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Discourses Exploring the Space Between Tradition and Modernity in Indonesia
In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA i Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 72 Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1987 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1982 Tentang Hak Cipta 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) atau Pasal 49 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah). 2. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan atau menjual kepada umum suatu ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). ii In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA Editorial Board: Hermanu Joebagio, Frank Dhont Pramudita Press iii In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia 29 – 30 July 2015 Organized by: Sebelas Maret University and International Indonesia Forum DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA Editorial Board: Hermanu Joebagio, Frank Dhont Paper Contributor: -
Katalog-Lontar-2019 Prev.Pdf
2019 LONTAR CATALOGUE 2019 THE LONTAR FOUNDATION Since its establishment in 1987, the Lontar Foundation of Jakarta has carried on its shoulders the mission of improving international awareness of Indonesian literature and culture, primarily throught the publication of Indonesian literary translations. Lontar’s Publications Division, the backbone of the organization, has the significant task of determining which literary works are to be translated so as to reflect Indonesia’s cultural wealth. The Lontar Foundation publishes books under four imprints: Lontar, BTW, Amanah, and Godown. All titles released prior to 2002 (when Godown and Amanah were established) carried the Lontar imprint. TABLE OF CONTENTS Titles released under the Lontar imprint are primarily translations of Indonesian literature. (Exceptions include large-format books that embody Lontar’s mission of enhancing international knowledge of Indonesian culture.) Most Lontar titles are intended for general THE LONTAR FOUNDATION AND ITS IMPRINTS i reading pleasure and for use in teaching courses on Indonesian literature and culture. Lontar TITLES 2 The Modern Library of Indonesia 2 Historical Anthologies 11 Titles in the BTW series—with “BTW” standing for “by the way,” as Other Literary Translations 13 in “by the way, have you heard about such and such an author?”— Special Publications 15 feature work by new and emerging Indonesian writers. This series of Wayang Educational Package 16 mini-books is aimed at publishers, editors, and literary critics. BTW BOOKS SERIES #1 18 Under its Amanah imprint, Lontar publishes Indonesian-language BTW BOOKS SERIES #2 23 titles that Lontar itself has put together in the course of developing an English-language publication. -
Phd Thesis Tamara Aberle
Socially-engaged theatre performances in contemporary Indonesia Tamara Alexandra Aberle Royal Holloway, University of London PhD Thesis 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Tamara Alexandra Aberle, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: ______________________ Date: ________________________ 2 Abstract This thesis argues that performances of contemporary theatre in Indonesia are socially- engaged, actively creating, defining and challenging the socio-political environment, and that theatre practitioners are important members of a vibrant civil society who contribute and feel actively committed to democratic processes. Following an initial chapter about the history of modern theatre from the late 19th century until the fall of President Suharto in 1998, the four core chapters centre on four different aspects of contemporary Indonesian socio-politics: historical memory and trauma, violence and human rights, environmentalism, and social transition. Each of these chapters is preceded by an introduction about the wider historical and socio-political context of its respective discourse and is followed by an analysis of selected plays. Chapter 2 focuses on historical trauma and memory, and relates the work of two theatre artists, Papermoon Puppet Theatre and Agus Nur Amal (a.k.a. PM Toh), to processes seeking truth and reconciliation in Indonesia in the post-Suharto era. Chapter 3, on violence and human rights, discusses the works of Ratna Sarumpaet and B. Verry Handayani, with a specific focus on human trafficking, sexual exploitation, and labour migration. Chapter 4 discusses environmentalism on the contemporary stage. It investigates the nature of environmental art festivals in Indonesia, taking Teater Payung Hitam’s 2008 International Water Festival as an example. -
