DOCSLIB.ORG

Japan, the Rise of a Modern Power

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Japan, the Rise of a Modern Power Ci.T ' ^ '* - \' \ i-:*<^.r •It i\' -"r -.1, -. I'; ft . V ^ , , >^i >. .k ,, \t CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION ON CHINA AND THE CHINESE DS SSsAX"""'"'"""'*'"''""^ Japan, the rise of a modern power, 3 1924 012 910 893 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 92401 291 0893 OUFFIN JAPAN The Rise of a Modern Power Oxford University Press London Edinburgh Glasgow New York Toronto Melbourne Cape Town Bonibay Humphrey Milford Publisher to the University JAPAN The Rise of a Modern Power By ROBERT P. PORTER AUTHOR OF ' THE FULL RECOGNITION OF JAPAN ', ETC OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1918 w/o?7/o PREFACE My father died while this book was in an incomplete state, although the greater part of it was in type ; and it is owing to the kindness of several of his friends who have consented to put the work into final form that it has become possible to publish it. In writing it his object was to describe, for English- speaking people, the main facts of Japanese history. Despite the efforts of numerous Orientalists to popularize knowledge of Japanese history and of Japanese political, economic, and social conditions, he felt that a great deal has yet to be done before the average British youth and adult will be as familiar with Japan as the average Japanese youth and adult are with Great Britain. As Viscount Chinda, the Japanese Ambassador to the Court of St. James, said in addressing the British present at a meeting of, the Japan Society held in iiondon on December 13, 1916, although there never had been a time when the ' bonds of fraternal feelings ' between the Japanese and the British had been so strong, ' you do not know one-tenth as much about us as we do about you '. Obviously, therefore, there is room for another —many another—book in English tracing the evolution of Japan, and pointing out the salient features of the Japanese civilization of to-day. In the present work an endeavour is made to explain how it has come to pass that an Oriental people, isolated for several centuries from other races, and from a naval, military, and financial standpoint almost as impotent as Burmah or Siam, was able in the half-century from 1853 to 1903 to out- strip all other native Asiatic Powers and to bring into being ; vi Preface naval and military forces capable, in 1904, and 1905, of defeating the whole of the Russian Fleet and- a large section of the Russian Army. The first part traces the course of Japanese history from 660 b. c. down to the surrender of Kiao-Chau by the Germans to the Japanese and British in November 19 14, while the second contains chapters on the physical characteristics and population, the resources and industrial progress, the trade and internal communica- tions, the development of the Army and Navy, and the literature and art of Japan. My father was. well aware that he had omitted much of great interest, and he referred any one desirous of studying Japanese history and Modern Japan in greater detail to such works as the monumental History of the Japanese People of Captain Brinkley and Baron Kikuchi, Marquis Okuma's Fifty Tears oj New Japan, Murdoch and Yamagata's History of Japan, the writings of Professor Longford, Sir E. Satow, Mr. B. H. Chamberlain, and Dr. W. G. Aston, and his own Japan, the New World Power. He wished to e^jjress his obligations, among others, to Mr. James B. Rye, who is largely responsible for the historical portions of the book to the Proprietors of The Times for allowing him to use various excerpts from the Japanese Sections of The Times, including the map of Japan which appears at the beginning of Chapter I ; to Professor Haga, of the Imperial University, Tokyo, who kindly read portions of the proofs ; and to Mr, Honda, the Counsellor of the Japanese Embassy in London, for the friendly interest he has taken in the work. Last, but not least, I must thank his friend and colleague, Mr. H. M. Ross, for his kindness in attending to the many details in connexion with seeing the book through the press. August, 1917. Russell H. Porter. — CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ix PART I 1. From the Accession of the First Mikado to the Landing of the Portuguese in Japan ..... i 2. The Reunification of Japan in the Sixteenth Century Jesuit Propaganda—Hideyoshi's Invasion of Corea . 2g 3. From the Death of Hideyoshi to the Closing of Japan to Europeans—Creation of the Tokugawa Shogunate Relations of Japan with England and Holland . 55 4. From the Closing to the Opening of Japan ... 79 5. The Occidentalizing of Japan from 1858 to 1894 . 104 6. The Chino-Japanese War of 1894-5 . .122 7. From the Chino-Japanese War to the Russo-Japanese War 140 8. The Russo-Japanese War—From the Opening of Hos- tilities to the Battle of the Yalu . -157 9. The Russo-Japanese War (concWeii) . \y6 10. From the Treaty of Portsmouth to the Opening of the Great War 208 11. The Great War 247 PART II 12. Physical Characteristics—Population—Sports . 