UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN CARRERA DE LINGÜÍSTICA E IDIOMAS INFORME DE TRABAJO DIRIGIDO “TOURIST INVENTORY CARDS TRANSLATION OF LA PAZ - BOLIVIA” “TRABAJO DIRIGIDO PRESENTADO PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO ACADÉMICO DE LICENCIATURA EN LINGÜÍSTICA E IDIOMAS” Postulante: Fanny Lourdes Mamani Poma Tutor: Lic. Wilma Flores Cuentas Institución: Consultora FactumX S.R.L. La Paz – Bolivia 2010 ABSTRACT The following report is about the process of the Guided Work and the results found at the FactumX S.R.L. Company. This work aimed to help FactumX S.R.L. Company in the translation of tourist information of La Paz Department at the company since the problem found at the company was the lack of tourist attractions information of La Paz Department in English. In that sense, the main objective of our Guided Work was to translate tourist inventory cards of La Paz Department from Spanish into English at the company, applying different translation techniques. The work at the company lasted around six months; it started on September 5th, 2008, and finished on June 27th, 2009, as it was established in the agreement signed between the FactumX S.R.L. Company and the Mayor de San Andrés University. Throughout the translation work of tourist information of La Paz Department, we identified terminology concerning tourism field and we elaborated a glossary with technical terminology related to this area. In addition, we identified Aymara language terminology and it is also part of a glossary made. Therefore, in order to explain the process of the Guided Work and the results, we divided our report in five chapters. The first chapter aims to describe the background and the needs of the institution. The second chapter attempts to give in an overview the work proposal (theoretical foundation) concerning translation and tourism issues, then in the same chapter, the justification, objectives, delimitation, achievement indicators, action plan and work plan of the Guided Work are also given. The third chapter basically focuses on the description of the proposal development (methodology) of the work; it is here where we will describe the procedures followed during the process of work. Then, the fourth chapter aims to give in a brief the results of our work at the company. Finally, the fifth chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations achieved throughout this work. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I want to express my deepest gratitude to my Tutor Lic. Wilma Flores Cuentas for her valuable collaboration, constant support and patience in the development of this work, thank you so much! I am very grateful to the company, FactumX S.R.L., for accepting us to carry out this work where we learnt and experienced a lot of things. I also want to express my deep appreciation to Lic. Jackeline Sánchez, Lic. Patricia Guzman and Lic. Virginia Coronado for sharing their knowledge and suggestions in this work. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their moral support, encouragement, confidence and love; specially my father who always trusted on me. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ACNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE INSTITUTION IDENTITY AND ORGANIZATION I. Background 3 II. Institution Needs 10 CHAPTER TWO WORK PROPOSAL I. Theoretical foundation 1.1 Definition of translation 11 1.2 Translating procedures 12 1.3 Translation Techniques 13 1.3.1 Literal translation 14 1.3.2 Modified literal translation .14 1.3.3 Transposition 15 1.3.4 Modulation 15 1.4 Translation and tourist language 16 1.5 Translation and Culture 17 1.6 Tourism issues 18 1.7 Tourist Inventory 21 1.8 Tourist Inventory Card 21 1.9 Definition of a tourist attraction 21 1.10 Tourism activity in Bolivia and in La Paz 23 II. Justification 25 III. Objectives 26 3.1 General Objective 26 3.2 Specific Objectives 26 IV. Delimitation 27 V. Achievement indicators 27 VI. Action Plan 27 VII. Work Plan 32 CHAPTER THREE PROPOSAL DEVELOPMENT (Methodology) I. Sequence of activities and achievements 33 1.1 Method 33 1.2 Stages of the Guided Work 34 1.2.1 First Stage 35 1.2.2 Second Stage 39 1.2.3 Third Stage 43 1.3 Materials and resources 46 1.4 Equipment 48 1.5 Timing 48 1.6 Evaluation 48 1.7 Participants 49 II. Initial achievements 49 III. Experiences 49 3.1Translation techniques 50 3.1.1 Literal translation 50 3.1.2 Modified literal translation 51 3.1.3 Transposition 52 3.1.4 Modulation 53 3.2 Other translation procedures 53 3.2.1 Transference 53 3.2.2 Equivalence and non equivalent words 54 3.2.3 Borrowing 57 3.3 Difficulties and cultural aspects 58 3.3.1 False cognates 58 3.3.2 Acronyms 58 3.3.3 Tourist Attractions Names 59 3.3.4 Aymara language terminology 61 3.3.5 Ambiguity of Aymara language words 62 3.3.6 Quechua language words 63 3.4 Mistakes/ errors in the source text 63 3.4.1 Plural concordance 63 3.4.2 Punctuation 64 3.4.3 Spelling 65 3.4.4 Capital letters 66 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS Results 67 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS I. Conclusions 69 II. Recommendations 70 GLOSSARY BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIXES Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G "TOURIST INVENTORY CARDS TRANSLATION OF LA PAZ - BOLIVIA¨ AT FACTUMX S.R.L. COMPANY INTRODUCTION “To know another´s language and not his culture is a very good way to make a fluent fool of yourself.” (Winston Brembeck, 1912) Bolivia is a land of great fascination to the entire developed and developing countries of the world. Covering an area of more than 9.000.000 inhabitants, Bolivia is endowed with a variety of tourist resources, which provide an advantage to develop tourism. Since hundred of years, the landscape and the diverse spectacles cast a mouth-watering charm on the people of the world and attract numerous western travelers to visit all Bolivia, primarily La Paz Department due to its historical and cultural features. In Bolivia, tourism is an activity that provides the most important profits for the countries and helps in the development and the maintenance of natural and cultural resources such as tourist attractions. In the first period of 2009, receptive tourism has increased in 11.88 percent and emissive tourism has increased in 12.47 percent comparing with the first period of 20081. That means that tourism industry has increased in the last two years. In that way, one of the objectives of the FactumX S.R.L. Company was to carry out the project “Multimedia System and Tourist Diffusion of Tourist Inventory Cards of La Paz Department” in Spanish and in English. This project had the objective to design a multimedia system that could provide and promote information about tourist attractions of La Paz Department. However, one problem identified at the company was the lack of tourist attractions information of the 20 Provinces of La Paz Department in English; so, the company (through the agreement) requested the Mayor de San Andrés University and university students to do the translation work. Therefore, the main objective of our Guided Work was to contribute with the translation of tourist information of La Paz Department from Spanish into English at the FactumX S.R.L. Company. The translation work of tourist information of La Paz Department was carried out at the FactumX S.R.L Company´s offices and lasted around six months. We translated the documents with tourist attractions information of La Paz Department using different translation techniques and procedures that will be explained in chapter four. 1 Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2009. Extracted from lapatriaenlinea.com/?nota=2255, posted on September 21st, 2009, Bolivia – L a Paz, (ANF) 1 Once we finished the work at the company, we achieved different results. We fulfilled the established work plan at the company in six months. We translated 190 tourist attractions information cards of La Paz Department into English in this six-month work. In addition, the company got the tourist attractions information in Spanish and in English so that they could store it in the data base and then develop the multimedia system. Furthermore, through this process of work, we elaborated a glossary with technical terminology of tourism field and other glossary with Aymara language terminology found in the texts. The current report is divided in five chapters. The first chapter describes the background and the needs of the institution. The second chapter presents the work proposal by means the approaches of translation and tourism issues; this chapter also states the justification, the objectives, the delimitation, the achievement indicators, the action plan and the work plan of the Guided Work. The third chapter explains the proposal development: method, stages of the work, materials and resources, timing, evaluation and participants that were part of this work; at the same time, we will describe the initial achievements and the experiences (translation techniques, procedures and difficulties) come across throughout the development of this Guided Work. The fourth chapter is devoted to the results found in the process of this work. Finally, the fifth chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations that were achieved throughout this work. After this chapter, the glossary, the bibliography and the appendixes are also presented. 2 CHAPTER ONE INSTITUTION IDENTITY AND ORGANIZATION “It´s not necessarily the amount of time you spend at practice that counts, it´s what you put into the practice.” (Eric Lindros, 1973) I. Background The Mayor de San Andres University (UMSA) was founded in 1830, as an Autonomous and Academic Institution. Since that time, the university has not only the objective of training professionals in all the areas of human knowledge, but also of helping, contributing and working together with the society throughout social interaction projects by applying all what is being learnt at the university.