A-2 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
The Ohio Academy of Science Online payment option 122nd Annual Meeting http://ohiosci.org/ index_store.html
Hosted by Saturday, April 6: Registration in the center lobby of The University of Findlay 300 Davis Street Building. 300 Davis Street Findlay OH 45840 7:30 AM-2:00 PM. On-site registration at a higher April 6, 2013 rate by check, VISA, or MasterCard. We discourage cash. Theme: Interdisciplinary Teaching and Scholarship in Support of STEMM Education PARKING ON CAMPUS: Watch for signs and see map in program. Please park in lots on the north or ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING south side of 300 Davis Street Building, 300 Davis The Ohio Academy of Science’s Annual Meeting is Street, Findlay OH 45840. for academic, governmental, and industry scientists and engineers, university and pre-college educators SMOKING POLICY: Smoking is not permitted in and teachers, and pre-college, undergraduate, and graduate any building. students, and interested lay citizens in the Ohio region. HOUSING: See options: http://www.tripadvisor. Welcome! com/Hotels-g50336-Findlay_Ohio-Hotels.html The University of Findlay welcomes you to the 122nd Annual Meeting of The Ohio Academy of Science. MEALS: Saturday, April 6 We invite you to explore our campus and to share in Lunch tickets for the dining hall may be pre-ordered the excitement and opportunities provided in this with registration for $8.00 each and may be picked up program. at registration table. Lunch can also be purchased at the dining hall the day of the meeting, but at a higher REGISTRATION rate. See registration desk for a list of off-campus Registration is required for all meeting presenters restaurants. and attendees. On-site registration will be available at a higher rate. The Ohio Academy of Science GENERAL SCHEDULE must receive forms by March 29, 2013. Please use Registration Form on the last page. Mail completed Friday, April 5, 2013 form and fee to: 3:00 PM-5:00 PM Board of Trustees Meeting The Ohio Academy of Science GFAP Mazza Conference OAS Annual Meeting Registration Room. PO Box 12519 Columbus OH 43212-0519 Saturday, April 6, 2013
FAX 614.488.7629 (for Credit Card or PO only) 7:30 AM-2:00 PM Meeting Registration in center lobby of 300 Davis Registration by credit card or purchase order only Street Building will be accepted by FAX at 614. 488.7629. Your registration materials, receipt, and name tag will 9:00 AM-11 :00 AM Morning Podium and Poster be ready at the meeting registration desk upon Sessions in 300 West Davis your arrival. For further information, please call Street Building 614.488.2228. Posters 1-30 on the first floor and 31-60 on floor 2. An Adobe PDF form is available at: http: //www. ohiosci.org/FindlayRegistrationForm.pdf VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A3
11:15AM All-Academy Lecture Our Institutional Host Alumni Memorial Union Multi-Purpose Room he University of Findlay is a flexible, Tforward-looking institution that is constantly seeking ways to better serve students and the community. In today’s fast-paced world, Findlay is continually adapting programs and teaching methods to meet the needs of current students who are preparing for tomorrow’s careers.
Education at The University of Findlay is offered in formats that accommodate students of all ages and their time-pressured lifestyles. In addition to traditional weekday classes, Findlay offers courses at
Photo by Cynthia Stalker night, on weekends and online.
The Poisoner’s Handbook The University of Findlay has nearly 60 majors leading to baccalaureate degrees and offers eight eborah Blum is the Pulitzer Prize–winning master’s degrees, a doctor of pharmacy and a doctor Dauthor of five books, most recentlyThe Poisoner’s of physical therapy. Unusual and well-recognized Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine programs include equestrian studies, pre- in Jazz Age New York, which was named as one of the veterinary medicine (animal science/pre-veterinary top one hundred books of 2010 by Amazon. A highly medicine option), nuclear medicine technology, acclaimed science journalist and former president of occupational therapy and physical therapy, as well the National Association of Science Writers, Deborah as environmental, safety and occupational health is also co-editor of A Field Guide for Science Writers. management. Her work has been translated into more than a dozen languages, optioned for film, and has appeared in Graduate programs offered include a master of arts numerous publications, including The New York in education, a master of arts in teaching English as a Times, Slate, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles second language (TESOL) and bilingual education, a Times, The Guardian, Discover, and Health. She also master of business administration, a master of athletic writes about chemistry and culture for the Public training, a master of occupational therapy, a master Library of Science at her blog, Speakeasy Science: of physician assistant, a master of health informatics http://blogs.plos.org/speakeasyscience/ and a master of science in environmental, safety and health management, as well as the doctor of pharmacy Deborah is the Helen Firstbrook Franklin Professor and doctor of physical therapy. of Journalism at the University of Wisconsin- Madison, where she teaches science writing, creative Faculty Host and Local Arrangements nonfiction, and literary journalism. Chair
12:15 PM Official Notice of Annual Business Dr. Brian Whitaker Meeting for Academy Members only Assistant Professor of Animal Sciences The University of Findlay 12:30 PM Lunch. Pre-ordered lunch tickets will be available at registration for dining in the Henderson Dining Hall
1 :30-3:00 PM Afternoon Poster Session in 300 Davis Street Building Posters 1-30 on the first floor and 31-60 on floor 2. A-4 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
The Ohio Journal of Science will become a r Increase the page charges from the current rate hybrid, Open Access publication. of $85/page ($120 for non-members) to $100/ page ($200 for non-members). Grandfather in with the old fee any manuscripts currently in review. We have not increased rates in many years; the new rates are substantially below most Open Access journals. See http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/ y unanimous vote on December 17, 2012, the scholarlycommunication/pdfs/oa_fees.pdf . Executive Committee approved moving The Ohio B r Retain the on-line layout/format essentially the same, Journal of Science to a hybrid model: Rapid publication, with some adjustments in type size and style for Open Access online articles plus an annual, single printed improved, on-line viewing. volume and an April Annual Meeting Program Abstracts r Retain copyright (except for government authors) to issue in print and online. articles but allow author posting and self-archiving, reprinting, and liberal reprinting without fee for According to Suber (2004; see end of this plan): non-commercial purposes and with permission of the Journal Editor. “Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free r Lift what has been a two-year embargo on the deposit of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing of the Journal for worldwide access on Knowledge restrictions. What makes it possible are the internet Bank at The Ohio State Universities Libraries. and the consent of the author or copyright-holder. See https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/686 . In most fields, scholarly journals do not pay authors, Individual articles would be transferred to Knowledge who can therefore consent to OA without losing Bank the same day that they go online, thus exposing revenue. In this respect, scholars and scientists are the articles almost immediately to Google Scholar® very differently situated from most musicians and and to other worldwide databases, archives and moviemakers, and controversies about OA to music and search engines such as those at Thompson-Reuters. movies do not carry over to research literature. Knowledge Bank archives—in full keyword OA is entirely compatible with peer review, and all searchable format—Adobe PDF files for all Journal the major OA initiatives for scientific and scholarly articles for the past 112 years. literature insist on its importance. Just as authors of r The new Journal would be full Open Access without journal articles donate their labor, so do most journal password permission. editors and referees participating in peer review.” Links to online directories of Open Access In brief, this plan recommends the following to begin journals: immediately for The Ohio Journal of Science: r Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ): Lists more than 3000 journals available as open access. r Continue the Journal as a peer-reviewed, refereed Accessed 14 January 2013 http://www.doaj.org/ article, multidisciplinary international publication. r Directory of Open Access and Hybrid Journals: Each The goal is to publish—as rapidly as possible— title listed in the directory indicates whether the original contributions to education, science, publisher allows authors to pay a publication fee to engineering, technology, or their applications. make an article immediately available. Accessed 14 r The Journal will consider solicited Book Reviews and January 2013 http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=subject Research Reviews, and unsolicited Brief Notes and &cpid=20&hybrid=1 Research Reports. r SHERPA/RoMEO: This directory lists publisher r Publish articles in Adobe PDF format online as soon copyright and self-archiving policies. Listings also as they are approved in page form. indicate whether the publisher has a "paid access" r Publish a single, annual printed volume that would option with direct links to the specific publisher accumulate articles previously published online in the policies on paid access. Accessed 14 January 2013 past 11 months. http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/ r Publish a printed Annual Meeting Program Abstracts issue and post immediately on-line as has been the practice. Reference r Accept full color illustrations in the Open Access Suber P. 2004. A Very Brief Introduction to Open Access. online version of the Journal but convert to B&W for Accessed 18 January 2013 http://www.earlham. the print version unless authors pay for full color costs edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm in the print version. VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A5
Brief Schedule of Abstracts Notes
See First Author index on page 39. and Fields of Interest index on page 39
9:00-11:00 AM Ecology Podium Session Room 1121 300 Davis Street Building Presiding: Dr. Danny Ingold See page 6.
9:00 – 11:00 AM Environmental Science & Other Topics Podium Session Room 1129 300 Davis Street Building Presiding: Dr. Michael Homsher See page 8.
9:00 – 11:00 AM Biology & Other Topics Podium Session Room 2232 300 Davis Street Building Presiding: T.B.A. See page 9.
Morning Poster Session 9:00 – 11:00 AM 300 Davis Street Building See page 11.
Afternoon Poster Session 1:30 – 3:30 PM 300 Davis Street Building See page 24.
NOTE: Posters 01-30 on the first floor. Posters 31-60 on the second floor. A-6 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
9:00-11:00 a.m. multivariate groups of sites based on the environmental and habitat data. ANOVA’s will be utilized to validate the VLJQLÀFDQFH RI WKHVH PXOWLYDULDWH DVVHPEODJHV ZLWK WKH Ecology Podium Session goal of highlighting locations with viable and impaired aquatic habitats. Room 1121 9:30 MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 300 Davis Street Building IN THE UPPER MAD RIVER WATERSHED: A TEST OF THE RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT Dawn T. DeColibus, d-decolibus@ Presiding: Dr. Danny Ingold onu.edu, Bethany J. Blakely, [email protected], (Leslie A. Riley, [email protected]), Department of Biological and 9:00 THE ROLE OF NITROGEN IN REGULATING THE CYA- Allied Health Sciences, Ada, OH 45810 NOTOXIN MICROCYSTIN IN LAKE ERIE. Justin D. Chaffin, [email protected], Thomas B. Bridgeman, Thomas.bridge- The River Continuum Concept (RCC) is a synthetic [email protected]. Department of Environmental Sciences framework that describes the function of lotic ecosystems and Lake Erie Center, University of Toledo, 6200 Bayshore from source to mouth based upon stream order and Rd. Oregon OH 43616. variable energy inputs. In general, the RCC predicts that small, headwater streams will rely heavily upon Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are often a result from eutro- allochthonous inputs (i.e. leaf litter), while autochthonous phication. The importance of nitrogen (N) in eutrophica- inputs (i.e. periphyton), will become more important as tion of freshwater is emerging. For example, low N con- stream order increases and riparian cover decreases. As centration constrains growth of summer cyanobacterial a result, the macroinvertebrate community should shift blooms in Lake Erie and many other lakes. Microcystin from one dominated by shredders in headwater streams is a common toxin produced by cyanobacteria associated to one dominated by grazers and collectors farther with blooms. Microcystin is a N-rich molecule, and thus, downstream. The Mad River, located in west-central Ohio, microcystin concentration should be constrained in low N served as the location of this study. To test the predictions waters. To investigate this hypothesis, 8 sites in Lake Erie of the RCC, three sites were chosen along the Mad River: were sampled monthly from July to October during 2011. WKH KHDGZDWHUV QHDU %HOOHIRQWDLQH D ÀUVW RUGHU VLWH Intergraded water samples (surface to near sediments; N 2) a site near Lippincott (a second order location) and = 36) from each site were analyzed for microcystin, N con- DVLWHQHDU&HGDU%RJZKHUHWKH0DG5LYHULVDWKLUG centration, and cyanobacteria biovolume. Microcystin was order stream. Macroinvertebrates at each site were greater than 1 μg/L in many samples and as high as 8.3 sampled with a Surber sampler and measured relevant μg/L. Nitrate was highest (> 75 μmol/L) during July, de- physical characteristics (e.g. width, depth and velocity). creased throughout the summer and was below detectable 0DFURLQYHUWHEUDWHVDUHFXUUHQWO\EHLQJVRUWHGLGHQWLÀHG limits in August. Ammonium showed no trends and was and placed into appropriate functional feeding groups. between 2 and 8 μmol/L in all samples. Microcystis was the Analyses will examine whether the dominant feeding GRPLQDQW F\DQREDFWHULXP ZKLOH WKH 1À[LQJ Anabaena groups changed from the upstream to the downstream site. was sub-dominant. Regression analysis revealed that mi- crocystin could be predicted from Anabaena biovolume (p < 9:45 INFLUENCE OF WOOD TYPE ON ALGAL AND 0.001; R2 = 0.773). Anabaena biovolume increased with am- MACROINVERTEBRATE COLONIZATION PATTERNS. Michael monium concentration (p = 0.003; R2 = 0.401). As a result of C. Taylor, [email protected], Nanami Akiyama, n-akiyama@ low nitrate the cyanobacterial blooms are constrained by N onu.edu, Ray G. Foster, [email protected], Amber R. Goforth, and the bloom shifts from Microcystis to Anabaena. These [email protected], (Leslie A. Riley, [email protected], Robert results indicate that Anabaena was the main microcystin G. Verb, [email protected], Department of Biological and Allied producer in Lake Erie. Furthermore, low N does not ap- Health