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Volki (Annelida: Clitellata: Propappidae) from Japan

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JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology Species Diversity, 2006, 11, 359-365 New Record of Propappus volki (Annelida: Clitellata: Propappidae) from Japan Takaaki Torii ll)Et`I CDnsuttants inc., 1334-5Riemon, Oigawa. Shida, Shizuoka, 421-CL212 .lapan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 1 November 2005; Accepted 11 July 2006) A species of freshwater oligochaete, PrQpoppus volki Michaelsen, 1916, is newly recorded from sand and gravel bottoms of several unpolluted streams in Honshu, Japan. The present material agrees well with the previous de- scriptiens of this species except that the spermathecal ampulla is shorter and the proboscis is more elomgate than those described earlier. This is the first record of the family Propappidae Coates, 1986 (New Japanese name: Ko- himemimizu-ka) and the genus Prql)qppus Miehaelsen, 1905 (New Japanese narne: Ko-himemimizu-zoku) in Japan. It provides evidence that the oligochaete fauna in Japan is more closely related to the Holarctic than to the Sino-Indian zoogeographical region, PrQpqppus votici can be regarded as a good bio-indicator fbr unpolluted water. Key Words: oligochaetes, Clitellata, Propappidae, Propappus volki, new record, Japan. Introduction The genus PrQpqppus was erected by Michaelsen (1905) fbr PrQpappus gtandu- losus Michaelsen, 1905 in the family Enchytraeidae. Afterwards Coates (1986) cre- ated the family Propappidae for the single genus PrQpappus on the basis of a unique combination of setal and genital characteristics distinctly different from those ef the Enchytraeidae. Only three species of Propampus have so far been described from freshwater habitats of the Palaearctic region, Among them, Prqpqppus glandulosus has been recorded from Lake Baikal and the Angara and Yenisey Rivers in central Russia (Michaelsen 1905; Coates 1986), PrQpqppus arhynchotus Sokolskaja, 1972 has been recorded only from the Kamchatka Peninsula and Amur basin in the Russian Far East (Timm 1994, 1999a). On the other hand, another species, PrQpQppus volki Michaelsen, 1916 originally described by Michaelsen (l916a) from Hamburg, Ger- many, has been recorded from numerous localities extending from western Europe through the Russian Far East (Bird 1982; Coates 1986; Timm et al. 1996) as well as the St. Lawrence River in Canada (K. A. Coates, pers. comm,), In the course of benthological surveys in Japanese rivers by the author and colleagues, many propappid worms were found, as the such records from this country, They were identified as R volki and are described in the present paper, NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology 360 Takaaki Torii Materials and Methods Speeimens were collected from four rivers in central Japan, Live specimens were fixed in either 10t)i, formalin or 709I] ethanol solutions, after being anes- thetized in low concentrations of ethanol, when available. Specimens mounted whole on slides in Canada balsam were examined after having been dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and water solutions, and then cleared in methyl salicy- late. The specimens examined are stored at IDEA Consultants Inc., Shizuoka, Japan, except fbr one slide which has been deposited in the Division ef Biologieal Science, Graduate School of Seience, Hokkaido University (ZIHU). At the collec- tien site of P. volki in the Tooyama River, the composition of the coexisting ben- thic macroinvertebrates was examined. Taxonomy PrQpmppus votki Michaelsen, 1916 [New Japanese name: Nagahana-ko-himemimizu] (Fig, 1) Prcrpqppus volki Michaelsen, 1916: 51-55; Cernosvitov 1937: 273, figs 1, 2; Wachs 1967: 322, fig. 9; Bird 1982: 67-75; Coates 1986: 423-425, fig, 3; Timm et al. 1996: 27. See Coates (1986) for other synonyms and references. Material exarnined. Thirty mature