 3.609g. 3.779g. 2) The above extract was dissolved in a very little of ether.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Apr
    3,030,421 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 17, 1962 2 3,030,421 perature and under a reduced pressure. In the case of PROCESS FOR PREPARNG TRHYDROXY most of the catalysts the reaction products, which are free METHYL-PHOSPHINE s from solvents, solidify already when being cooled to room Martin Reuter and Ludwig Ortane, Frankfurt an Main, temperature. If, in the case of some catalysts, they Germany, assignors to Farbwerke Hoechst Aktienger 5 solidify only at a lower temperature and still contain to sellschaft vormas Meister Lucius & Briining, Frank a greater extent oily by-products and/or phosphonium furt am Main, Germany, a corporation of Gerinally hydroxide, they can be separated from the latter by filter No Drawing. Fied Jaa. 14, 1958, Ser. No. 708,764 ing or pressing. - - - Claims priority, application Germany Jan. 23, 1957 It is to be assumed that the crystalline main product 6 Canas. (C. 260-606.5) O of the present invention constitutes the hitherto unknown We have found that a new and valuable phosphorus trihydroxymethyl-phosphine. Main and by-products are compound carrying hydroxymethyl groups at the phos easily soluble in water and methanol and sparingly solu phorus atom can be prepared by reacting 1 mol of formal ble in fat dissolvers. dehyde with 4 mol of phosphine, preferably in the pres The reaction products of the invention can be used as ence of water, and in the presence of Small quantities of 5 insecticides, additives for lubricants, flame-proofing agents finely distributed metals that do not belong to the alkali for wood and textiles and as intermediates for these sub metals or alkaline earth metals and/or their compounds Staces.
    [Show full text]
  • Asbestos, So That the Statement That
    Br J Ind Med: first published as 10.1136/oem.48.6.430 on 1 June 1991. Downloaded from 430 Forum 49 Muehleck E. Letter to WWF Sheperd bles paranoia. In the so that the statement (Turner and Newall). 8 March, 1943. fully developed asbestos, that 50 Hardy HL. Personal communications, form of this psychosis the individual the disease was "discovered by the 1982, 1989. adopts a false premise and then uses ancients," while adding historical 51 Brown V. Letter to E Muehleck (Keas- every device of selection and bias to colour and apparent verisimilitude, is bey & Mattison Co) and JFD Rohr- bach (Raybestos-Manhattan). 22 support it. In the case of a person who manifest nonsense. October, 1948. thinks he is Napoleon or she is the This temptation to dramatise and 52 Brown V. Letter to sponsors (Amer Virgin Mary it is easy to recognise the emotionalise is apparent throughout Brake Shoe, Gatke Corp, Keasbey false premise. is the whole book. I have not and Mattison, Raybestos-Manhattan, It less easy with a counted the Thermoid Corp, Union Asbestos and subject which has been ventilated in emotional adjectives but the book is Rubber Co, Russell Manufacturing the media over the last 25 years to such liberally besprinkled with them while Co, United States Gypsum Co). 27 an extent that the average man in the the author flogs himselfinto a lather of October 1948. 53 Brown V. Letter to WT Kelly (Amer street tends to agree with the premise indignation. One early example is a Brake Shoe). 12 November, 1948.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid and Cadmium Chloride, Copper Chloride, Manganese Chloride, and Zinc Chloride
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1993 Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid and Cadmium Chloride, Copper Chloride, Manganese Chloride, and Zinc Chloride Samia A. Kosa Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Kosa, Samia A., "Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid and Cadmium Chloride, Copper Chloride, Manganese Chloride, and Zinc Chloride" (1993). Master's Theses. 4363. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4363 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND CADMIUM CHLORIDE, COPPER CHLORIDE, MANGANESE CHLORIDE, AND ZINC CHLORIDE by Samia A. Kosa A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Chemistry Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1993 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere appreciation to my committee advisor, Dr. Donald Schriber, for his continual guidance, direction, and assistance in this research. I would also like to acknowledge the help of the other committee members, Dr. Thomass Houser and Dr. Ralph Steinhaus, towards this work. My family continuously provided me support and encouragement and to them I owe more than I can say.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Author Version (PDF)
    Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. We will replace this Accepted Manuscript with the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as it is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/materialsA Page 1 of 9 Journal of Materials Chemistry A ARTICLE JMCA Safer Salts for CdTe Nanocrystal Solution Processed Solar Cells: The Dual Roles of Ligand Exchange and Grain Growth Received 00th January 20xx, a b c d e Accepted 00th January 20xx Troy K. Townsend, † William B. Heuer, Edward E. Foos, Eric Kowalski, Woojun Yoon and Joseph G. Tischler e DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Inorganic CdSe/CdTe nanocrystals for solid-state photovoltaic devices are typically sintered into a bulk-like material after www.rsc.org/ annealing in the presence of solid cadmium chloride.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) in Patients On