Sciences, Ada, OH 45810. pear to affect microcystin concentration because Anabaena may use atmospheric N to support microcystin production. Woody debris plays numerous roles in aquatic systems including retention of particulate matter (e.g., detritus, 9:15 VARIATIONS IN PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND HABITAT sediments) and the provision of available habitat as VARIABLES IN THE UPPER MAD RIVER WATERSHED. Chad M. UHIXJLD DQG FDPRXÁDJH IRU DTXDWLF RUJDQLVPV LQFOXGLQJ Carroll, [email protected], Dawn T. DeColibus, d-decolibus@ LQYHUWHEUDWHVDQGÀVK:RRG\GHEULVDOVRSURYLGHVVWDEOH onu.edu, (Leslie A. Riley, [email protected] advisor, Robert VXEVWUDWH LQ DTXDWLF V\VWHPV WKDW FDQ DOORZ IRU ELRÀOP G. Verb, [email protected] advisor), Department of Biological colonization. Lotic systems of west-central Ohio received and Allied Health Sciences, Ada, OH 45817 DQ LQÁX[ RI ZRRG\ GHEULV DV D UHVXOW RI WKH -XQH derecho. As a result, the objectives of this investigation The Mad River is a unique, spring-fed, cold-water watershed ZHUHWZRIROG 'HWHUPLQHWKHLPSDFWRIGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRI located in the Till Plains of west-central Ohio. Mad River woody debris on algal and macroinvertebrate colonization watershed, with 657 square miles, is an important stream patterns and 2. Investigate the role of macroinvertebrates for anglers, with one of Ohio’s few lotic systems with cold- in shaping the epidendric algal community. Nine different ZDWHU JDPH ÀVK HJ %URZQ 7URXW 'HVSLWH WKH XQLTXH wood types, 8 native and 1 invasive (Acer saccharinum, nature of the water in the Mad River watershed, the water Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Juglans nigra, Maclura pomifera, TXDOLW\ VXIIHUV IURP VHYHUDO DQWKURSRJHQLF LQÁXHQFHV Platanus occidentalis, Populus deltoids, Quercus bicolor, including channelization, increased sedimentation, Ulmus rubra, Elaeagnus umbellata), were procured and cut and habitat degradation. The primary objective of this into 10-cm segments. Wood pieces were assigned to either a investigation was to survey selected sites along the upper caged (macroinvertebrate exclusion) or uncaged treatment. Mad River and its associated tributaries. In April 2012, A total of 432 wood segments were then submerged in 11 sites were visited and stream water was collected +RJ&UHHN $OOHQ&RXQW\2KLR IRUDPD[LPXPGXUDWLRQ IRU DQDO\VLV LQ WKH ÀHOG HJ S+ GLVVROYHG R[\JHQ DQG of eight weeks. Weekly, six segments of each wood type laboratory (e.g., nutrients). Furthermore, the stream (three caged, three uncaged) were extracted and processed channel was examined for physical properties (e.g., for epidendric algae and macroinvertebrates. Analysis thalweg depth, current velocity) and overall habitat utilizing exploratory analyses (e.g., PCA, CA) and 3-factor conditions. Preliminary principal components analyses ANOVA showed a consistent increase of diversity over LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH ÀUVW D[LV HLJHQYDOXH ZDV WLPH DQG D VLJQLÀFDQW GLIIHUHQFH DPRQJVW ZRRG W\SH EXW KHDYLO\ LQÁXHQFHG E\ SK\VLFDO YDULDEOHV VXFK DV VWUHDP only apparent in the Maclura pomifera which decreased width and water temperature. The second axis (eigenvalue diversity in the macroinvertebrate community. These = 7.19) was driven by variables such as current velocity, exploratory analyses showed a significant difference turbidity and nitrate. Additional multivariate techniques, amongst cage status over time in the diatom community. including cluster analysis, will be utilized to delineate Spearmen’s correlation test showed a weak positive VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A7 relationship between diatom diversity and invertebrate 10:30 INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN abundance. WATER LEVEL MANAGED AND UNMANAGED WETLANDS IN NORTHEREN OHIO. Scott T. Denham II stdenham@student. 10:00 DISTRIBUTIONS AND COMPOSITIONS OF ysu.edu. Carl F. Chuey, John D. Usis, Ian J. Renne 7360 West BENTHIC ALGAL COMMUNITIES IN THE UPPER MAD RIVER Boulevard Apt: 302, Boardman OH 44512 WATERSHED. Alexander R. Kneubehl, a-kneubehl@onu. edu, Dawn T. DeColibus, [email protected], Bethany J. Fluctuating water levels facilitate wetland plant invasion Blakely, [email protected], (Robert G. Verb, r-verb@onu. by providing suitable establishment conditions or inhibiting edu), Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, competition from native species not adapted to the new Ada OH 45810. conditions. This study compared invaded plant communities and cover in two water level managed wetlands, Mallard The upper Mad River watershed, located in the Till Club Wildlife Area (41º40’39”N,80º20’48”W) in Lucas Plains of west-central Ohio, is one of the few spring- County and Pickerel Creek Wildlife Area (41º24’33”N, fed, cold freshwater environments in the state. As a 82º55’34”W) in Sandusky County and unmanaged result, the organisms found here exist in a very different reference wetlands, Mill Creek Preserve (40º 59’ 25” N environment than other local warm water habitats. · µ : LQ 0DKRQLQJ &RXQW\ DQG /LWWOH %HDYHU 'HVSLWHWKHXQLTXHFROGZDWHUORWLFFRQGLWLRQVZLWKLQWKH Creek Greenway (40º52’00”N,80º46’32”W) in Columbiana watershed there still exist many anthropogenic pressures County. Comparing native and non-native responses can including riparian forest elimination, channelization, help determine whether these management techniques and habitat embeddedness. While limited surveys of the effectively control invasive species cover and which aquatic organisms of this watershed have been conducted, PD[LPL]HVQDWLYHSODQWGLYHUVLW\'LIIHUHQFHVLQK\GURORJLF little attention has been paid to the algal communities. regimes, soil conditions, invasive plant species cover and The focus of this investigation was twofold: 1. Survey the diversity in selected managed and non-managed wetlands SHULSK\WRQ VRIWERGLHGDOJDHDQGGLDWRPV 'HWHUPLQH were measured. The objective was to correlate invasive the relationship between the nature of these algal species cover and diversity among hydrologic regimes. communities and selected environmental parameters. Species richness and percent cover measurements were 'XULQJ$SULOHOHYHQVLWHVZHUHVDPSOHGWKUHHIURP taken in two 20 x 25m quadrats containing two 5m2 plots the Mad River itself, and eight from tributaries of the and six 1m2SORWVDWHDFKVWXG\VLWH8VLQJWKH'DXEHQPLUH Mad River. At each site, selected physical and chemical method for percent cover, invasive plant species diversity SDUDPHWHUV LH S+ WXUELGLW\ ZDWHU YHORFLW\ HOHPHQWDO within managed wetlands was higher than in reference concentrations, etc.) were collected, along with macroalgal wetlands by 30%. Reference wetlands had low percent HQWLWLHVDQGSHULSK\WRQFRPPXQLWLHVIURPULIÁHDQGSRRO cover of invasive species with a mean of 18.9% whereas habitats. To elucidate the relationship between the algal managed wetlands had a mean percent cover of 64.8%. communities and lotic conditions, exploratory analyses 0DMRULQYDVLYHVSHFLHVIRXQGLQWKHZDWHUÁRZPDQDJHG such as canonical correspondence analysis are being wetlands were Butomus umbellatus, Sagittaria latifolia utilized. and Typha angustifolia. This study recommends a FDUHIXOFRQVLGHUDWLRQRQÁXFWXDWLQJZDWHUOHYHOVVXFKDV length of inundation and time of year, to inhibit invasive 10:15 MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY COMPOSITION establishment. ACROSS THE UPPER MAD RIVER WATERSHED Kelsey T.R. Weidner, [email protected], Renee Chen, r-chen@onu. 10:45 NEST SUCCESS OF GRASSLAND AND SHRUB- edu, Gabrielle…Metzner, [email protected], Alex… NESTING BIRDS ON A RECLAIMED SURFACE MINE (THE Kneubehl, [email protected], (advisor Leslie A. Riley, WILDS). Danny J. Ingold, [email protected] and [email protected]), Department of Biological and Allied James L. Dooley, [email protected]; Biology Dept., Health Sciences, Ada, OH 45810. Muskingum College, 163 Stormont St., New Concord, OH 43762. The upper Mad River watershed drains 657 square miles of the Till Plains in west-central Ohio. Many tributaries Recent studies on reclaimed surface mines have provided within this watershed are spring-fed and have resulted in evidence that the encroachment of woody vegetation may the Mad River being one of only a few watersheds in Ohio KDYHDQDGYHUVHHIIHFWRQEUHHGLQJJUDVVODQGELUGV'XULQJ to have coldwater habitat available for a stocked trout the 2008-2011 breeding seasons, the nests of ground- and ÀVKHU\,QDGGLWLRQVSULQJIHGKDELWDWVFDQRIWHQVXSSRUW shrub-nesting birds were monitored on a reclaimed surface unique assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates. Land mine in east-central Ohio. Objectives were to compare use in this watershed includes row crop and pasture ÀQGLQJVZLWKWKRVHIURPDVLPLODUVWXG\FRQGXFWHGRQWKLV land (67%), urban/residential (19%) and forest (11%). site a decade earlier and to compare the nesting success Anthropogenic pressures in this watershed include: of ground- versus above-ground and shrub-nesting species. stream channelization, drainage tiles, increased nutrient Two hundred and ninety one nests were found from 18 loads, increased sediment loads and a reduction in bird species. Ground-nesting species had notably higher riparian habitat. The objectives of this study were twofold: RYHUDOO DQQXDO DV ZHOO DV 0D\ÀHOG QHVW VXFFHVV UDWHV 1) to survey the macroinvertebrate communities across a (60% and 55% respectively) compared to the above-ground subsample of tributary sites and sites within the main stem and shrub-nesting species (42% and 32% respectively). of the Mad River and 2) to correlate macroinvertebrate Grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), community characteristics with physicochemical data. eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) and bobolinks In April of 2012, eight tributary sites and three sites (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) had the greatest reproductive within the main stem of the Mad River were sampled success rates (64%, 64% and 61% annual success and 53%, for macroinvertebrates, physical parameters (e.g. stream DQG0D\ÀHOGVXFFHVVUHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKLFKZHUH width, depth, velocity) and chemical parameters (e.g. comparable to those reported by Ingold in 2002 for these GLVVROYHGR[\JHQS+ 3UHOLPLQDU\UHVXOWVIURPD3ULQFLSDO species. Predation rates were higher in the above-ground Components Analysis indicate the physical characteristics and shrub-nesting (44%) versus the ground and near- (e.g. stream size and velocity) are driving the variation ground nesting species (27%). Six shrub-nesting species across streams. Macroinvertebrates are currently being $PHULFDQURELQEURZQWKUDVKHUZLOORZÁ\FDWFKHU\HOORZ VRUWHGDQGLGHQWLÀHGWRIDPLO\LQWKHODERUDWRU\$QDO\VHV warbler, northern mockingbird and mourning dove) were will examine variation in macroinvertebrate communities not found on this site a decade ago. Although these results across tributary sites as well as within the mainstem of suggest that this site continues to provide suitable nesting the Mad River. Additional exploratory analyses using habitat for obligate grassland species, the increasing Correspondence Analysis will examine the relationship of encroachment of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellate) may macroinvertebrate assemblages to site characteristics. be attracting more shrub-nesting bird species as well as mammalian predators. A-8 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
9:00 – 11:00 AM the interaction between thermodynamics and chemical kinetics more accurately by including effects typically Podium Session - Environmental neglected in process simulators, such as yeast dynamics, oxygen diffusion, as well as the inhibiting effect of products Science & Other Topics and production of by-products. This reactor model will EHYHULÀHGXVLQJSODQWGDWDIURPDELRUHÀQHU\LQ6RXWK Room 1129 America (Tucuman, Argentina). The reactor model will then be integrated with the distillation and dehydration 300 Davis Street Building plant stages for further environmental and energetic optimization. This research is anticipated to enable Presiding: Dr. Michael Homsher identifying optimum operating conditions and scheduling of semi-batch production for producing bioethanol in the 9:00 ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF FARM-BASED HARVESTABLE sugar-cane industry. NUTRIENT FILTERS. Nathan G.F. Reaver1, nathan.reaver@ rockets.utoledo.edu, Jeffrey R. Beegle1, jeffrey.beegle@ 9:30 CATALYTIC PROCESSES AS A LOW-TEMPERATURE 2 ROUTE FOR THE GASIFICATION OF WASTE POLYMERS. rockets.utoledo.edu, Anne T. Doerr , anne.doerr@rockets. 1 1 1 Joshua M. Cmar , [email protected], Shreya Adhikari , utoledo.edu, Zachary A. Reaver , zachary.reaver@rockets. 1,2 1 [email protected], Deborah L. Waters , utoledo.edu, Brandon W. Clarke , brandon.clarke@rockets. 1 3 [email protected], (Jorge E. Gatica , j.gatica@csuohio. utoledo.edu, Kristen M. Woodling , [email protected], 1 1The University of Toledo Department of Bioengineering, edu), Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street - SH455, 5051 Nitschke Hall, MS 303, 2801 West Bancroft Street, 2 Toledo OH 43606, 2The University of Toledo Department of Cleveland OH 44115-2425 and NASA Glenn Research Center, Environmental Sciences, 3Miami University Institute for the 21000 Brookpark Road MS 110-3, Cleveland OH 44135. Environment and Sustainability. Wet thermal catalytic oxidation (WTCO) processes are being 7KH:HVWHUQ%DVLQRI/DNH(ULHVXIIHUVIURPKDUPIXODOJDO considered for waste management in space exploration EORRPV +$%V FDXVHG SDUWO\ E\ SKRVSKRUXV QLWURJHQ beyond low earth orbit (LEO). This process promotes and suspended sediments in runoff from agriculture. A the low-temperature conversion of long polymeric chains SRWHQWLDO UHPHG\ IRU HOLPLQDWLQJ +$%V LV KDUYHVWDEOH into synthetic or “supply” gas (syngas). The activation QXWULHQW ÀOWHU V\VWHPV 7KHVH V\VWHPV DUH FRQVWUXFWHG energy needed for conversion has proven to be reduced adjacent to crop lands and accompanying drainage ditches. VLJQLÀFDQWO\LQWKHSUHVHQFHRIDFDWDO\VWDQGWKXV:7&2 Filters collect nutrients and sediments from runoff. is considered an attractive alternative to more traditional, Above-ground biomass from the system is harvested. The KLJKWHPSHUDWXUH JDVLÀFDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV 7KLV UHVHDUFK biomass is anaerorbically digested to produce methane- H[DPLQHV WKH FDWDO\WLF R[LGDWLRQ RI ORZ DQG PLGÀGHOLW\ rich biogas. Nutrients captured remain in the digester simulants (polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate silage, and are reapplied to agricultural soil. This study 3(7 FHOOXORVHDQGQ\ORQ IRUWZRGLIIHUHQWFRQÀJXUDWLRQV catalyst particles (Ru on Al O ) combined in a slurry of presents a theoretical economic model for the present 2 3 monetary value of such a system. It was hypothesized that water and waste polymers, and catalyst (Ru) deposited WKHV\VWHPKDVDSRVLWLYHFDVKÁRZDQGWKDWLVZRXOGSD\ on metallic substrates. Experiments are complemented for itself in less than 10 years. The model was constructed by thermal characterization of simulants and catalytic through systematic accounting of expenses and savings VOXUULHV 'DWD FROOHFWHG LQ D UHVHDUFKJUDGH ODERUDWRU\ WR D K\SRWKHWLFDO DYHUDJH 2KLR IDUP IURP WKH ÀOWHU reactor will be characterized by gas chromatography and system. Time-dependent expenses and savings terms, XVHG IRU NLQHWLF FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI FDWDO\WLF JDVLÀFDWLRQ such as savings in fertilizer expenses, were summed