specimens, Yahagi River, Kodako, Kamiyahagi Town, Gifu Prefecture, Japan (35o15'39"N, 137e29'24"E), 11 February 2004, T. Torii coll, (1 mature specimen registered as ZIHU 3176); 1 mature and 2 im- mature specimens, Tooyama River, Minamishinano Village, Shimoina County, Nagano Prefecture, Japan (35023'13"N, 138001'41"E), 8 August 2004, T. Torii coll.; 1 mature and 10 immature specimens, Takase River, Hodaka Town, Kitaazumino County, Nagano Prefecture, Japan (36022'21.8"N, 137S52'49,2"E), 10 December 2002, C. Sato coll.; 3 mature specimens, Yoshii River, Okutsu Town, Okayama Prefec- ture, Japan (35"10'46"N, 133054'21"E), 21 March 2004, T, Shimizu colL Description of new material. Body white or pale yellowish when living. Fol- Iowing measured numerical values all taken from fixed mature specimens, Body length 5.4-7.8mm (rnean± SD: 6.6± O.8, n-18), with 38-50 (most often 42-45) seg- ments. Pharyngeal glands absent. Pharyngeal pad slightly thickened, Clitellum in segments XII-XIV. Clitellar gland cells small, 7.5-16.3ptm long (13.1± 4.1, n-:4), 3.0-4.3ptm wide (3.7± O,5, n==4), oval and arranged transversely. Head and dorsal pores absent. Brain 87.5-135,Opm long (105.5± 15.1, n=12), 75.0-80.0pm wide (76.6± 2.1, n-=5) anteriorly, 40.0-42.5um wide (41,4± 1.0, n=5) posteriorly. Brain rounded anteriorly, deeply incised with dorsal bloed vessels posteriorly. Pros- tomium tbrming proboscis, latter 45.0-I25.0um long (96,6± 21.4, n=-39), 24.0-36,Opm wide (30.0± 4.2, n-10) anteriorly and 25.e-37.5#m longwide (31.1± 4.2, n-=10) at base; length of proboscis about O.5 times greater than posterior width of segment III. Both dorsal and ventral setal bundles beginning in segment II. All setae closely similar in number, length, and fbrm throughout body. Setae three per bundle (Fig. IA), 4,5-80"m long (most often 65 77um); each setae sigmoid in shape with bifid NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology Propoppus votki from Japan 361 .t.t C ttt/ tt l/ ttttt .t ';'/"/-)..//･kt"･I"'itti'= tt .. t'1/;/t' " A {-'H,"tit,'llikyk"/..I.../ .- ,. 'itt'1.1 ",'t' "z '? ,t ' //./ ,1 ,'-. ?,,',.., u,/ J- .L.....-" ../ . Lt2I.t:::]Opm D l･lt // .t .. fF" ,'' ttltt'/'''/' '' ' L:2:-:::-iOpm 'f""' B ir-,,, Xlt xl i,e' ,･', XHI x t/ // '',11J.ls) !ii･t Ntii, :'t' t'f''' '1/ SP xi}e･..,,gift-..･.i･i,･/i:I$･lll/{･lii't /' E , ,g' .g i ttt""-/'-/'l/s･" t ttt [-,1 t.tttt ltttttltttt..tt.;t g .-1･llte･tttl tttttt ttt h t l ,/ ..11.tl.,.,1, 1 'L ,, ...,-,-,,v･,,.-, .I.,-E:lift-- "':' i t sy 1･k,vd mp i ; o 2oe "m - 2eo pm[ Fig. 1. PrQpampus volki Michaelsen, 1916, mature specimen from Yahagi River, Gifu Prefec- ture, Japan, A, Anterior ventral setae; B, reproductive organs in segments X-XIII, side view; C, vas deferens, sperm funnel, and penis; D, vas deferens, side view; E, anterior body and spermathecae, horizontal ventral view. Abbreviationsi fs, filiform spermatozoa; mp, male pore; o, ovary; sa, spermathecal ampulla; st sperm funnel; sg, setal gtand; sp, spermathecal pore; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; vd, vas deferens. distal ends, lower tooth slightly thicker and about twice as long as upper tooth. Seta1 glands (Fig. IB, E, sg) flask-shaped, with narrow neck, 42.5-77.5pm long (57.9± 10.1, n==12), 20.0-35,O ptm (26,5± 4,5, n-12) wide in anterior segments. Nephridia from intersegmental boundary 5/6. Seminal vesicle unpaired, ex- tending from segment VI or VII to XIII. Spermathecal pores (Fig. IE, sp) paired, located in anterior part of segment IV ventrolaterally, 5,O-10.0pm in diame- NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology 362 Takaaki Torii ter (6.0± 2.0, n-6). Spermatheeal ectal ducts ca, 25CF500ptm long, 12.5-18.8pm (16.0± 2,2, n=10) in minimum width, without ectal glands. Spermathecal ampullae bead-shaped, with several swellings, ca. 375-640pam long, 70.0-147,5pm (90.9± 22.1, n= 11) in maximum width, extending from segment V or VI to as far as segments VII-X and not connected with