Cover Page the Handle
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/30115 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Suryadi Title: The recording industry and ‘regional’ culture in Indonesia : the case of Minangkabau Issue Date: 2014-12-16 Glossary adaik / adat FORKASMI custom, tradition associated with a particular ethnicity abbreviation of Forum Komunikasi Artis dan Seniman Minang (Communication Forum for Minangkabau Adat Perpatih Artists), an organization of Minangkabau artists in customary law practised in Malaysia’s state of Negeri Pekanbaru, Riau Sembilan, brought in from Sumatra as early as the 14th century, covering broad areas of daily life, including gamaik /gamad the selection of leaders through a democratic process, song genre that incorporates elements drawn from marriage laws, and community cooperation and rules Portuguese and other Western music, and from the Indian, Niasan, and Minangkabau communities in the alam takambang jadi guru port of Padang; it is a duet between a male and a female the whole of nature becomes the teacher: Minangkabau singer, who avoid physically touching each other. life philosophy Its song lyrics are mostly composed in allegoric and metaphoric pantun verses, and tend to be romantic and ASIRINDO nostalgic in character abbreviation of Asosiasi Industri Rekaman Indonesia (Association of Indonesian Recording Industries), gandang which has branches in several provinces, including West two-headed drum Sumatra goyang ngebor Bahasa Minangkabau Umum erotic dance with special ‘drilling’ (ngebor) movements a dialect of the Minangkabau language used in urban centres like Padang, as a medium of communication harato pusako tinggi among Minangkabau from various areas of West Sumatra heirlooms, especially land, incorporated into the holdings of an extended matrilineal family bansi a small end-blown bamboo flute (e.g. -
Identity, Minority, and the Idea of a Nation: a Closer Look at Frieda (1951) by Dr
Vol. 1 Journal of Korean and Asian Arts SPRING 2020 Identity, Minority, and the Idea of a Nation: a Closer Look at Frieda (1951) by Dr. Huyung Umi Lestari / Universitas Multimedia Nusantara 【Abstract】 The discourse on film nasional (national film) in Indonesia always started by bringing up Darah dan Doa (1950, Blood and Prayer) as the foundation of the Indonesian film industry. The prominent film historian, Misbach Yusa Biran, stated that Darah dan Doa was produced with national consciousness value. The legacy of Darah dan Doa was not only neglecting the role of filmmakers from pre-Independence in Indonesia but also the role of other filmmakers during the 1950s, including Dr. Huyung. Previously, Dr. Huyung (Hinatsu Eitaro /Hŏ Yŏng) came from Korea and became a supporter of Imperial Japan during World War II. After Indonesia gained her independence, Huyung joined Berita Film Indonesia and became a film teacher at the Cine Drama Institute and Kino Drama Atelier. It was there that they then went on to make Frieda (1951), Bunga Rumah Makan (1951, The Flower of the Restaurant), Kenangan Masa (1951, Memories of the Past), and Gadis Olahraga (1951, the Sportswoman). This article discusses 'unity in diversity', a concept in filmmaking that was started by Huyung in 1949. When discussing Darah and Doa as the first film nasional, people forget that the film is driven from the military perspective. Meanwhile, Huyung tried to represent an ethnic minority in Frieda and showing that the ordinary people and the intellectuals also shaped the nation. Based on his experience in the Japanese army and Berita Film Indonesia, Huyung understood that film was very useful in achieving the goals of the state apparatus, due to the cinema's ability to spread nationalism. -
World Cinema Foundation, Sinematek Indonesia
