An Annotated List of Chinese-Malay Publications Compiled by Tom

THE “KWEE COLLECTION” AT THE FISHER LIBRARY (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY) An annotated list of Chinese-Malay publications

Compiled by Tom Hoogervorst on the basis of library research carried out in October 2019, with financial support from a Sydney Southeast Asia Centre mobility grant

CONTENTS Introduction ...... 3 Abbreviations ...... 6 1. Poetry ...... 7 1.1. Han Bing Hwie ...... 7 1.2. “J.S.H.” ...... 7 1.3. Jap King Hong ...... 7 1.4. Kwee Tek Hoay ...... 8 1.5. “Merk Tek Liong & Co” ...... 8 2. Original Fiction ...... 9 2.1. Kwee Seng Tjoan ...... 9 2.2. Kwee Tek Hoay ...... 9 2.3. Lie Tjoei Khia ...... 10 2.4. Lim Khoen Giok ...... 10 2.5. Njoo Cheong Seng ...... 10 2.6. Tan Boen Kim ...... 10 2.7. Thio Sing Liong ...... 11 3. Translated Chinese fiction ...... 12 3.1. (Anon.) ...... 12 3.2. “C.” ...... 17 3.3 Goan Bie Hoo ...... 17 3.3. “Goei P.H.” ...... 18 3.4. Kho Soen Keng ...... 18 3.5. Lie In Eng ...... 18 3.6. Lim Ho Hin ...... 18 3.7. Ong Ham Tjioe & Yo Pek Soen ...... 19 3.8. Sioe Djip Ong & Sioe Pek Soey ...... 21 3.9. Tan Kian Hok ...... 23 3.10. Tan Tjhan Hie ...... 23 3.11. “Thong T. Fuctriorider” ...... 23 3.12. Tjan Hoat Kie ...... 23 3.13. Tjie Tjin Koey ...... 24 3.14. Tjiong Hok Long ...... 25 3.15. “Young Chinaman” ...... 25 4. Translated European fiction ...... 27 4.1. (Anon.) ...... 27 4.2. Go Swie Tjhiang ...... 27 4.3. Lie Kim Hok ...... 28 5. Religion and morality ...... 29 5.1. Liem Tji Khay ...... 29 5.2. Kwee Tek Hoay ...... 29

5.3. Kwee Yat Nio ...... 34 5.4. Ven. Bhikku Narada Mahathera ...... 34 6. Chinese-Malay miscellanea ...... 36 6.1. (Anon.) ...... 36 6.2. Auw Ing Kiong ...... 38 6.3. Chun Foo Chun ...... 38 6.4. “Kamadjoean” ...... 39 6.5. Kwee Khay Khee ...... 40 6.6. Kwee Kheng Liong ...... 41 6.7. Njoo Joe Tik ...... 43 6.8. “Penghidoepan” ...... 45 6.9. Phoa Kok Tjoe & Bie Djin Kee ...... 45 7. Other miscellanea ...... 46 7.1. Anna Sjarief ...... 46 7.2. Gerard Peel ...... 46 7.3. Ernst Frederik Wiggers ...... 46 7.4. Ferdinand Wiggers ...... 46 7.5. Marah Rusli bin Abu Bakar ...... 47 7.6. Muriel Stuart Walker ...... 47 7.7. Soetan Kabidoen & Said ...... 47 7.8. Walter Raleigh ...... 47 Appendix 1: Authors ...... 48 Appendix 2: Publishers ...... 49 Appendix 3: List of unique materials ...... 50 References ...... 51

INTRODUCTION The “Kwee boxes” are kept at the Fisher Library (University of Sydney). Part of their contents can be traced back to the prolific author Kwee Tek Hoay (1886-1951), who wrote numerous novels, poems, theatre plays, articles, and religious studies in the Malay language (Kwee 1977; Salmon 1981; Sidharta 1989). His library was dispersed upon his passing, after which several books were taken over by John B. Kwee. The latter taught Indonesian at the University of Auckland from 1968 and wrote a dissertation about Chinese-Malay literature (Kwee 1977). Over the years, he built up a famous collection of rare Malay publications by Chinese authors, the majority of which is now kept at the University of Auckland. His uncatalogued and archival materials, however, travelled with him to Australia, where he retired in 1993. The material eventually found its way into the Fisher Library Rare Books & Special Collections. It consists of several unique Chinese-Malay texts and an even greater number of publications of which only a few copies exist worldwide. These primary sources offer first-hand insights into Indonesia’s cultural productions during late-colonial and early-independence times. As such, they are important for students and scholars of Indonesia and of overseas Chinese history. The contents of the Kwee boxes are diverse and reflect the broad interests of Chinese- Indonesian writers and collectors. They consist of 85 envelopes labelled “Indonesian + no. ##” Much material is of religious nature, predominantly dealing with the Sam Kauw (三教) ‘Three Religions’ that Kwee Tek Hoay was particularly interested in: Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. Another important segment consists of fiction. The collection includes original works set in the Indies, which typically contain the phrase “a story that really happened” in their subtitle. Other books are translations of European and especially Chinese fiction. In the latter category, we can distinguish books based on China’s ancient tales (tjerita dahoeloe kala), which often mention the merk or tiauw (朝) ‘dynasty’ and hongtee (皇帝) or koen (君) ‘emperor’ under whom they took place. Another category consists of translations of early twentieth- century “modern” Chinese fiction. Two landmark publications by Claudine Salmon (1981, 1987) have been invaluable to identify the source texts on which the Malay translations are based and find biographical information on their authors or translators. In a small number of cases, the originals could not be traced. The translators often took the liberty to add popular Malay quatrains (pantoen) not attested in the originals, or omit passages they deemed uninteresting. A relatively small part of the Kwee Collection consists of poems (sair), some of which based on stories (sair tjerita). Most publications are written in Malay, in diverse spellings depending on the time and authorial preferences. The Malay of Chinese authors contains numerous loanwords from the Zhangzhou dialect of Hokkien, which are spelled in an Indies-style romanization based on the Dutch orthography. The final pages of the publications are often filled with advertisements. Most novels were serialized, consisting of around 80 pages per volume. Of many books in the collection, the first and last pages and especially the bookbinding glue have been eaten by insects. In almost all cases, the paper is fragile. Some books contain written comments by previous readers in pen or pencil. Several contain the stamp of “Liem Poo Chong”, indicating that they may have originated from more than one private collection.

In the following inventory, I have added between square brackets ([…]) relevant data not found in the original publications. This includes the English translations of titles and selected passages, and the (approximate) year of publication, which is often absent but can be deduced from the orthography. Furthermore, 1960s publications can often be recognized as such by their temporary permits, which were issued by the Regional War Authority and Authority of the Regional Military Emergency (Idzin Sementara Peperda Pedarmilda). I have also added the Chinese characters of romanized Zhangzhou Hokkien words, none of which are given in the original texts, to make them recognizable for speakers of other Chinese varieties. The characters

3 for the names of authors and publishers, in as far as these could be identified, are given in appendices 1 and 2. Where possible, I have indicated the availability of the Chinese-Malay publications in other public libraries around the world. Much material is also available at the Leiden University Library in the Netherlands, which houses a large collection of digitalized material belonging to the KITLV and currently stored at the digital Asian Library (indicated as “LAL”). Other Chinese-Malay publications are available in the National Library of Indonesia, the Pusat Dokumentasi Sastra H.B Jassin, the National University of Malaysia, and the Universiti Sains Malaysia. The Cornell University Library, the “Colloquial Malay Collection” at Madison Wisconsin, and the “Sidharta collection of Indonesian Chinese (Peranakan) literature” at Ohio University are the richest resources for Chinese-Malay publications in the US. In addition, the Chinese-Indonesian Community documents collection from Java (University of Washington; https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/21474) houses several publicly accessible scanned documents. The University of Auckland Library and the Monash Library, too, contain several Chinese Malay sources. In the latter case, they are kept in boxes donated from the private collection of Charles Coppel (indicated as “CC”). It should be added, however, that availability does not necessarily mean accessibility. This type of rare material is frequently stored off-site, temporarily relocated, taken out for digitalization, and occasionally even lost. There may also be issues of restricted access, especially with on-demand collections and digital databases. It should furthermore be stressed that much Chinese-Malay material is kept in private collections and/or libraries without catalogues.

Figure 1: Recurring picture in publications from Kho Tjeng Bie

ABBREVIATIONS AL University of Auckland Library anon. anonymous aval. availability b. born c. circa C Cornell University Library CC Charles Coppel boxes (kept at the Matheson Library, Monash University) CICD Chinese-Indonesian Community documents collection from Java (Washington University) corr. corrected by d. died FL Fisher Library (University of Sydney) HBJ Pusat Dokumentasi Sastra H.B Jassin L Leiden University Library LAL Asian Library (Leiden University Libraries Digital Collections) mf. microformat no. number OH Ohio Library p. page PN Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia (National Library of Indonesia) pp. pages s.l. no place s.n. no title UKM Tun Seri Lanang Library (National University of Malaysia) USM Hamzah Sendut Library (Universiti Sains Malaysia) vol. volume vols. volumes WM UW-Madison Libraries

1. POETRY 1.1. Han Bing Hwie 1924. Sair tjerita penghidoepannja Han Song Kong atawa Tiongkok-Java [‘Poem of the life of Han Song Kong, China to Java’]. Paree: Padang. 32 p. No.: Indonesian 41 Aval.: L(mf), C(mf) A short poem written under the pseudonym H. Brightson-Kediri. It constitutes the final part of the thirteenth series of Tjerita Baroe ‘New Stories’, published in Pare (East Java). This poem tells the story of Han Song Kong, a migrant from Fujian who made a living in Java (Salmon 1981: 457). It contains “much fantasy and chronological errors” according to Claudine Salmon (1991: 81, n. 8). The latter shows that the book’s protagonist can be identified as Han Siong Kong (韓松公; 1673-1743), one of the forefathers of East Java’s Han family. The first two quatrains read as follows: Pertama ditjeritakan adanja, First we illustrate the circumstances, Di provincie Hok-Kian namanja, In a province called Fujian (福建), Tjiang Tjioe Hoe nama residentienja, In a department called Zhangzhoufu (漳州府), Lam Tjhing Kwan nama afdeelingnja In a county called Nanjingxian (南靖縣),

Thian Poo Sia nama kampoengnja itoe, In a village called Tianbaoshe (天寶社), Taon mesehie 1736 itoe waktoe, During the year 1736, Ada idoep saorang toea di kampoeng itoe, An old man lived in that village, Bernama Han Gie Ie – oesia 60-satoe Named Han Gie Ie, aged 61

1.2. “J.S.H.” [191X.] Sair Pemaentoppan [‘Poem on gambling’] (pp. 1-22), Sair Pemoleran [‘Poem on whoring’] (pp. 1-18) No.: Indonesian 70 Aval.: C(mf) First page missing Two moralistic poems with a dash of humour, which caution against human vices. The final page contains an announcement that the next poem will deal with ‘drunkenness’ (Pemabokan). The first poem on gambling has been published in another compilation by the same anonymous author (J.S.H. 1911), which is available at LAL.

1.3. Jap King Hong [19XX.] Sair tjerita Ong Djie Hong: Satoe anak jang kena tersesat tapi bisa bertobat. Swatoe tjerita jang betoel bagoes dan rame; dan berikoet Ajoen Mas Nona. [‘Poem of Ong Djie Hong: A child who lost her way but could repent. A truly beautiful and exciting story, followed by the Golden Yearnings for a Girl’]. Batavia: Lie Tek Long. 64 p. No.: Indonesian 61 Aval.: C A humorous poem set in Batavia’s Hakka milieu about the young rascal Ong Djie Hong, whose immoral activities eventually lead to the death of his mother. It is followed by an unrelated love poem. Contents: pp. 3-56 Sair Tjerita Ong Djie Hong [‘Poem of Ong Djie Hong’] pp. 57-64 Ajoen Mas Nona [‘Golden Yearnings for a Girl’]

1.4. Kwee Tek Hoay [196X.] Buquet Ponoromo (Kumpulan sjair dan pepatah). [‘Panorama bouquet (A collection of poems and sayings)’]. S.l.: s.n. 48 p. No. Indonesian 02 Aval.: L, L[1931], LAL[1931], C[1931], OH(mf) [1931], WM(mf) [1931], AL[1931] An anthology compiled by Kwee Tek Hoay under his initials K.T.H. Many of the book’s thoughts, sayings, and poems are Malay translations of selected works of international writers. Contents: pp. 1 Pikiran [‘Thoughts’] pp. 2-12 Pepatah [‘Sayings’] pp. 13-47 Sjair [‘Poems’]

1.5. “Merk Tek Liong & Co” 1921. Sair opera bangsawan. Semarang – Soerabaja. Sair tjerita jang amat bagoes dan anéh dan betoel soeda kedjadian di Betawi koetika tahon 1905 [‘Poem on Malay theatre. Semarang – Surabaya. A very nice, strange poem that really happened in Batavia in the year 1905’]. Batavia: Kho Tjeng Bie. Second print [1915]. 38 p. No.: Indonesian 29 Aval.: L A poem published under the pseudonym “Merk Tek Liong &Co.” providing a lively picture of the spectacle that was Batavia’s Malay theatre at the turn of the twentieth century. The poem recounts how Lady Teng Poei Nio stole the hearts of many of Batavia’s Chinese women, who were under the impression that the popular actress was a man (Nio 1962: 140).