    Guideline Department of Health, NSW 73 Miller Street North Sydney NSW 2060 Locked Mail Bag 961 North Sydney NSW 2059 Telephone (02) 9391 9000 Fax (02) 9391 9101 http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/policies/ space space Prevention of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) in Patients on Bisphosphonate Therapies space Document Number GL2010_010 Publication date 23-Jul-2010 Functional Sub group Clinical/ Patient Services - Dental/Oral Clinical/ Patient Services - Pharmaceutical Clinical/ Patient Services - Medical Treatment Summary This document provides a consensus based guideline, drawing on current documented best practices, for the undertaking of invasive dental/oral surgical procedures on patients taking bisphosphonate agents so as to minimise the risk, or prevent the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Replaces Doc. No. Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws - Prevention [GL2008_010] Author Branch Centre for Oral Health Strategy Branch contact Peter List 8821 4310 Applies to Area Health Services/Chief Executive Governed Statutory Health Corporation, Board Governed Statutory Health Corporations, Affiliated Health Organisations - Non Declared, Affiliated Health Organisations - Declared, Community Health Centres, Dental Schools and Clinics, Public Hospitals Audience Public Oral Health Practitioners, Medical Practitioners, Private Dental Practitioners Distributed to Public Health System, Divisions of General Practice, Government Medical Officers, NSW Ambulance Service, NSW Department of Health, Private Hospitals and Day Procedure Centres,
    [Show full text]
  • Consumption, Silicosis, and the Social Construction of Industrial Disease
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Baruch College 1991 Consumption, silicosis, and the social construction of industrial disease. D. Rosner CUNY Bernard M Baruch College G. Markowitz CUNY Bernard M Baruch College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bb_pubs/24 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 64 (1991), 481-498 Consumption, Silicosis, and the Social Construction of Industrial Disease* DAVID ROSNER, Ph.D.,a AND GERALD MARKOWITZ, Ph.D." aProfessor ofHistory, Baruch College and CUNYGraduate Center, New York; "Professor ofHistory, John Jay College, City University ofNew York New York, New York Received September 10, 1991 In the wake of the bacterial revolution after Robert Koch identified the tuberculosis bacillus, medical and public health professionals classified the various forms of consumption and phthisis as a single disease-tuberculosis. In large measure, historians have adopted that perspective. While there is undoubtedly a great deal of truth in this conceptualization, we argue that it obscures almost as much as it illuminates. By collapsing the nineteenth-century terms phthisis and consumption into tuberculosis, we maintain that historians have not understood the effect of non-bacterial consumption on working-class populations who suffered from the symptoms of coughing, wasting away, and losing weight. In this essay, we explore how, in the nineteenth century, what we now recognize as silicosis was referred to as miners' "con," stonecutters' phthisis, and other industry-specific forms of phthisis and consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Particularly Hazardous Substances
    Particularly Hazardous Substances In its Laboratory Standard, OSHA requires the establishment of additional protections for persons working with "Particularly Hazardous Substances" (PHS). OSHA defines these materials as "select" carcinogens, reproductive toxins and acutely toxic materials. Should you wish to add: explosive, violently reactive, pyrophoric and water-reactve materials to this category, the information is included. Carbon nanotubes have also been added due to their suspected carcinogenic properties. This table is designed to assist the laboratory in the identification of PHS, although it is not definitively conclusive or entirely comprehensive. *Notes on the proper use of this table appear on page 12. 1 6 5 2 3 4 Substance CAS National Toxicity National Program Carcinogen Toxin Acute Regulated OSHA Carcinogen Group IARC Carcinogen Toxin Reproductive Violently Reactive/ Explosive/Peroxide Forming/Pyrophoric A-a-C(2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3,b]indole) 2648-68-5 2B Acetal 105-57-7 yes Acetaldehyde 75-07-0 NTP AT 2B Acrolein (2-Propenal) 107-02-8 AT Acetamide 126850-14-4 2B 2-Acetylaminofluorene 53-96-3 NTP ORC Acrylamide 79-06-6 NTP 2B Acrylyl Chloride 814-68-6 AT Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 NTP ORC 2B Adriamycin 23214-92-8 NTP 2A Aflatoxins 1402-68-2 NTP 1 Allylamine 107-11-9 AT Alkylaluminums varies AT Allyl Chloride 107-05-1 AT ortho-Aminoazotoluene 97-56-3 NTP 2B para-aminoazobenzene 60-09-3 2B 4-Aminobiphenyl 92-67-1 NTP ORC 1 1-Amino-2-Methylanthraquinone 82-28-0 NTP (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3’,2’-d]imidazole) 67730-11-4 2B
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Sargassum Angustifolium Ethanol Extract on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Hypertension in Rat