gut, Walls of spermathecal ampullae only 2.0-6.3"m thick (3.6± 1,4, n-10). Swollen parts of spermathcal ampullae fi11ed with filiform masses of spermatozoa. One pair of testes located at posterior face of intersegmen- tal beundary 10/11 ventrolateraly. Thick bundles of filiform spermatozoa present in front of sperm funnel and around testes. Sperm funnels (Fig. IB, C, sD on ante- rior faee of intersegmental boundary 11/12, thick and conical in shape, becDming thinner posteriorly, 52.5-105.0pm (75.7± 20.2, n-7) in diameter at ental margin. Vasa deferentia (Fig. IB, C, D, vd) in segment XII, thick-walled entally, becoming thinner and irregularly coiled ectally. Total length of vasa deferentia and sperm funnels ca, 500-800"m. Minimum width of vasa deferentia 12,5-16.31im (14.3± 1,3, n=9). Male pores locatedjust posterier to ventral setal bundles in segment XII, Pro- trusive penes 10,O-26.3"m long (20.1+8.8, n=3), Penial bulb 27.5-37,5ptm wide (32,3± 4.2, n-7), Pair of large ovaries (Fig, IB, o) located in segment XIII, some- times extending into segment XIV or XV. Alimentary canal without diverticula, abruptly widening in segment XV or XVI. Habitat. The present specimens were collected from 10-30cm below the bot- tom sutace in sand and gravel at the end of a sandbar, downstream ef which sub- soil water fiowed in and eut (=:hyporheic zone), Current velocities were 4(>-60 cm/s and the water depths were 20-50cm. The minimum water temperature during the year was 2.0oC, and the maximum 23,60C, at the lecality in the Yahagi River. The fo11ewing macroinvertebrates were collected together with P. volki at the locality in the Tooyama River: Arais communis Piguet, 1906 (Clitellata, Oligochaeta); llphemera jqponica Mclaehlan, 1875, Drunetta tshlyamana, Matsumura, 1931, Alainites yoshinensis (Gose, 1980), Baetielta jcrponica (Imanishi, 1930), Baetis thernzi- cus Ueno, 1931, Ec(tvonurus viridis (Matsumura, 1931), liipeorus curvatulus Mat- sumura, 1931, and llipeorus nipponicus (Ueno, 1931) (Ephemeroptera); Ktimimuria quadrata (Klapalek, 1907) and Ptxragnetina tinctipennis (McLachlan, 1875) (Ple- coptera); l]lydropsyche orientalis Martynov, 1934, Stenopsyche marmorata Navas, 1920, and Eobrachycentrus sp.
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  • Japan-10: Shinano-Gawa Japan-11: Tone-Gawa Japan-12: Yodo-Gawa

    Japan-10: Shinano-Gawa Japan-11: Tone-Gawa Japan-12: Yodo-Gawa

    Japan Japan-10: Shinano-gawa Japan-11: Tone-gawa Japan-12: Yodo-gawa 79 Introduction The three rivers compiled into this volume are: the Shinano-gawa, the Tone-gawa and the Yodo-gawa, all of which are in Honshu Island. These rivers have very long histories especially in terms of the politics, economy and culture of Japan. The Shinano-gawa is famous for its length (367 km) as the longest river in Japan. The river originates from a high mountainous area (often referred to as the Japanese Alps) in the centre of Honshu Island. Its plentiful waters flow to the Echigo Plain, where rich rice paddy fields have been developed. The basin is famous for its agricultural production of rice and apples. Hydro-electric power is generated from many dams in the mountainous headwaters. The Tone-gawa, which flows through the north of the Tokyo Metropolitan area, is a major water resource for the city. The catchment area is the largest in Japan (16,840 km2) and its population is said to be 12 million. However, 30 million people, including the residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan area, are primarily dependent on the water resources of the Tone-gawa. The Yodo-gawa flows through the Kansai region, a political and cultural centre of Japan for more than 15 centuries. The famous ancient capitals of Nara (710-784) and Kyoto (784-1868) are located in the river’s middle reaches, while Osaka, a modern industrial and commercial city of Japan is at the river mouth. In the upper reaches of the river is Lake Biwa, the biggest lake in Japan.