and processes. This study anticipates comparison between PDWKHPDWLFDOO\ LQWHJUDWHG RYHU WLPH DQG DGGHG WR À[HG techniques based on catalyst characterization and the terms, such as capital expenses, to obtain the present DVVHVVPHQWRIJDVLÀFDWLRQHIÀFLHQF\DQGSURFHVVVHOHFWLYLW\ value. The model contained 40 parameters. A range of values for each parameter was obtained from literature 9:45 DETERMINING EFFECTIVENESS OF FRESH AND values. Using average parameter values and assuming the SPENT ALUM TO DECREASE INTERNAL LOADING OF XVHRIERWKELRPDVVSURGXFHGIURPWKHÀOWHUDQGRIWKH PHOSPHATE IN A RESERVOIR IN STARK COUNTY, OH. IDUPÀHOGZDVWHWKHV\VWHPZDVIRXQGWRKDYHDFDVKÁRZ Mary C. Mahoney, [email protected] (Charles of +$36,360 per year and payback time of 2.3 years. The McClaugherty, [email protected]) University of PRGHOVXJJHVWVWKDWKDUYHVWDEOHÀOWHUVDUHDYLDEOHRSWLRQ Mount Union, 1972 Clark Ave, Alliance OH 44601. for improving surface water quality. Runoff from agricultural and urban sources often results in 9:15 PROCESS ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF excessive phosphate and other nutrients in lakes, causing REACTORS SCHEDULING IN BIOREFINERIES. Quinton A. eutrophication. One control approach is to inactivate the Shuster, [email protected], Michel E. Kahwaji Janho, phosphate that is within the sediments. In this study, [email protected], Jorge E. Gatica, j.gatica@ water from Walborn Reservoir in Stark County, Ohio, was csuohio.edu, Department of Chemical and Biomedical studied to determine the potential effectiveness of fresh, Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th water treatment-grade aluminum sulfate (alum) and spent Street – SH 455, Cleveland OH 44115 alum (post-water treatment sludge). It was hypothesized that the fresh alum would be more effective at inactivating %LRIXHOV KDYH EHFRPH RI JUHDW LQWHUHVW WR WKH FKHPLFDO phosphorus than the spent alum; however, spent alum industry as the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels may be a more practical choice because of its low cost and increases. This research focuses on the production of availability. Sediment from Walborn Reservoir was added ethanol, a widely used partial substitute for gasoline, to Mason jars and allowed to settle. Fresh lake water was which is desirable due to its low environmental impact. added to triplicate jars and dosed with either fresh or spent One method of producing ethanol is alcoholic fermentation alum at 0, 2, 5, or 10 g/L. The medium and the high dose of of a carbon substrate metabolized by yeast. The complex fresh and spent alum were expected to be the most effective kinetic interaction between the substrate, products, and at lowering the phosphate concentrations. Fresh lake yeast compounded by the semi-batch nature of the reactor ZDWHUVDPSOHV\LHOGHGDQDYHUDJHRIǍJ/RISKRVSKDWH RSHUDWLRQ PDNHV WKH SURFHVV DQDO\VLV GLIÀFXOW WR PRGHO 7KHÀUVWWULDOVKRZHGWKDWWKHIUHVKDOXPGHFUHDVHGWKHS+ even for state-of-the art process simulators. The aim of this of the water to approximately 3.2-3.6, and these samples study is to develop a dynamic model by expanding classical VKRZHG FRQFHQWUDWLRQV UDQJLQJ EHWZHHQ ǍJ/ RI models provided in modern process simulators (ASPEN phosphate. Spent alum jars had phosphate concentrations OneTM). The expanded model is aimed at describing comparable to the concentrations of the control jars (20-40 ǍJ/SKRVSKDWH DQGS+GLGQRWFKDQJH&XUUHQWO\HIIRUWV VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A9 have been narrowed to test effectiveness of spent alum on VHUYHLQGHWHUPLQLQJDQ\VWDWLVWLFDOVLJQLÀFDQFHRIFHUWDLQ water with known concentrations of phosphate. behaviors throughout the entire period of this project. 9:15 THE EXPRESSION OF CASPASE-3 IN EUTOPIC 10:00 UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE ENDOMETRIUM OF WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT STUDENT SAMPLING EXTENDS BLANCHARD RIVER ENDOMETRIOSIS. Ana Flávia P dos Santos (anapflavia@ WATERSHED MONITORING. Michael T. Homsher, homsher@ hotmail.com), Helen L Del Puerto, Cynthia D Cruz, Maíra findlay.edu, Charles D. Norris, [email protected] and C B Telles, Julia Real, Fabiano Conde Araujo, (Fernando M others The University of Findlay, 1000 N. Main, Findlay, Ohio Reis). Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Minas Gerais, 45840. Human Reproduction Sector, Avenida Alfredo Balena 110, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil , 30130-100. ,QWKH%ODQFKDUG5LYHUDQGLWVVXEZDWHUVKHGVZHUH LGHQWLÀHGDVRQHRIWKHODUJHVWFRQWULEXWRUVRISKRVSKRUXV (QGRPHWULRVLV LV D J\QHFRORJLFDO GLVHDVH GHÀQHG DV DQGVHGLPHQWWRWKH*UHDW/DNHV+LJKQXWULHQWOHYHOVLQ the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine these waters raised concerns that a harmful algal bloom cavity and is associated with pelvic pain and infertility. +$% FRXOGRFFXU$VLPLODU+$%HYHQWRFFXUUHGLQ*UDQG Caspase-3 is an apoptosis effector protein, a cysteine Lake St. Mary’s in 2010 for similar reasons. The University protease that plays a key role in proteolytic cleavages of the of Findlay (UF) responded with increased sampling apoptotic process. Research suggests that the resistance and monitoring events in 2011 with the support of a of endometrial cells to apoptosis can be associated with GLISTEN National Science Foundation grant and internal the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study aimed to UF funds. UF students have historically collaborated with evaluate the caspase-3 gene and protein expression in WKH %ODQFKDUG 5LYHU :DWHUVKHG 3DUWQHUVKLS %5:3 eutopic endometrium of women with (n=8) and without since 2005. Past activities have included spring and fall (n=17) endometriosis in the proliferative phase of the river cleanup by 40-60 students and faculty volunteers menstrual cycle. The protein expression of caspase-3 was FRRUGLQDWHG ZLWK WKH %:53 7KH FXUUHQW HIIRUW ZRXOG HYDOXDWHG WKURXJK LPPXQRKLVWRFKHPLVWU\ ,+& XVLQJ LQFOXGH PRQLWRULQJ RI WKH 7RWDO 0D[LPXP 'DLO\ /RDGV the Novolink® non-biotin polymeric system. The gene 70'/ DVSHUWKH&OHDQ:DWHU$FWZKLFKUHTXLUHVZDWHU expression was evaluated through RT-RTPCR, using the quality and physical parameter monitoring. Students 3RZHU6<%7 *UHHQ NLW 7KH ,+& DQDO\VLV VKRZHG WKH from the UF Environmental Safety and Occupational same intensity of cytoplasmic staining of caspase-3 in both +HDOWK SURJUDP PRQLWRUHG SKRVSKRUXV QLWUDWHQLWUDWH groups. In the control group, 100% of the samples had WHPSHUDWXUH S+ '2 FRQGXFWLYLW\ EDURPHWULF SUHVVXUH staining of the glandular epithelium and 88% had stromal *36FRRUGLQDWHVGHSWKZLGWKDQGÁRZUDWH6SULQJ staining. The group with endometriosis had staining sampling and analysis was supported by UF. Preliminary of both the glandular epithelium and stroma in 100% of Spring 2012 samples indicate lower loading of phosphorus, the samples. The results of the immunolocalization and and sediment, associated with less frequent rain events the gene expression of caspase-3 did not show difference yielding fewer inches of rainfall to date. Average between the two groups. phosphorus loading in Summer 2011 for nine sites was 0.19 mg P/L, however sites adjacent to horse farms and 9:30 CG15436, A PREVIOUSLY UNSTUDIED DROSOPHILA failing septic systems showed averages of 0.27 mg P/L, MELANOGASTER GENE, PARTICIPATES IN ABDOMINAL just below an advisory threshold of 0.30 mg P/L. Currently FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYO PRODUCTION. three sites have consistently exceeded the advisory limit. Kristopher K. Trahan ([email protected]), Eric W. Krolik ([email protected]), Ryan Phillips ([email protected]), Brittany N. Stawicki 9:00 – 11:00 AM ([email protected]), Matthew L. Johnson ([email protected]) Notre Dame College, 4545 College Biology & Other Topics Road, South Euclid, OH 44121 Room 2232 $OWKRXJK WKH IUXLW Á\ VSHFLHV Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively studied, the developmental role that 300 Davis Street Building many of its genes play remains unknown. To this end, this study focused on the gene CG15436, which is located on Presiding: T.B.A. WKH VHFRQG FKURPRVRPH DQG KDV D SUHGLFWHG &+ ]LQF ÀQJHUGRPDLQDQG$'=LQFÀQJHUGRPDLQ7RHOXFLGDWHWKH function of CG15436, a FLP-FRT system was implemented 9:00 BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF ZOO-KEPT HUMBOLDT VSHFLÀFDOO\ UHPRYLQJ WKH JHQRPLF UHJLRQ RI &* PENGUINS (Spheniscus humboldti) Laura A Nelson nelsonl@ This system uses a FLP recombinase protein, driven by findlay.edu 2016 Harrison St Findlay OH 45840. Melissa a heat shock inducible-promoter to cause recombination Marmaduke [email protected]. Megan Cecil EHWZHHQ )57 VLWHV ZKLFK ÁDQN WKH &* FRGLQJ [email protected]. Amanda Gladczak gladczaka@findlay. UHJLRQ&DUULHUVRIWKHGHÀFLHQF\ZHUHFRQÀUPHGE\3&5 edu. Christopher White [email protected]. DQDO\VLV )XUWKHUPRUH YHULÀHG KRPR]\JRXV &* knockouts demonstrate that the gene is not essential Spheniscus humboldtiFRPPRQO\NQRZQDVWKH+XPEROGW for viability; however, CG15436 does play a distinct role penguin, is an endangered species native to area of GXULQJDEGRPLQDOIRUPDWLRQDQGHPEU\RSURGXFWLRQ%RWK Peru. This three-year long research project is focused on KHWHUR]\JRWH DQG KRPR]\JRWH GHÀFLHQFLHV GHPRQVWUDWH GHWHUPLQLQJVSHFLÀFLQGLYLGXDODQGSDLUEDVHGEHKDYLRUV incompletely penetrant abnormal abdominal formations that are characteristic of one sex more so than the of 15.5% (n=129) and 30.2% (n=119), respectively. other. Identifying a sex difference in observed behaviors Furthermore, although both produce viable embryos at would allow for less interaction between researchers and room temperature, when subjected to 30°C for 2 days, penguins to determine the sex of each individual penguin. embryo production is eliminated. Following temperature- The penguins of focus are residents of the Columbus LQGXFHG HOLPLQDWLRQ RI HPEU\RV LQ &* GHÀFLHQW D. Zoo and Aquarium in Columbus, Ohio. The ten adult melanogaster, reintroduction to room temperature does not +XPEROGWSHQJXLQVDUHHDFKREVHUYHGIRUDSHULRGRI resolve the lack of embryo production. Therefore, current minutes. The behaviors recorded are both agonistic and studies are investigating the role of the temperature- SDLUGLUHFWHG 7KH ÀUVW WZR \HDUV RI WKLV SURMHFW EURXJKW induced disruption of embryogenesis within the ovary. This EDFNUHVXOWVLQGLFDWLQJDVWDWLVWLFDOVLJQLÀFDQFHRIVWDULQJ study establishes that CG15436 has a role in abdominal EHDNLQJ HFVWDWLF GLVSOD\ DQG ERZLQJ WKH ÀUVW \HDU DQG development and embryo production and gives critical staring, beaking, and mounting the second. This third insight into the types of genes that support regulation of DQG ÀQDO \HDU ZLOO FRPSOHWH WKH GDWD FROOHFWLRQ DQG ZLOO these essential events. A-10 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
9:45 EFFECTS OF LOCAL WEATHER VARIATION ON t-tests p< 7KHVH ÀQGLQJV VXSSRUW HWKQRERWDQLFDO WATER-COLUMN STRATIFICATION AND HYPOXIA IN THE usage as a topical antibiotic. WESTERN, CENTRAL, AND SANDUSKY BASINS OF LAKE ERIE Melanie M Perello1,2, [email protected], Doug D Kane2,3, [email protected], Maya C Hughes2,3, 10:15 USING DNA FINGERPRINTING AND WATERSHED [email protected], Phoenix Golnick2,3, pgolnick001@ MAPPING TO DETERMINE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF E. defiance.edu, 1Box 1306 Westminster College New COLI DISCHARGES CONTRIBUTING TO BEACH POLLUTION. Wilmington PA 16172, 2F.T. Stone Laboratory, Put-in-Bay OH Aneta K Pekalska, [email protected], Jill 43449, 3Natural Science and Mathematics Division, Defiance Lis, [email protected], Von Sigler, [email protected], Uni- College, Defiance OH 43512 versity of Toledo, Department of Environmental Sciences, 2801 West Bancroft, Toledo OH 43606. +\SR[LD GLVVROYHG R[\JHQ '2 OHYHOV XQGHU PJ/ FDQ RFFXU LQ K\SROLPQLRQ ERWWRP OD\HU RI WKH VWUDWLÀHG +XQWLQJWRQ%HDFK &X\DKRJD&RXQW\2KLR LVIUHTXHQWO\ water-column during the summer months in Lake posted with swimming advisories due to bacteria pollution Erie. Most studies have focused on biological oxygen that is transported through Porter Creek. The objective of demand and lake morphometry as contributing factors this research was to detect bacteria “hotspots” in the sur- to the hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, but there are few rounding watershed by identifying storm sewer outfalls studies of the contributions of weather patterns. For and associated drainage areas that discharge high densi- WKLV VWXG\ ZDWHU WHPSHUDWXUHV ZHUH PRQLWRUHG DQG '2 ties of Escherichia coli into Porter Creek. Water samples concentrations measured using a multiparameter sonde collected from 32 outfalls following ten rainfall events (YSI 6600 V2) in June and July 2010-2012 at sites in the were enumerated for E. coli following PHPEUDQH ÀOWUD- ZHVWHUQ FHQWUDO DQG 6DQGXVN\ EDVLQV 8VLQJ RXU ÀHOG WLRQ DQG LQFXEDWLRQ RQ PRGLÀHG WKHUPR WROHUDQW E.coli data, ANOVA tests were used to determine trends in the (mTEC) agar. To characterize the variety of contribut- ZDWHUFROXPQVWUDWLÀFDWLRQDQG'2FRQFHQWUDWLRQVGXULQJ ing E. coliVRXUFHVJHQHWLFÀQJHUSULQWLQJZDVSHUIRUPHG WKDW WLPH SHULRG 'DWD RQ ZHDWKHU SDWWHUQV DQG HYHQWV RQ '1$ H[WUDFWHG IURP FXOWXUHG FRPPXQLWLHV XVLQJ GH- ZHUH FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH ZDWHUFROXPQ VWUDWLÀFDWLRQ QDWXULQJ JUDGLHQW JHO HOHFWURSKRUHVLV '**( DQDO\VLV DQG '2 FRQFHQWUDWLRQ SDWWHUQV GXULQJ WKH VWXG\ SHULRG Samples from approximately 87% of the outfalls exceeded U.S. EPA’s open water standard of 576 E. coli colony form- 2EVHUYDWLRQV LQ KDG ORZHU '2 FRQFHQWUDWLRQV DQG -1 the deepest (p<0.01, F=33.3, d.f.=2) and thinnest (p<0.01, ing units 100 ml , while samples from 58% of the outfalls F=14.8, d.f.=2) hypolimnia which coincided with increased H[FHHGHGWKHVWDQGDUGE\PRUHWKDQÀYHIROG6ix outfalls storm events (p=0.04, F=5.1, d.f.