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Wedron and Mason Groups : Lithostratigraphic Reclassification Of WEDRON AND MASON GROUPS: Lithostratigraphic Reclassification of Deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan Lobe Area Ardith K. Hansel W. Hilton Johnson Department of Natural Resources ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Bulletin 104 1996 Wedron Group Kewaunee Fm Mason Group Two Rivers M Equality Fm (EF) Manitowoc M Lake Michigan M Shorewood M Peddicord T Wads worth Fm Henry Fm (HF) Lemont Fm Beverly T Haeger M Ashmore T Yorkville M Peoria Silt (PS) Batestown M Morton T Tiskilwa Fm Roxana Silt Piatt M Robein M Delavan M diamicton sediment sorted by wind and water T~ Farmdale Geosol Stratigraphic relationships of the Mason and Wedron Group units 3>. A/e(sm WEDRON AND MASON GROUPS: Lithostratigraphic Reclassification of Deposits of the Wisconsin Episode, Lake Michigan Lobe Area Ardith K. Hansel Illinois State Geological Survey W. Hilton Johnson Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Bulletin 104 1996 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William W. Shilts, Chief 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820-6964 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many of our colleagues had a role in developing the classifications presented in this report, an effort that began more than a decade ago with plans to raise the rank of the Wedron Formation to a group and define the formations and members within it. We thank all those who through the years participated in discussions on reclassification of the late Quaternary deposits of Illinois. We particularly acknowledge Dick Berg, Lee Clayton, Steve Colman, Leon Follmer, John Kempton, Don McKay, and Dave Mickelson for their reviews of the manuscript. They along with Art Bettis, Brandon Curry, Paul Karrow, Myrna Killey, Grahame Larson, Tom Lowell, Jack Masters, and Al Schneider also contributed to discussions on temporal and lithostratigraphic classification. We appreciate the thoughtful comments offered by our colleagues. Many of their suggestions were incorporated into the manuscript. To the extent possible, we tried to reach agreement with our colleagues on the principles and nomencla- ture used; however, the reclassification presented here is our own, and we take responsibility for it and any errors that remain in the manuscript. We also thank Chao-Li Qack) Liu and staff of the ISGS Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, who through the years have supported Quaternary studies by providing radiocarbon ages and analyses for Quaternary samples. We appreci- ate their interest in helping us understand the Quaternary record, as well as their prompt service and willingness to make available unpublished data. Cover photo Intertongued Wedron and Mason Group deposits at Wedron Quarry, pit 6. Graphic Artist-P. Carrillo Graphic Artist-V. Reinhart Editor-E. Latimer RESOURCES Printed by authority of the State of Illinois/1996/1700 {^^ printed using soybean ink on recycled paper CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 3 Background 3 Terminology 5 EVOLUTION OF PRINCIPLES OF LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION IN ILLINOIS 8 Willman and Frye's Classification 8 Influence of Detailed Studies and Use of Analytical Data 8 Objectives and Principles Used in Reclassification 9 LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK 14 Wedron Group 14 Mason Group 14 Summary of Revisions 18 TEMPORAL CLASSIFICATION 19 Background 19 Time-Stratigraphic Classification of Willman and Frye 19 Shortcomings of Time-Stratigraphic Classification 21 Event and Diachronic Classifications 21 Diachronic Classification 22 Illinois and Sangamon Episodes 22 Wisconsin Episode 22 Hudson Episode 23 DEFINITION OF LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS 25 Wedron Group 25 Tiskilwa Formation 29 Delavan Member 31 Piatt Member 34 Lemont Formation 35 Batestown Member 38 Yorkville Member 40 Haeger Member 42 Wadsworth Formation 44 Kewaunee Formation 45 Shorewood Member 47 Manitowoc Member 48 Two Rivers Member 49 Mason Group 50 Roxana Silt 52 Robein Member 53 Peoria Silt 54 Morton Tongue 55 Henry Formation 56 Ashmore Tongue 58 Beverly Tongue 59 Equality Formation 60 Peddicord Tongue 61 Lake Michigan Member 63 REFERENCES 65 APPENDIXES 73 A Sources and Types of Analytical Data for Lithostratigraphic Units of the Wedron and Mason Groups 74 Bl Location of Stratigraphically Significant Radiocarbon Ages in Illinois and Lake Michigan 81 B2 Radiocarbon Ages for the Mason and Wedron Group Units 92 C Reference Sections for the Mason and Wedron Group Units 102 INDEX 113 FIGURES 1 Stratigraphic classification of Pleistocene deposits in Illinois 4 2 Diagram shows the intertonguing relationships among the Mason Group sorted-sediment units and between the Mason Group sorted-sediment units and the Wedron Group diamicton units 6 3 Diagram shows Willman and Frye's