    Research Journal of Pharmacognosy (RJP) 8(1), 2021: 81-89 Received: 31 Oct 2020 Accepted: 17 Dec 2020 Published online: 19 Dec 2020 DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.255203.1637 Original article The Effect of Sargassum angustifolium Ethanol Extract on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Hypertension in Rat Leila Safaeian1* , Afsaneh Yegdaneh2, Masoud Mobasherian1 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Abstract Background and objectives: Sargassum angustifolium is a brown alga in southwestern coastline of Persian Gulf. Regarding the presence of various bioactive compounds and evidence of antihypertensive effects in other species of Sargassum, we evaluated the effect of S. angustifolium ethanol extract in CdCl2-induced hypertension in Wistar rats. Methods: Alga extract was prepared by maceration method using 70% ethanol and assessed for total phenolics and salt content. CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to the rats for two weeks. Treatment groups received S. angustifolium extract (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) or nifedipine (10 mg/kg) orally and simultaneously were given CdCl2 for two weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate were measured using tail-cuff method. Total antioxidant capacity, urea, creatinine, electrolytes including sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride were estimated in blood samples. The weight and histopathology of kidney tissues were also evaluated. Results: The content of total phenolic as gallic acid equivalent and the salt as NaCl was 67.42 ± 9.5 mg/g and 6.9 g/100 g in dried ethanol extract, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the International and Egyptian Occupational Diseases’ Lists - Review
    Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 2012; 36 (2) : 215-237 DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL AND EGYPTIAN OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES’ LISTS - REVIEW By Abo El-Ata GA Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Abstract: An occupational disease is typically identified when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given group of workers than in the general population, or in other worker populations. The present review study aims at eliciting development of the occupational diseases concepts and lists in Egypt and internationally, in order to anticipate the future trends in enhancing the supportive activities targeting healthcare activities of the Egyptian workers. The historical and present situation of occupational diseases are carefully reviewed and discussed, emphasizing the foot prints of related conceptions in Egypt and ILO. Future ambitions are expressed by the current study. Adopt the ILO list as well as its future amendments. In addition, re-formatting the schedule, in a similar way the ILO list is organized in three categories of occupational diseases: 1) Diseases caused by agents (chemical, physical, biological) ; 2) Diseases of target organ systems (respiratory, skin and mucous membranes, musculoskeletal, liver, kidney, endocrine, etc.) ; and 3) Occupational cancer. Restructure the basic occupational health services (BOHS) to insure provision of comprehensive and continuous benefits for every worker in his workplace. A series of guidelines and codes of practice should be issued to facilitate adoption of BOHS with detailed required procedures. The study recommended continued improving the Egyptian schedule, with establishment of proper guidelines and codes of practice to lead surveillance of the worker’s health and the workplace, an important item in basic occupational health services (BOHS).
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-KANSAS CITY CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Revised May 2016 UMKC CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN This document constitutes the Chemical Management Plan (CMP) for the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC). It was developed by the Environmental Health and Safety Department (EHS), to ensure the safe and proper use of hazardous and non- hazardous chemicals and to comply with applicable governmental regulations addressing the disposal of these chemicals. In addition, it was developed to foster waste minimization, and to provide the faculty and the staff with a management program to reduce the potential for accidents involving hazardous chemicals and/or wastes. Elements of the CMP include: a. a procedure for identifying potential or actual hazardous chemicals or wastes b. a procedure for periodic reexamination of those hazardous chemicals or wastes identified by the procedure in (a.) above as well as a systematic method for identification and evaluation of any new potential or actual hazardous chemicals or wastes c. procedures for labeling, and inventorying hazardous chemicals or wastes d. a procedure for identification and training of personnel directly responsible for ensuring that (a.), (b.), and (c.) are implemented e. a procedure for monitoring, recording, and reporting compliance with the CMP f. a procedure by which information generated by the CMP is provided to the persons performing waste analyses Each element is addressed as part of the complete CMP in the following paragraphs. 4 Table of Contents 1 Definitions 7 2 Identification
    [Show full text]
  • NXP Semiconductors NXP List of Hazardous Substances in Products
    NXP Semiconductors NX3-00119 NXP List of Hazardous Substances Sustainability 01-October-2012 in Products and Packaging Sustainability Page 1 of 7 Supersedes: NX3-00119 01-October-2010 Table of contents 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 2 2 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 2 3 Responsibilities, Records & Risks......................................................................................... 2 3.1 Roles and Responsibilities .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Records ................................................................................................................................ 2 3.3 Risks .................................................................................................................................... 3 4 References ........................................................................................................................... 3 5 Definitions/Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 3 5.1 Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 3 5.2 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]