=2,8) and decreased ice (19%) were excluded as origins of E. coli pollution. The Wa- coverage in 2012. These patterns indicate that decreased tershed Modeling System and ArcGIS software packages ice coverage and increased storm events leads to mixing were used to determine the areas of the watershed drained down of the epilimnion (top layer) of the lake which leads to by each outfall. %\FRPELQLQJmapping and enumeration a thinner hypolimnion. This study indicates that hypoxia GDWD WHQ ZDWHUVKHG KRWVSRWV ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG DV WDUJHWV in Lake Erie is affected by weather patterns and that the IRUIXWXUHUHPHGLDWLRQHIIRUWV'1$ÀQJHUSULQWLQJVKRZHG lake is vulnerable to the effects of climate change, which that outfalls near each other contributed E. coli communi- may lead to more frequent and intense storms and less ice ties that were genetically similar, but different from those cover in the future. originating in distant outfalls. Overall, results indicated that (i) multiple sources contribute E. coli pollution to Por- ter Creek, (ii) these sources originate in differing areas of 10:00 CONFIRMATION OF THE ETHNOBOTANICAL USE the watershed, and (iii) multiple sources can impact mul- OF OENOTHERA CESPITOSA IN TREATMENT OF TOPICAL tiple, adjacent outfalls. INFECTIONS. Angela Stigliano ([email protected]); [faculty mentors David H. Kinder([email protected]), Vicki A. Motz ([email protected]), Linda M Young (l-young@onu. 10:30 ARE SYNTHETIC FIELD TURF SYSTEMS A RESERVOIR edu) and Christopher P. Bowers ([email protected])] 305 ½ 1 South Main St., Ohio Northern University. Ada, OH 45810 FOR MRSA? Marcus Keller , [email protected]. edu, Zeke Johnson1, [email protected]. The prostrate Oenothera cespitosa (evening primrose) edu, Von Sigler1, [email protected], Ron Turco2, is a common annual, found in the desert southwest and [email protected], 1University of Toledo, Department of throughout western N. America. Traditional American Environmental Sciences, Toledo OH 43606-3390, 2Purdue Indian use of Oenothera cespitosa involved poulticing of University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, IN WKHIUHVKURRWVRUOHDYHV7KH%ODFNIRRWDQG,VOHWDXVHG 47907-2054 SRXOWLFHVWRUHGXFHLQÁDPPDWLRQDQGSURPRWHKHDOLQJ WKH +RSL XVHG LW WRSLFDOO\ WR WUHDW VRUH H\HV DQG WRRWKDFKHV The frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus These uses suggest that O. cespitosa has antibacterial and/ aureus (MRSA) infections among NFL players is 63-fold or antifungal activity. Ethanolic extracts of aerial parts and higher than in the general population. Since little effort roots of O. cespitosa from New Mexico and native Ohio O. KDV IRFXVHG RQ LQGRRU DUWLÀFLDO WXUI IRRWEDOO ÀHOGV DV D biennis exhibited antibiotic activity. This was demonstrated potential MRSA reservoir, the objectives of this research E\ .LUE\%DXHU DQDO\VLV DJDLQVW Staphylococcus were to determine the dissipation time (a combination of epidermis (zone of inhibition (ZI) for aerial parts = 13.0+ GHDWKDQGDGVRUSWLRQ RI056$LQWXUIÀEHUVDQGLQÀOO WKH 0.0) and Streptococcus pyogenes (ZI=13.0+1.41) with rubber, sand, organic or polymer materials that provide VOLJKWO\ ORZHU HIÀFDF\ DJDLQVW Staphylococcus support and cushioning to the turf surface). Each of 26 aureus (ZI=10.5 + 0.71), Klebsiella pneumonia (ZI=10.5 + LQÀOO W\SHV DQG WXUI ÀEHU W\SHV ZHUH LQRFXODWHG ZLWK 2.12 ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZI=12.00 + 0.0) and no approximately 2000 CFU g-1 of MRSA, extracted during antibiosis against Escherichia coli7KHUHZDVVLJQLÀFDQW 144 hours of incubation and enumerated by plate count difference between the antibiotic capabilities of the ethanol techniques. Results showed that the T50 (time denoting 50% extracts by ANOVA (p>0.02, N=10) with the O. biennis MRSA dissipation) were 9h (polymer-coated materials), EHLQJVLJQLÀFDQWO\VXSHULRUWRWKHRWKHUWZRSUHSDUDWLRQV 9 h (organic materials), 11h (rubber materials) and 27 h by ad hoc t-tests p< +RZHYHU WKH DTXHRXV (sands). The T50RQWXUIÀEHUVZDVK7UDQVIHUVWXGLHV extracts of the O. cespitosa but not the O. biennis also KDYHVKRZQWKDWXSWRRI056$LQRFXODWHGRQWRLQÀOO H[KLELWHG DQWLELRVLV ZLWK WKH JUHDWHVW HIÀFDF\ DJDLQVW PDWHULDOVLVDYDLODEOHIRUWUDQVIHUIURPWKHLQÀOOVXUIDFH the Staphylococcus epidermis (ZI=11.0 + 0.35) which is Our results indicate that 50% of MRSA deposited in the associated with skin infections. Aqueous extracts of the turf system dissipates within several hours to over a day, aerial portions of O.cespitosa KDG VLJQLÀFDQWO\ JUHDWHU depending on the composition of the materials, and could antibiotic competency than those of the roots or of O. pose a short-term infectious risk to players contacting the biennisE\$129$ S 1 FRQÀUPHGE\DGKRF turf surface. VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A11
10:45 THE EFFECTS OF DIETS CONSISTING OF Poster Board No. 002 WILL VENTILATION REDUCE 50% FRUCTOSE/50% GLUCOSE AND 100% GLUCOSE GASEOUS AMMONIA IN A RABBIT BARN? Luke Kleilein, ON METABOLIC RATES AND RESPIRATION OF MALE [email protected], 5561 Howard Road, Delaware OH, GROMPHADORHINA PORTENTOSA. Cali Granger, grangecl@ 43015. (Buckeye Valley Middle School) mountunion.edu, University of Mount Union, Department of Biology, Alliance, OH 44601. Rabbit production requires short-term storage of feces and urine which can release gaseous ammonia into the Recent studies showed that food preferences in adult air and decrease respiratory health in rabbits. Using Madagascar hissing cockroaches, Gromphadorhina S+\GULRQOLWPXVSDSHUJDVHRXVDPPRQLDFRQFHQWUDWLRQ portentosa, are sex determined with males choosing high was measured in 3 areas (front, middle and back) and at 3 carbohydrate sources. It was hypothesized that feeding KHLJKWV ÁRRUIWIURPÁRRUDQGFHLOLQJ ZLWKLQWKHEDUQ adult male G. portentosa a diet of 50% glucose/50% 7KH S+\GULRQ OLWPXV SDSHU LV D VXEMHFWLYH FRORU WHVW fructose (FG) coated grain-based rat pellets would increase associated with 5 colors representing gaseous ammonia their metabolic rates compared to a diet of 100% glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 ppm. Six ventilation (G) coated grain based rat pellets. Ten males were selected treatments were tested 72 times each with n=432 total for treatment FG of 50% glucose/50% fructose and another readings. The author hypothesized that the window fan ten males were selected for treatment G of 100% glucose. aimed into the barn, with all windows open, and with Individual cockroaches from the FG group were put into ceiling fan on (Treatment 5), would decrease gaseous the respirometer, alternating with individuals from G. ammonia concentration more than any other treatment. 7KH UHVSLURPHWU\ V\VWHP FRQVLVWHG RI D ÁRZWKURXJK This would be due to the fan pulling fresh air in and forcing chamber connected to a LiCor 6400 commercial infrared ammonia out the opposite side of the barn. Treatments gas analyzer (IRGA). A two tailed t-test determined were: 1) all windows closed, ceiling fan off, 2) all windows that the mean respiration rates in treatment FG was closed, ceiling fan on, 3) windows open, ceiling fan on, 4) all VLJQLÀFDQWO\ KLJKHU WKDQ LQ WUHDWPHQW * DIWHU RQH ZHHN windows open, ceiling fan on, window fan blowing out, 5) (0.0003) and three weeks (0.035), but there was no previously described above, 6) windows open, ceiling fan on, VLJQLÀFDQWGLIIHUHQFHDIWHUWZRZHHNV $RQHWDLOHG ÁRRUIDQ5HVXOWLQJDYHUDJHDPPRQLDFRQFHQWUDWLRQVZHUH WWHVW GHWHUPLQHG WKHUH ZDV QR VLJQLÀFDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ 40 ppm, 42 ppm, 24 ppm, 18 ppm, 11 ppm, and 18 ppm, mean mass gain between treatments FG and G during respectively. Student’s t-test was used to compare all pairs WKHÀUVWZHHN :HHNVWZR DQGWKUHH of values. Treatment 5 had the lowest gaseous ammonia KDG VLJQLÀFDQWO\ JUHDWHU PDVV JDLQV IRU FRFNURDFKHV RQ (P<0.05), with Treatment 4 and 6 being greater than 5 but treatment G. The hypothesis that the FG 50% glucose/50% less than 1, 2 and 3 (P<0.05). Treatment 3 had less gaseous fructose treatment would increase the respiration rate of ammonia than Treatment 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The hypothesis G. portentosa was supported. When comparing FG and G was supported as Treatment 5 had the lowest average treatments, the G treatment gained more mass which is ammonia concentration. The research also indicates that consistent with lower respiration rates. keeping a barn closed with no outside ventilation caused ammonia to reach dangerous concentrations, putting the health of humans and rabbits in the barn at risk. Morning Poster Session Poster Board No. 003 HERD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS 9:00 – 11:00 am AND ANIMAL SMALLHOLDER PARTICIPATION. Katie A. Ladrach, 1941 Solera Drive, Columbus OH 43229. The Ohio 300 Davis Street Building State University, [email protected] Students on the 9th annual Ohio State ATI Ghana study Poster Board No. 001 MINIMALIST RUNNING SHOES AND abroad in June 2012 began a project, which seeks to HIGHER MILEAGE RUNNERS. Stephen Gillinov,SGillinov@ GHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUYLOODJHUVZLOOGHFLGHWKDWWKHEHQHÀWV gmail.com, (Sara A. Laux, [email protected]), 220 Basswood of veterinary interventions outweigh the cost. In June Lane, Moreland Hills OH 44022. (University School). 2012, Ohio State ATI students purchased medications and performed more than 1100 vaccinations and other There is recent enthusiasm for minimalist (lighter shoes, treatments for sheep, goats, and chickens. They worked with barefoot-like technique) running, with many runners a community development specialist and animal health believing that lightweight footwear improves speed and worker to administer PPR and Newcastle vaccines, to small reduces the tendency to injury. Recent studies suggest ruminants and poultry, respectively. They discussed the that running-related injuries are on the rise, with some EHQHÀWVRIYDFFLQDWLRQVZLWKYLOODJHUVVSHFLÀFDOO\WKDWWKH\ experts blaming these injuries on traditional, heavily would lead to better overall health and higher meat quality, cushioned running shoes. This suggests the hypothesis ZKLFKLQWXUQZLOOHQVXUHKHDOWKLHUFRQVXPHUV,QWKHÀUVW that high mileage runners are more inclined to wear year, the students informed villagers that the vaccinations minimalist running shoes to minimize injury and increase their animals received would be paid for by a grant. In the running performance. The purposes of this study were 1) second year (May 2013), students will meet with farmers to determine the prevalence of minimalist runners and to assess the health of their herds. The farmers will pay 2) to assess the relationship between runners’ decision *+& SHU DQLPDO IRU WKUHH WUHDWPHQWV GXULQJ WKH \HDU to wear minimalist shoes and their weekly mileage. 42 about a quarter of the cost of the treatments. The farmers runners of varying backgrounds and abilities, ranging will be asked to pay half the cost in the third year and from recreational joggers to elite high school runners, in the fourth year the full cost. In years 2-4, the students UHVSRQGHG WR D VXUYH\ 5HVSRQGHQWV ÀOOHG RXW D VXUYH\ will compare the number of farmers who participate when that documented their running habits, including choice of they must pay for the services. Researchers expect that footwear, weekly mileage, training pace, training terrain(s), the study will show that a clear understanding and direct and race personal bests. Of the 42 respondents, 31 (76%) H[SHULHQFHRIWKHEHQHÀWRIKHUGKHDOWKLQWHUYHQWLRQVZLOO wear traditional running shoes, 11 (24%) wear minimalist lead to increased willingness to purchase them. running shoes, and none wear Vibram FiveFingers®. Longer distances were more common among those with Poster Board No. 004 BIODIVERSITY OF A VERNAL POOL AT minimalist shoes, with 91% of minimalist runners training THE NATURE CENTER AT SHAKER LAKES. Jesse E. Bartle1, 20 or more miles per week and only 65% of those wearing ([email protected]) Ryan Rehmer1, Sarah Cech2, traditional shoes running 20 or more miles per week. These Justin Evans2, and Tracey T. Meilander1, 1 Notre Dame data demonstrate that most runners still prefer standard College, 4545 College Rd., South Euclid, Ohio 44121. 2 The running shoes, but that high mileage runners are more Nature Center at Shaker Lakes, 2600 South Park Blvd., likely to wear minimalist shoes. This suggests that higher Cleveland, OH 44120 PLOHDJHUXQQHUVSHUFHLYHDEHQHÀWWRPLQLPDOLVWVKRHV A-12 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
The biodiversity of the water column was examined in a dissolved solid concentration levels. The goal of this study vernal pool at The Nature Center at Shaker Lakes on 16 LV WR WHVW WKLV K\SRWKHVLV 'DWD DUH EHLQJ FROOHFWHG IURP 2FW7KHYHUQDOSRROÀUVWDSSHDUHGLQWKHVSULQJRI 10 study sites within the West and Middle branches of 2011 following a snowmelt and was enlarged in fall of 2011 the Nimishillen Creek Watershed (Stark County, Ohio). to serve as habitat for organisms and as an educational tool. %HQWKLF PDFURLQYHUWHEUDWHV DUH FROOHFWHG DQG TXDQWLÀHG The pool is located near the nature center and parking lot using standard rapid bioassessment protocols. Collected and is impacted by runoff and other human activities. The LQYHUWHEUDWHVDUHLGHQWLÀHGWRWKHIDPLO\WD[RQRPLFOHYHO purpose of this study was to conduct an initial sampling Water chemical characteristics including dissolved oxygen, of the water column to measure nutrient concentrations, QLWUDWHSKRVSKDWHFRQGXFWLYLW\WHPSHUDWXUHS+VDOLQLW\ identify microorganisms and estimate the biodiversity DQGR[\JHQUHGXFWLRQSRWHQWLDODUHEHLQJTXDQWLÀHG:DWHU RI WKH SRRO $ +DFK ZDWHU WHVW NLW ZDV XVHG WR HVWLPDWH FKHPLFDODQDO\VHVDUHFRQGXFWHGLQWKHÀHOGXVLQJD<6, nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Water column 0'6PHWHU0XOWLOLQH3)6HW9PHWHUDQG/D samples were treated with carbonated water to anesthetize Motte water testing kits. Additional water samples are RUJDQLVPV DQG À[HG ZLWK IRUPDOLQ 0LFURRUJDQLVPV collected for lab analysis of metals, nutrients, and physical were observed with a dissecting scope and/or bright water quality properties. Statistical analyses, most likely ÀHOG PLFURVFRSH DQG FODVVLÀHG 2Q 2FW VDPSOHV correlation and multivariate analyses, will be conducted contained 2.5 ppm nitrate, 0.2 ppm phosphorous, and 0.6 to determine what portion of community variance is ppm phosphate, indicative of good water quality. Common explained by dissolved solids. Results of this study should organisms in the pool included Cyclops spp. , mosquito further characterize the benthic macroinvertebrate larvae, Daphnia spp., Laevicaudata (clam shrimp), and community and further elucidate the effects of dissolved snails. As the study progresses, the Shannon-Weaver solids on benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. index of biodiversity will be used to estimate biodiversity and make comparisons to other vernal pools in the Poster Board No. 007 HOW PRACTICING ART AFFECTS Northeastern states. MOOD. Christina M. Kerner. 15Ckerner@beaumontschool. org 2571 Charney Road University Heights, Ohio 44118. Poster Board No. 005 NITROGEN LIMITS ALGAE (Beaumont School) GROWTH IN MAUMEE BAY DURING SUMMER 2012. Courtney N. Mobilian, [email protected]; Many scientists agree that practicing art is an effective Justin D. Chaffin, [email protected]; form of mood therapy. The purpose of this study was Thomas B. Bridgeman, [email protected]. WR GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU RU QRW DUW VSHFLÀFDOO\ WKURXJK Lake Erie Center, University of Toledo, 6200 Bayshore Rd, drawing, has a positive effect on a person’s mood. It was Oregon OH 43616. predicted that participants’ moods would be changed in a VLJQLÀFDQWO\SRVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDIWHUHQJDJLQJLQDUWZRUN 0DXPHH%D\LQ:HVWHUQ/DNH(ULHLVKLJKO\LPSDFWHGE\ VSHFLÀFDOO\WKURXJKGUDZLQJ,QDGGLWLRQLWZDVSUHGLFWHG inputs of the algal nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus that participants who like art or who think they are good (P) from the Maumee River, leading to formation of algal at art would experience a greater positive mood outcome blooms. This study aimed to determine which nutrient than those who do not like it or feel they are good at it. was most limiting to algal growth in the bay throughout A total of 68 participants were involved in this study. the growing season, whether limitation switched between 3DUWLFLSDQWV ÀUVW DVVHVVHG WKHLU FXUUHQW PRRGV XVLQJ N and P-limitation, and at what concentrations of N and D FRS\ RI WKH (ODWLRQ YV 'HSUHVVLRQ 6FDOH 1H[W HDFK 3 GLG HDFK EHFRPH OLPLWLQJ %DVHG RQ GDWD IURP participant used paper and art supplies to draw a picture and 2011, it was hypothesized that algae would initially for ten minutes. They reassessed their moods after the art be P-limited, but would become N-limited sometime in H[SHULHQFHDJDLQXVLQJWKH(ODWLRQYV'HSUHVVLRQ6FDOH July. These two years were very wet in contrast to 2012, At the end of the questionnaire, participants were asked to ZKLFK ZDV D GURXJKW \HDU %LRDVVD\ QXWULHQW DGGLWLRQ DQVZHU´\HVµRU´QRµWRWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV 'R\RXOLNH experiments were conducted from May to September DUW"'R\RXWKLQN\RXDUHJRRGDWDUW"2XWRIVL[W\HLJKW 2012 to determine whether and when N became the total participants, 26 reported an increase in mood valence limiting nutrient. Treatments consisted