2. ORIGINAL FICTION 2.1. Kwee Seng Tjoan [1930.] Toedjoeblas kali bertjere; atawa Landru dari Indonesia [‘Seven divorces: The Indonesian Landru’]. S.l. s.n. 132 p. No.: Indonesian 71 Aval.: LAL, C(mf), HBJ A story written by Kwee Seng Tjoan under his pseudonym Juvenile Kuo. It recounts the exploits of “the Indonesian Landru” (Landru dari Indonesia). This Chinese frequenter of disreputable “hotels” spent his days hooking up with women of questionable virtue before he “divorced” them. His latest “wife”, Dji Nio, turned out to be different from the others. The antihero’s name is clearly inspired by the famous French serial killer Henri Désiré Landru (1869-1922).

Figure 2: Cover of Toedjoeblas kali bertjere

2.2. Kwee Tek Hoay [1931.] Drama dari Merapi [‘The drama of Merapi’]. [Batavia:] s.n. 620 p. No.: Indonesian 12 Aval.: LAL, AL(vol. 4), WM, C(mf), Yale, UKM(mf) Front cover damaged A story about the disastrous eruption of the Merapi Volcano in 1930. It appeared earlier in Kwee Tek Hoay’s journal Moestika-Panorama (no. 15-21). The narrative is interwoven with deliberations on reincarnation, which was one of the author’s prominent spiritual interests (see the author’s Reïncarnatie dan karma ‘Reincarnation and karma’ discussed below).

2.3. Lie Tjoei Khia [19XX]. Peroentoengannja satoe prempoean tjantik atawa Lie Taij satoe penoeloeng jang gaga. [‘The fortune of a pretty lady; Lie Taij the fierce helper’]. S.l.: s.n. No.: Indonesian 39 Aval.: L(mf), C(mf), AL The author’s name is not given, but can be identified as Lie Tjoei Khia (1896-1966) writing under his pseudonym “Tjoekat Liang”. The story is set in the Chinese milieu of Java. The first volume is missing. Contents: Vol. 2. (pp. 81-148)

2.4. Lim Khoen Giok 1920. Aannemer Tan Ong Koan atawa Binasa di tangan laen bangsa: Soeatoe tjerita jang telah kedjadian di Djawa Koelon [‘Contractor Tan Ong Koan; Destroyed at the hands of another race: A story that took place in West Java’]. Batavia: Tan Thian Soe. 3 vols. No.: Indonesian 20 Aval.: AL, C(mf), L(mf), HBJ, CC(Box KK2) Third volume of the tragic tale of Tan Ong Koan, a Chinese entrepreneur who falls in love with Amelia, the daughter of a Dutch doctor. A fascinating account of social life in Batavia at the end of the nineteenth-century. For a detailed summary, see Nio (1962: 89-93). Contents: Vol. 3 (pp. 165-213)

2.5. Njoo Cheong Seng 1925. Marguerite de Fantassie [‘Marguerite de Phantasy’]. S.l.: s.n. 50 p. No.: Indonesian 53 Aval.: OH(mf), L(mf) Written by Njoo Cheong Seng (1902-1962) under his pseudonym “Monsiour Amor” and published as the eighth volume of the series Penghidoepan ‘Life’. The story takes place in the Indies and in Europe, featuring characters of Chinese, Western, and Arabic backgrounds. The book contains several obvious references to Marguerite Gautier, a beloved courtesan in the semi-autobiographical French novel La Dame aux Camélias ‘The Lady with the Camellias’ written in 1848 by Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870). The story, however, is original.

2.6. Tan Boen Kim [1915.] Njai Aisah atawa Djadi korban dari rasia: Soeatoe tjerita jang betoel soeda terdjadi di Betawi pada achirnja taon 1914 (Samboengan tjerita Nona Fientje de Feniks) [‘Lady Aisah, The victim of a secret: A story that really happened in Batavia at the end of 1914’]. Batavia: G. Kolff. Second print. 122 p. No.: Indonesian 44 Aval.: unique to FL Cover missing Written anonymously but widely recognized as a work by Tan Boen Kim (1887-1959). This book is a sequel of the author’s Tjerita Nona Fientje de Feniks ‘The Story of Miss Fientje de Feniks’, a sensationalized account on the murder of a Eurasian prostitute (Watson 1974). It is ‘a story that has really happened in Batavia at the end of 1914’ (Soeatoe tjerita jang betoel soeda terdjadi di Betawi pada achirnja taon 1914). The protagonist, Njai Aisah, is a Sumatran concubine romantically involved with different

Dutch soldiers. This femme fatale also took part in criminal activities. For more information, see Hellwig (2012).

2.7. Thio Sing Liong 1924. Tjerita Siek Hiang Nio (Kedjadian antara Semarang, Kedoengdjati Soerabaja) [‘The Story of Siek Hiang Nio (An event between Semarang, Kedungjati, and Surabaya)’]. Surabaya: Pertjoba’an. 48 p. No.: Indonesian 59 Aval.: LAL, C(mf), HBJ A short story about a woman who managed to set straight her family’s financial situation (Salmon 1981: 57). The text on the first page reads: ‘Siek Hiang Nio; Eventually she became happy after all: The story of a woman’ (Siek Hiang Nio atau Achirnja toch beroentoeng: Tjerita sa-orang prempoean).

3. TRANSLATED CHINESE FICTION 3.1. (Anon.) 1894. Boekoe tjerita Siauw Soat: Kim Kouw Ki Koan; Tersalin dari boekoe tjerita-an Tjina ada 12 dongengan jang enak-enak [‘A book of fictional stories: Wonders New and Old: Translated from a Chinese book of stories, consisting of 12 delicious tales’]. Batavia: IJap Goan Ho. Second print. 79 p. No.: Indonesian 68 Aval.: LAL, HBJ A book with twelve Chinese fairy tales. The title reflects the famous Chinese compilation of fairy tales ‘Wonders New and Old’ (今古奇觀) (Salmon 1981: 370), yet the individual stories are not easily identifiable. The story Bok Lian toeloeng Ma’hnja is a translation of the well-known Chinese tale ‘Mulian helps his mother’ (目連救母), inspired by the Buddhist legend of Maudgalyāyana. The other stories also look like translations of Chinese originals. The fox spirit of Chinese mythology, hou litjia (狐狸精), is sometimes creatively translated into Malay as ‘civet spirit’ (siloeman rase). The stories feature numerous specific Chinese concepts and institutions, including the kidjin (舉人) and tjinsoe (進十) imperial exams and the feudal ranks of boenkhoa (文官), hoema (駙馬), and khoahoe (官府). The final page contains an index. Contents: pp. 3-11 Siloeman Rase djadi orang kawin pada Pang Seng [‘A fox spirit turns into a human and marries Pang Seng’] pp. 12-16 Bangke boeroe orang [‘The corpse that hunted people’] pp. 17-23 Hou Lie Tjhia kawin sama Souw Sioetjaij [‘The fox spirit that married the scholar Souw’] pp. 24-27 Saij Kong [‘The Taoist’] pp. 28-29 Dari satoe prampoean dan satoe anaknja [‘About a women and her child’] pp. 30-41 Siloeman oeler [‘The snake spirit’] pp. 42-47 Bok Lian toeloeng Ma’hnja [‘Mulian helps his mother’] pp. 48-60 Setan kawin sama orang [‘A devil marries a human’] pp. 61-66 Orang kawin sama Orang oetan [‘A human marries an ape’] pp. 67-70 Siloeman Koera-koera djadi orang [‘A turtle spirit turns into a human’] pp. 71-74 Khoahoe djadi Babi dan djadi Oeler [‘A feudal official turns into a pig and a snake’] pp. 75-79 Orang mati bisah pelok orang [‘The corpse that could hug people’]

1904. Lima tjerita-tjerita’an tempo doeloe kala di tjerita-in Tan The Tjwan antara Lie Seng Tjo di Kota Khoeij Tang pake merk “Tan Lie Tje” [‘Five stories of ancient times featuring Tan The Tjwan along with Lie Seng Tjo in Guangdong, having the trademark “Tan Lie Tje”’]. Batavia: G. Kolff. Second print. 80 p. No.: Indonesian 43 Aval.: L, PN This short book appears to be based on an unidentified Chinese novel (Salmon 1981: 385). With regard to the person named “Tan Lie Tje”, it is clarified on the first page that ‘this famous name has been passed on to his children and grandchildren, for several centuries until the present day, in which the trademark still exists; other selected tales are also included, to entertain those whose hearts are bothered; this book is useful for male and female readers, and has many benefits’ (…jang termasohor namanja toeroen- menoeroen sampe pada anak tjoetjoenja, soedah bebrapa ratoes tahon sehingga pada masa ini masi terdiri Merknja; dan laen-laen tjerita jang terpili, boewat meliboerken

hati jang djengkel, ini boekoe bergoena pada orang lelaki dan prampoewan jang membatja, serta ada besar goenanja).

1906. Tjerita dahoeloe kalah die Negri Tjina. Tersalin dari boekoe Tjina See IJoe di tjeritaken pada waktoe Tje Thian Tay Seng baroe mendjelma djadi monjet [‘A classical story from China. Translated from the Chinese book Journey to the West, which took place when the Great Sage the Equal of Heaven was reincarnated as a monkey’]. Batavia: Kho Tjeng Bie. 160+ p. No.: Indonesian 15 Aval.: WM, L(vol. 1), LAL(vol. 6), C(vol. 11), AL(vol. 1-6) Damaged, first 4 pages and last pages missing The first volume of a 24-volume Malay translation of ‘The Journey to the West’ (西遊記), possibly by Yap Goan Ho (Salmon 1981: 499). The name Tje Thian Tay Seng (齊天大聖) ‘Great Sage the Equal of Heaven’ is a self-assigned alias of the famous Monkey King, better known in Indies as Soen Gouw Khong (孫悟空).

[1910.] Boekoe tjerita-an dahoeloe kala di negri Tjina; tersalin dari Tjerita Gak Hoeij tempo Hongtee Hwi Tjong merk Taij Song Tiauw [‘Book of ancient stories from China; translated from The story of Yue Fei under Emperor Huizong during the Song Dynasty’]. Batavia: Goan Hong. Second print [1891]. No.: Indonesian 75 Aval.: L[1891], LAL, C, HBJ, PN The third and sixth volume of a translation of ‘The Complete Story of Yue Fei’ (說岳全傳) (Salmon 1981: 494). Contents: Vol. 3 pp. 401-480 Vol. 6 pp. 801-960

[1910.] Boekoe tjerita dari keradja-an merk “Taij Song Tiauw” djeman Keizer Song Tjin Tjong, tersalin dari boekoe tjina beralamat Ban Hoa Lauw oleh Goan Hong &Co. [‘Story book from the imperial Song Dynasty under Emperor Renzong of Song, translated from a Chinese book titled The Pavilion of Ten Thousand Flowers by Goan Hong &Co.’]. Batavia: Oeij Tjaij Hin. 400+ p. No.: Indonesian 50 Aval.: LAL, CC(box Y2) Final pages missing First volume of the 16-volume Malay translation of the ‘Pavilion of Ten Thousand Flowers’ (万花樓) by Yutang Li (李煜堂) (Salmon 1981: 497).

