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Responsibility to Protect Conference Report

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Responsibility to Protect Conference Report Responsibility to Protect Conference Report Table of Contents General Overview and Participation ......................................................... 3 First Panel: R2P as a Concept ...................................................................... 5 Excerpts from the debate ............................................................................ 6 Second Panel: R2P in Action- Seen From Different Perspectives ............ 8 Excerpts from the debate .......................................................................... 10 Third Panel: Challenges of Implementing R2P: Who is to Authorise and Whose is the Action? ................................................................................... 11 Excerpts from the debate .......................................................................... 12 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 13 2 Responsibility to Protect Conference 15 October 2011 General Overview and Participation: The Conference on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) hosted by Liberal International was co- organised by the Liberal Democrats Party (LibDems) and the Liberal International British Group (LIBG) and supported by ELDR and ALDE. The Conference was held on 15th of October in Central London and it was opened both to LI members and the wider public. The total number of attendees reached about 80 delegates from LI member parties such as Liberal Partry of Andorra (AD), Liberal Party of Canada (CA), Rassemblement des Républicains (CI), Union Liberal Cubana (CU), Sam Rainsy Party (KH), Radikale Venstre (DK), Swedish People’s Party (FI), Free Democratic Party (DE), Liberal Party of Gibraltar (GI), Union des Forces Républicaines (GN), Israeli Group of LI (IL), Italian Radicals (IT), Centre Party (SE), Liberal Party of Sri Lanka (LK), Dutch Liberal Party VVD (NL), D66 (NL), Union Constitutionelle (MA), Liberal Democratic Party (MK), Civil Will Party of Mongolia (MN), Folkpartiet (SE), Democratic Alliance (SA), Parti Démocrate Sénégalaise (SN), Democratic Progressive Party (TW), Democrat Party (TH), Catalan Group of LI (CAT), National Democratic Institute (US), IFLRY, INLW and the hosting Liberal Democrats Party (UK). Attendees from outside of the LI membership included representatives from the Free Egyptian Party (EG), Democratic Alliance (GR), Union pour la Majorité Républicaine (CD), National Islamic Society (BH). The Conference was organised in the context of the recent developments in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the liberal dimension of the Arab spring. Its objective was to discuss the concept as a liberal approach and to bring attention to several R2P issues which have arisen as a result of the UN-backed NATO mission in Libya. Jonathan Fryer, a member of the LibDems party and ELDR Council Member, who lectures at SOAS, presented a special report on R2P. In it, he discussed at length concepts such as liberal interventionism and precautionary intervention1. There were 3 discussion panels each focusing on the different aspects of R2P. The first one addressed R2P broadly as a concept. The second one went from a theoretical to a practical review of the concept. The last one focused on the future and the challenges that come with implementing R2P. A few of the prominent speakers included LibDems Convenor in the House of Lords and immediate past LI President Lord Alderdice, Former Minister of EU and 1 The complete report is enclosed in the Annex at the end of this document 3 Integration Astrid Thors MP, the foreign affairs spokesperson of the governing Dutch Liberal Party Han Ten Broeke MP, Former Minister of Defence of Canada and LI Treasurer Art Eggleton, the Minister of Regional Integration of Zimbabwe Priscilla Mushonga as well as former D66 leader Lousewies van der Laan. The President of Liberal International, Hans Van Baalen, welcomed the participants of the Conference and spoke at length about what R2P means to liberals around the world. He stressed that the concept “must also incorporate the concepts of the responsibility to intervene and rebuild since these are essential for the successful resolution of any humanitarian crisis.” Thus, he noted that there are really three pillars of the R2P concept: responsibility to protect, intervene and rebuild and therefore one cannot really be implemented without the other. Richard Moore, a Patron of LI, gave the introductory remarks to the Conference by giving examples of several atrocities that have occurred and continue to occur around the world as a result of the autocratic regimes in countries such as Belarus, Bahrain, Chechnya, Darfur, Syria, Yemen and Zimbabwe. As Moore underlined in “such places mass murder is a constant threat.” He pointed out to one of the speakers, Sam Rainsy, who has to live in exile because the government in Cambodia has been trying to silence him for years being the leader of the main opposition party in the country. As reminiscence to past atrocities, Moore brought up the Holocaust in which around 12 million Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally handicapped and religious and political dissenters from Nazism were killed in an extremely cruel way. He praised the Bulgarian people for prevailing above the Nazi policies of genocide and opposing the deportation of around 48,000 Bulgarian Jews. “This is the most remarkable example of a mass recognition of the Responsibility to Protect (although it was not so called at the time) in the 20th century and possibly the whole history.” At the same time Moore reminded the participants that there is still widespread anti-Semitism in Europe, especially against the gypsy Roma and Sinti population in the South-East part of the continent. Thus much remains to be done to remove such instances of discrimination. This is not to say that progress is not possible. As an example, Moore referred to the recent progress shown by Burma as a result of the great leadership of democracy fighter Aung San Suu Kyi and her resistance to the tyrannical Burmese regime. Moore concluded stating that “it is the duty of Liberal International and its member parties to remind people, all over the world, of their Responsibility to Protect, and that is the priority of the new LI Human Rights Committee.” 4 PANEL ONE: R2P AS A CONCEPT The panel was chaired by Professor Ingemund Hagg, a Patron of LI, and featured the following speakers: Dr. Meierhenrich from the London School of Economics, Medard Mulangala MP and Leader of the Union for a Republican Majority (CD), Senator Art Eggleton from the Liberal Party of Canada (CA) and Lord Alderdice, Convenor of the Liberal Democrats Party (UK) in the House of Lords. Dr. Meierhenrich gave an academic overview of the R2P concept stressing that R2P is just a language and it is not a norm or a legal concept as it does not impose obligations. He explained that part of the reason for this is that the original language of R2P which was introduced by the Canadian International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) was significantly watered down when the concept was adopted by the UN at the World Summit in 2005. Thus, R2P remains as an underdeveloped norm which is no more than rhetoric. He cautioned the participants Dr. Meierhenrich: about jumping to conclusions that the international intervention in “society’s understanding of Libya was a case of successful R2P implementation as there is no sovereignty has improved quite a lot but there is still proof that the language of R2P was actually the reason behind much resistance to be such an action (as he put it “correlation does not mean causation”). expected on evoking R2P in It was only after the Second World War that sovereignty as a the future” “juridical statehood based on recognition” really took off. Prior to that the empirical statehood mattered more (or the de facto control over a territory). Thus, society’s understanding of sovereignty has improved quite a lot but there is still much resistance to be expected on evoking R2P in the future. The main questions raised were whether the language of R2P has influenced the behaviour of states and has managed to instil new values into the international community. Bridging the gap between scholarship and practice was also mentioned as an issue that needs to be addressed. Dr. Meierhenrich concluded by indicating two main problems that still remain as a major obstacle to the advancement and development of the R2P theory: states convey their own national interest in interpreting the R2P language and they also use it in contexts which are not in line with the traditional meaning of the concept. 5 Medard Mulangala spoke of the importance of having an UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in order to secure the safety of the civilian population and to also ensure that the upcoming elections are conducted according to all of the legal procedures in the country. He reminded the audience that more than 6 million people had been killed in the DRC during the conflict. Thus it is important for the UN mission to stay in the country in order to provide support and sustain the peace and order that has been re- Mulangala: established. Mulangala expressed a concern that in the past “The UK is one of the elections had been manipulated and there had also been logistical largest donors of the DRC issues. Therefore the support of the international community during and thus the UK the upcoming elections in the DRC is crucial. The UK is one of the government must exercise scrutiny in
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