65th FESTIVAL DE CANNES (16 - 27 MAY 2012) OFFICIAL SELECTION – CANNES CLASSICS Lewat Djam Malam (After the Curfew) (1954) Kalpana (1948) Contact Info: 110 W. 57th Street, 5th Floor New York, NY 10019, USA www.worldcinemafoundation.org - [email protected] LEWAT DJAM MALAM (After the Curfew) Written by Usmar ISMAIL, Asrul SANI Director of Photography Max TERA Set Deisgner Abdul CHALID Original Music G.R.W. SINSU Sound B. SALTZMANN Editing SUMARDJONO Production PERSARI, PERFINI Starring A.N. ALCAFF(Iskandar), Netty HERAWATY (Norma), R.D. ISMAIL (Gunawan) Running Time 101’ Year of Production 1954 Country of Production INDONESIA Language INDONESIAN From NATIONAL MUSEUM OF SINGAPORE, WORLD CINEMA FOUNDATION, SINEMATEK INDONESIA Restored in 2012 by the National Museum of Singapore and the World Cinema Foundation, with support from the Konfiden Foundation and Kineforum of the Jakarta Arts Council. The restoration work was conducted by Cineteca di Bologna/L'Immagine Ritrovata Laboratory from original film elements preserved at the Sinematek Indonesia. Special thanks to the Usmar Ismail family. ABOUT THE FILM Lewat Djam Malam (After the Curfew) is a passionate work looking directly at a crucial moment of conflict in Indonesian history: the aftermath of the four-year Republican revolution which brought an end to Dutch rule. This is a visually and dramatically potent film about anger and disillusionment, about the dream of a new society cheapened and misshapen by government repression on the one hand and bourgeois complacency on the other. The film’s director, Usmar Ismail, is generally considered to be the father of Indonesian cinema, and his entire body of work was directly engaged with ongoing evolution of Indonesian society. -
The Panji Story: from Version to Version *) by Triyono
The Panji Story: From Version to Version *) by Triyono Bramantyo Indonesian Institute of the Arts (ISI) Yogyakarta, Indonesia Introduction A monument that was erected during the reign of King Dyah Balitung of Central Java dating from approximately 907 CE (Ministry of Education and Culture 1983-1984, 2) provides the oldest written record of a wayang performance, which was based on the Mahabharata epic tale. The Ramayana was also an important source in the development of the performing arts in the early civilization of Java. The history of the Ramayana dates back to approximately the 5th-4th century BCE. It is believed that the original version of the story is Valmiki’s Ramayana. Some cultural evidence suggests that the Ramayana predates the Mahabharata. Regardless of which tale appeared first, these two important Indian literary works have been adapted to many forms in Javanese performing arts and in those of the rest of Southeast Asia: the Javanese Ramayana, the Javanese Mahabharata (in various forms of puppetry), the Balinese Ramayana, the Phra Lak Phra Lam of Laos, the Hikayat Seri Rama of Malaysia, the Ramakien of Thailand, the Yama Zatdaw of Myanmar, etc. Alongside the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, there is a local Javanese cycle called the Story of Panji, which, according to C.C. Berg’s work Inleiding tot de Studie van het Oud-Javaansch (1928), was disseminated in the year of Pamalayu (1277 CE). Purbatjaraka, an expert on the Panji cycles, writes: “[…] the writing of the early Panji story was during the supremacy of the Majapahit Kingdom” (Purbatjaraka 1968, 404). The Story of Panji subsequently spread throughout the Southeast Asian region, including present-day Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and Laos, and has been adapted to a variety of performing arts. -
Pelaksanaan Program Kehumasan Dalam Rangka Peningkatan Partisipasi Masyarakat Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Piri 1 Yogyakarta
PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KEHUMASAN DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PIRI 1 YOGYAKARTA SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Oleh Istiqomah NIM 12101241026 PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN JURUSAN ADMINISTRASI PENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA JANUARI 2017 PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KEHUMASAN DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PIRI 1 YOGYAKARTA SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Oleh Istiqomah NIM 12101241026 PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN JURUSAN ADMINISTRASI PENDIDIKAN FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA JANUARI 2017 i PERSETUJUAN *PELAKSANAAN Skripsi yang berjudul PROGRAM SAN DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAT{ PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEIURUAN PIRI I YOGYAKARTA" yang disusun oleh Istiqomalq NIM 12101241026 ini telah disetujui oleh dosen pembimbing untuk diujikan. 