[1912-1914]. Tjerita Sam He Lam Tong koetika hongte Tio Kong In [‘The story of the Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State under Emperor Zhao Kuangyin’]. Batavia: Kho Tjeng Bie. Second print [1894]. No.: Indonesian 17 Aval.: LAL, HBJ A reprint of the 1894 Sam He Lam Tong (三下南唐) ‘The story of the Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State’, which is a Malay translation of the Chinese novel ‘The Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State by the First Emperor of the Song’ (宋太祖三下南唐) (Salmon 1981: 495). The monarch in question is better known as Emperor Taizu of Song (927-976 CE). In the story, ‘it is told how Zhao Kuangyin (趙匡胤) committed the sin of murdering his adopted brother Zheng'en (鄭恩), after which

the Gods got to know and became angry, ordering the pupil Yuhong (余鴻) to come down to earth and wreak havoc; eventually Yuhong perished’ (Ditjeritaken Tio Kong In soeda sala kena boenoe soedara angkatnja jang bernama The In, komedian sekalian Dewa-dewa dapet taoe djadi mara prenta moeridnja jang bernama I Hong toeroen di doenia boeat bikin hoeroe hara, ahirnja I Hong djadi binasa). The series consists of four volumes, of which vol. 4 is erroneously numbered as “VI”. The Sam He Lang Tong ‘The Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State’ discussed below appears to be a later edition of this series. Contents: Vol. 1 pp. 3-160 Vol. 2 pp. 161-320 Vol. 3 pp. 321-480 Vol. 4 pp. 481-538

[1916.] Boekoe tjerita dahoeloe kala di negri China. Tersalin dari pada boekoe tjerita “Tang- IJoe”. Jai-itoe: Tjerita Pat Sian (Delapan Dewa). [‘Book of ancient stories from China. Translated from the story book Voyage to the East; namely: The Story of the Eight Immortals’]. Batavia: Goan Hong. Second print [1916]. 157 p. No.: Indonesian 48 Aval.: LAL Cover and first pages damaged, back cover and last pages damaged A translation of ‘The Eight Immortals or the Voyage to the East’ (八仙出處東遊記) (Salmon 1981: 473), which was known in the Indies as Tang-IJoe (東遊) ‘Voyage to the East’. In the first part (pp. 3-114), the Pat Sian (八仙) ‘Eight Immortals’ of Chinese mythology are introduced one-by-one. They are Lie Tie Kwaij (李鐵拐), Tjiong Lie Koan (鍾離權), Na Tjaij Ho (藍采和), Thio Ko Lo (張果老), Ho Sian Kouw (何仙姑), Lie Tong Pin (呂洞賓), Han Siang Tjoe (韓湘子), and Tjo Kok Kioe (曹國舅). The second part (pp. 115-157) consists of the ‘Story of the Queen Mother of the West and her birthday (生日)’ (Tjerita Dewa Se Ong Seng Bo poenja hari tahon (Sehdjit)). As is explained on the title page, ‘all began when they went to congratulate the Queen Mother of the West (西王聖母) at the Kunlun Mountains (崑崙山). Embellished with 17 pictures: 8 of the Eight Immortals Crossing the Ocean ( 八仙過海), and 9 of miscellaneous supernatural sea creatures testing their forces along with the Dragon King of the Seas (海龍王) in the Eastern Ocean (東海) (Lantarannja pergi slamat hari tahonnja Dewa Se Ong Seng Bo di goenoeng Koen Loen San. Terhias dengan 17 gambar-gambar. 8 Pat Sian Kwe Haij, dengan 9 siloeman katjio adoe kasaktian antara Haij Liong Ong di Laoettan Tang Haij). The pictures are hand-coloured. The illustration on p. 155 reads ‘South Heavenly Gate of the Eastern Ocean’ (東海南天门).

Figure 3: Hand-coloured picture from Tjerita Pat Sian

1925. Soen Soe Nau. No.: Indonesian 69 Incomplete. First pages missing. Full title unknown. A short story on Soen Soe Nau (孫叔敖) ‘Sun Shu'ao’, China’s famous hydraulic engineer who entered a political career during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Presumably based on a Chinese original. The story is bound together with the unrelated Sja’ir Gadis dan Djanda ‘Poem of the Virgin and the Widow’ discussed below.

[192X.] Ong Tjiauw Koen ‘Wang Zhaojun’ No.: Indonesian 52 Aval.: LAL First page(s) missing Presumably a sequel to Boekoe tjerita dahoeloe kalah di negri tjina tempo Ong Tjiauw Koen ‘A story book of ancient times in China at the time of Wang Zhaojun’ discussed below, in which case the book is a part of the 10-volume reprint of 1921 (Salmon 1981: 280). The first page mentions a king of Sian Ie Kok. This is presumably the Country of the Chanyu (單于國), a term used for the rulers belonging to the Xiongnu (匈奴) tribes of the Eurasian Steppe. Contents: pp. 321-594

[19XX.] Sam Po Toa Lang [‘Sir Sanbao’]. No.: Indonesian 42 Aval.: HBJ Three volumes belonging to the 20-volume series Boekoe tjerita Sam Po Toa Lang tempo keradjaan Beng Tiauw keizer Eng Lok Koen, salinan dari boekoe Tjina See Yang Kee ‘Story book of Sir Sanbao (三寶大人) during the Ming Dynasty under the Yongle Emperor (永樂君), translated from the Chinese book Tale of the Western Ocean (西洋記)’. This is a Malay translation of Chinese novel ‘The Voyage of the Eunuch Sanbao to the Western Ocean’ (三寶太監西洋記) (Salmon 1981: 376). The story recounts the early fifteenth-century expeditions of the famous court eneuch and admiral Zheng He (鄭和), who was better known in the Indies under the name Sam Po Toa Lang or Sam Poo Thaij Djin (三寶大人) ‘Sir Sanbao’. Contents: Vol. 5/6 pp. 321-480 Vol. 15/16 pp. 1121-1280 Vol. 17/18 pp. 1281-1440

[19XX] Sam He Lang Tong [‘The Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State’]. 3 vols. No.: Indonesian 79 A volume from the Malay translation of ‘The Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State by the First Emperor of the Song’ (宋太祖三下南唐) (Salmon 1981: 495), known in the Indies as Sam He Lang Tong (三下南唐) ‘The Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State’. Presumably a later print of the abovementioned Tjerita Sam He Lam Tong koetika hongte Tio Kong In ‘The story of the Three Expeditions against the Southern Tang State under Emperor Zhao Kuangyin’ (1912-1914). Contents: Vol. 3 (pp. 321-538)

[19XX.] Kian Liong Koen [‘The Qianlong Emperor’]. 320 p. No.: Indonesian 76 Aval.: LAL The first of a 16-volume Malay translation of ‘The Travels of the Qianlong Emperor in South China’ (乾隆游江南) (Salmon 1981: 388), romanized in the Indies as Kian Liong Koen Joe Kang Lam. The first page sets the book’s historical context, clarifying that the first Manchu Emperor who ruled China during the Qing Dynasty was Soen Ti (順治), followed by Kong Hi (康熙), Jong Tjeng (雍正), and Kian Long (乾隆). Only the first volume is present. It ends abruptly, implying that the second volume was printed quickly afterwards. The series’ sequel, Anaknja Ouw A Kian ‘Hu Huigan’s Child’, is discussed below.

3.2. “C.” [19XX.] Anaknja Ouw A Kian; atawa Pembalesan Oeij Koen samboeng dari Kian Liong [‘Hu Huigan’s Child; The revenge of Huangkun, sequel of Qianlong’]. 80+ p. No.: Indonesian 73 Aval.: HBJ, LAL Cover missing, final pages missing Translated by an unknown author using the pseudonym “C.” Presumably part of a 3- volume series published in 1920 (Salmon 1981: 160). A sequel to Kian Liong Koen ‘The Qianlong Emperor’ discussed above, and a prequel to Achirnja Geredja Siauw Lim Sie ‘The end of the Shaolin Temple’ discussed below. The protagonist is known as Ouw A Kian or Ouw Hoei Kian (胡惠乾). The story narrates the exploits of the famous Ngo Bwe soehoe (五位師父) ‘Five Masters’ of Chinese martial arts history. It features the famous warriors Oeij Koen (黃坤), Phoei Si Giok (方世玉), and Tji Sian (至善).

3.3 Goan Bie Hoo 1915. Boekoe tjerita dahoeloe kala di negri Tiongkok menjeritaken Haij Soeij alias Kong Hong djaman Keizer Ban Lek Koen merk Taij Beng Tiauw jang ber-alamat Siauw Ang Pauw [‘A book of ancient stories from China about Hai Rui or Gangfeng under the Wanli Emperor during the Ming Dynasty titled Small Scarlet Robe’]. Sukabumi: Goan Bie Hoo. Second print [1893] No.: Indonesian 85 Aval.: unique to FL (but incomplete) The first three volumes of the 5-volume Malay translation of the Chinese story ‘The Complete Story of Lord Hai’s Small Scarlet Robe’ (海公小紅袍全專), translated by Goan Bie Hoo (Salmon 1981: 172). The popular Chinese story was known in the Indies as Siauw Ang Pauw (小紅袍) ‘The Small Scarlet Robe’. Kong Hong (剛峰) ‘Gangfeng’ is a pseudonym of Haij Soeij (海瑞) ‘Hai Rui’ (1514-1587 CE), a famous scholar- official during the Ming dynasty who was known for his honesty. The final pages of volume three are missing. Contents: Vol. 1 pp. 1-80 Vol. 2 pp. 81-160 Vol. 3 pp. 161-240+

3.3. “Goei P.H.” 1899. Boekoe tjerita ber-alamat Pek Koei Tjie, tersalin dari boekoe tjina. Tempo Keizer Ban Lek Koen merk Taij Beng Tiauw [‘A story book titled The Story of the White Sceptre, translated from a Chinese book; at the time of the Wanli Emperor during the Ming Dynasty’]. Batavia: Tjiong Eng Lok. 214 p. No.: Indonesian 36 Aval.: L A translation by the unidentified author “Goei P.H.” of the Chinese novel ‘The Story of the White Sceptre’ (白圭志) (Salmon 1981: 173), romanized in the Indies as Pek Koei Tjie. The book contains three volumes. Contents: Vol. 1 pp. 1-80 Vol. 2 pp. 83-160 Vol. 3 pp. 161-214

3.4. Kho Soen Keng 1924. Sapoetangan soetra atau Doea istri jang berbantahan achirnja bisa hidoep roekoen [‘The silk handkerchief: Two quarrelling wives who learned to live in harmony’]. Tegal: Ho Lie. Second print [1923]. 75 p. No.: Indonesian 21 Aval.: LAL, C(mf), AL A Chinese story translated into Malay by Kho Soen Keng. It is set in Hanzhou and narrates the love triangle between the teacher Tio Sianseng (趙先生), his first wife – the ninth daughter Kioe Sio Tjia (九小姐) of a Qing Dynasty tho thay (道臺) ‘local governor’ – and his second wife. Possibly a translation of ‘Mr. Zhao’s Troubles’ (趙先生底煩惱) by Xu Qinwen (許欽文).

3.5. Lie In Eng [1918]. Nona Hong Giok [‘Miss Hong Giok’]. [Batavia: Lie Tek Long.] No.: Indonesian 16 Aval.: WM, LAL[vol. 19], OH(mf), Hathitrust Author not named, but the books can be identified as volumes 3 and 8 of Lie In Eng’s 25-volume ‘Story of Miss Hong Giok: An angel on earth’ (Tjerita Nona Hong Giok atawa bidadari dari doenia), which is based on an unidentified story set in China (Salmon 1981: 227). The protagonist’s name Hong Giok translates as ‘Red Jade’ (紅玉): the daughter of the rainbow incarnated as an angel on earth. According to the book’s introduction, it ‘needs to be known and read by men and women. A good example for rich and wise people’ (Perloe diketahoei dan dibatja oleh orang lelaki dan prampoean. Toeladan baik dari hartawan dan boediman). Contents: Vol. 3 pp. 161-320 Vol. 9 pp. 1441-1600

3.6. Lim Ho Hin [1883] Tjerita Ouw Pé Tjoa dengen Khouw Han Boen [‘The story of the Black and the White Snake and Xu Hanwen’]. Batavia: Bruining. 160 p. No.: Indonesian 74 Aval.: HBJ, PN, UKM(mf)

Author not named, but the book can be identified as Lim Ho Hin’s translation of ‘The Story of Hanwen and the White Serpent’ (白蛇精記) (Salmon 1981: 248). This story is said to have taken place ‘in ancient imperial times (during the Yuan Dynasty Emperor)’ (Dahoeloe kala tempo radja (Hong The Merk Goan Tiauw)) and tells the Chinese legend of the ouwtjoa (烏蛇) ‘black snake’ and petjoa (白蛇) ‘white snake’. As the introduction reads: ‘This is a story about two snake spirits, a white one and a black one, who masqueraded as two very pretty women, tempted a young man named Xu Hanwen (許漢文), after which they married, leading to a great war against the Immortal Fahai (法海仙師) (Ja-itoe tjerita 2 Siloeman Oelar poetie dan item, soeda menjaroe djadi 2 prampoean jang amat tjantik, soeda goda pada sa’orang anak moeda nama Khouw Han Boen, hingga mendjadi laki bini, kamoedian djadi prang besar pada Hoat Haij Sian Soe).