263 13. Resources and Industrial Progress .... 280 14. Trade and Internal Communications .... 296 15. Evolution of Army and Navy . • 311 16. Literature and Art ....... 327 ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS The Empire of Japan. Its Relation to the Mainland . Tojacep.i Toscanelli's Map Page 35 Area of the Russo-Japanese War .... To face p. i^'/ Operations in the Liao Tung Peninsula .... Page 195 A Business Quarter of Tokyo . -215 Yokohama Bay from Kanagawa . .219 A Bit of Kobe Harbour ........ 221 Osaka ........... 223 Kyoto ........... 227 Japanese Naval Activities ....... 255 INTRODUCTION The gigantic struggle at present proceeding in Europe and the Near East has necessarily modiiied the attitude of the British towards foreign races. Before August 1914 it had become the fashion to lay undue stress on such comparatively unimportant matters as the colour of human beings, the shape of their heads, and the form of their languages. Thus it was supposed, because most Germans were white-skinned, becatise their faces and skulls were like those of many Englishmen, because they spoke a language akin to our own, that, therefore, the Germans did not differ in essential respects from the inhabitants of the British Isles of Teutonic descent. Asiatics, Africans, and Polynesians were regarded by many as our inferiors. Christ, it is true, was born in Palestine, Mahomet in Arabia, Buddha in India, and Confucius in China ; but, though the vast majority of the inhabitants of the British Empire and the larger half of the Indian Army were Asiatics, and though from 1902 onwards we had been in alliance with the Japanese, no British statesman before August 1914 would have cared to admit that his spiritual home was in Asia. Among the non-European races who have rallied to the cause of civilization, the most important and interesting is unquestionably the Japanese. It is difficult to over-estimate the debt which we owe them. The Japanese leaders had profoundly studied the military history and organization of Germany, and fully understood the enormous strength of X Introduction the Central European Powers, though Japan had never fought against Germany or her Allies until August 1914. Germany, indeed, had encouraged Russia and France to wrest from Japan the fruits of her victory over China in 1894-5, and the Kaiser's treacherous warning that Europeans ' should prepare against a Yellow Peril ' had been an insult to Japan as well as to China. If the Japanese had been the Bulgarians or Turks of the Far East, they would surely have been discovered to be in secret alliance with the Germans. Had they taken their stand by Germany, the whole course of the war would have been changed. It is doubtful if British troops could have been safely transported from Australia, New Zealand, or India to fight in Europe. A large portion of the Allied fleets would have had to be stationed in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, and the danger of naval defeats in the North Sea would have been corre- spondingly increased. Japanese guns and gunners would not have been before Warsaw in November 1914 ; and Japan, instead of being, as it happened, an arsenal and workshop for the Allies, would have been a base from which German and Japanese men-of-war would have preyed on their shipping. It is not, however, solely or mainly because of our debt to Japan that we ought to study her history and become familiar with her civilization. Separated by a hundred or so miles of sea from Corea, by five times that distance of sea from China, and by the Pacific Ocean from America, the islands ruled over by the Mikado have been a laboratory in which a unique type of human being and a unique type of culture have been produced. The history of Japan, like the history of Ancient Greece, has for us Occidentals of the twentieth century an educational value of the highest Introduction xi importance. We can measure our moral, aesthetic, and in- tellectual progress by the standard of Japan before she adopted Western manners and methods, and benefit greatly by observing the attitude in recent times of this highly intelligent and progressive nation towards Western civilization. ' , 150° T S JE Konpakopa'. O KH OISIK Petropavlo^sk ^ ' "f"^' (oil i, \ ^N .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory Pictures in a Time of Defeat: Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901
    Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory pictures in a time of defeat: depicting war in the print and visual culture of late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18449 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. VICTORY PICTURES IN A TIME OF DEFEAT Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884-1901 Yin Hwang Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art 2014 Department of the History of Art and Archaeology School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 2 Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person.