of addition of N, after engaging in artwork, 30 reported no change in mood addition of P, and addition of both N and P. Experiments valence, and 8 reported a decrease in mood valence. were conducted about every ten days with simultaneous 7KHUHIRUH WKH K\SRWKHVLV ZDV QRW VXSSRUWHG +RZHYHU measurements of lake nutrient concentrations. P was the participants who reported that they liked art or thought OLPLWLQJQXWULHQWIURP0D\WR-XQH%HWZHHQ-XQH they are good at art did experience a greater positive mood and July 9, the phytoplankton community switched to outcome, in support of the hypothesis. becoming N-limited. Lake nitrate concentrations declined to zero by July 9 and remained near undetectable levels for Poster Board No. 008 POSITIONAL EFFECT OF CELL WKHUHVWRIWKHVHDVRQ%DVHGRQWKH1DGGLWLRQELRDVVD\V PHONES ON REACTION TIME WHILE DRIVING. Kelly R. and lake nutrient data, it was concluded that N becomes Biedenharn, [email protected], Jennifer D. Krivchenia, limiting when nitrate declines to concentrations below [email protected], Marcus D. Lowe, [email protected], 0.01 mg/L. Results suggest that it may be useful to manage Sarah A. Woelke, [email protected], 402 W. College Avenue, N inputs in addition to P inputs to limit harmful algal Unit 2095, Ada OH 45810. growth. &XUUHQWO\ VWDWHV DQG WKH 'LVWULFW RI &ROXPELD KDYH Poster Board No. 006 DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND ODZV WKDW EDQ WH[WLQJ ZKLOH GULYLQJ +RZHYHU PDQ\ THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE popular media sources have speculated that these bans PRESENCE IN THE NIMISHILLEN CREEK WATERSHED (STARK have actually increased accidents due to drivers texting COUNTY, OH). Adam Miller, [email protected], (Robert in covert positions. This study examined the effect of cell Hamilton IV, [email protected]), Department of Biological phone position on reaction time in a texting while driving Sciences, Kent State University at Stark, North Canton, OH simulation. Thirty college students (ages 18-23) who 44720, and Mandy Razzano, [email protected]. reported texting at least 5 times per day and had at least oh.us, Division of Surface Water, Ohio Environmental 1.5 years driving experience were recruited for this study. Protection Agency. Each subject participated in three simulated driving experiences: driving without texting, texting in the driving The purpose of this project is to investigate the ÀHOGRIYLHZ DERYHWKHVWHHULQJZKHHO DQGWH[WLQJRXWRI possible relationship between dissolved solids and WKLVÀHOGRIYLHZ EHORZWKHVWHHULQJZKHHO 5HDFWLRQWLPH benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in to braking when a pedestrian was observed was recorded in low gradient streams. Recent studies suggest a direct seconds utilizing a strength grip transducer placed under a FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH SUHVHQFH DQG DEVHQFH RI VSHFLÀF brake pedal. It was hypothesized that the reaction times of macroinvertebrate taxonomic groups in relation to ERWKWH[WLQJVLWXDWLRQVZRXOGEHVLJQLÀFDQWO\VORZHUWKDQ VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A13 the reaction time when not texting, and that the reaction this assay will not provide data for the antimicrobial WLPHRIWKHWH[WLQJRXWRIWKHGULYLQJÀHOGRIYLHZZRXOG target or mechanism. Results from this research will be EHVLJQLÀFDQWO\VORZHUWKDQWKHWH[WLQJZLWKLQWKHGULYLQJ compared to a standard of aminoglycosides. Graphs will ÀHOGRIYLHZ:KLOHDWUHQGWRVXSSRUWLQJRXUK\SRWKHVHV then be designed to show if a correlation exists between was present; no texting (0.739 + 0.143 seconds), texting in the zones of inhibition for herbs, small molecules, and the view (0.849 + 0.230 seconds), and texting below the wheel aminoglycoside standards. (0.939 + 0.308 seconds), this trend was not found to be VLJQLÀFDQWE\RQHZD\UHSHDWHGPHDVXUH$129$ ǂ Poster Board No. 011 COMPUTATIONAL BIOMOLECULAR DOCKING: VIRTUAL SCREENING OF RNA Poster Board No. 009 ADVERTISING COLORS AND TARGETS FOR POTENTIAL ANTIBIOTICS Andrea D Merry PURCHASING DECISIONS. Caite A. Miller. millerbdhc@aol. (John Means) [email protected] University of com, 13684 Janell Drive, Columbia Station, Ohio, 44028. Rio Grande 324 Carmen Drive, Gallipolis OH, 45631 (Columbia High School) An increase in drug resistance by Gram-positive bacteria The goal of this project was to determine if peoples’ has become a global concern. Utilizing a virtual molecular predetermined color preferences affect their purchasing binding program, which allows for the screening of decisions. The hypothesis is that if vibrant colors are used compounds against potential drug targets, shows in advertisements, then consumers will be more likely to great potential in the discovery of novel antibiotics. notice them, compared to advertisements that use dull While previous studies have used proteins as targets, colors. The vibrant colors were depicted using red, blue, relatively few have focused on RNA as the target. Recent DQGJUHHQ7RPHDVXUHWKHFRORUVTXDQWLWDWLYHO\WKH5*% improvements in docking programs have increased their FRORU PRGHO RI :RUG$UW ZDV XVHG WR FUHDWH ÀFWLRQDO applicability to RNA targets. The focus of this study is advertisements. The compositions used to represent on the T-box riboswitch, which serves as a bacterial gene YLEUDQW FRORUV ZHUH 5HG *UHHQ DQG %OXH regulation system at the transcriptional level. In the %URZQ ZDV FKRVHQ WR UHSUHVHQW WKH GXOO FRORU XVLQJ WKH presence of uncharged or charged tRNA, an antiterminator FRPELQHG FRPSRVLWLRQ RI 5HG *UHHQ DQG %OXH or terminator structure, respectively, is formed, with the 88. A questionnaire included four questions about color latter terminating transcription. The intent of targeting and color preference. The questions consisted of multiple this riboswitch is that binding small molecules will choice, Yes or No, and the participants’ preferences. There disrupt a crucial interaction between the antiterminator were sixteen participants, eight women and eight men. and uncharged tRNA, signaling the terminator structure Their ages ranged from 33 to 54. The advertisements were and halting bacterial transcription. Using Autodock 4.2 hidden in a closed folder so no one could see them prior to in conjunction with PyRx, small molecules will be docked WKHH[SHULPHQW7KHÀUVWTXHVWLRQDVNHGZDV´$VTXLFNO\ to a model of this regulatory region to evaluate the free DVSRVVLEOHSOHDVHWHOOPHZKLFKFRORUDGYHUWLVHPHQWÀUVW energy of binding, where the lowest energy serves as the drew your attention.” Respondents were also asked to best docking conformation. The molecules selected for this share what came to mind in association with toothpaste study will come from the libraries provided by the National advertisements. Seven participants included color in Cancer Institute Open Chemical Repository, including their response. Five men chose the red advertisement. 'LYHUVLW\ 6HW ,,, PROHFXOHV 1DWXUDO 3URGXFW 6HW Five women chose blue advertisement. No one chose the II (120 molecules), and various other molecular libraries. brown advertisement. . In general, the results showed Each potential drug will be compared to a standard that exactly 50% of the participants’ purchasing decisions RI DPLQRJO\FRVLGHV DQG ZLOO EH LGHQWLÀHG IRU SRWHQWLDO would be affected by the product color. This supported antimicrobial activity with bacterial zone of inhibition my hypothesis that the vibrant colors would draw more studies, which will be performed in another study. attention. In conclusion, the results of this study support the hypothesis. For the participants in this study, color Poster Board No. 012 EFFECT OF MOLECULAR affected their purchasing decisions. CROWDING ON ENZYME ACTIVITY AND STRUCTURE. Karan R. Naik, [email protected], Sameer J. Prasad, sameerpd@ Poster Board No. 010 POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL hotmail.com, 1241 Beech Trail Drive, Centerville OH 45458. ACTIVITY OF HERBS AND VARIOUS SMALL MOLECULES (Centerville High School) UTILIZING KIRBY-BAUER DISC DIFFUSION ASSAYS. Sheri L. Marcum, [email protected]., (John Means, jmeans@ Activity of enzymes within cells differs from that in dilute rio.edu), University of Rio Grande, 19704 State Route 160, solutions due to the high concentration of macromolecules Vinton OH 45686. in cellular environments. This effect–”molecular crowding” –affects the kinetic processes of enzymes. The biochemical 7KH DQWLPLFURELDO SURSHUWLHV RI KHUEV LGHQWLÀHG WKURXJK effects of crowding can be mimicked in vitro using inert published anecdotal reports and computational molecular crowding agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) docking may hold the key for effective treatment against and Ficoll®. The effect of molecular crowding–through drug resistant strains of bacteria. The purpose of this the addition of PEG-6000–on alkaline phosphatase (AP) research is to examine potential antimicrobial activity of activity as a model enzyme was examined, with a focus herbal extracts and various small molecules against Gram- on kinetic activity, thermal stability, and structure positive bacteria, while providing in vivo data for future (N=6). AP was found to be most active in 20% (wt/vol) UHVHDUFK7KHVPDOOPROHFXOHVIRUWHVWLQJZLOOEHLGHQWLÀHG PEG-6000 as determined by using Michaelis-Menten and solubilized as part of a different project, utilizing kinetics. For pure AP, the Vmax (maximum velocity) and Km virtual screening against a selected target in Gram-positive (Michaelis constant) were found to be 0.133 and 0.0595 bacteria. A second project will select and extract herbs P0UHVSHFWLYHO\+RZHYHUIROORZLQJWKHDGGLWLRQRI3(*
LGHQWLÀHGWKURXJKSXEOLVKHGDQHFGRWDOUHSRUWVRIDQWLELRWLF 6000, the Vmax and Km values increased to 0.167 and 0.0636 activity, utilizing peer-reviewed literature to eliminate P0LQGLFDWLQJDQLPSURYHPHQWLQHQ]\PHHIÀFLHQF\7KLV herbs previously studied with Gram-positive bacteria. increase can be attributed to the excluded volume effect, Only small molecules and herbs that are water soluble in which PEG-6000 decreases the substrate diffusion rate and will be tested in this study. This research will employ the increases enzyme activity. Interestingly, the enzyme was also .LUE\%DXHU GLVF GLIIXVLRQ PHWKRG XWLOL]LQJ WKH *UDP found to be stable at 65°C in the presence of 20% PEG-6000. positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. Small blank discs &LUFXODUGLFKURLVP &' VSHFWURVFRS\LQGLFDWHGWKDWWKHDOSKD will be impregnated with aqueous solutions of herbs and helicity of AP increased in the presence of 20% PEG-6000. The VPDOOPROHFXOHVDQGZLOOEHSODFHGRQ0XHOOHU+LQWRQDJDU results of the experiments validate the effect of molecularly inoculated with B. subtilis. After incubation for forty eight crowded environments on the activity and stability of enzymes hours at 37°C, the agar plates will be analyzed for a zone by affecting both the substrate diffusion rate and structure. of inhibition around the discs. Although these herbs and Molecularly crowding can be a useful parameter for controlling small molecules may demonstrate antimicrobial activity, the properties of enzymes for in vitro applications. A-14 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
Poster Board No. 013 INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS rockets.utoledo.edu, Ryan W. Jackwood ryan.jackwood@ OF VITAMIN E ON THE DEGREE OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN rockets.utoledo.edu, Daryl F. Dwyer daryl.dwyer@utoledo. THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER MEMBRANE SYSTEM. Regina edu, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, M. Friedl*, [email protected] and (Nisreen A. Nusair, Toledo, OH 4360 [email protected]), Walsh University, 2020 E. Maple St. mailbox # 398, North Canton OH 44720. In northwest Ohio, biosolids are routinely applied to DJULFXOWXUDO ÀHOGV D SUDFWLFH WKDW PD\ UHVXOW LQ WKH Membranes are vital part of most forms of life. Lipid addition of harmful microorganisms to the environment peroxidation in membranes is of great importance because by drain tiles. The advection dispersion model was used LW PRGLÀHV WKH VWUXFWXUDO DQG G\QDPLF SURSHUWLHV RI to determine soil depths for two typical Ohio soils (silt PHPEUDQHV ZKLFK LQ WXUQ LQÁXHQFHV WKH PHPEUDQH·V loam and sandy loam) that result in drain tile densities of function. Lipid peroxidation in membranes plays a central Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli that are below EPA role in many pathologic processes, including cancer, surface water regulations (235 CFU/100 ml E.coli, 33 CFU/ Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, and type II diabetes. 100 ml Enterococcus). Soil was packed in triplicate PVC Vitamin E is an important lipid-soluble vitamin that acts FROXPQVIRUHDFKGHSWK FP %LRVROLGVDPHQGHG as antioxidant and protects against lipid peroxidation in with E. coli (3.5x107 col/mL) and Enterococcus (3.1x107 membranes. In this study, different amounts of vitamin E FROP/ ZHUH PL[HG LQWR DOO VRLO VXUIDFHV 'HLRQL]HG (0 mol%, 2.5 mol%, 5 mol%, and 10 mol%) are incorporated ZDWHU ZDV SDVVHG WKURXJK WKH FROXPQ &ROXPQ HIÁXHQW LQWRWKH'/3&PRGHOPHPEUDQHV\VWHPWRH[DPLQHKRZ was collected over time and bacteria enumerated. Silt vitamin E affects the degree of lipid peroxidation in the loam yielded 0.15% of E. coli and 0.01% of Enterococcus membrane using UV-VIS Spectroscopy. When 10 mol% whereas sandy loam yielded 20% of E. coli and 0.87% of of vitamin E is incorporated into the model membrane EnterococcusZKHQFRPSDULQJPD[LPXPHIÁXHQWGHQVLWLHV system, the absorbance decreases by 25%. This result to the initial amended bacteria. Elapsed time to maximum indicates that the degree of lipid peroxidation decreases HIÁXHQW GHQVLWLHV ZHUH IROG KLJKHU LQ WKH VLOW ORDP in the membrane. One remarkable feature of all biological soil, demonstrating as predicted that smaller particle PHPEUDQHV LV WKHLU G\QDPLF SURSHUWLHV RU ÁXLGLW\ VL]HGVRLOVZLWKVORZHUÁXLGYHORFLW\UHWDLQEDFWHULDORQJHU Therefore, this work is also focused on studying how the DOORZLQJ IRU JUHDWHU ÀOWUDWLRQ :LWK UHVSHFW WR GHSWK incorporation of different amounts of vitamin E into the ERWKVRLOW\SHVH[KLELWHGVLJQLÀFDQWUHGXFWLRQVRIHIÁXHQW PHPEUDQH V\VWHP DIIHFWV WKH ÁXLGLW\ RI WKH PHPEUDQH bacteria between 30cm and 60cm columns (silt loam utilizing Fluorescence Polarization (FP) Spectroscopy. reduces E. coli by 22.2 fold, and sandy loam reduces E. coli The results indicate that the FP value increases 8% when by 8.8 fold) 10% of vitamin E added to the membrane. An increase LQ WKH )3 YDOXH LPSOLHV D GHFUHDVH LQ WKH ÁXLGLW\ RI WKH Poster Board No. 016 SHORT-TERM ANALYSIS OF membrane. The attained data indicate that vitamin E EFFECT OF RESVERATROL ON C. ELEGANS. Rohan M. serves as structural antioxidant. Vitamin E is highly Prasad, [email protected], 808 Wedgewood Drive, effective at preventing lipid peroxidation because its Bellefontaine OH 43311. (Bellefontaine High School) structure decreases the availability of oxygen, as well as, creates a steric hindrance to the radical chain reactions. Resveratrol is an anti-microbial compound found in many natural substances including grapes, wine, and sea weed. Poster Board No. 014 THE EFFECTS OF SPINAL Previous studies have shown that resveratrol extends the CURVATURES ON VITAL LUNG CAPACITY AND BLOOD lifespan of yeast cells and stimulates the enzyme silent PRESSURE IN HUMANS. Ryan R. Cahall. rrc004@marietta. information regulator (SIR2). A similar mechanism has edu, (Jennifer A. Hancock, [email protected]), Marietta been observed in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. College, 215 Fifth Street, Marietta OH 45750. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the lifespan of C. elegans. To measure The spinal column provides a central foundation for the lifespan, synchronous culturing was conducted by body and protects the spinal cord from damage. The effects incubating L4 stage animals on nematode growth media of the curvature of the spine are currently studied by many (NGM) for 48 hours. Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) was scientists, especially by holistic medical care providers. added to the NGM to inhibit reproduction. For treatment The goal of this research is to understand how spinal with resveratrol, the drug was mixed into the NGM prior curvatures in the sagittal plane correlate with organ to incubation. The surviving animals were then counted V\VWHPVRIWKHKXPDQERG\6SHFLÀFDOO\WKLVUHVHDUFKZLOO and reported as the percentage of the animals inoculated. analyze the relationship between cervical spinal curvature :LOGW\SH 1 DQG'5 VWUDLQVZHUHWHVWHG'5 DQG EORRG SUHVVXUH %3 DQG WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ a daf-16(m26) daf-2(e1370) double mutant, was used to thoracic spinal curvature and vital lung capacity (VC). The investigate the effects of resveratrol on animals with thoracic kyphosis and cervical lordosis of 60 subjects will decreased lifespan. In N2 animals, the mean percentage be measured using inclinometers. Additionally, the range of survival without resveratrol treatment (n=10) was of motion for both spinal regions will be measured. VC will 73.3 +/- 5.19% while the mean percentage with treatment be measured in four positions (sitting, standing, sitting Q ZDV,Q'5 DQLPDOVWKHPHDQ slouched, and sitting with lumbar support) for each subject percentage of survival without resveratrol treatment XVLQJDVSLURPHWHU%3ZLOOEHPHDVXUHGXVLQJDVWHWKRVFRSH (n=10) was 64.0 +/- 6.77% while the mean percentage with and a sphygmometer. Each cervical measurement will treatment (n=10) was 79.7 +/- 4.33%. These results suggest EH UHJUHVVHG DJDLQVW WKH PHDVXUHPHQW RI %3 DQG HDFK that resveratrol increases the lifespan of C. elegans. thoracic measurement will be regressed against VC using a multivariate linear regression. Additionally, a principal Poster Board No. 017 RUNNING BAREFOOT VS. components analysis for each spinal region will be used to RUNNING SHOD.Julie A. Normand, [email protected], determine the spinal measurement that contributes to the and Jennifer A. Hancock, [email protected] Box 1389, PRVWYDULDELOLW\VHHQLQHLWKHU%3RU9&,WLVK\SRWKHVL]HG Marietta College, Marietta OH 45750 that a decrease in cervical lordosis will cause an increase LQ%3GXHWRVWHQRVLVRIYHUWHEUDODUWHULDOFLUFXODWLRQ$OVR The purpose of this project is to analyze the differences in it is expected that an increase in thoracic kyphosis will performance between running barefoot and running with cause a decrease in VC due to decreased anterior-posterior VKRHV+XPDQVXEMHFWVZLOOEHXVHGWRDQDO\]HWKLVSRVVLEOH movements of the rib cage. performance difference by running various distances both with and without running shoes on. Twenty participants Poster Board No. 015 PREDICTING ROLES OF SOIL in good physical condition capable of running at least DEPTH AND TYPE ON TRANSPORT OF ESCHERICHIA one mile will be assessed. Each participant will be asked COLI AND ENTEROCOCCUS SPP. USING AN ADVECTION to run 200m, 800m, and 1 mile in both the barefoot and DISPERSION MODEL Danielle M. Long Danielle.long2@ shod condition. The data to be collected will be the time it VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A15 takes to complete each trial, the number of steps it takes Poster Board No. 020 CHARACTERIZATION OF A to complete each trial, stride length, and stride frequency. FRAMESHIFT MUTATION IN A RAT SRY GENE. Dawn M. These data will then be used to determine if there is any Pietrzak, [email protected], Jeremy W. Prokop, difference between running barefoot and running with [email protected], Amy Milsted, milsted@uakron. shoes on by comparing data within individuals using edu, University of Akron, Department of Biology, Akron OH a multivariate analysis of variance. It is believed that 44325-3908. UXQQLQJ EDUHIRRW ZLOO EH PRUH EHQHÀFLDO RYHU ORQJHU distances at a more moderate pace, whereas running with Sry, the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome, is VKRHVRQZLOOEHPRUHEHQHÀFLDORYHUVKRUWHUGLVWDQFHVDW the primary developmental switch in testis determination a quick pace. and affects the sympathetic nervous system and the renin- angiotensin system. Four newly discovered Sry loci were Poster Board No. 018 THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE AND LGHQWLÀHGIURPWKHUDW<FKURPRVRPHVHTXHQFLQJSURMHFW CAFFEINE DEPRIVATION ON MEMORY IN MUS MUSCULUS. 2QHRIWKHVHFRQWDLQVDIUDPHVKLIWPXWDWLRQLQWKH+0* Emile L. Shartle, [email protected], Katrina Lustofin, ER[WKHUHJLRQWKDWELQGVWR'1$7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKHVH [email protected], 606 Oneal Street, Belpre OH, 45714. experiments was to characterize this non+0*Sry gene, in order to understand the gene’s structure and function. Though the effects of caffeine have been shown to prevent *HQRPLF'1$VDPSOHVZHUHLVRODWHGIURP6SRQWDQHRXVO\ or slow cognitive defects in individuals already suffering +\SHUWHQVLYH 5DW 6+5 :LVWDU .\RWR UDW :.< DQG from neurological diseases, fewer studies have produced other strains of Rattus norvigicus. PCR primer sets were consistent data when healthy individuals were utilized. GHYHORSHGWKDWDOORZHGWKHDPSOLÀFDWLRQRIRQO\WKHQRQ The effect of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on long-term +0* 6U\ FRQWDLQLQJ WKH IUDPH VKLIW PXWDWLRQ. The 969, memory in the house mouse, Mus musculus, was tested 1161, and 946 base pair amplicons were cloned into the XVLQJDPRGLÀHG0RUULVZDWHUPD]HRYHUDVL[PRQWKWLPH H[SUHVVLRQ YHFWRU S()P\F+LV & WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR span. A caffeinated peanut butter mixture correlating E.coli TAM-1 cells, DQG SODWHG RQ DPSLFLOOLQ /% SODWHV to 10mg/kg was administered to two treatment groups %DFWHULDO FRORQLHV ZHUH VFUHHQHG VHTXHQFHG DQG '1$ consisting of 4 mice each. A placebo of plain peanut butter ZDV WUDQVIHFWHG LQWR &+2 FHOOV 7KH SURWHLQV H[SUHVVHG was administered to yet another group of 4 mice. Ten were visualized using a western blot. The clones were then minutes after consumption of the peanut butter, the mice cotransfected together with luciferase vectors under the were subject to timed maze trials. After approximately control of Sry1, Agt, ACE, and ACE2 promoters to see if 14 days, the time required for addiction in humans, the protein product regulated promoters’ activity. Reporter mice were considered addicted to the caffeine treatment. JHQH DFWLYLW\ GLG QRW FKDQJH VLJQLÀFDQWO\ FRPSDUHG WR At this time, one caffeine treatment group was given a previously reported normalized results, indicating that replacement placebo mixture and tested for an additional there was no apparent function of the protein in this assay. 14 days. It is hypothesized that mice given caffeine after a The non+0* Sry gene is highly conserved in three rat trial introduction will perform better than those without. strains. Since conserved genes usually are functional, it is It is also expected that mice will perform more poorly necessary to perform other types of analyses to identify the when removed from the caffeine diet than mice who were gene’s role. never introduced to caffeine. The data collected will be DQDO\]HGE\ZD\RI$129$VSHFLÀFDOO\WDUJHWLQJFDIIHLQH Poster Board No. 021 AN EXAMINATION OF THE dosage versus speed of platform discovery, pending further EFFECT OF INCREASED COGNITIVE PROCESSING ON research. HUMAN METABOLIC RATES. A. A. Hendrickson (hendriaa@ mountunion.edu), H. L. Snyder ([email protected]), (Spiro Mavroidis, [email protected]). University of Poster Board No. 019 EFFECT OF COLOR IN THE Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601 SELECTION OF A SITE TO DEPOSIT EGGS BY FEMALE MOSQUITOES. Garretson M Oester, garretoester@gmail. This study determined if increased cognitive processing com, 5673 Euclid Rd, Cincinnati OH 45236. (Walnut Hills High (i.e., thinking) alters metabolic rates. Glucose is the School) primary molecule in metabolism and is used to produce ATP WKURXJKFHOOXODUUHVSLUDWLRQ+RZHYHUPD[LPXPJOXFRVH Mosquitoes are both a nuisance and a vector of infectious levels in the brain are rarely reached due to constant use by diseases. Annually, mosquito-borne diseases kill over one various cognitive mental processes. The amount of glucose million people worldwide. One way to disrupt the spread being catabolized by the brain and the rest of the body can of these diseases is to reduce the mosquito population. be calculated indirectly by measuring the rate of oxygen This project investigated the impact of container color on consumption, which can be used to measure the metabolic where female mosquitoes deposit eggs. The hypothesis rate of an individual. The purpose of this experiment was was that color affects the selection of a site to deposit eggs. to determine if human metabolic rate increases during %ODFNZKLWHUHGRUDQJH\HOORZJUHHQEOXHDQGSXUSOH increased cognitive processing as a direct result of glucose EXFNHWVZHUHWHVWHGLQWULSOLFDWH%XFNHWVZHUHÀOOHGZLWK absorption by the brain detected through oxygen intake, three liters of water, randomly placed in a 4 x 6 grid, carbon dioxide expulsion, and heart rate monitoring. and left undisturbed for ten days. At the end of the trial, Individuals were predicted to have elevated metabolic the larvae and pupae in each bucket were counted. Five DQG KHDUW UDWHV ZKLOH HQJDJHG LQ GLIÀFXOW FRJQLWLYH WULDOV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG KRZHYHU WKH ÀIWK WULDO RFFXUUHG tasks compared to their resting pre-treatment rates. during a period of cold weather, resulting in only 7 larvae Approximately twenty college-aged students participated WRWDO ,Q WKH ÀUVW IRXU WULDOV D WRWDO RI ODUYDH ZHUH in this study. The test subjects were to breathe normally FRXQWHG7KHWWHVWVKRZHGVLJQLÀFDQWGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ through a mask; exhaled air was constantly sampled, and black and white (p=0.0076); orange (p=0.011); yellow O2 and CO2 concentrations were measured. In addition, (p=0.0097); green (p=0.009); and purple (0.013). Red was D SXOVH DQG DLUÁRZ WUDQVGXFHU ZHUH XVHG WR PHDVXUH DOVRVLJQLÀFDQWO\GLIIHUHQWIURPZKLWH S ZLWKWKH KHDUWUDWHDQGUHVSLUDWRU\YROXPHVUHVSHFWLYHO\'XULQJ probability analysis for orange (p=0.063); yellow (p=0.057); each trial, an individual’s metabolic rate was measured green (p=0.052); and purple (p=0.069). ANOVA analysis, while resting quietly for 20-30 minutes. After the resting assuming the null hypothesis, was p < 0.0001. The results measurements, metabolic rates were measured for 20-30 VXJJHVWWKDWFRQWDLQHUFRORULQÁXHQFHVIHPDOHPRVTXLWRHV PLQXWHVZKLOHWKHWHVWVXEMHFWFRPSOHWHGÀYHPHQWDOWDVNV LQVLWHVHOHFWLRQIRUGHSRVLWLQJHJJV%ODFNDQGSRVVLEO\UHG chosen at random. Paired T-tests were used to analyze could be used to attract female mosquitoes and disrupt before and after measurements. the maturation of eggs into adults through periodic, physical removal of the stagnant water or by incorporating Poster Board No. 022 ISOLATION OF A CG17568 NULL pesticides which disrupt the maturation cycle. MUTANT THROUGH THE FLP-FRT RECOMBINATION SYSTEM IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Eric W. Krolik (ekrolik09@ A-16 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 students.ndc.edu), Kristopher K. Trahan (ktrahan09@ edu, 1The University of Findlay, College of Sciences, Findlay students.ndc.edu), Ryan Phillips (rphillips08@students. OH 45840 and 2Findlay OH 45840 (Findlay High School). ndc.edu), Brittany N. Stawicki ([email protected]. edu), Matthew L. Johnson ([email protected]) Notre Dame The freezing and thawing of boar semen produces large College, 4545 College Road, South Euclid, OH 44121 amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that negatively affect spermatozoa quality prior to in vitro fertilization :KLOH WKH IUXLW Á\ VSHFLHV Drosophila melanogaster has (IVF). Antioxidants supplemented to the semen been extensively studied for over 100 years, many of its extenders have been shown to improve the viability of genes still have no assigned function; therefore, this study the spermatozoa and lessen the harmful effects of ROS in VRXJKWWRGHÀQHWKHIXQFWLRQRI&*ZKLFKLVORFDWHG the environment. Increasing the quality of frozen-thawed RQWKHVHFRQGFKURPRVRPHDQGKDVSUHGLFWHG&+]LQF semen will increase the success rate of IVF produced ÀQJHU GRPDLQV DQG $'=LQF ÀQJHU GRPDLQ ,QLWLDOO\ porcine embryos suitable for research purposes. Samples D )/3)57 V\VWHP ZDV LPSOHPHQWHG IRU WKH VSHFLÀF RI IUR]HQ ERDU VHPHQ Q ZDV WKDZHG LQ 'XOEHFFR·V removal of the CG17568 genomic region. This system 3%6VXSSOHPHQWHGZLWKHLWKHUP0JOXWDWKLRQH *6+ induces recombination between FRT sites in the presence P01DFHW\OF\VWHLQH 1$& RUP0*6+DQG of a heat shock promoter-driven FLP recombinase protein. mM NAC and then incubated in Tris fertilization media FRT sites that are located at the 5’ or 3’ genomic region of supplemented with the same treatments. Approximately CG17568 of a homologous chromosome pair were chosen 1 h post-thawing, spermatozoa were analyzed for forward DQG VSHFLÀF UHFRPELQDWLRQ ZDV LQGXFHG WR UHPRYH WKH progressive motility, viability and acrosomal status. It FRGLQJUHJLRQRI&*(IÀFLHQF\RIWKHUHFRPELQDWLRQ LV K\SRWKHVL]HG WKDW WKH VXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI ERWK *6+ event between FRT sites can be measured by the loss and NAC will create a favorable thawing environment to of the transgenic white gene, a gene responsible for red reduce oxidative stress and improve spermatozoa quality. eyes in D. melanogaster and located between the utilized 7KHUH ZHUH QR VLJQLÀFDQW GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ WUHDWPHQW FRT sites. To date, 22 independent D. melanogaster lines groups when evaluating forward progressive motility KDYH EHHQ LVRODWHG ZKLFK PD\ FRQWDLQ WKH GHÀFLHQF\ and viability 1 h after thawing. Supplementing with 5.0 Lines were initially isolated based upon observation of the P0*6+ RUP0*6+DQG1$& change in red eyes to white eyes. Current goals include VLJQLÀFDQWO\ GHFUHDVHG 3 WKH QXPEHU 3&5 YHULÀFDWLRQ RI UHFRPELQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WZR )57 of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes 1 h after thawing VLWHV WKDW ÁDQN &* WKURXJK WKH XVDJH RI SULPHUV FRPSDUHGWRQRVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQGP0 VSHFLÀF WR WKH UHPDLQLQJ JHQRPLF UHJLRQ DQG SULPHUV 1$&VXSSOHPHQWDWLRQ 5HVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDW VSHFLÀFWRWKH)57EHDULQJWUDQVJHQLFFRQVWUXFWV)LQDOO\ supplementing NAC to the media reduces the oxidative DIWHUYHULÀFDWLRQRIWKHUHPRYDORI&*LVFRQÀUPHG stress associated with semen thawing in boars. the null phenotype will be explored and aid in further understanding of the in vivo UROHRI]LQFÀQJHUSURWHLQV Poster Board No. 025 THE EFFECTS OF GLUCURONIC ACID AND N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION Poster Board No. 023 DETERMINING A DEVELOPMEN- ON THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF PORCINE OOCYTES. Kara TAL WINDOW FOR THE EFFECT OF POLYCHLORINATED BI- R. Schmidt, [email protected], Kathleen M. Dalton, PHENYL (PCB) ON ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATION (USV) IN [email protected], Casey Durfey, durfeyc@findlay. SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RAT PUPS. Hannah Duffy, hduffy@fal- edu, (Brian D. Whitaker), [email protected], College of con.bgsu.edu., (Lee A. Meserve). Bowling Green State Uni- Sciences, The University of Findlay, 1000 North Main Street, versity. 