3.7. Ong Ham Tjioe & Yo Pek Soen [1884.] [Boekoe tjerita dahoeloe kalah di negri tjina tempo Ong Tjiauw Koen nama Siang Hong Kie IJan merk Han Tiauw Hongtee Han Ong]. [‘A story book of ancient times in China at the time of Wang Zhaojun named The Female Prince, during the Han Dynasty under the emperor King of Han’]. Batavia: s.l. Vol. 1. 80 p. No.: Indonesian 51 Aval.: WM, C(vol. 4, 6), HBJ(8 vols.) A prequel to Ong Tjiauw Koen ‘Wang Zhaojun’ discussed above. The book is the first part of a 7-volume Malay translation of the Chinese story ‘The Female Prince’ (雙鳳奇緣), also known as ‘The Complete Story of Zhaojun Appeasing the Barbarians’ (昭君和番全傳) (Salmon 1981: 280). In the Indies, this story was known as Siang Hong Kie IJan (雙鳳奇緣). Only a xerox copy of the first part is present. It contains (unclear) drawings of the scenes narrated.

Figure 4: Picture from Ong Tjiauw Koen

3.8. Sioe Djip Ong & Sioe Pek Soey 1932. San Tong Hiap Too [‘The Bandits from Shandong’]. Tasikmalaya: Kiam Hiap Book. 109 p. No.: Indonesian 23 Aval.: LAL A Malay translation of the Chinese novel ‘The Bandits from Shandong’ (山東俠盜) (Salmon 1981: 302). No. 15 of the series Kiam Hiap (劍俠) ‘Chivalrous Swordsman’, a monthly magazine directed by Ho Nai Ch’uan and printed by D.A.S. Koernia in Tasikmalaya.

Figure 5: Cover of San Tong Hiap Too

3.9. Tan Kian Hok [1913.] Sjair tjerita Ong Sie Nio. [‘Poem of Wangshi Nü’]. S.l.: s.n. 80 p. No.: Indonesian 49 Aval.: PN, L A Malay translation of the Chinese story ‘The True Scripture of Wangshi Nü’ (王氏女真經) (Salmon 1981: 337). Introduced as a ‘Poetic book about Wangshi Nü: A loyal woman during the imperial dynasty of Han Wudi (漢武帝)’ (Boekoe sair tjerita Ong Sie Nio: Satoe prampoean berhati setija tempo djaman Keradjaän merk Han Boen Tee).

3.10. Tan Tjhan Hie [1915.] Tjerita Lim Liong Tjaij atawa Satoe anak jang dapet membales moesoeh ajahnja: Satoe tjerita jang betoel soedah kedjadian di Tiongkok; dan Tjerita Yo Im Nio atawa Satoe anak prampoewan jang telah dinikahken dengen orang sembarangan, hingga achirnja soeda djadi telantar: Satoe tjerita jang betoel soedah kedjadian di Djawa Koelon dan sengadja dikarang aken djadi nasehat [‘The story of Lim Liong Tjaij; A story about a child who could take revenge on his father’s enemy: A story that really happened in China; and the Story of Yo Im Nio, a girl who had been married to a random guy, so that she ended up miserable: A story that really happened in West Java and has been written as an advisory tale’]. Batavia: Lie Tek Long. 101 p. No.: Indonesian 60 Aval.: LAL, HBJ, CC(Box NN1) Incomplete, last pages missing The first 32 pages of the Malay translation of an unidentified Chinese story, which takes place in Zhangzhou in the 1850s. The second and third story – as announced on the title page – both take place in the Indies, but are missing.

3.11. “Thong T. Fuctriorider” [1923.] Kawanan Liang San. [The association of Mount Liang.] No.: Indonesian 82 Aval.: LAL, WM(mf), C(vol.5/3, vol.7[1924]), AL, HBJ, CICD Written by an unknown author using the pseudonym “Thong T. Fuctriorider”. Can be identified as part of the 24-volume series ‘The revenge of the association of Mount Liang: A group of tough people who oppose an association of intriguers’ (Pembalesannja kawanan Liangsan atawa koempoelan orang-orang gaga jang djadi satroenja kawanan dorna) (Salmon 1981: 364). Presumably based on the Chinese story ‘Water Margin’ (水滸傳). Only volume 3/4 is present. Contents: Vol. 3/4 (pp. 189-394)

3.12. Tjan Hoat Kie 1961. Achirnja Geredja Siauw Lim Sie atau binasanja Pe Bi To Djin, sambungan Ouw A Kian [‘The end of the Shaolin Temple; The demise of the White Eyebrow Taoist, the sequel of Hu Huigan’]. [Bogor: Bakti Bookstore] Two volumes. Reprint [1924]. No.: Indonesian 35 Aval.: LAL The 1961 reprint of a 1924 sequel to Kian Liong Koen ‘The Qianlong Emperor’ and Anaknja Ouw A Kian ‘Hu Huigan’s Child’ discussed above. Written by Haka Tjan Bogor – a pseudonym of Tjan Hoat Kie (d. 1957) – with the permission of the late author’s family. The story recounts the end of the Siauw lim sie (少林寺) ‘Shaolin

Temple’ and the demise of the infamous Pe Bi To Djin (白眉道人) ‘White Eyebrow Taoist’. Contents: Vol. 1 pp. 1-80 Vol. 2 pp. 81-156

3.13. Tjie Tjin Koey 1909. Pembalesannja satoe nona moeda; of Siotjia Ang-Djie [‘The revenge of a young girl; The Red Girl’]. Sukabumi: s.n. 86 p. No.: Indonesian 81 Aval.: UKM(mf) The Malay translation of the late-Qing novel Xiao Hong'er (小紅兒) by Pinhua Nüshi (品花女士) (Salmon 1981: 351). The story takes place in China in the vicinity of Se Houw (西湖) lake, situated in Hangtjioe (錢塘), in the Tsjekiang (浙江) province. It is set in a village surrounded by red leaves – Ang Hiap Tjoan (紅葉村) – where a mysterious girl and her mother live in an old temple named Ang Hiap Am (紅葉庵). The girl draws the interest of the young man Pen In Tjoe (白雲子). The story is clearly of a non-traditional character. Pen In Tjoe’s friend Ang Kiam Hoey (汪劍飛), for example, is keen to study in Japan.

[1911]. Soen Phin – Bang Kwan [‘Sun Bin – Pang Juan’]. Sukabumi: s.n. 123 p. No.: Indonesian 78 Aval.: L(mf), C(mf), HBJ A Malay translation of the Chinese novel ‘The Matching of Wits between Sun Bin and Pang Juan’ (孫龐鬥志演義) (Salmon 1981: 351). The story takes place during the Warring States period, when the famous military strategists Soen Phin (孫臏) ‘Sun Bin’ and Bang Kwan (龐涓) ‘Pang Juan’ attempted to outsmart each other.

1922. Phe Kong An [‘The Cases of Lord Peng’]. Surabaya: Ang Sioe Tjing. 74 p. No.: Indonesian 38 Aval.: LAL, AL, HBJ A Malay translation of the first part of the 15-volume ‘The Cases of Lord Peng’ (彭公案) (Salmon 1981: 351). It is introduced as ‘a story that really happened under the Kong Hie Koen (光緒君) ‘Guangxu Emperor’ during the Qing dynasty. The story thus post- dates the events it describes by more than a century, while the Chinese book itself was only printed after the fall of the Manchu Qing Dynasty (Satoe tjerita jang betoel soedah kedjadian di djaman Keizer Kong Hie Koen Dynastie Tjing. Djadi njata ini tjerita baroe berselang seratoes taon lebih dari tempo kedjadiannja, sedeng boekoe Tionghoanja baroe ditjitak pada sesoedahnja Dynastie Bwan Tjing roeboeh).

[192X.] Sam Kok Ho atawa Samboengan Sam-Kok [‘After the Three Kingdoms: A Sequel to the Three Kingdoms’]. Batavia: Hoa Siang In Kiok. 3 vols. No.: Indonesian 32 Aval.: LAL A Malay translation of the Chinese novel ‘The Romance of the Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties’ (東西晉演義) (Salmon 1981: 476). The story is said to have taken place after the Three Kingdoms, during the Jin dynasty under the Soe-ma (司馬) ‘Sima’ kings. According to the introduction, ‘this story is taken from the national accounts, Lek-soe

(歷史), so that the accuracy of everything in it can be trusted’ (Ini tjerita menoeroet tjatetan hikayat negeri [Lek-soe] maka segala hal jang ditoetoerken, boleh dipertjaja kabenerannja). As is elucidated at the onset, the first Jin emperor was Soe-ma IJam (司馬炎) alias An Sie (安世), born in the province Hoo Lam (河南), the first son of Soe- ma Tjiauw (司馬昭) and grandson of Soe-ma Ie (司馬懿). Contents: Vol. 1 pp. 1-80 Vol. 2 pp. 81-160 Vol. 3 pp. 161-257

[19XX] Pendekar Merah [‘The Red Warrior’]. Batavia: Hoa Siang In Kiok. No.: Indonesian 55 Aval.: LAL, AL The third volume of a Malay translation of the Chinese novel ‘The Red Warrior’ (紅俠) by Lu Shi-e (陸士諤) (Salmon 1981: 352). The story takes place at the beginning of the Manchu (i.e. Qing) dynasty. According to the introduction, ‘this story is very beautiful, attractive, and able to provoke a desire within the reader to fight for justice’ (Ini tjerita sanget bagoes, menarik hati, bisa menimboelken napsoe aken membelah keadilan bagi sesoeatoe orang jang membatja). Contents: Vol. 3 (pp. 159-232)

3.14. Tjiong Hok Long [19XX] Tjerita dari “Sam Kok In” [‘A story from The origins of the Three Kingdoms’]. 41 p. No.: Indonesian 46 Aval.: HBJ, CICD Based on a story from the Chinese novel ‘The origins of the Three Kingdoms’ (三國因) (Salmon 1981: 492). The account is set during the Han dynasty under Soen Tee (舜帝) ‘Emperor Shun’. It features the ruler Soe-ma Tong Siang (司馬仲湘) and Giam Lo Ong (閻羅王). The latter is the Hokkien name of the Buddhist Yama Rājā ‘King of Hell’.

[19XX.] Hong Kiam Tjoen Tjioe [‘The Spring and Autumn of Spears and Swords’] No.: Indonesian 84 Aval.: unique to FL, but incomplete The author’s name is missing, but the work can be identified as part of Tjiong Hok Long’s 14-volume Malay translation of the Chinese novel ‘The Spring and Autumn of Spears and Swords’ (鋒劍春秋) (Salmon 1981: 355), romanized in the Indies as Hong Kiam Tjoen Tjioe. The story is set at the end of the Liat Kok (列國) ‘various vassal states’ period, when the emperor Tjin Sie Ong (秦始皇) ‘Qin Shi Huang’ founded the Qin dynasty in the third century BCE. Contents: Vol. 7/8 (pp. 481-640)

3.15. “Young Chinaman” [1911.] Hikajat “Pangempangan Darah”; samboengannja Tjerita “Sasoedahnja kaja baroe beroentoeng” [‘The tale “Containment of Blood’; a sequel to the story “Fortune comes only after getting rich”]. Batavia: Tjiong Koen Bie. 35 p. No.: Indonesian 62 Aval.: LAL, CICD 25

A short story written by an unknown author who used the pseudonym “Young Chinaman”. Said to be a sequel of the story Sasoedahnja kaja baroe beroentoeng ‘Fortune comes only after getting rich’, which was authored by Mr. Phoa Tjoen Hoaij (1890-1966). Set in China, but featuring some Western characters. The book appears to be a translation of a contemporary Chinese novel.

4. TRANSLATED EUROPEAN FICTION 4.1. (Anon.) [1918.] Oom Bernac: Satoe tjerita di djeman Napoleon I [‘Uncle Bernac: A story during the time of Napoleon I’]. Batavia: Sin Po. No.: Indonesian 63 Aval.: CICD(1-3) An anonymous Malay translation of the 1896 novel Uncle Bernac by Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930). Contents: Vol. 2 (pp. 83-160) Vol. 3 (pp. 1-256)

[19XX.] (Unknown work) No.: Indonesian 83 Cover page is missing, incomplete A story set in the US and Europe, featuring upper-class Western characters of different backgrounds. The book seems to be a translation on stylistic and thematic grounds, but I have not identified the original work. The story revolves around Alfred Vieuxtemps, his wife Clotilde Vieuxtemps, and their daughter Emma. It also features Frits Scherer, Johan Goud, Colonel Rogers, William Smith, and Circus Bumpo. Contents: Vol. 2/2 (pp. 191-419)

4.2. Go Swie Tjhiang 1917. Ingenieur Herman van Brakel: Satoe nasehat boewat orang jang bersobat pada kartoe main dan minoeman keras [‘Engineer Herman van Brakel: A cautionary tale for young people who are intimate with playing cards and alcoholic drinks’]. Surabaya: Bloemenhandel “Tiong Hwa”. 264 p. No.: Indonesian 13 Aval.: WM, L(xerox), C, HBJ A translation by Go Swie Tjhiang of the 1890 Dutch book H. van Brakel, ing. B.O.W. ‘H. van Brakel, engineer Civil Public Works’ by the prominent Netherlands Indies author Paulus Adrianus Daum (1850-1898) under his pseudonym “Maurits”. The first two paragraphs are given below, juxtaposing the Dutch original and the rather loose Malay translation: De lampen brandden in de achtergalerij, Di pertengaän blakang dalem roemanja toean boven de nog gedekte tafel. Vlug namen de ingenieur Herman van Brakel masi terang bedienden de gerechten weg; ze hadden dengan tjahaja lampoe jang di pasang di atas ditmaal haast; ‘t was immers de laatste medja. Dengan lekas boedjang-boedjang arbeid des daags! angkat makanan dari medja.