    [Show full text]
  • French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015, « Japan and Colonization » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 01 Janvier 2015, Consulté Le 08 Juillet 2021
    Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies English Selection 4 | 2015 Japan and Colonization Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/949 DOI : 10.4000/cjs.949 ISSN : 2268-1744 Éditeur INALCO Référence électronique Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015, « Japan and Colonization » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2015, consulté le 08 juillet 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/cjs/949 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/cjs.949 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 8 juillet 2021. Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 1 SOMMAIRE Introduction Arnaud Nanta and Laurent Nespoulous Manchuria and the “Far Eastern Question”, 1880‑1910 Michel Vié The Beginnings of Japan’s Economic Hold over Colonial Korea, 1900-1919 Alexandre Roy Criticising Colonialism in pre‑1945 Japan Pierre‑François Souyri The History Textbook Controversy in Japan and South Korea Samuel Guex Imperialist vs Rogue. Japan, North Korea and the Colonial Issue since 1945 Adrien Carbonnet Cipango - French Journal of Japanese Studies, 4 | 2015 2 Introduction Arnaud Nanta and Laurent Nespoulous 1 Over one hundred years have now passed since the Kingdom of Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910. It was inevitable, then, that 2010 would be an important year for scholarship on the Japanese colonisation of Korea. In response to this momentous anniversary, Cipango – Cahiers d’études japonaises launched a call for papers on the subject of Japan’s colonial past in the spring of 2009. 2 Why colonisation in general and not specifically relating to Korea? Because it seemed logical to the journal’s editors that Korea would be the focus of increased attention from specialists of East Asia, at the risk of potentially forgetting the longer—and more obscure—timeline of the colonisation process.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Medicine in the Construction of a Modern Japanese Identity, 1868-1912 Disse
    Science, Nurses, Physicians and Disease: The Role of Medicine in the Construction of a Modern Japanese Identity, 1868-1912 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Roberto Ramon Padilla II Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: James Bartholomew, Advisor Cynthia Brokaw Philip Brown Copyright by Roberto Ramon Padilla II 2009 Abstract This is a history of the emergence of a modern Japanese identity in the latter half of the nineteenth century as seen through the lens of scientific medicine. This study makes the argument that Japanese physicians’ construction of a modern identity was a two-fold process that identified Japan in line with Western imperialism and Western fields of knowledge, while conceptually distancing the island nation from nearby Asian neighbors. This perspective, which reflected the growing understanding among Japanese of their country’s emerging place in the world in the Meiji era (1868-1912), occurred within the context of the broad social, political, economic and military reforms that defined this period. Western medicine based on the rational proofs and perceived universality of scientific inquiry, positioned Japanese physicians as agents of modernity. I examine the way scientific medicine informed Japanese modernity in two ways: I begin by looking at how the Japanese Red Cross Society nurse came to be perceived as a national heroine, then I explain the Japanese Army Medical Bureau’s struggle to prevent beriberi, a nutritional deficiency illness in its ranks. These case studies offer a window into the interplay between modern medicine and traditional social values and underscore the reality that a field of knowledge is not adopted, but rather adapted and negotiated.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Distribution and Behavior of PFOS (Perfluorooctane Title Sulfonate) and PFOA (Perfluorooctanoate) in Water Environment( Dissertation 全文 )
    Study on Distribution and Behavior of PFOS (Perfluorooctane Title Sulfonate) and PFOA (Perfluorooctanoate) in Water Environment( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Lien, Nguyen Pham Hong Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2007-09-25 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k13379 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion author Kyoto University Study on Distribution and Behavior of PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate) and PFOA (Pefluorooctanoate) in Water Environment （水環境における PFOS (ペルフルオロオクタンスルホン酸) および PFOA（ペルフルオロオクタン酸）の分布と挙動に関する研究） NGUYEN PHAM HONG LIEN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan September 2007 Nguyen Pham Hong LIEN ii ABSTRACT PFOS (perfluoroctane sulfonate) and PFOA (perfloroctanoate) are man-made surfactants having wide range of industrial and commercial applications for decades. In the beginning of this decade, researcher found that they were ubiquitous in living organism and human, and that they possibly had characteristics of persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, there is an emerging need to study PFOS and PFOA contamination environment, particularly in the water environment. The research aims at examination of spatial distribution and behavior of PFOS and PFOA in water environment of several countries, with focus on new places where examination has never been conducted. Therefore, the method to analyze PFOS and PFOA in environmental water was developed. Sampling surveys were conducted to collect various types of water including surface water, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges, and tap water from various locations for analysis of PFOS and PFOA. Distribution and behavior of PFOS and PFOA were examined as three main parts.