312 Kreischer Ashley Hall, 1416 Ridge Street, Bowl- Findlay OH 45840. ing Green, OH 43403 The purpose of this study is to assess the in vitro fertil- Commercial manufacturing and widespread use of poly- ization (IVF) and embryonic development of pig oocytes FKORULQDWHGELSKHQ\O 3&% LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVKDYHOHIW supplemented with the perivitelline space components lasting negative effects on the environment. These persis- JOXFXURQLF DFLG DQG 1DFHW\O'JOXFRVDPLQH *OF1$F tent contaminants continue to bioaccumulate in the food 7KH JRDO RI WKLV SURMHFW LV WR GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU VSHFLÀF web because of their stable structure, long half-life, and treatments of these perivitelline space components have a KLJK OLSRSKLOLFLW\ $GGLQJ 3&% LQWR WKH GLHW RI 6SUDJXH VLJQLÀFDQWHIIHFWRQUHGXFLQJWKHLQFLGHQFHRISRO\VSHUPLF 'DZOH\5DWVDOWHUVWKHWK\URLGVWDWXVRIRIIVSULQJDVZHOO penetration during IVF and increasing the subsequent de- as maternal and pup behavior. To determine a critical pe- velopmental rate of embryos. The hypothesis of this study riod or “window” of development with the greatest impact is that supplementing both glucuronic acid and GlcNAc to RI 3&% H[SRVXUH RI IHPDOHV RQ RIIVSULQJ ÀWQHVV IHPDOH the maturation media of the oocytes will increase the thick- 6SUDJXH'DZOH\UDWVZHUHPDWHGDQGIHG3&%GLHW SSP ness of the perivitelline space and decrease the incidence 3&%DQG3&%LQVWDQGDUGUDWFKRZ GXULQJRQHRI of polyspermic penetration. Oocytes (n = 300) were supple- ÀYH WZR ZHHN ´GHYHORSPHQW ZLQGRZVµ 8OWUDVRQLF YRFDO- mented with either 0.01 mM glucuronic acid and 0.01 mM L]DWLRQV 869 ZHUHUHFRUGHGRQSXSSRVWQDWDOGD\ 31' GlcNAc or 0.005 mM glucuronic acid and 0.05 mM GlcNAc DQG *URRPLQJ EHKDYLRU 31' RSHQ during the last 48 h of maturation. After maturation oo- ÀHOGEHKDYLRU 31' DQGSOD\EHKDYLRU 31' ZDV cytes will be evaluated for zona pellucida and perivitelline also observed in pups. Preliminary data show that control space thickness. After IVF, zygotes will be evaluated for SXSV SODLQPDVKGLHW HPLWLVRODWLRQ869V N+] DWD FRUWLFDOJUDQXOHUHOHDVHLQWUDFHOOXODU*6+FRQFHQWUDWLRQV JUHDWHUUDWHRQ31'3 (average 155.25/2 min. n=10) and and IVF kinetics. Embryos will be cultured and evaluated 31' DYHUDJHPLQQ WKDQWKRVHJLYHQ3&% for cleavage and blastocyst formation at 48 h and 144 h af- GXULQJZHHNVRIODFWDWLRQ 31'DYHUDJH PLQ ter IVF, respectively. These results will then be compared Q 31'PLQQ ,WLVDQWLFLSDWHGWKDWWKRVH to unsupplemented oocytes for their IVF characteristics by SXSV IURP GDPV JLYHQ 3&% GLHW IURP the start of gesta- analyzing all data using ANOVA. WLRQWRHDUO\ODFWDWLRQZLOOHPLWDVLJQLÀFDQWO\JUHDWHUUDWH RILVRODWLRQ869VDVZHOODVDOWHUHGJURRPLQJRSHQÀHOG Poster Board No. 026 ANALYSIS OF ZONA PELLUCIDA and play behavior. Further behavioral testing as well as MODIFICATIONS RESULTING FROM THE IN VITRO analysis of thyroid hormone status will likely demonstrate FERTILIZATION OF PIG OOCYTES. Chelsea Fahy, fahyc@ WKDW3&%H[SRVXUHGXULQJDSDUWLFXODUZHHN´ZLQGRZµ findlay.edu, Kaitlyn Lemon, [email protected], Taylor M. has the greatest impact on pup behavior. Donley, [email protected], (Brian D. Whitaker), whitaker@ findlay.edu, College of Sciences, The University of Findlay, Poster Board No. 024 THE EFFECTS OF GLUTATHIONE 1000 North Main Street, Findlay OH 45840. AND N-ACETYL-CYSTEINE SUPPLEMENTATION TO THE THAWING MEDIA OF FROZEN-THAWED BOAR SEMEN. Casey The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro Durfey1, [email protected], Samuel Duling2, Samuel_ fertilization (IVF) characteristics of pig oocytes [email protected], Brian D. Whitaker1, whitaker@findlay. supplemented with the perivitelline space components VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A17
JOXFXURQLF DFLG DQG 1DFHW\O'JOXFRVDPLQH *OF1$F querying the public database of a published, representative The goal of this project is to determine if different levels of set of proteins with known structures, the program will *OF1$FDQGJOXFXURQLFDFLGKDYHDVLJQLÀFDQWHIIHFWRQWKH deliver statistics of the disordered domains of these IVF kinetics and structural changes of the zona pellucida proteins. The next phase of this application will analyze proteins. The hypothesis is that supplementing both the results and test the hypothesis. glucuronic acid and GlcNAc will improve IVF kinetics and allow for visible structural changes of the zona pellucida Poster Board No. 029 ROLE OF BACTERIAL BIO-FLIM IN after spermatozoon penetration. Oocytes (n = 300) will be GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING FOR BIOCEMENTATION AND supplemented during the last 24 hours of maturation. The BIO-CLOGGING OF SOIL IN-SITU. Natasha Preethi Kesav. treatment groups will be 0.01 mM glucuronic acid, 0.01 [email protected]. 4985 Chestnut Hill Drive, Mason mM GlcNAc, 0.01 mM glucuronic acid and GlcNAc, and OH 45040 0.005 mM glucuronic acid and GlcNAc. Zonae pellucidae prior to and after IVF will be isolated and their proteins Earthquakes and landslides affect human lives, property will then be separated and characterized using standard and environment. Sometimes soil liquefaction is the primary Western blotting techniques. The remaining zygotes IDFWRU%LRFHPHQWDWLRQXVLQJPLFURELDOJHRWHFKQRORJ\LV will be evaluated for penetration rates and subsequent a promising area of research. This study determined the pronuclear formation. These results will then be compared HIIHFWLYHQHVVRIEDFWHULDOELRÀOPLQUHGXFLQJWKHK\GUDXOLF to unsupplemented oocytes for the same endpoints by conductivity of soil, thereby preventing soil liquefaction analyzing all data using ANOVA. GXU LQJVHLVPLFVWUHVV7HVWWXEHVFRQWDLQLQJÀ [HGDPRXQWRI sand saturated with equal amounts of water were inoculated Poster Board No. 027 EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THE with increasing concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus CELL CYCLE. David Conti ([email protected]); Graham cultures. Samples were tested against sterile control Rossi ([email protected]); Michael Edelbrock, PhD, The samples with two variables bacterial concentrations and University of Findlay, Mail Stop 1051, 1000 North Main St., sample ages. All samples, incubated overnight at 30°C, Findlay OH 45840. were subjected to shear stress for an hour in an orbital VKDNHUWRVLPXODWHVHLVPLFVWUHVV+\GUDXOLFFRQGXFWLYLW\ 'XULQJ WKH FHOO F\FOH WKH '1$ PLVPDWFK UHSDLU 005 of samples was estimated and recorded after the stress SDWKZD\LVDFWLYDWHGWKDWFRUUHFWVPLVSDLUHG'1$EDVHV WHVW7KHYDULDEOHV$WDQGLRI'DUF\·V/DZZHUHFRQVWDQW DQGGHWHFWVGDPDJH8SRQ'1$DOWHUDWLRQWKHFHOOF\FOH in each sample set, Therefore K is directly proportional to PD\EHGHOD\HGWRDOORZVXIÀFLHQWWLPHWRDIIHFWDUHSDLU Q and hydraulic conductivity of each sample set was based response. This time delay should be detectable and may RQZDWHUÁRZ'D\RQHVKRZHGK\GUDXOLFFRQGXFWLYLWLHV SURYLGH DQ LQGLUHFW PHDVXUHPHQW RI '1$ GDPDJH ZKHQ of 2.5 in the control sample and 2.0 in the samples with compared to non-damaged cells. Since cadmium is a known high concentration of bacteria. The hydraulic conductivity human carcinogen, it was hypothesized that it would values remained constant for the control, days 1 through cause a delay in the cell cycle of treated cells. A thymidine GD\%DFWHULDLQRFXODWHGVDPSOHVVKRZHGDVWHDG\GURS block was used to obtain cell synchrony for cultures of in hydraulic conductivity resulting in a complete loss of WKH KXPDQ FDQFHU FHOO OLQHV +H/D +H/D 05 DQG +&7 ZDWHUÁRZE\GD\7KHUHZDVDFRPSOHWHORVVRIK\GUDXOLF 116 cells. Addition of thymidine arrests cells in the G1/S conductivity in all the samples by day 5. There was a 100% ERXQGDU\ E\ SUHYHQWLQJ '1$ V\QWKHVLV 6XEVHTXHQWO\ decrease in the hydraulic conductivity by days 4 and 5, and cells were released from the thymidine block and recovered at least a 500% decrease in the same when compared with at multiple time points (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 hours) in order the control by days 4 and 5. The study revealed that there
WR GHWHUPLQH WKH VSHFLÀF WLPHV WKDW *1, S, and G2/M was a decrease in hydraulic conductivity values over time, RFFXU 'XSOLFDWH FXOWXUHV ZHUH WUHDWHG ZLWK FDGPLXP in samples with bacteria, whereas they remained constant X0 &HOOV ZHUH À[HG ZLWK HWKDQRO DQG VWDLQHG ZLWK IRUFRQWURO%DFWHULDOELRÀOPOLNHO\UHGXFHGWKHK\GUDXOLF SURSLGLXPLRGLGH&HOOVZHUHDQDO\]HGE\ÁRZF\WRPHWU\ conductivity of soil, thereby increasing its compression IRU QXFOHDU '1$ FRQWHQW ZKHUH '1$ FRQWHQW FDQ EH strength and lowering risk of soil liquefaction. used to determine percentages of cells in G1, S and G2/M phases. Preliminary data indicates a delay in the cell cycle Poster Board No. 030 ISOLATION AND AMPLIFICATION SURJUHVVLRQRIFDGPLXPWUHDWHG+&7FHOOVLQGLFDWLYHRI OF DNA FROM FORMALIN-PRESERVED CRINOIDS. Anna L. D'1$GDPDJHUHVSRQVH Bitting, [email protected], The University of Findlay, 1000 N. Main St., Findlay, Ohio 45840; Cassie J. Wallwey, Poster Board No. 028 DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE [email protected], Beth A. Palmer, bethpalmer14@ PACKAGE TO ANALYZE PROTEIN INTRINSIC DISORDER. gmail.com, Arlington High School, Arlington, Ohio; James Eck, [email protected], Nathan Meek, meekn@findlay. (Christopher M. White), [email protected], The University edu, Lindsey Lauer, [email protected], Mitchell D Culbert, of Findlay. [email protected], Charles Koch, kochc@findlay. edu, Ryan Spath, [email protected], (Helen Schneider Crinoid taxonomy has classically been diagnosed based [email protected]), (Xu Lu [email protected]). 190 W on morphological characters. Recent work has shown a Church St, Rawson, OH 45881. College of Sciences, The majority of these characters to be plastic and therefore University of Findlay, Findlay OH 45840. the taxonomy clouded. Studies are being done using molecular characters to delineate species, genera and Proteins play essential roles in cellular metabolism. It was families, but the paucity of specimens available in North traditionally believed that proteins could only perform their $PHULFDPDNHVWKHXVHRIIUHVKPDWHULDOGLIÀFXOWDWEHVW IXQFWLRQVDIWHUWKH\KDGIROGHGSURSHUO\+RZHYHUUHFHQW The use of museum specimens would open a wider array studies indicate that many protein domains do not have of materials for molecular investigation. Unfortunately, pre-formed structures in the cell, yet deliver important PDQ\ DUH SUHVHUYHG LQ IRUPDOLQ ZKLFK FURVVOLQNV '1$ functions. This phenomenon is called protein intrinsic DQG SURWHLQV PDNLQJ WKH '1$ XQDYDLODEOH IRU 3&5 DQG disorder and an increasing evidence suggests that this '1$ VHTXHQFLQJ 6HYHUDO SURWRFROV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG phenomenon plays a critical role in the function of many IRU UHOHDVLQJ '1$ FURVVOLQNHG E\ IRUPDOLQ SUHVHUYDWLRQ SURWHLQV2YHUDOODQLQWULQVLFDOO\GLVRUGHUHGGRPDLQ ,'' LQ DPSKLELDQV UHSWLOHV ÀVK PROOXVNV FUXVWDFHDQV DQG on a protein typically contains disproportional percentages nematodes, with varying amounts of success. The goal of amino acid residues with hydrophilic side chains. RI WKLV VWXG\ LV WR LVRODWH '1$ IURP IRUPDOLQSUHVHUYHG +RZHYHU WKH H[DFW DPLQR DFLG FRPSRVLWLRQV PD\ GLIIHU crinoids in order to facilitate further taxonomic research. LQGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRI,''VDQGWKLVLVRXUK\SRWKHVLV)RU Protocols previously developed by other authors are being H[DPSOHDVPDOODQGDELJ,''PD\KDYHGLIIHUHQWDPLQR tested for their usefulness in this class with preference acid compositions. The purpose of this project is to design being given to protocols developed for other invertebrate a software package to analyze intrinsically disordered taxa. Early tests have shown little success in isolating GRPDLQV SDUWLFXODUO\ WKHLU DPLQR DFLG FRPSRVLWLRQV %\ '1$XVHIXOIRU3&5EXWH[SHULPHQWVDUHRQJRLQJ A-18 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
Poster Board No. 031 GENERATION OF A PROKARYOTIC Each year, 7.6 million people in the world die from cancer. EXPRESSION SYSTEM TO SYNTHESIZE AND PURIFY Current methods of cancer treatment such as chemotherapy RECOMBINANT HUMAN ANDROGEN RECEPTOR. Annamarie and surgery are unable to rid the body completely of the C. Calo, [email protected], Adam Underwood, cancer cells. Chemotherapy destroys benign cells in the [email protected]), Walsh University, 2020 East area of cancer, leading to harmful side-effects. The use Maple St., NE, North Canton OH 44720. of targeted drug delivery via organic-nanoparticles can help avoid these drawbacks, leading to safer treatment of Androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear receptor activated in tumors. The purpose of this research is to determine the the cytoplasm after binding androgens. Once activated, rate of Luciferase expression knockdown via siRNA in U87, AR localizes to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription +7 DQG 7 FHOOV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW 13 UDWLRV RI (+&2 factor (TF). While this mechanism is well characterized, it DQG LWV PRGLÀHG YHUVLRQ 5HDJHQW ; LQ VHUXPIUHH PHGLD has been shown that AR activity can be modulated through for 72 hours. An N/P ratio is the ratio of the total number direct interactions with other proteins. One protein thought of carrier end amine groups and the total number of siRNA to interact with AR is the TF SRY (sex determining region phosphate groups. It is hypothesized that increasing the Y chromosome). The purpose of this study was to generate N/P ratios of the carriers will optimize the transfection a prokaryotic expression construct encoding full length HIÀFLHQF\7KH13UDWLRVRIDQGZHUHXVHG human AR with a C-terminal chitin binding domain and 7/XF +7 /XF DQG 8/XF FHOOV ZHUH WUDQVIHFWHG intein cleavage tag so AR can be expressed and column with 40nM siRNA concentration in serum-free media for 4 SXULÀHG IRU IXWXUH $565< VWXGLHV 7KH K\SRWKHVLV ZDV hours. 90 samples were tested in total; cells were tested 3 subcloning the AR FRGLQJ UHJLRQ LQWR WKH 1(% S7;% times per each N/P ratio and the results standardized with expression vector will allow expression and isolation of %&$DVVD\7KHUXQVZHUHDYHUDJHGWKHQGLYLGHGE\WKH $5SURWHLQIURP%/ '( E. coli*HQHUDWLRQRIS7;% DYHUDJHRIWKHFRQWURO%HVWNQRFNGRZQRFFXUUHGDWUDWLRV hAR began by PCR amplifying gel extracted restriction DQG DSSUR[LPDWHO\NQRFNGRZQLQ(+&2DQG IUDJPHQWVSURGXFHGE\FOHDYLQJWKHF'1$FORQHS.&5 LQ5HDJHQW;UHVSHFWLYHO\ LQ7/XFUDWLRVDQG hARa with BamHI. The amplicon was then cleaved with DSSUR[LPDWHO\ (+&2 5HDJHQW; LQ +7 NdeI and SapI,IROORZHGE\OLJDWLRQLQWR1(%S7;%DIWHU /XFDQGUDWLRVDQG DSSUR[LPDWHO\(+&2 FOHDYDJHZLWKWKHVDPHHQ]\PHVS7;%K$5FRQVWUXFWV 5HDJHQW; LQ8/XF2IWKHVDPSOHVWHVWHGUHVXOWV ZHUH WKHQ WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR %/ '( FRPSHWHQW E.coli. showed that in 100% of the cases, an increased N/P ratio 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQZDVFRQÀUPHGZLWK3&5DQGVHTXHQFLQJ ZRXOG LPSURYH WKH WUDQVIHFWLRQ HIÀFLHQF\ LQ ERWK (+&2 RISODVPLG'1$$5H[SUHVVLRQZDVLQGXFHGIRUKRXUV DQG5HDJHQW;IRU7/XF+7 /XFDQG8/XF ZLWK P0,37*DWDFHOOGHQVLW\RIDW2'7KH UHVXOWLQJH[SUHVVLRQRI$5IXVLRQSURWHLQVZDVFRQÀUPHG Poster Board No. 034 EFFECTS OF ALPACA MANURE TEA VS XVLQJ6'63$*(DQG:HVWHUQEORWDQDO\VLV$5SURWHLQV CHICKEN MANURE TEA ON GROWTH OF TOMATO SEEDS. isolated using this construct can now be used for future Jacob C. Hart [email protected] 23230 Deal Rd studies focusing on AR–SRY interactions. Gambier OH 43022 (Utica High School).