Het hoofd van Lucie zonk voorover op haar Kepalanja njonja Lucie van Brakel toendoek di borst; haar oogen waren dichtgevallen; zij dada dan matanja merem, kerna soeda biasanja kon zoo’n onoverwinnelijken slaap krijgen, saben malem, sasoedanja doedoek makan, ‘s avonds na het eten! Dan was het zoo njonja ini lantas masoek tidoer. Itoe waktoe rustig, zoo stil: de kinderen sliepen; de njonja Lucie tiada bekerdja satoe apa lagi, huiselijke bedrijvigheid was ten einde. pekerdjaän di dalem roema soeda di atoer rapi dan anak-anaknja soeda pada tidoer.

4.3. Lie Kim Hok 1908. Hikajat Kapitein Flamberge. [‘The story of Captain Flamberge’]. Batavia: Hoa Sing In Kiok. 29 p. No.: Indonesian 58 Aval.: LAL(7 vols., 560 p.), C(mf), HBJ Last page(s) missing The sixth volume of Lie Kim Hok’s Malay translation of the 1877 novel Flamberge I. Haine de famille, II. La dame au collier ‘Flamberge: I. Family hate, II. The lady with the necklace’ written by Paul Saunière (1827-1894) (Salmon 1981: 532-3). Contents: Vol. 6 (pp. 401-478+)

1912. Pembalesan baccarat (Samboengan Penipoe besar) [‘The revenge of Baccarat (The sequel of A great trickster)’]. Batavia: Hoa Siang In Kiok. 317 p. No.: Indonesian 14 Aval.: LAL, OH(mf) Front cover damaged, an extra copy of pp. 1-79 A Malay translation of Les Exploits de Rocambole, Tome III: La Revanche de Baccarat ‘The Adventures of Rocambole, Volume III: The Revenge of Baccarat’, a story originally written by the French author Pierre Alexis Ponson du Terrail (1829-1871) about the popular antihero Rocambole.

5. RELIGION AND MORALITY 5.1. Liem Tji Khay [196X.] Tao The Ching. No. 3: Adjaran dari Lau Tze [‘The Way and its Power. No. 3. The teachings of Laozi’]. [Surakarta:] Swastika Surakarta. No: Indonesian 26 Aval.: CC(box D) A book dealing with the contents of the Tao The Ching (道德經) ‘The Way and its Power’, a foundational text of Taoism associated with the sixth-century BCE sage Laozi (老子). The book contains a foreword by Drs. Khoe Soe Khiam and one by Mrs. Vishaka Tjoahinhoay. The former was the head of the Gabungan Sam Kauw Indonesia ‘Indonesian Combined Three Religions’ and later changed his name into Sasanasurya. The latter was an alias of Kwee Yat Nio (1907-1993), the daughter of Kwee Tek Hoay and director of the journal Tri Budaja ‘Three Cultures’. Contents: Vol. 1: chapters 1 to 27 (143 p.) Vol. 2: chapters 28 to 54 (127 p.) Vol. 3: chapters 55 to 81 (118 p.)

5.2. Kwee Tek Hoay 1937. Reïncarnatie dan karma [‘Reincarnation and karma’]. [Surakarta:] Swastika Solo. Third print [1928]. 90+ p. No.: Indonesian 40 Aval.: C(mf)[1937], L[1949], C(mf)[1949] Final pages missing A book on reincarnation (toemimbal lahir) based on a series of articles previously published in the journal Panorama, of which the author Kwee Tek Hoay was editor-in- chief. The book aims to ‘clarify the reasons why the human spirit has to be reborn on earth multiple times, and the workings of the laws governing causes and events that trigger the consequences of actions’ (menerangkan sebab-sebabnja kenapa roh manoesia moesti terlahir kombali ka doenia beroelang-oelang dan djalannja wet dari hal sebab dan kedjadiannja jang timboelken bales-membales).

[1960]. Bhagavat Gita interpreted. Jakarta: Tjoa Hin Hoey. Second print [1935]. 160 p. No.: Indonesian 18 Aval.: Yale, L(mf), C(mf) Book about the Bhagavad-Gītā, a Sanskrit scripture that is part of the Hindu epic Mahābhārata. Said to be written ‘in simple Indonesian’ (dalam bahasa Indonesia Sederhana). Contains a foreword by Kwee Tek Hoay’s daughter Ms. Visakha Tjoahinhoey, also known as Kwee Yat Nio. For more information, see Saputro (2016).

[1961.] Sam Kauw dan Khong Kauw: Apakah artinja Tiga Agama itu? Sosialisme dan demokrasi dari Khong Kauw [‘The Three Religions and Confucianism: What is the meaning of the Three Religions? Socialism and democracy from Confucianism’]. [Surakarta:] Swastika Surakarta. Second print. 69 p. No.: Indonesian 01 Aval.: CC(Box D), LAL A brief introduction by Kwee Tek Hoay to the Sam Kauw (三教) ‘Three Religions’ and Khong Kauw (孔教) ‘Confucianism’. Contents. pp. 3-40 Apa adanja Tiga Agama itu? [‘What are the Three Religions?’]

29 pp. 41-51 Sam Kauw dengan Bintjana Dunia [‘The Three Religions and Worldly Affliction’]

[1961.] Peladjaran Khong Kauw [‘Confucian Lessons’]. [Surakarta:] Swastika Surakarta. Second print [1950]. 128 p. No.: Indonesian 01 Aval.: CC(Box D)[1950] A book on the lessons of Confucianism and their applications to everyday life. Contents: pp. 7-42 Khong Kauw prihal Sosialisme [‘Confucianism on socialism’] pp. 43-69 Khong Kauw prihal Democrasi [‘Confucianism on democracy’] pp. 71-101 Prihal ilmu Muziek dan Njanjian [‘On music and songs’] pp. 102-128 Prihal Meditasi [‘On meditation’]

[1961.] Udjar2 emas (Goldenverses) dari Nabi Khong Hu Tju dalam Kitab Lun Gie [‘The Golden Verses of Confucius in the Analects’]. [Surakarta: Swastika] Revised edition [1949]. 104 p. No.: Indonesian 34 Aval.: unique to FL A book containing selected verses from the Lun Gie (論語) ‘Analects’ of Khong Hu Tju (孔夫子) ‘Confucius’.

[1961.] Tiga Serangkai. No. 9. Adjaran dari Samkauw [‘Three Clusters. No. 9. Teachings from the Three Religions’]. Surakarta: Penerbit Swastika. No.: Indonesian 03 Aval.: L, LAL, CC(box D) Revised versions of three of Kwee Tek Hoay’s earlier publications on Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. The first volume deals with the teachings of the Gautama Buddha. The second deals with on the Lun Gie (論語) ‘Analects’ of Khong Tju (孔子) ‘Confucius’. The third deals with the Tao Teh King (道德經) ‘The Way and its Power’ of Lao Tze (老子) ‘Laozi’. Contents: Vol. 1. A. Sariputra, Hikmah adjaran2 Buddha Gautama (udjar2 emas Buddha) [‘Insights from Buddha Gautama’s Teachings (Buddha’s golden verses)’]. 40 p. Vol 2. Liem Tji Khay (corr.), Hikmah adjaran Khong Tju dalam kitab Lun Gie [‘Insights from Confucius’ teachings in the Analects’]. 104 p. Vol. 3. Hikmah Lao Tze [‘Insights from Laozi’]. 84 p.

[1961.] Pengidupan disananja kubur. Seri 1-3: Sumber dari theosofie [‘Life after death. Series 1-4. Sources of theosophy’]. Second print [1935]. S.l.: s.n. No: Indonesian 07 Aval.: L, CC(box D) A treatise on theosophy, introducing the movement’s underlying concepts of prāṇa ‘life force’, kāma ‘desire’, kāmaloka ‘semi-material plane’, kāmarupa ‘astral forms’, and devachan ‘the blissful realm’. Contents: Vol. 1, 89 p. pp. 1-11 Prakata pengarang [‘The author’s foreword’] pp. 12-30 Tubuh manusia [‘The human body’] pp. 31-67 Nasibnja tubuh manusia [‘The fate of the human body’]

30 pp. 68-89 Nasibnja badan ether [‘The fate of the etheric body’] Vol. 2, 73 p. pp. 1-33 Keadaan di Kamaloka (Acherat) nasifnja Prana dan Kama [‘Conditions in the Astral World (the Hereafter) and the fate of the Life Force and Desire’] pp. 34-51 Nasifnja orang-orang jang mati terpaksa atau membunuh diri sendiri [‘The fate of people who die unnaturally or commit suicide’] pp. 52-73 Kama rupa atau Badan Hawa Nafsu di Kamaloka [‘Astral forms or Carnal Bodies in the Astral World’] Vol. 3, 84 p. pp. 1-69 Dewachan atau Alam angan-angan [‘The Blissful Realm or Mental Plane’] pp. 70-84 Kembalinja Roh ke dunia [‘The return of the Spirit to earth’]

[1961.] Kwan Im – Avalukisteswara. No. 12. Riwajat dan dongengannja sebagai Malaikat pelindung dan Djuru Slamat [‘Guanyin – Avalokiteśvara. No. 12. Her stories and tales as Guardian Angel and Saviour’]. Second print [1941]. [Surakarta:] Swastika Surakarta. No.: Indonesian 08 Aval.: L, OH(mf), C(mf), CC(box D) Book on the Chinese goddess Kwam Im or Kuan Yin (觀音) ‘Guanyin’, introduced as a ‘tale of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, the Goddess of Love or Guanyin’ (Riwajat Boddhisttwa [sic!] Avalokiteswara Dewi Tjinta Kasih atau Kwam Im). This publication is largely inspired by E.T.C. Werner’s Myths and Legends of China published in 1922 (Salmon 1981: 216). The book narrates how King Miao Chuang (妙莊) prayed to the God of Hoa Shan (華山) for a male heir. As it happened, three brothers from India had lived their lives as good Buddhists, yet were indirectly responsible for the gruesome murder of the Dai (戴) family. To repent, they reincarnated as Miao Chuang’s daughters. The third daughter, Miao Shan (妙善), piously refused the pleasures of the world. After eventually attaining Perfection, Miao Shan, accompanied by the hermit monk Shan Tsi (善財), returned to earth, reunited with her family, and reached Buddha-hood. Contents: Vol. 1, pp. 1-71 pp. 1-10 Prakata [‘Foreword’] pp. 11-19 Kwam Im sebagai malaikat pelindung [‘Guanyin as a guardian angel’] pp. 20-22 Kwam Im sebagai djuru selamat [‘Guanyin as a saviour’] pp. 23-25 Riwajat dan dongengannja Kwam Im [‘Stories and tales of Guanyin’] pp. 26-28 Sembahjang kepada Dewa-dewa [‘A prayer to the gods’] pp. 29-33 Pembunuhan dari keluarga Tai [‘The murder of the Dai family’] pp. 34-35 Permohonannja Dewa Hoa Shan [‘The request of the God of Hua Shan’] pp. 36-38 Terlahirnja Tiga Putri [‘The birth of three daughters’] pp. 39-40 Miao Shan punja angan-angan luhur [‘Miaoshan’s exalted ambitions’] pp. 41-42 Pernikahan dua saudari Miao Shan [‘The marriage of Miaoshan’s two sisters’] pp. 43-47 Penolakan pada kasenengan dunia [‘Refusal of worldly pleasures’] pp. 48-49 Diinternir dalam suatu taman [‘Detained in a garden’] pp. 50-52 Rumah Wiraha [sic!] Burung Putih [‘The White Bird Nunnery’] pp. 53-55 Penerimaan dalam Wihara [‘Reception at the Nunnery’] p. 56 Sembahjang kepada Buddha [‘Worship to the Buddha’] pp. 57-58 Bantuan dari fihak Rohani [‘Help from the spiritual side’] pp. 59-63 Dibakarnja Wihara Burung Putih [‘The burning down of the White Bird Nunnery’] pp. 64-71 Miao Shan dihukum mati [‘Miaoshan is sentenced to death’]