    [Show full text]
  • The History, Tradition, and Culture of Kyoto Prefecture
    The History, Tradition, and Culture of Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto Prefectural Education Center Preface The world has become a smaller place due to the development of high-speed machines and information technology. Nowadays the ability to show the world our identity as Japanese people including our culture and tradition, especially the ability to communicate with the rest of the world, is needed more than ever. Throughout history, Kyoto has been at the center of Japanese culture and history. Kyoto is therefore a good starting point for communicating with the world about Japanese culture and history. In this textbook, the history, tradition, and culture of each region in Kyoto Prefecture are introduced in English so that you, as high school students, can be proud to tell people from abroad about your hometown and Kyoto in English. The contents of chapter Ⅰto Ⅲ in this textbook are based on a Japanese textbook which was written for new teachers working in Kyoto Prefecture. Some parts have been erased and changed, and in other parts, new information was added so that high school students can understand better. You might find some difficult words in the textbook, however, the sentence structures are rather simple and readers with a basic knowledge of grammar can read on with a dictionary at hand. Furthermore, as the Japanese explanations are available on the right page, you can utilize them as a reference if the English is too difficult to understand. Besides, this textbook would be useful not only for students but also for people from abroad who don't know much about Kyoto Prefecture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russo-Japanese War, Britain's Military Observers, and British
    Born Soldiers Who March Under the Rising Sun: The Russo-Japanese War, Britain’s Military Observers, and British Impressions Regarding Japanese Martial Capabilities Prior to the First World War by Liam Caswell Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia December 2017 © Copyright by Liam Caswell, 2017 Table of Contents Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… ii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….. iii List of Abbreviations Used……………………………………………………………… iv Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………… v Chapter I Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter II “An Evident Manifestation of Sympathy”: The Relationship between the British Press and Japan at War………………………………………………………….. 25 Chapter III “Surely the Lacedaemonians at Thermopylae were Not Braver than these Men”: British Observers and the Character and Ability of the Japanese Soldier…………………………………………………………………………………... 43 Chapter IV “Russia’s Invincible Foe”: Estimations of British Observers Regarding the Performance of the Imperial Japanese Army…………………………………………… 77 Chapter V A Most Impressive Pupil: Captain William Pakenham, R.N., and the Performance of the Imperial Japanese Navy during the War’s Maritime Operations……………………………………………………………………………... 118 Chapter VI Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 162 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………... 170 ii Abstract This thesis explores how Japan’s military triumphs during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-’05 influenced British opinions regarding
    [Show full text]
  • Keywords in Literature and Culture (KILC). : Modernism
    Melba Cuddy-Keane is Emerita Member of the Graduate Department “Modernism: Keywords will be an indispensable Melba Cuddy-Keane of English, University of Toronto, resource from the moment it appears. The work is Adam Hammond and Emerita Professor, University rigorous in theoretical conception, broad in historical of Toronto-Scarborough, Canada. reach, and powerfully revisionary in its implications Alexandra Peat Modernism: Keywords presents a Her publications include Virginia for modernist study. It falls within the distinguished series of short entries explaining Woolf, the Intellectual, and the Public the diverse and often contradictory Sphere (2003), the Harcourt annotated legacy of Raymond Williams but also applies the meanings of words used with frequency edition of Virginia Woolf’s Between most current methods to an expanding archive of and urgency in “written modernism.” the Acts (2008), and contributions to modernist texts. Scholars and students at every Spanning the “long” modernist period A Companion to Modernist Literature level will keep it close at hand.” (from about 1880 to 