15 November 2A16 A.J., M.Pd. 199903 t 002 11 SURAT PERNYATAAI\I Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini benar-benar karya saya sendiri. Sepanjang pengetahuan saya tidak terdapat karya atau pendap at yangditulis atau diterbitkan orang lain, kecuali dengan acuan atau kutipan dengan mengikuti tata penulisan karya ilmiah yang telah lazim. Tanda tangan dosen penguji yang tertera dalam halaman pengesahan adalah asli. Jika tidak asli, saya menerima sanksi ditunda yudisium pada periode berikutnya. Yogyakarta, 5 I amtarl_ 2017 Yang menyatakan, W Istiqomah NrM 12101241026 lll MOTTO Dan bahwasannya seorang manusia tiada memperoleh selain apa yang telah diusahakannya. (Q.S. An Najm: 39) Setiap orang boleh memiliki harapan yang menjadi harapan orang lain, namun kita harus mewujudkannya dengan usaha keras sendiri. -
Indonesia Imprint ( 1942 - 1945 )
INDONESIA IMPRINT ( 1942 - 1945 ) DAFTAR MICROFISHES INDONESIA IMPRINTS ( 1942 - 1945 ) Indonesian Imprints during the Japanese occuption 1942 - 1945 . Selected from the checklist by Dr. Jhon Echols ( 1963 ), and Filmed from the Cornell Library Collection on 547 Microfishes KURUN WAKTU URAIAN KEGIATAN NO. BOKS Adinegoro. D. 1904 , comp. Kamoes bahasa Indonesia - Nippon dan Nippon - 1942 - 1945 - 1 Indonesia . Medan , 2602. 101 . 197 p. JE 2. AKIMOTO. S Keluarga dan roemah tangga Nippon . Disalin dengan Merdeka .. 1942 - 1945 - Oleh Tun sri Lenang . ( Medan ) Departemen Keboedayaan Soematra Timoer . 1 2604. 62p . JE 3. AMBRI. M. Comp. Dongeng - dongeng Sasakala, Kenging ngempelken Moh. - Ambri . Djakarta , Gunseikanbu Kokumin Toshokyoku ( Balai Pustaka ) 2604 2v. ( 1 1942 - 1945 B .P 1517 0 . 1, 32P . JE 6. AMRULLAH, A.M.K Hadji . 1908 Islam di Soematra . Oleh Hamka . Medan , 1942 - 1945 - 1 Badan Pembangoenan Semangat Islam (2605 ) 37 P. JE 6 ARIFIN H.N . Poelau Darah ; Keboesaan bangsa Belanda memboenoeh bangsa 1942 - 1945 - mentawai, Oleh Hasan Noel Arifin . Medan Poestaka Antara ( 2604 ) . 32 P 1 st 1 ad. JE 7 ASIA - RAYA : oentoek memperingati enam boelan balatentara Dai -Nippon melindoengi Indonesia . ( Nomer istimewa ini diselenggarakan oleh Winarno , - 1 Anjar Asmara dan Kamadjaja . Jakarta, 2602 1v. ( unpaged : 162p ) illus . On 1942 - 1945 Spine : nomer istimewa , September 2602 ) = ( 1942 ) . JE 8 ASIA - RAYA : 1 tahoen nimer peringatan .( Djakarta , 2603 ) 1 v . ( unpanged ) : 1942 - 1945 - 1 108 p) . Illuas . JE 9. ASIKIN WIDJAYA KUSUMAH, D. Raden, 1891 - Diagnoda - Kimia dan 1942 - 1945 - tafsirkliniknja. Oleh R.D Asikin W.K dan Ahmad Ramali . Djakarta Gunseikanbu 1 Kokumin Tosyokyoku, 2605 . V .1 ( 235 p ) illus JE 10 ASJ-SJU'LLAH . -
Penulis: Mahasiswa Peserta Mata Kuliah Sejarah Sosial Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Sanata Dharma Angkatan 2015
Penulis: Mahasiswa Peserta Mata Kuliah Sejarah Sosial Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Sanata Dharma Angkatan 2015 Editor: Hendra Kurniawan Agatha Cristhy Leatemia Mengulas yang Terbatas, Menafsir yang Silam Copyright © CV Jejak, 2017 Penulis: Mahasiswa Peserta Mata Kuliah Sejarah Sosial Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Sanata Dharma Angkatan 2015 ISBN: 978-602-61880-4-5 Editor: Hendra Kurniawan Agatha Cristhy Leatemia Penyunting dan Penata Letak: Tim CV Jejak Desain Sampul: Meditation Art Sumber Foto: Dokumentasi Tropenmuseum, National Museum of World Cultures – Amsterdam (http://www.tropenmuseum.nl) Penerbit: CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher) Redaksi: Jln. Bojong genteng Nomor 18, Kec. Bojong genteng Kab. Sukabumi, Jawa Barat 43353 Web : www.jejakpublisher.com E-mail : [email protected] Facebook : Jejak Publisher Twitter : @JejakPublisher WhatsApp : +6285771233027 Cetakan Pertama, Juli 2017 250 halaman; 14 x 20 cm Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang Dilarang memperbanyak maupun mengedarkan buku dalam bentuk dan dengan cara apapun tanpa ijin tertulis dari penerbit maupun penulis 2 | Antusiasme mahasiswa -orang muda- saat mengikuti perkuliahan Sejarah Sosial pada semester genap 2016/2017 memberi suntikan semangat untuk mendorong mereka berlatih menulis. Kebetulan, sebagai mata kuliah pilihan, jumlah mahasiswa tidak terlalu banyak sehingga memungkinkan pendampingan secara intensif. Maka perkuliahan dikemas agar tidak hanya teoretis namun juga praktik penulisan (historiografi) sejarah sosial. Setelah beberapa kali pertemuan, konsultasi dan revisi sana- sini, akhirnya diperoleh 21 tulisan sejarah sosial dengan beragam topik. Aneka ragam topik ini dikelompokkan ke dalam lima tema: budaya dan kearifan lokal; industri, kaum marginal, dan masalah kota; transportasi dan angkutan; olahraga dan kesehatan; serta media massa dan hiburan. Seluruhnya didokumentasikan dalam buku bertajuk “Mengulas yang Terbatas, Menafsir yang Silam”. -