Vol. 2, pp. 73-145 pp. 73-76 Miao Shan kundjungi Naraka [‘Miaoshan visits Hell’] pp. 77-79 Naraka berubah mendjadi sorga [‘Hell turns into Heaven’] pp. 80-87 Suatu udjian pri kebadjikan [‘A test of virtue’] pp. 88-92 Miao San [sic!] mentjapai kesempurnaan [‘Miaoshan achieves perfection’] pp. 93-94 Suatu daja pertjobaan [‘A cunning experiment’] pp. 95-96 Perubahan pada dirinja Shan Tsi [‘The transformation of Shancai’] pp. 97-99 Saudara dan saudari [‘Brother and sister’] p. 100 Hukumannja Radja Miao Chung [‘The punishment of King Miaozhuang’] pp. 101-106 Menjamar sebagai thabib pendita [‘Masquerading as a priest-physician’] pp. 107-110 Obat jang aneh [‘A strange medicine’] pp. 111-115 Complotan chianat jang gagal [‘A failed treacherous complot’] pp. 116-117 Pengakuan dosa dan akibatnja [‘A confession and its results’] pp. 118-122 Obat jg mengerikan [‘A terrible medicine’] pp. 123-125 Pertolongan sebagian [‘Incomplete help’] pp. 126-129 Kesembuhannja Baginda Radja [‘The recovery of His Majesty’] pp. 130-132 Anak perempuannja Radja [‘The King’s daughter’] pp. 133-134 Radja Miao Chung dan permaisuri tertawan [‘King Miaozhuang and the queen imprisoned’] pp. 135-136 Bertobatnja Miao Chung [‘King Miazhuang repents’] pp. 137-138 Penjesalan jang sesungguhnja [‘True regrets’] p. 139 Miao Chuang [sic!] letakkan tachtanja [‘Miaozhuang relinquishes his throne’] pp. 140-141 Singa hidjau dan gadjah putih diberi ampun [‘The green lion and white elephant are forgiven’] pp. 142-145 Miao Shan mendjadi Buddha [‘Miaoshan becomes a Buddha’] Vol. 3, pp. 3-114 pp. 3-51 Lain dongeng tentang Kuan Yin [‘Other tales of Guanyin’] pp. 52-66 Rupa dan patungnja Dewi Kuan Yin [‘Forms and statues of the Goddess Guanyin’] pp. 67-79 Tempat kediamannja Kuan Yin [‘Guanyin’s abodes’] pp. 80-85 Sembahjangan hari besar Kuan Yin [‘Guanyin’s holiday prayers’] pp. 86-92 Klenteng-klenteng Kuan Yin [‘Guanyin’s temples’] pp. 93-114 Bagian esoterisnja Kuan Yin [‘The esoteric side of Guanyin’]

[1962.] Kritik soal hauw: Di djaman modern ini. Dari C.S. Wong [‘Criticism on filial piety: At this modern age. By C.S. Wong’]. S.l.: s.n. Revised edition [1949]. 134 p. No.: Indonesian 33 Aval.: CC(box D) The Malay translation of a book by an unidentified C.S. Wong on hauw (孝) ‘filial piety’, first published in 1949. The spelling of the original author’s name would suggest origins from British Malaya or Hong Kong.

[196X.] Nan Hoa Ching [‘The Southern Florescence Classic’]. S.l.: s.n. No.: Indonesian 04 Aval.: L(mf), C(mf), LAL, CC(box D) A treatise on Taoist philosophy on the basis of the Nan Hoa King (南華經) ‘Southern Florescence Classic’, also known as the Chuang Tze (莊子) ‘Zhuangzi’, one of the foundational texts of Taoism. Contents: Vol. 1. Perdjalanan melantjong jang beruntung [‘Prosperous sightseeing tours’]. 103 p.

Vol. 2. Persamaan segala benda dan pikiran [‘The similarity of all objects and thoughts’]. 107 p. Vol 3. Pokok dasar memperbaiki kehidupan [‘The fundamentals to improve life’]. 109 p.

[196X.] Thay Hak: Kitab jang pertama peladjaran dari Khongtju [‘The Great Learning: The first book of the lessons of Confucius’]. [Surakarta:] Swastika Surakarta. Second print [1937]. 85 p. No. Indonesian 05 Aval.: C(mf), CC(box D), LAL[1937] A book on the Thay Hak (大學) ‘Great Learning’ of Khongtju (孔子) ‘Confucius’. The work also briefly mentions the work of the Chinese historian Tju Hie (朱熹) ‘Zhu Xi’ and the Siang Beng (上孟) ‘first half’ and He Beng (下孟) ‘second half’ of the anecdotes and conversations attributed to the Confucian philosopher Mencius (孟子). The Thay Hak is introduced as a ‘Great Learning about intelligence’ (Peladjaran besar tentang pri budi). The book compares the Confucianist teachings to other philosophies and religions of past and present. The ‘clarifications from the publisher’ (p. 4) inform us that the Chinese characters have been omitted in the new version, indicating that they were present in the 1937 edition. Contents: p. 3 Keterangan pengarang [‘Clarifications from the author’] p. 4 Keterangan penerbit [‘Clarifications from the publisher’] pp. 5-6 Prakata [‘Foreword’] (1936) p. 7 Tju Hie dengan perkenalannja [‘Zhu Xi and his introduction’] pp. 8-24 Udjar-udjar dari Thay Hak [‘Verses from the Great Learning’] pp. 25-27 Membarui (mensutjikan) manusia [‘Restoring (cleansing) mankind’] pp. 28-36 Brenti ditingkatan jang paling sempurna [‘Stopping at the most perfect level’] pp. 37 Akar dan tjabang (pokok dan udjung) [‘Roots and branches (beginnings and endings)’] pp. 37-40 Mengetahui achirnja segala benda [‘Knowing the end of all things’] pp. 41-45 Soal mendjudjurkan pikiran [‘On straightening one’s thoughts’] pp. 46-47 Memperbaiki hati dan menjempurnakan diri [‘Improving the heart and perfecting the self’] pp. 48-52 Menjempurnakan diri dan membereskan rumah-tangga [‘Perfecting the self and putting one’s household in order’] pp. 53-62 Membereskan rumah-tangga dan memerentah negri [‘Putting one’s household in order and ruling the country’] pp. 63-85 Mengatur peprentahan negri dan amankan dunia [‘Regulating the governance of countries and securing the world’]

[196X.] Enam serangkai [‘Six clusters’]. S.l.: s.n. 118 p. No.: Indonesian 06 Aval.: LAL, CC(box D) Two combined volumes on respectively Confucianism and Buddhism. The first volume deals with the Thay Hak (大學) ‘Great Learnings’ and Tiong Yong (中庸) ‘Doctrine of the Mean’. The second volume deals with the ‘Four Noble Truths’ (Empat kabeneran mulja) of the Buddhist doctrine. Contents: Confusianisme: 1. Khong Tju – Thay Hak. Tiong Yong [‘Confucianism: 1. Confucius – The Great Leaning. The Doctrine of the Mean’]. 118 p. pp. 1-24 Pokok peladjaran Khong Hu Tju [‘The foundational lessons of Confucius’]

33 pp. 25-62 Thay Hak soal mengamankan negeri dan keberesan dunia [‘The Great Learnings on securing the nation and world order’] pp. 63-72 Artinja Tiong Yong [‘The meaning of the Doctrine of the Mean’] pp. 73-117 Pokok adjaran Tiong Yong [‘The foundational lessons of the Doctrine of the Mean’] Buddhisme: 2. Buddha – Dharma, atau kebenaran [‘Buddhism: 2. Buddha – Dharma, or truth’]. 64 p. pp. 1-12 Djalan Tengah – dan adanja kasusahan – penderitaan [‘The Middle Path – and the nature of misery – suffering’] pp. 13-30 Sebab dari adanja itu kasusahan dan penderitaan [‘The causes and nature of misery and suffering’] pp. 31-64 Terhapusnja itu kasusahan dan penderitaan [‘The erasure of misery and suffering’]

5.3. Kwee Yat Nio [1966.] Buddha Dharma dan Wanita [‘Buddhism and women’]. S.l.: s.n. 119 p. No.: Indonesian 10 Aval.: C(mf), L Written by Kwee Yat Nio under the alias Upasika Visakha Gunadharma. This popular book on Buddhism and issues pertaining to women was reprinted in 1987.

5.4. Ven. Bhikku Narada Mahathera [1969.] Buddhism in a nutshell (Keterangan singkat Agama Buddha). Translated by Mrs. Visakha Gunadharma. S.l.: s.n. 47 p. No.: Indonesian 09 Aval.: CC(box D), L[2004] A translation into Indonesian by Kwee Yat Nio, writing under the alias Mrs. Visakha Gunadharma, of a book authored by the Sri Lankan Buddhist teacher and missionary Narada Maha Thera (1898-1983). The latter visited Indonesia regularly from the 1930s and reinvigorated Theravāda Buddhism among the archipelago’s Mahāyāna-majority Buddhist community.

Figure 6: Cover of Buddhism in a Nutshell

6. CHINESE-MALAY MISCELLANEA 6.1. (Anon.) 1909. Boekoe 3 hikajat “Tan Tjiang Goan”: Soewatoe tjerita jang belon berapa lama benar soedah kedjadian di Djawa Wetan; dan Hikajat jang kedoea “Tan Tjiang Sing”: Soewatoe tjerita darie halnja satoe Luitenant Tjina belon sebrapa lama benar telah kedjadian di Poelo Djawa; dan samboengan Hikajat Radja Porcena (Radja dari Itali-Oetara) [‘Book of three stories; Tan Tjiang Goan: A story that has really happened not too long ago in West Java; and a second story Tan Tjiang Sing: A story about a Chinese lieutenant that has really happened not too long ago in Java; and the sequel of the Story of King Porsena (the king of North Italy)’]. Batavia: Goan Hong. 87 p. No.: Indonesian 65 Aval.: L, C(mf) A collection of two chronologically successive stories that took place in the Indies, followed by a story about the ancient Etruscan king Lars Porsena. King Porsena was a popular character of fiction, and several earlier Malay stories about him had appeared in the Indies (Salmon 1981: 127). It is unclear on which work the present version is based. The Malay story introduces a cobbler and his daughters Celia, Lena, and Rosa. Other characters include Demetrius, Apolo, and Violeta. Contents: pp. 1-30 Hikajat Tan Tjiang Goan [‘The story of Tan Tjiang Goan’] pp. 31-67 Hikajat Tan Tjiang Sing [‘The story of Tan Tjiang Sing’] pp. 68-87 Hikajat Radja Porcena [‘The story of King Porsena’]

1918. Boekoe tjerita Maninten: Saorang prampoean boemipoetra jang sanget ingen mendjadi bininja administrateur bangsa Europa [‘The story book of Maninten: An indigenous woman who really wanted to become the wife of a European administrator’]. Malang: Kwee Khay Khee. 58 p. No.: Indonesian 80 Aval.: UKM(mf), UM A story of unknown authorship published by the Chinese-owned printing house Kwee Khay Khee in Malang. Apparently a “true happening” from Ngadiluwih (near Kediri). The protagonist is a Sumatran concubine determined to enter a relationship with the Dutch plantation owner Maurits van Dedemsvaart. Her competitor is the Dutch woman Albertine Brandwijk. Additional characters are Henrie Stuifzande and his wife Marie Verheuvel. These names were presumably fictional.