1950), this work and Culture (Wiley Blackwell, 2006) Michael Levenson, University of Virginia aims not to define the era’s dominant and A Companion to Narrative Modernism “beliefs,” but to highlight and expose Theory (Wiley Blackwell, 2005). its salient controversies and changing cultural thought. Guided by the cultural Adam Hammond recently completed Keywords lexicography developed by Raymond an SSHRC postdoctoral fellowship at Williams in his ground-breaking work, the University of Victoria and is currently Keywords (1976), the entries here focus the Michael Ridley Postdoctoral Fellow on words with unstable meanings in Digital Humanities at the University and conflicting definitions, tracking of Guelph, Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Volki (Annelida: Clitellata: Propappidae) from Japan
    JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology Species Diversity, 2006, 11, 359-365 New Record of Propappus volki (Annelida: Clitellata: Propappidae) from Japan Takaaki Torii ll)Et`I CDnsuttants inc., 1334-5Riemon, Oigawa. Shida, Shizuoka, 421-CL212 .lapan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 1 November 2005; Accepted 11 July 2006) A species of freshwater oligochaete, PrQpoppus volki Michaelsen, 1916, is newly recorded from sand and gravel bottoms of several unpolluted streams in Honshu, Japan. The present material agrees well with the previous de- scriptiens of this species except that the spermathecal ampulla is shorter and the proboscis is more elomgate than those described earlier. This is the first record of the family Propappidae Coates, 1986 (New Japanese name: Ko- himemimizu-ka) and the genus Prql)qppus Miehaelsen, 1905 (New Japanese narne: Ko-himemimizu-zoku) in Japan. It provides evidence that the oligochaete fauna in Japan is more closely related to the Holarctic than to the Sino-Indian zoogeographical region, PrQpqppus votici can be regarded as a good bio-indicator fbr unpolluted water. Key Words: oligochaetes, Clitellata, Propappidae, Propappus volki, new record, Japan. Introduction The genus PrQpqppus was erected by Michaelsen (1905) fbr PrQpappus gtandu- losus Michaelsen, 1905 in the family Enchytraeidae. Afterwards Coates (1986) cre- ated the family Propappidae for the single genus PrQpappus on the basis of a unique combination of setal and genital characteristics distinctly different from those ef the Enchytraeidae. Only three species of Propampus have so far been described from freshwater habitats of the Palaearctic region, Among them, Prqpqppus glandulosus has been recorded from Lake Baikal and the Angara and Yenisey Rivers in central Russia (Michaelsen 1905; Coates 1986), PrQpqppus arhynchotus Sokolskaja, 1972 has been recorded only from the Kamchatka Peninsula and Amur basin in the Russian Far East (Timm 1994, 1999a).
    [Show full text]
  • Methodology for Analyzing the Genealogy of Ancient Japanese Clans
    Methodology for Analyzing the Genealogy of Ancient Japanese Clans Methodology for Analyzing the Genealogy of Ancient Japanese Clans Masanobu SUZUKI Abstract The genealogies of ancient Japanese clans were created to declare their political positions and claim legiti- macy for their service to the great kings in the Yamato sovereignty. Their genealogies, which include a great deal of semi-fictional content, and they are closely related to the “logic of rule”. In other words, they are representa- tions of the view of the world created by the ancient clans and used to support each other. By analyzing the genealogies, we can understand the actual situations of the ancient clans that we were not able to illuminate by using well-known historical materials. In addition, we can reveal the formation process of ancient Japan. How- ever, these points are not well known to Japanese researchers, much less to foreign researchers. Furthermore, until now, the history of genealogical studies was compiled as necessary in case studies, or classified from a research- er’s own particular viewpoint. Therefore, in this article, I have presented previous research in chronological order and by various categories, confirmed each category’s respective significance, and advocated three methodologies for analyzing the genealogies. These will help us progress beyond previous studies. the characteristics of genealogy in the field of the 1 Introduction paleography. The ancient Japanese clans made many genealo- However, these points are not well known to Jap- gies for themselves⑴. The purpose was not simply for anese researchers, much less to foreign researchers. them to record their ancestors.