Profil Penerima
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Profil Penerima ANUGERAH KEBUDAYAAN DAN PENGHARGAAN MAESTRO SENI TRADISI 2 17 Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2017 Profil Penerima ANUGERAH KEBUDAYAAN DAN PENGHARGAAN MAESTRO SENI TRADISI 2017 Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2017 Untuk kalangan sendiri Tidak untuk diperjualbelikan i TIM PENYUSUN PROFIL PENERIMA PENGHARGAAN KEBUDAYAAN TAHUN 2017 Pengarah: Nadjamuddin Ramly Penanggung Jawab: Yayuk Sri Budi Rahayu Penulis: Binsar Simanullang Dewi Nova Wahyuni Retno Raswati Willy Hangguman Mohamad Atqa Aan Rukmana Desy Wulandari Frans Ekodhanto Purba Dita Darfianti Yusuf Susilo Rini Suryati Hilmi Setiawan Dian Warastuti Kameramen: Saiful Mujab Simbul Sagala Moch. Saleh M. Rully Agus Purna Irawan Fotografer: Dede Semiawan Rachmat Gunawan Yoki Rendra P. Editor: Kenedi Nurhan Sekretariat dan Pengolah Data : Richard Antoni Rizky Ernandi Jatmiko Hari Wibowo Haris Dwijayanto Liza Ariesta Yohanes Redi Luciano Layout & Desain Cover: Tasman ii KATA PENGANTAR Kalaulah bukan karena tinta Takkan kugubah sebuah puisi Kalaulah bukan karena cinta Takkan bersua pada Anugerah Kebudayaan ini Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Saat ini pengaruh globalisasi dan media informasi sangat dahsyat menerpa kehidupan kita. tanpa proses penyaringan tanpa peresapan yang matang akan berakibat pada perubahan sikap dan perilaku yang mempengaruhi karakter dan budaya bangsa. Bertolak dari situasi ini, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Cq Direktorat Warisan Dan Diplomasi Budaya, telah memfokuskan program-program kegiatannya pada arah penguatan karakter bangsa, dengan melakukan penanaman dan persemaian atau internalisasi nilai–nilai budaya. Penganugerahan kebudayaan yang kita lakukan setiap tahun adalah salah satu bentuk penguatan karakter bangsa, dengan melakukan penanaman dan persemaian atau internalisasi nilai – nilai budaya. -
Ethnic Chinese Film Producers in Pre-Independence Cinema Charlotte SETIJADI Singapore Management University, [email protected]
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Research Collection School of Social Sciences School of Social Sciences 9-2010 Imagining “Indonesia”: Ethnic Chinese film producers in pre-independence cinema Charlotte SETIJADI Singapore Management University, [email protected] Thomas BARKER National University of Singapore DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/ac.21.2.25_1 Follow this and additional works at: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the Film and Media Studies Commons Citation SETIJADI, Charlotte, & BARKER, Thomas.(2010). Imagining “Indonesia”: Ethnic Chinese film producers in pre-independence cinema. Asian Cinema, 21(2), 25-47. Available at: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/2784 This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Social Sciences at Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Collection School of Social Sciences by an authorized administrator of Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. For more information, please email [email protected]. Asian Cinema, Volume 21, Number 2, September 2010, pp. 25-47(23) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/ac.21.2.25_1 25 Imagining “Indonesia”: Ethnic Chinese Film Producers in Pre-Independence Cinema Charlotte Setijadi-Dunn and Thomas Barker Introduction – Darah dan Doa as the Beginning of Film Nasional? In his 2009 historical anthology of filmmaking in Java 1900-1950, prominent Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran writes that although production of locally made films began in 1926 and continued until 1949, these films were not based on national consciousness and therefore could not yet be called Indonesian films.