1919. Tjerita jang bagoes jaitoe: Mah kwalon dengen anak tiri: Soeatoe nasehat baik boewat orang jang mempoenjai anak. Kembang Botan: Beroleh broentoeng sasoedanja berboewat kebaikan dan kadjoedjoeran hati [‘A beautiful story titled The stepmother and her stepchild: A good advice for people who have children. The Peony Flower: Becoming prosperous after having done the right and honest thing’]. Batavia: Lie Tek Long. 64 p. No.: Indonesian 66 Aval.: L(mf), C(mf) Promoted as an anonymous story with a happy ending, which ‘should be read by men and women’ (ada baik dibatja oleh orang lelaki dan prampoean). In reality, the book contains seven short stories, two pages of jokes, and some advertisements. The first four stories appear to be translations of unidentified Chinese tales. The titular reference of the second story to the kembang botan ( 牡丹) ‘peony flower’ is common in contemporaneous Chinese literature, as is the third story’s human relation with a fox spirit. The fifth story is said to be based on a Persian tale. The sixth and seventh stories

are moralistic commentaries on society. All stories are anonymous, except for the sixth story on the dangers of alcohol, which is written by one Ch.H. Gouw. Below is an example of a short joke: “Itoe bagoes sekali!” Satoe boeroeng kakatoea “Well that’s nice!” A certain cockatoo jang biasa oetjapken itoe perkataän, pada soeatoe often spoke these words. One day it hari depan pelaboean terbit kabakaran lantaran perched near the harbour, where a man alpanja soeatoe orang jang memboeang had carelessly tossed away his cigar stub, poentoeng lisong, itoe boeroeng telah djadi causing a great fire. Taken by surprise, begitoe kaget dan terbang ka-atas poehoen the bird flew over the trees and spoke the sembari oetjapken perkataän “Itoe bagoes sekali! words: “Well that’s nice! Well that’s Itoe bagoes sekali!” nice!” Contents: pp. 3-14 Tjerita mah kwalon dengen anak tiri [‘The story of the stepmother and her stepchild’] pp. 15-35 Kembang botan [‘Peony flower’] pp. 36-50 Orang kawin dengen siloeman rase dan dengen setan [‘A human marries a fox spirit and a devil’] pp. 51-53 Roema sekola [‘The school’] pp. 54-56 Kasetiaän membawa beroentoeng [‘Loyalty leads to fortune’] pp. 57-58 (short jokes) pp. 59-61 Bahaja alcohol atawa minoem minoeman keras [‘The dangers of alcohol or drinking alcoholic drinks’] pp. 61-64 Persariketan prampoean [‘Women’s organizations’]

1950. Amor Magazine: Taman Hiburan Asmara [‘Amor Magazine: A Pleasure Garden of Love’] (no. 6) No: Indonesian 24 Aval.: L[no. 1] The sixth number (April 1950) of an Indonesian magazine on love stories, accompanied by pictures that must be considered risqué for their time. Published in Surabaya by the printing house E. Fuhri. Most of the stories were written by established Chinese authors. Contents: pp. 16-23 Lukman Mustafa: Kembali…!! [‘Come back…!!’] pp. 24-31 Pouw Eng Tian: Tidak terduga [‘Unexpected’] pp. 32-39 Tan Moh Goan: Roro Djonggrang [‘Roro Jonggrang’] pp. 40-51 Lauw Thiambie: Bandot tua memain… tjinta? [‘An old billy-goat making… love?’] pp. 52-63 Tjoa King Loen: Bunga latar… [‘Prostitute…’]

1958. Sekolah Seni Tari Ati Soedibjo Dj. Singamangaraja Kebajoran Baru mempersembahkan: Malam tari-tarian di Gedung Kesenian Pasar Baru [‘The Dance School Ati Soedibjo Dj. Singamangaraja Kebayoran Baru presents: An evening of dance in the Pasar Baru Art Gallery’] No.: Indonesian 31 Aval.: unique to FL A short pamphlet about a dance evening organized on 11 August 1958, containing the program of the evening, a list of the organisers, two photographs of the event, and some advertisements.

6.2. Auw Ing Kiong 1942. Koen-Tjoe atawa Seorang jang pambeknja tinggi. [‘A gentleman, or person of high character’]. [Surakarta:] Populair Solo. 29 p. No.: Indonesian 57 Aval.: unique to FL A presentation by Mr. Auw Ing Kiong for S.R.I. Solo (Siaran Radio Indonesia ‘Indonesian Radio Broadcasting’), a radio station connected to the royal palace of Surakarta. It is a treatise on Confucianist values and the nature of a true Koen-tjoe (君子) ‘gentleman’. The speech was also published in the Confucianist journal Siauw Bok Tok Gwat Khan (小木鐸月刊) ‘Small Wooden-Clapper Bell Monthly’.

6.3. Chun Foo Chun [1915.] Homaro: Hatoeran oentoek memake akan roepa-roepa obat; atawa Penoendjoek roepa-roepa penjakit dan obatnja terpetik dari boekoe Tsen Tzi Tjeh Yao hoeroef Tiong Hoa [‘Homaro: Guidelines for various medicines: Instructions on several diseases and their medicines quoted from the book Tsen Tzi Tjeh Yao written in the Chinese script’]. Batavia: Lim Bok Sioe. 62 p. No.: Indonesian 72 Aval.: unique to FL Reportedly a translation of the Chinese work Tsen Tzi Tjeh Yao, elsewhere written as Tzen Tzi Tjeh Yao or Tjen Tzi Tjeh Yao. I have not been able to identify the source text, which appears to end with the word ‘pharmacy’ (製藥). The original text was reportedly written by a ‘Doktor Lowe’ (羅威醫生) from Shanghai, elsewhere introduced as Dr. Lowe Mintzi. The trademark on the book’s cover page, J.Lowe&Co, reads ‘Lowe Pharmacy’ (羅威藥房) in Chinese. Many medicines advertised in this brochure had to be purchased through Chun Foo Chun-Lim Bok Sioe &Co, clearly a company belonging to the book’s “translator” Chun Foo Chun. Advertisements of the medicine “Haemoncerin” or Ang Hiat Loen (紅學輪), which is vigorously promoted in the book, can also be seen in several contemporaneous Chinese and Malay newspapers.

Figure 7: Trademark of J.Lowe&Co

6.4. “Kamadjoean” 1932. Kamadjoean’s Ilmoe pridato dan Tentang perkoempoelan [‘The Kamadjoean Art of giving speeches, and On meetings’]. Semarang: Kamadjoean. Third print. 39 p. No.: Indonesian 25 Aval.: unique to FL An interesting manual published by the editorial board of the monthly journal Kamadjoean ‘Progress’ on speeches, their importance, and recommended ways to organize formal meetings. This publication gives advice and examples, drawing from ancient and contemporary Chinese and European wisdom. The targeted readership were Indies Chinese.

Figure 8: Drawing on the cover of Kamadjoean’s Ilmoe pridato

6.5. Kwee Khay Khee 1916. Boekoe tjerita Tiong Kok Lek Soe: Babad Azia [‘Story book of Chinese history: The Chronicle of Asia’]. Malang: Kwee Khay Khee. 84+ p. No.: Indonesian 37 Aval.: unique to FL The authors uses the initials K.K.K. and can be identified as Kwee Khay Khee. The title Tiong Kok Lek Soe (中國歷史) ‘Chinese history’ would suggest a translation of a Chinese work, yet the spelling of the book’s Chinese names reveals that the author based himself on French sinologists. It is unclear whether the book was based on one or multiple sources, and whether these were in French or Dutch. The book stops abruptly on page 84, suggesting that other volumes were (scheduled to be) forthcoming.

6.6. Kwee Kheng Liong 1917. Tjerita Siotjia Lie Hoa Nio; atawa Satoe gadis jang pegang tegoeh perdjandjian: Satoe tjerita jang betoel telah kedjadian die San Francisco, dalem djadjahan Amerika [‘The story of Miss Lie Hoa Nio: A girl who stuck to her promise: A story that really happened in San Francisco, in the American colonies’]. Bandoeng: Hoa Boe In Kiok. 66 p. No.: Indonesian 77 Aval.: HBJ, CC(Box KK2) The author uses the initials K.Kh. Liong and can be identified as Kwee Kheng Liong. The story is based on H.O. Davis’ silent film War of the Tongs (1917), reportedly produced by “Universal Red Potho [sic!] Play”. The first page contains a synopsis of the story in the form of a Malay poem. In the story, Miss Lie Hoa Nio (李華娘小姐) and Oey Eng (黃榮) fall in love, but the crooked gang leader Mr. Tan Teng (陳爭先生) attempts to forcefully take Miss Lie Hoa Nio as his wife. The book contains eight stills from the movie, which contain Chinese and Malay captions. On some stills, phrases in Javanese (using a colonial-era romanization) have been added in pencil by a previous user. Below are the first stanzas of the book’s opening poem: SEPATA SAIR BAGI PEMBATJA A POEM FOR THE READERS Kiongtjioe dan hormat saia hatoerken Greetings and respect I convey Pada Liatwie pembatja saia toedjoeken To all of my honoured readers Kaloe batja inie boekoe harep die perhatiken If you read this book, be so kind Sama apa jang saia ada maksoedken To consider what I have in mind

Die sablah inie saia moelai tjerita Hereafter, I will tell you a story Riwajatnja satoe gadis die dalem kota A tale of a girl living in a city Jang menaro tjinta pada satoe djedjaka Who falls in love with a young man Berdjandjie jang tegoeh ia telah kata And sticks to a promise she made

Figure 9: Still from Tjerita Siotjia Lie Hoa Nio

6.7. Njoo Joe Tik 1917. Tiga kagoenaän atau Sifatnja orang Tionghoa di ini Hindia [‘Three utilities; Chinese attitudes in the Indies’]. Semarang: Java Ien Boe Kongsie. 88 p. No.: Indonesian 64 Aval.: C, Hathitrust A small monograph written by Njoo Joe Tik (c. 1875-1950s) from Solo (“Soerakarta”) and corrected by Kwik King Hien (b. 1873) from Semarang. It offers an interesting politically motivated commentary on the position of the Chinese in the Netherlands Indies, their legal rights, attitudes, and envisioned future. The book contains numerous advertisements and photographs of important people in the Indies. It ends with a 16- page glossary of European terms explained in Malay, which starts as follows: Ambassadeur, (oetoesan dari keraja’an (negri Ambassador, (envoy from an empire (a besar). Liatlah “Diplomatiek”). big state). See “Diplomatic”). Anti, (tida soeka; tida setoedjoe). Anti, (to dislike; to disagree). Admiraal, (laksamana, panglima besar dari Admiral, (king of the sea, high official of satoe angkatan kapal). a naval force). Amnestie, (antero atau sebagain pengampoenan Amnesty, (whole or partial pardon from dari hoekoeman boeat antero koempoelan punishment for an entire group of pendjahat2). criminals). Anoniem, (tida dengan nama, tida dengan tanda Anonymous, (without a name, without a tangan). signature).

Figure 10: Photograph of Njoo Joe Tik from Tiga kagoenaän

6.8. “Penghidoepan” 1925. Penghidoepan [‘Life’]. Surabaya: Tan’s Drukkerij. 80+ p. No.: Indonesian 54 Aval.: OH(mf), L, C, WM, HBJ Last page(s) missing This bounded volume consists of two stories published in Penghidoepan ‘Life’, a book series belonging to the Surabaya-based monthly Hoakiao ( 華僑) ‘The Overseas Chinese’. The first author used the pseudonym Koo Heng Ngo, under which he also occasionally submitted articles to Hoakiao. The second story, written by the famous author Njoo Cheong Sing (more commonly written as “Njoo Cheong Seng”), is not present. Contents: No. 11: Sesoedanja mati [‘After death’] (Koo Heng Ngo, Tangerang). No. 12: Penggoda [‘Teaser’] (Njoo Cheong Sing)

6.9. Phoa Kok Tjoe & Bie Djin Kee [191X.] [Si bodok sama si tjerdik dengan tjerita boeat meliwati tempo jang senggang baiklah batja ini tjerita jang bagoes.] [‘The Dumb and the Smart in a story to pass the free time; A nice story to read’] Batavia: Lie Tek Long. 80 p. No.: Indonesian 47 Aval.: unique to FL Cover missing An informative collection of stories written with the intention to cultivate pan-Chinese chauvinism. It especially targets the hoakiauw (華僑) ‘overseas Chinese’ residing in Lam-yang (南洋) ‘Southeast Asia’, who are urged to help their tongpauw (同胞) ‘compatriots’ in the Chinese Tjouwkok (祖國) ‘motherland’. The political messages in the first part of the book are followed by some tales from China. On the first page, the broad thrust of the book is epitomized as follows: Sebagimana orang tentoe taoe, bahoea kita poenja As people will surely know, our people bangsa jang tinggal di negri asing boekan sedikit who live in foreign lands are by no djoemblanja, hingga bila marika itoe dikoempoel means few in number, so that if they all djadi satoe, djadilah satoe koempoelan dari satoe unite, they will form a collective of barisan jang tegoe, jang nanti sanggoep menangkis firm troops, able to withstand terrifying satoe serangan jang heibat dari sasoeatoe bahaja. attacks of something dangerous. But Tapi maksoed jang teroetama bagi marika itoe jang the chief objective of those who have soeda tinggalken pada negri sendiri, adalah marika left behind their own country is to hendak madjoeken economie dan laen-laen improve the economy and other useful pengartian jang berfaeda, jang sasoeatoe bangsa knowledge, as any nation must do. haroes berboeat. Contents: pp. 1-8 Orang jang diloear negeri [‘People living abroad’] pp. 9-15 Orang Tionghoa di Lam-yang [‘The Chinese in Southeast Asia’] pp. 16-17 Kasopanan [‘Civilization’] pp. 18-19 Negri jang toea [‘An old country’] pp. 20-21 Tjinta [‘Love’] pp. 22-35 Merekis dan kedjem [‘Full-pocketed and cruel’] pp. 36-50 Pengidoepan jang adjaib [‘A strange life’] pp. 51-54 Mitsal pepata [‘Examples of sayings’] pp. 55-80 Orang jang tjerdik [‘A smart person’]

7. OTHER MISCELLANEA 7.1. Anna Sjarief 1925. Sja’ir Gadis dan djanda [‘Poem of the virgin and the widow’]. Pekalongan: De Concurrent. 30 p. No.: Indonesian 69 Aval.: L Last 2 pages missing. A poem written in an idiom approximating classical Malay, bound together with an unrelated short story about Soen Soe Nau (see above).