    [Show full text]
  • Science and Art in Shigetaka Shiga's the Japanese Landscape (1894)
    JTLA(Jounal of the Faculty of Letters, The University of Tokyo, Aesthetics), Vol. 34(2009) 65 Unmediated Nationalism: Science and Art in Shigetaka Shiga's The Japanese Landscape (1894) Shin-ichi ANZai `Discovery of the Landscape' in Modern Japan According to the orthodox view of cultural history it was not until the modern era, specifi- cally the Renaissance, that Western people ceased to regard natural scenery merely from the viewpoint of utility or religion, and came to see nature as `landscape', as an aesthetic object'. This `discovery of the landscape' is often said to be related to the establishment of the modern autonomous self': just as the modern self gained its independence from conventional systems of value, accordingly the nature confronting the self gained its own objective independence (enabling, as a result, the self to exploit nature if necessary); then, in order to fill the gap between these two separate entities of the self and nature, landscape was discovered as a compensatory bridge between them, a bridge which, though confined to the pure realm of the aesthetic, promised a harmonious unity of man and nature. Whether this story is true or not 3, what should be noted is that it is often used as an explanatory principle in the context of Japanese modernisation. For instance an influential literary critic, Kojin Karatani asserts: All the translations from Japanese in this paper are the author's. For one of the earliest examples, see: Jacob Bruckhardt, Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien (1860), IV, iii. Bruckhardt cites Alexander von Humbort's Kosmos (1845) as his precursor, but this type of assertion can be detected already in the aesthetics of the Picturesque of late-eighteenth-century England.
    [Show full text]
  • Oda Nobunaga in Japanese Videogames the Case of Nobunaga’S Ambition: Sphere of Influence (Koei, 2013)
    Trabajo Fin de Máster Oda Nobunaga en los videojuegos japoneses El caso de Nobunaga’s Ambition: Sphere of Influence (Koei, 2013) Oda Nobunaga in Japanese videogames The case of Nobunaga’s Ambition: Sphere of Influence (Koei, 2013) Autora Claudia Bonillo Fernández Directoras Elena Barlés Báguena Amparo Martínez Herranz Facultad de Filosofía y Letras/ Departamento de Historia del Arte Curso 2017-2018 2 ÍNDICE I. PRESENTACIÓN DEL TRABAJO .......................................................................................................................... 3 1. Delimitación del tema y causas de su elección ..................................................................................................... 3 2. Estado de la cuestión ............................................................................................................................................. 5 3. Objetivos del trabajo ............................................................................................................................................. 9 4. Metodología .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1. Búsqueda, recopilación, lectura y análisis de material bibliográfico ........................................................... 10 4.2. Búsqueda, recopilación, lectura y análisis de material documental ............................................................. 11 4.3. Trabajo de campo ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Conversations on Japan and England
    CONVERSATIONS ON JAPAN AND ENGLAND All of these conversations between Kenichi and Toshiko Nakamura and Sarah Harrison and Alan Macfarlane. Others were present at some of the conversations, especially the last set in 2006. 1. Conversations in Sapporo, July 1990 1 2. Conversations in Oxford, 27-28 October 1991 8 3. Conversations in Cambridge, 27-28 June 1992 19 4. Conversations in Oxford, 14-15 September 1992 31 5. Conversations in Cambridge, 27 July 2005 50 6. Conversation in Cambridge, 26th August 2005 54 7. Conversation in Cambridge, 2nd September 2005 55 8. Notes and Conversations in Japan, March-April 2006 61 CONVERSATIONS IN SAPPORO, JULY 1990 Double standards and the two meanings of truth. Toshiko said that Japan was noted for its 'double standards', for instance in relation to war (where the constitution said one thing, de jure, and the de facto situation was very different). There is an 'inside' and an 'outside' truth, what one might call a 'surface' and 'deep' truth. This she also expressed as a clash between true desire (honne) and principle (hatemai). An example of this would be as follows. Businessmen only deal in the principles of the matter when talking to the head of a company during the day. But in the evening in the bar they will tell him their real desire, what is in their heart, their feelings. This may be entirely different. Ritual, ethics, etiquette, ceremonial and icons The progress towards 'modernization', to extend Jesse L. Weston's famous title, but be described as 'From ritual to romance to etiquette'.
    [Show full text]