use of arbitrary vertical boundaries to avoid intertonguing of till members with sorted- sediment units in classification of the deposits of the Wisconsinan Stage 9 4a Lobe and sublobe boundaries in Illinois during the last glaciation 10 4b Areal distribution of predominant Quaternary formations and members in Illinois 10 5 Areal distribution of the Wedron Formation till members and the Trafalgar Formation 11 6 Diagram shows boundaries and classification of formal units and tongues and informal facies within two intertonguing groups consisting predominantly of diamicton and sorted sediment 12 7 History of lithostratigraphic classification of the Wedron Group deposits 15 8 Surface distribution of the Tiskilwa, Lemont, Wadsworth, and Kewaunee Formations (and equivalent units) of the Wedron Group 16 9 History of the lithostratigraphic classification of the Mason Group deposits with respect to the Wedron Group deposits 17 10 Comparison of geochronologic, chronostratigraphic, and dia- chronic units of the Lake Michigan Lobe 20 11 Correlation of the Wedron Group formations and members in the Lake Michigan Lobe area 26 12 Intertongued sorted-sediment units (Mason Group) and diamicton units (Wedron Group) at Wedron Quarry pit 1 26 13a Areal distribution of moraines, formations, and predominant members of the Wedron Group and the Trafalgar Formation in Illinois 28 13b Names of the Wedron Group formations and members in Illinois 29 14 The Yorkville and Batestown Members (Lemont Formation), Delavan Member (Tiskilwa Formation), Robein Member (Roxana Silt), and Glasford Formation at the Higginsville Section 30 15 Lower tongues of the Mason Group Henry and Equality Formations (Ashmore and Peddicord, respectively) beneath the Wedron Group Tiskilwa Formation at Charleston Quarry 32 16 The Morton Tongue (Peoria Silt) beneath the Delavan Member (Tiskilwa Formation) at the Gardena Section 32 17 The Ashmore Tongue (Henry Formation) beneath diamictons of the Delavan Member and undivided Tiskilwa Formation at Wedron Quarry pit 6 32 18 Clayey diamicton (Wadsworth Formation) above oxidized, silty, dolomitic diamicton (undivided Lemont Formation) at the Lemont Section 35 19 Diamicton of the Haeger Member (Lemont Formation) overlies the proglacial sand and gravel of the Beverly Tongue (Henry Formation) at the Beverly Sand and Gravel Pit Section 35 20 Unoxidized, silty dolomitic diamicton of the undivided Lemont Formation exposed in O'Hare reservoir excavation 36 21 A gamma B horizon developed in the upper part of a tongue of the Henry Formation 36 22 Sediment-flow diamicton (undivided Lemont Formation) above a sand and gravel tongue (Henry Formation) 37 23 Silt loam diamicton of the Batestown Member (Lemont Formation) 39 24 Silty clay diamicton of the Yorkville Member and silt loam diamicton of the Batestown member (Lemont Formation) overlie clay loam diamicton (undivided Tiskilwa Formation) at Fox River Stone Quarry 40 25 Sorted-sediment tongue of the Equality Formation between dia- mictons of the Batestown and Piatt Members at Wedron Quarry pit 6 40 26 Modern soil developed in diamicton of the Yorkville Member (Lemont Formation) above a sand and gravel tongue (Henry Formation) at Wedron Quarry pit 1 41 27 Upper tongues of the Peoria Silt and Henry Formation above diamictons of the Yorkville and Batestown Members (Lemont Formation and undivided Tiskilwa Formation) at the Fox River Stone Company Quarry 42 28 Silty clay diamicton of the Wadsworth Formation exposed in the Lake Michigan Bluffs in Illinois 45 29 Loess of the Peoria and Roxana Silts above the Sangamon Geosol at the Pleasant Grove School Section 51 30 Stratified and crossbedded proglacial sand and gravel of the Henry Formation 51 31 Ripple and planar bedded silt, clay and fine sand of the Equality Formation 51 32 Lacustrine silt of the Peddicord Tongue (Equality Formation) above forest litter (including spruce stumps) of the Farmdale Geosol at Charleston Quarry 53 33 Distribution of sites with radiocarbon ages in Illinois 80 PLATE 1 Areal distribution of the Wedron and Mason Groups (Wisconsin and Hudson Episodes) and deposits of the Illinois and pre-Illinois episodes in Illinois Plate 1 Areal distribution of the Wedron and Mason Groups (Wisconsin and Hudson Episodes) and deposits of the Illinois and pre-Illinois episodes in Illinois. Episodes are diachronic temporal units. Quaternary Deposits of Illinois revised by Ardith K. Hansel and W. Hilton Johnson 1996 Hudson and Wisconsin Episodes Mason Group and Cahokia Fm | Cahokia and Henry Fms; sorted sediment including waterlain river sediment and windblown and beach sand ] Equality Fm; fine grained sediment deposited in lakes Thickness of Peoria and Roxana _ __ 5 Silts; silt deposited as loess (5-foot contour interval) Wedron Group (Tiskilwa, Lemont, and Wadsworth Fms) and Trafalgar Fm; diamicton deposited as till and ice-marginal sediment | End moraine ~]
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