7.2. Gerard Peel [1945.] Indonesian introduction: What you want to know about the Dutch East Indies. Sydney: Current Book Distributors. 31 p. No.: Indonesian 27 A short publication written in English by the Australian left-wing activist Gerald Kingsford Peel. Pro-Indonesian independence and against Dutch imperialism.

[1945.] Hands off Indonesia. Sydney: s.n. 15 p. No.: Indonesian 28 A pamphlet written in English, encouraging Australians to support Indonesia’s independence from the Netherlands.

7.3. Ernst Frederik Wiggers 1892. Barang rahsia dari astana Konstantinopel: Riwajat waktoe sekarang (tersalin dari Kitab bahasa Wolanda) [‘The secrets of the court of Constantinople: A contemporary story (translated from a Dutch book)’]. Batavia: Albrecht & Russche. 8 vols. No.: Indonesian 45 Aval.: L(complete), HBJ The name of the translator is not given, but can be identified as the Eurasian author Ernst Frederik Wiggers (1839-1895) (Salmon 1979: 66). The original work is the 1876 German novel Der Türkenkaiser und seine Feinde oder die Geheimnisse des Hofes von Konstantinopel: Roman aus der Jetztzeit ‘The Turkish emperor and his enemies, or the secrets of the court of Constantinople: Novel from the present time’ by Georg Füllborn (1837-1902). The Malay text is probably a translation of the book’s Dutch version, written under the pseudonym George F. Born, titled De verborgenheden van het hof van Constantinopel. Historische roman uit den tegenwoordigen tijd ‘The secrets of the court of Constantinople. Historical roman from the present time’. Constantinople (Stamboel) exerted a strong attraction to the Netherlands Indies popular imagination. This Malay translation inspired theatre performances from the late nineteenth century (Formichi 2015: 244). Contents: Vol. 1 pp. 1-80 Vol. 4 pp. 781-960 Vol. 8 pp. 1537-1682

7.4. Ferdinand Wiggers [1910-1911.] Raden Adjeng Aidali: Soeatoe tjerita jang kedjadian di tanah Djawa [‘Raden Ajeng Aidali: A story that took place in Java’] Batavia: Taman Sari. 683 p. No.: Indonesian 67 Aval.: L, AL(vol. 1)

The third volume of a popular novel that critically addressed the social position of indigenous women in the Netherlands Indies society. Its author, Ferdinand Wiggers (1862-1912), was the son of the aforementioned Ernst Frederik Wiggers. Contents: No. 3 (pp. 449-683)

7.5. Marah Rusli bin Abu Bakar 1922. Kasjim Effendi: Soeatoe tjerita jang terdjadi dalem waktoe paperangan antara Griekenland dengen kaoem kemal [‘Kasjim Effendi: A story that took place during the war between Greece and the Kemalists’]. Batavia: Tan Thian Soe. 117 p. No.: Indonesian 22 Aval.: Hathitrust(University of California) A book written in Sumatran Malay by the Minangkabau author “Mh. Roeslie”, the pen name of Marah Rusli bin Abu Bakar (1898-1968). The story revolves around the young Turkish man Kasjim Effendi (Kasım Efendi), whose father passed away during the First Balkan War (1912-1913). A recurring theme is the Turkish War of Independence (1919- 1923), during which Kemal Basja (Mustafa Kemal Paşa) fought against the Greeks. It is not immediately clear whether this book is based on an earlier text. This book is not well-known; it is not mentioned in Formichi (2015).

7.6. Muriel Stuart Walker [1947.] Sourabaya Sue’s inside story of Indonesia. Sydney: s.n. 16 p. No.: Indonesian 30 Last two pages missing A pamphlet by the Scottish-American radio broadcaster Muriel Stuart Walker (1898- 1997), better known under the names “K’tut Tantri”, “Ketoet Tantry”, or “Sourabaya Sue”, among others. The text was written to generate Australian support for Indonesia’s independence struggle. For more information, see Lindsey (2008).

7.7. Soetan Kabidoen & Said 1948. Koentoem Delima: Koempoelan beberapa tjeritera [‘Pomegranate bud: A collection of various stories’]. Jakarta: Balai Poestaka. Fifth print. 88 p. No: Indonesian 19 A collection of traditional stories in Sumatran Malay, accompanied with 11 pictures. The author Soetan Kabidoen has also written a book in his native Mandailing language titled Ngada niambang: Hobaran di hata Mandailing ‘Unexpected: A tale in Mandailing’ (Soetan Kabidoen 1929).

7.8. Walter Raleigh [1917.] The Faith of England: An address to the Union Society of University College, London. Delivered March 22 1917 by Sir Walter Raleigh. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 24 p. No.: Indonesian 11 A well-known speech by the English poet and scholar Sir Walter Alexander Raleigh (1861-1922). In most libraries, this item is catalogued as “The faith of England, an address”.

APPENDIX 1: AUTHORS The Chinese characters are largely taken from Salmon (1981).

Auw Ing Kiong 區英強 Bie Djin Kee Chen Foo Chen 陳撫辰 Go Swie Tjhiang Han Bing Hwie Ho Nai Ch’uan 何乃全 Jap King Hong Kho Soen Keng Khoe Soe Khiam 丘思謙 Kwee Khay Khee 郭開溪 Kwee Kheng Liong 郭慶隆 Kwee Seng Tjoan 郭成全 Kwee Tek Hoay 郭德懷 Kwee Yat Nio 郭悦娘 Lauw Thiambie 劉添美 Lie In Eng 李雲英 Lie Kim Hok 李金福 Lie Tjoei Khia 李水奇 Liem Tji Khay Lim Ho Hin Lim Khoen Giok 林昆玉 Njoo Cheong Seng 楊章生 Njoo Joe Tik Ong Ham Tjioe Phoa Kok Tjoe Phoa Tjoen Hoaij 潘俊懷 Pouw Eng Tian Sioe Djip Ong Sioe Pek Soey Tan Boen Kim 陳文金 Tan Kian Hok Tan Moh Goan Tan Tjhan Hie 陳燦熙 Thio Sing Liong Tjan Hoat Kie Tjie Tjin Koey Tjiong Hok Long 鍾福龍 Tjoa King Loen Yo Pek Soen

APPENDIX 2: PUBLISHERS The Chinese characters are largely taken from Zheng (1932).

Ang Sioe Tjing 洪秀珍 Goan Bie Hoo Goan Hong 羱豐 Ho Lie Hoa Siang In Kiok 華商印局 IJap Goan Ho Hoakiao 華僑 Java Ien Boe Kongsie Kho Tjeng Bie 高正美 Kwee Khay Khee 郭開溪 Lie Tek Long 李德郎 Lim Bok Sioe 林木秀 Oeij Tjaij Hin Sin Po 新報 Tan Thian Soe Tan’s Drukkerij 陳印務館 Tiong Hwa 中華 Tjiong Eng Lok Tjiong Koen Bie 鍾昆美 Tjoa Hin Hoey

APPENDIX 3: LIST OF UNIQUE MATERIALS The following publications, which have been discussed in more detail above, appear to be unique to the Fisher Library’s Kwee Collection:

“Kamadjoean”, 1932. Kamadjoean’s Ilmoe pridato dan Tentang perkoempoelan [‘The Kamadjoean Art of giving speeches, and On meetings’]. Semarang: Kamadjoean. Third print. 39 p. Anon., 1915. Boekoe tjerita dahoeloe kala di negri Tiongkok menjeritaken Haij Soeij alias Kong Hong djaman Keizer Ban Lek Koen merk Taij Beng Tiauw jang ber-alamat Siauw Ang Pauw [‘A book of ancient stories from China about Hai Rui or Gangfeng under the Wanli Emperor during the Ming Dynasty titled Small Scarlet Robe’]. Sukabumi: Goan Bie Hoo. Second print [1893] Anon., 1958. Sekolah Seni Tari Ati Soedibjo Dj. Singamangaraja Kebajoran Baru mempersembahkan: Malam tari-tarian di Gedung Kesenian Pasar Baru [‘The Dance School Ati Soedibjo Dj. Singamangaraja Kebajoran Baru presents: An evening of dance in the Pasar Baru Art Gallery’] Auw Ing Kiong, 1942. Koen-Tjoe atawa Seorang jang pambeknja tinggi. [‘A gentleman, or person of high character’]. [Surakarta:] Populair Solo. 29 p. Chun Foo Chun, 1915. Homaro: Hatoeran oentoek memake akan roepa-roepa obat; atawa Penoendjoek roepa-roepa penjakit dan obatnja terpetik dari boekoe Tsen Tzi Tjeh Yao hoeroef Tiong Hoa [‘Homaro: Guidelines for various medicines: Instructions on several diseases and their medicines quoted from the book Tsen Tzi Tjeh Yao written in the Chinese script’]. Batavia: Lim Bok Sioe. 62 p. Kwee Khay Khee, 1916. Boekoe tjerita Tiong Kok Lek Soe: Babad Azia [‘Story book of Chinese history: The Chronicle of Asia’]. Malang: Kwee Khay Khee. Vol. 1. 84+ p. Kwee Tek Hoay, 1961. Udjar2 emas (Goldenverses) dari Nabi Khong Hu Tju dalam Kitab Lun Gie [‘The Golden Verses of Confucius in the Analects’]. [Surakarta: Swastika] Revised edition [1949]. 104 p. Phoa Kok Tjoe & Bie Djin Kee, 191X. [Si bodok sama si tjerdik dengan tjerita boeat meliwati tempo jang senggang baiklah batja ini tjerita jang bagoes.] [‘The Dumb and the Smart in a story to pass the free time; A nice story to read’] Batavia: Lie Tek Long. 80 p. Tan Boen Kim, 1915. Njai Aisah atawa Djadi korban dari rasia: Soeatoe tjerita jang betoel soeda terdjadi di Betawi pada achirnja taon 1914 (Samboengan tjerita Nona Fientje de Feniks) [‘Lady Aisah, The victim of a secret: A story that really happened in Batavia at the end of 1914’]. Batavia: G. Kolff. Second print. 122 p. Tjiong Hok Long, 19XX. Hong Kiam Tjoen Tjioe [‘The Spring and Autumn of Spears and Swords’]

REFERENCES Daum, Paulus Adrianus, 1890. H. van Brakel, ing. B.O.W. Leiden: Sijthoff. Formichi, Chiara, 2015. ‘Indonesian readings of Turkish history, 1890s to 1940s.’ In: A.C.S. Peacock & Annabel Teh Gallop (eds.), From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks and Southeast Asia, pp. 242-59. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hellwig, Tineke, 2012. Women and Malay Voices: Undercurrent Murmurings in Indonesia's Colonial Past. New York: Peter Lang. J.S.H., 1911. Sair orang pemaentoppan; Sair orang prampoean jang gila tjapdjiki; Sair kartoe; Sair daon dan pantoen Si Nona Manis. Batavia: Kho Tjeng Bie Kwee John B., 1977. Chinese Malay literature of the Peranakan Chinese of Indonesia 1880- 1942. Auckland: University of Auckland. PhD dissertation. Lindsey, Timothy, 2008. The romance of K’tut Tantri and Indonesia. Jakarta / Kuala Lumpur: Equinox Publishing. Nio Joe Lan, 1962. Sastera Indonesia-Tionghoa. Jakarta: Gunung Agung. Salmon, Claudine, 1979. ‘Lawah-lawah merah ou “l’Araignée rouge”: Un “roman sino-malais” qui s’avère être la traduction d’un roman français.’ Archipel 17: 63-9. Salmon, Claudine, 1981. Literature in Malay by the Chinese of Indonesia: A provisional annotated bibliography. Paris: Études insulindiennes-Archipel. Salmon, Claudine (ed.), 1987. Literary migrations: Traditional Chinese fiction in Asia (17 – 20th centuries). Beijing: International Culture Publishing Corporation. Salmon, Claudine, 1991. ‘The Han family of East Java: Entrepreneurship and politics (18th- 19th centuries).’ Archipel 41: 53-87. Saputro, M. Endy, 2016. ‘Translating Bhagavad in diverse context: A Chinese-Indonesian account.’ Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 26/2: 134-43. Sidharta, Myra (ed.), 1989. 100 tahun Kwee Tek Hoay: Dari penjaja tekstil sampai ke pendekar pena. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. Soetan Kabidoen, 1929. Ngada niambang: Hobaran di hata Mandailing. Weltevreden: Bale Poestaka. Watson, Cyril William, 1974. ‘Sair Nona Fientje de Feniks: An example of popular Indonesian fiction in the first quarter of the century.’ Asian Survey 12/1: 119-36. Zheng Muqiao (鄭慕僑), 1932. The New Commercial Directory of the Dutch East Indies of 1932 (荷屬東印度商業名錄). Batavia: Nam Tiong Boek Handel.