Poster Board No. 032 DEVELOPING A DIGITAL This project explored which manure is the better fertilizer CATALOG OF THE FUNGI OF OHIO. Curtis E. Young, young.2@ used as a tea, alpaca manure or chicken manure. The osu.edu. Ohio State University Extension, Van Wert County, hypothesis was that while the amount of nitrogen in 1055 South Washington Street, Van Wert OH 45891. chicken manure was expected to be higher than alpaca manure, the alpaca manure should have an adequate The purpose of this report is to introduce a new electronic DPRXQW RI QXWULHQWV WR VXSSO\ WKH SODQW HIÀFLHQWO\ catalog of the Fungi of Ohio. Fungi are a common and Tomato seeds were chosen as the dependent variable for essential group of organisms in most terrestrial ecosystems. this project because most gardeners plant vegetables and The ability to identify these organisms is important in fruit. In this case, tomatoes are the ideal variable for this many research projects as well as simply being objects experiment. The procedure was to collect 200 grams of of curiosity to those with an interest in nature. They are each type of manure for each container (six in total; three GLIÀFXOWWRSUHVHUYHDQGRUVWRUHLQDFRQGLWLRQWKDWUHWDLQV for alpaca and three for chicken). Next, water was poured FKDUDFWHULVWLFVQHHGHGIRULGHQWLÀFDWLRQ3KRWRJUDSK\KDV into each of the containers. Then the nutrients of the been used to document these characteristics, however, manure transferred to the water for several days before HDVH RI DFFHVV WR WKH SURGXFWV RI ÀOP SKRWRJUDSK\ KDV XVH 'XULQJ WKLV WLPH WRPDWR VHHGV ZHUH SODQWHG QLQH been limited to those who took the pictures, individuals planting pots are used, three for plants receiving alpaca close to the original photographers, and a few photographs manure tea, three for those with chicken manure tea, and LQFRUSRUDWHG LQWR ÀHOG JXLGHV DQG RWKHU SULQWHG three for receiving plain water) and then the seedlings were publications. With digital photography, the ease of sharing watered every two days with manure tea. Once the plants images electronically expands the audience to anyone who sprouted, height was measured daily. After approximately has access to the internet. Equipment used to develop 4 weeks the data were reviewed and a conclusion drawn. the digital catalog include “point-and-shot” (Olympus 7KH ÀQDO DYHUDJH KHLJKW RI WKH SODQWV IHUWLOL]HG ZLWK &DPHGLD & 8OWUD =RRP DQG 6/5 &DQRQ 5HEHO ;7 alpaca manure tea was 143.93 millimeters, the average and 2Ti) digital cameras with macro capabilities, software height of the plants fertilized with chicken manure tea was for editing, and hard drives (1.5 terabytes) for storing and 135.46 millimeters and the average height of the plants VDIHJXDUGLQJ WKH RULJLQDO DQG HGLWHG LPDJH ÀOHV ,PDJHV given normal water was 88.9 millimeters. Therefore, RI IXQJL KDYH EHHQ FROOHFWHG IURP ODQGVFDSHV ÀHOGV DQG the hypothesis was supported. The alpaca manure was woodlots in Ohio counties (N=12) during the months of April the better fertilizer for this experiment compared to the WKURXJK'HFHPEHU7KHFXUUHQWGHVWLQDWLRQIRU chicken manure. Additionally, the plants that received WKH )XQJL RI 2KLR LV WKH %XJZRRG :HEVLWH http://www. plain water were only somewhat more than half the height bugwood.org). The author has initiated the digital catalog of the plants given alpaca manure tea. by contributing a collection of high resolution (minimally ; SL[HOV IXQJDO LPDJHV 1 VSHFLHV ZLWK images per species), calling for collaborators to expand the Poster Board No. 035 CAN BIOCHAR INCREASE THE collection, and acting as the coordinator of the project. GROWTH OF SOYBEAN PLANTS? Bethany G. Cox, coxbe45@ alliancecityschools.org 300. W. Bayton Street, Alliance OH, Poster Board No. 033 EFFECTIVENESS OF 44601(Alliance High School) N/P RATIO INCREASE OF EHCO AND REAGENT X IN LUCIFERASE KNOCKDOWN OF CANCER CELLS. Yunlu There is concern for controlling the amount of carbon Sun, [email protected], Zheng-Rong Lu, zxl125@case. released into the air, farmers controlling the amount of edu, Maneesh Gujrati, [email protected], 15525 Frick fertilizer in the run-off water and safe ways to dispose Ct, Cleveland OH 44111 (Hathaway Brown School) RISODQWDQGDQLPDOZDVWH%LRFKDUPDGHIURPSODQWDQG VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A19
DQLPDO ZDVWH FDQ DGGUHVV DOO RI WKRVH FRQFHUQV %LRFKDU existing hprt mutant cells. Cells are then treated with low enhances soil, cleans the water and retains carbon in the concentrations of cadmium (0.5 uM, 1.0 uM, 2uM) followed soil while reusing the waste. If biochar is added to the soil, by hydrogen peroxide (2uM). Cells are placed on media growth of soybean plants will increase and water run-off containing 6-thioguanine (10uM). This selects for hprt may contain fewer macronutrients. Materials included mutants. Cell colonies are stained with crystal violet and soybean seeds, 45 pots, grow light, distilled water, potting counted. The number of colonies that survived indicate soil, 3 trays, 1 gallon of biochar, fertilizer tester, 10-15-10 the frequency of mutation at the hprt locus. Preliminary fertilizer, notebook, pen, and camera. 45 seeds germinated results indicate a higher amount of mutant colonies at 2uM and were planted in pots with potting soil. 15 pots were cadmium treatment when compared to other treatments. the control, 15 pots received10-15-10 fertilizer, and 15 pots received 20% biochar in their soil. Pots were labeled and Poster Board No. 038 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CELL placed in trays. Plants received 80ml of water daily. The LINE FROM AMBYSTOMA (CAUDATA: AMBYSTOMIDAE) fertilizer group received 10-15-10 as directed. The control SALAMANDERS Eden Dulka ([email protected]), group recorded 624cm in stem length, 154 leaves, 41.4cm Ingrid Godfrey ([email protected]), Marie McKinnon leaf widths and 50.05cm leaf lengths. The fertilizer group ([email protected]), Matthew Grisnik (grisnikm@ recorded 545.5cm in stem length, 127 leaves, 35.3cm in leaf findlay.edu), Glynnis Prigge ([email protected]), widths and 36.5cm leaf lengths. The biochar group recorded Elizabeth Sablotny ([email protected]), Jessica A. 779.5cm in stem length, 180 leaves, 47.5cm in leaf widths Wooten ([email protected]), and Michael Edelbrock and 56.2cm in leaf lengths. Testing for macronutrients ([email protected]) The University of Findlay showed “Ideal” for the control group, “Too little” for the Department of Natural Sciences 1000 N. Main St. Findlay, IHUWLOL]HU JURXS DQG ´7RR 0XFKµ IRU WKH %LRFKDU JURXS Ohio 45840 5HVXOWVFRQÀUPHGWKDWLIELRFKDULVDGGHGWRWKHVRLOWKH soybean plants will increase growth. Regeneration studies of in vivo models of Ambystoma mexicanum have led to insights of the pathways by which Poster Board No. 036 DETECTION OF OVARIAN adult limb regeneration occurs. Many of these studies have CANCER BIOMARKERS WITH SINGLE-USE DISPENSABLE VKRZQWKDWGHUPDOÀEUREODVWFHOOW\SHVSOD\DNH\UROHLQ GOLD BIOSENSORS. Grace Li, [email protected], Hannah Zhang, the initiation of limb formation. Characterization of the [email protected], Chung-Chiun Liu, [email protected], 10650 pathways by which these dermal cells operate have been Durrey Court, Reminderville OH 44202 (Hathaway Brown studied and explained as occurring in a stepwise manner. School), Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western 7R GLVFRYHU PRUH VSHFLÀF PHFKDQLVPV RI KRZ WKHVH Reserve University. pathways are carried out and initiated, this study aims to create a high quality immortalized cell line of dermal Ovarian cancer causes more death than any other cancer ÀEUREODVW FHOOV WR DOORZ IRU LQYHVWLJDWLRQ RI UHJHQHUDWLYH in the female reproductive system. Early detection of this SDWKZD\VLQDVLPSOLÀHGin vitro model. Cells for primary cancer can save numerous lives because treatment is most culture will be obtained from the forelimbs and / or tails effective at its early stages. The goal of this research is to of A. mexicanum. Removed cells will then be cultured and ÀQGDZD\WRGHWHFWGLIIHUHQWFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRIDQRYDULDQ passaged to allow for growth of the cell stock. When enough cancer biomarker: cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) using stock has been achieved, a master and working cell bank gold-based biosensors. If the concentration of CA 125 in will be established and maintained. The working cell bank a patient’s blood is above 35 U/ml, the patient is at risk of will be subjected to immortalization, characterization, and ovarian cancer. It was hypothesized that, using gold-based contamination tests. Once all tests have been completed, the biosensors, the higher the concentration of CA 125 antigen size of the cell stock will be increased in order to maintain tested, the lower the current should be when tested with quality control and to have an ample amount of cells to amperometry (current vs. time) and cyclic voltammetry EHXVHGDVDVLPSOLÀHGPRGHOWRVWXG\OLPEUHJHQHUDWLRQ (current vs. potenetial). To determine if the hypothesis without exhausting the entire cell set. Establishing such is valid, the approach to detect CA 125 was found and a cell line will allow for distribution of the cells among carried out in the following steps. First, using a thionine other interested researchers as well as future in house compound approach, the CA 125 antibody was chemically investigation of the pathways of regeneration. cross-linked. Two ul of thionine acetate salt and 2ul of CA125 antibody are put onto the biosensors. Then, 2ul of Poster Board No. 039 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL six different concentrations of CA 125 antigen (0 U/ml, 15 PROTEIN DENITROSYLASES IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. U/ml, 25 U/ml, 35 U/ml, 50 U/ml, 100 U/ml) were added Rajashree Hariprasad, [email protected], Alfred on the biosensors. The biosensors were then incubated at Hausladen, [email protected], Jonathan Stamler, jonathan. 35oC for 40 minutes and then they were tested with both [email protected], 2515 Kemper Road, Shaker amperometry and cyclic voltammetry. Out of the 54 trials Heights,OH, 44120. (Hathaway Brown School), Institute for done, the gold biosensors proved to have a good detection Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve of CA 125 with an R of 0.97. Testing CA 125 alone will University. QRWEHVXIÀFLHQWWRDFFXUDWHO\GHWHFWRYDULDQFDQFHUDQGVR 29;ELRPDUNHUZLOOKDYHWREHGHWHFWHGWRFRPSOHPHQW S -Nitrosylation is an endogenous process that occurs when WKHGHWHFWLRQRI&$)XWXUHZRUNZRXOGEHWRGHÀQHDQ macrophages sense the presence of microorganisms in their approach, but still using gold biosensors, to detect different environment and activates nitric oxide (NO) production as FRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI29;ELRPDUNHU part of the innate immune response. NO binds to different proteins within the microbe, making them nonfunctional. Poster Board No. 037 MUTATION ANALYSIS OF THE The converse process to this is denitrosylation, which HPRT LOCUS IN RESPONSE TO CADMIUM EXPOSURE. Kaleigh removes NO from proteins. Microbes use denitrosylation as Kenny ([email protected]); Kody Bennett (bennettd@ their own defense mechanism to restore protein function. findlay.edu); Michael Edelbrock, PhD, The University of 7KHUHIRUH WKH JRDO RI WKLV UHVHDUFK LV WR ÀQG PLFUREH Findlay, Mail Stop 1051, 1000 North Main St., Findlay OH VSHFLÀFGHQLWURV\ODVHVZKLFKFRXOGVHUYHDVDQWLPLFURELDO 45840. drug targets. Seventy-four NO/S-Nitroso responsive genes ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG LQ D JOREDO JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ VFUHHQ 7KH Cadmium is a carcinogen. The exact mechanism of cellular mutants of these genes were then screened for defective transformation is not well understood but may occur when denitrosylation. Growth inhibition was measured by cells are exposed to cadmium in combination with oxidative optical density and the total protein-bound NO of each stress. This research investigated the ability of cadmium mutant was measured using photolysis. Using four to induce mutations at low exposure concentrations (<2.0 replicate measurements, nine mutants out of the seventy- uM). Mutation frequency at the hprt loci will be measured IRXU ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG DV KDYLQJ LQFUHDVHG 6QLWURV\ODWLRQ LQ D FHOOXODU DVVD\ +XPDQ FRORQ FDQFHU FHOOV +&7 These mutants had more than 4.5 nMol NO bound/mg of DUH LQLWLDOO\ FXOWXUHG LQ +$7 PHGLD ZKLFK UHPRYHV protein, relative to a median value of 3 nMol/mg. These A-20 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 results suggest that increased NO content may be caused 8QLYHUVLW\'HSDUWPHQWRI&KHPLVWU\WHVWHGWKHUHOLDELOLW\ by defective denitrosylation, meriting further study, of these results. It was hypothesized that benzene emitted whereas the unaffected mutants should be eliminated as IURPVKRHVDPSOHVZRXOGH[FHHG26+$·V3(/'HWHFWLRQ potential denitrosylases. techniques included solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Recently Poster Board No. 040 EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE ON purchased shoes were sealed inside 30.48 cm x 30.48 cm CANCER CELL GROWTH. Melanie Lowers1 lowersm@findlay. cardboard boxes. Three 2 cm x 2 cm holes were cut in edu, Dylan Long1 [email protected], Daniel Weiland1 HDFKER[DQGFRYHUHGZLWK3DUDÀOP$IWHUWZHOYHKRXUV [email protected], Xu Lu [email protected], Box 0744 630(ÀEHUVZHUHLQVHUWHGWKURXJKWKH3DUDÀOPDQG 1000 N. Main St, Findlay OH 45840. 1University of Findlay were exposed to the suspected benzene environment for College of Pharmacy, Findlay OH 45840 and 2The University RQHKRXU,QDQDOWHUQDWHPHWKRGWKH630(ÀEHUVZHUH of Findlay College of Sciences, Findlay OH 45840 placed inside three shoes and sealed inside plastic bags. No benzene was detected in either technique. All shoe It has long been known that caffeine can inhibit cancer SDLUVHPLWWHGEXW\ODWHGK\GUR[\WROXHQH %+7 DFRPPRQ FHOOJURZWK+RZHYHUWKHXQGHUO\LQJFHOOXODUPHFKDQLVPV food, rubber, and fuel additive, as well as detectable affected remain undetermined. In this study, a human OHYHOV RI KLJK PROHFXODU ZHLJKW K\GURFDUERQV %+7 DQG acute T cell leukemia cell line, Jurkat E6-1, is used as a hydrocarbon standards were prepared and analyzed to model to investigate this question. Previous and current YHULI\ WKH %+7 UHWHQWLRQ WLPH DQG LGHQWLI\ K\GURFDUERQ experiments show that in cell culture, Jurkat cell growth SHDNV %DVHG RQ WKHVH PHDVXUHPHQWV LW ZDV FRQFOXGHG can indeed be inhibited by caffeine and the inhibitory WKDW EHQ]HQH LV QRW D VLJQLÀFDQW VKRH HPLVVLRQ DQG effect is dependent on caffeine concentration. Jurkat E6-1 therefore does not pose potential health risks to shoe store cells were cultured by suspension in RPMI-1640 + 10% employees or consumers. )%6 PHGLXP ZLWK PPRO FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI FDIIHLQH
Cells were grown in a 37°C+ 5% CO2 environment. Cells Poster Board No. 043 SOLID PHASE EXTRATION OF were counted every 24 hours for three days using a NITROSYLCOBALAMIN FROM SERUM. Chelsea Blank, hemocytometer and light microscope. As expected, growth [email protected], (Michael J. Dunphy, mdunphy@ inhibition occurred with the addition of caffeine. Since XBMTIFEV 8BMTI6OJWFSTJUZt&.BQMF4Ut/$BOUPO caffeine is a potent kinase inhibitor and because kinase Ohio 44720 and (Joseph A. Bauer, [email protected]), activities are critical for cell division cycle control, it is Bauer Research Foundation, 411 Wolfe Ledges Parkway, hypothesized that caffeine inhibits cell growth by blocking Suite 105, Akron, Ohio 44311. the cell cycle at a certain checkpoint. Flow cytometry will be used to test this hypothesis and to identify the checkpoint Cobalamins are biologically active molecules with hydroxo-, inhibited by caffeine. methyl-, adenosyl- and cyanocobalamins being well known examples. Recently, nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl) has been Poster Board No. 041 A COMPARISON OF THE CARBON implicated as a scavenger of nitric oxide in vivo and as SEQUESTRATION LEVELS IN ALTERNATIVE BIOFUELS. Juan a potential anti-tumor agent. NO-Cbl is synthesized by D. Dunlap [email protected] 39777 National Road, a ligand exchange reaction between hydroxocobalamin Bethesda, Ohio 43719 and nitric oxide gas in dichloromethane. NO-Cbl will VRRQEHXVHGLQ)'$3KDVH,FOLQLFDOWULDOVDQGDUHOLDEOH Concerns that carbon emissions from the burning of analytical method will be needed for the extraction of NO- fossil fuels have a detrimental effect on the environment Cbl from serum for pharmacokinetic analysis. This study have driven research toward the burning of biofuels such LQYROYHVWKHLGHQWLÀFDWLRQRIDQRSWLPDOVHWRIFRQGLWLRQV as corn, soybeans, grasses, and algaeculture, including to accomplish solid phase extraction (SPE) of NO-Cbl from 'XFNZHHG /HPQDFHD DV DOWHUQDWLYH VRXUFHV RI HQHUJ\ serum. Experiments to date have involved the use of a Researchers have determined that these biofuels have &VROLGXVLQJEXIIHUVDERYHS+ WRSUHVHUYHWKHODELOH WKH DELOLW\ WR VHTXHVWHU FDUERQ ZKLFK FRXOG EH EHQHÀFLDO cobalt-NO bond) and methanol as the eluting solvent. to mitigate the effect of carbon emissions from fossil fuels. Initial results indicate that optimal recovery with 3 mL The purpose of this project was to discover if the type of dry RISODVPDRQ&63(LVDWS+ZLWKPHWKDQRODVWKH biofuel burned by the process of pyrolysis would affect the elution solvent. Recovery for spiked NO-Cbl samples of amount of carbon residue produced. Results would indicate bovine serum albumin was 72% at 100 ug/mL and 78% which type of biofuel would have the ability to sequester at 200 ug/mL. Recoveries decreased by 80% or more with WKHPRVWFDUERQ,WZDVK\SRWKHVL]HGWKDW'XFNZHHGZRXOG diethyl ether or dichloromethane as the eluting solvents produce more carbon residue per dry weight than corn or DWS+7KHUHFRYHU\RI12&EOIURPDTXHRXVPHGLDLV soy beans after burning. Five grams of each dry biofuel FXUUHQWO\ EHLQJ VWXGLHG ZLWK ÀYH RWKHU 63( SKDVHV DQG (N=30) were placed in a closed tin and heated using a gas YDULRXVHOXWLQJVROYHQWV 7+)'062HWF« RYHUDUDQJH stove. Flame and heat were expelled through a hole in its RIS+YDOXHV VLGH:KHQWKHÁDPHVFHDVHGWKHKROHZDVSOXJJHGDQG the tin was allowed to cool. Carbon residue was weighed Poster Board No. 044 SEPARATION OF NITROCOBALAMIN using a triple beam balance and the weight was recorded. AND NITROSYLCOBALAMIN BY HPLC. Taylor Sherrod, The average amount of residue produced, in grams, was [email protected], (Michael J. Dunphy, mdunphy@ 'XFNZHHG &RUQ 6R\EHDQV 7KH GDWD walsh.edu) Walsh University, 2020 E. Maple St, N. Canton FRQÀUPHG WKH K\SRWKHVLV WKDW 'XFNZHHG SURGXFHG PRUH OH 44720 and (Joseph A. Bauer, [email protected]), Bauer carbon residue than corn or soybeans, suggesting that Research Foundation, 411 Wolfe Ledges Pkwy, Suite 105, 'XFNZHHG KDV SRWHQWLDO WR EH D EHQHÀFLDO ELRIXHO IRU Akron OH 44311. sequestering carbon, resulting in less carbon emissions. Cobalamins are biologically active molecules with hydroxo-, Poster Board No. 042 BENZENE EMISSIONS FROM methyl-, adenosyl- and cyanocobalamins being well known RECENTLY PURCHASED SHOES. Mary B. Carrigan, examples. Recently, nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl) has been [email protected], 8622 Augusta Lane, Holland OH implicated as a scavenger of nitric oxide in vivo and as 43528. (Toledo Central Catholic High School) a potential anti-tumor agent. NO-Cbl is synthesized by a ligand exchange reaction between hydroxocobalamin In 2011, an experiment was conducted using a home air and nitric oxide gas in dichloromethane. Recent evidence quality tester to determine if benzene emissions from indicates that Nitrocobalamin (NO2-Cbl) can result if NO UHFHQWO\ SXUFKDVHG VKRHV H[FHHGHG 26+$·V SHUPLVVLEOH gas older than 6 months is used in the synthesis of NO-Cbl. H[SRVXUH OLPLWV 3(/ ,QLWLDO ÀQGLQJV LQGLFDWHG WKDW &RQVHTXHQWO\WKHQHHGH[LVWVIRUDQ+3/&SURFHGXUHWKDW benzene, a carcinogen, could pose potential health risks will separate NO-Cbl and NO2-Cbl to monitor synthesis to shoe store employees and consumers. A follow-up SXULW\ $ SXEOLVKHG +3/& SURFHGXUH KDV EHHQ PRGLÀHG study conducted in 2012 in conjunction with the Ashland WRVHSDUDWH2+&EO&1&EO122-Cbl and NO-Cbl in less VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A21
than 15 min. with a 10 min. gradient recycle time. An RP- were found at 100 μM CuCl2+2O evidenced by only 4% Amide column with gradient elution at 35oC with 440mM growth inhibition. Little anti-proliferative effects were
DFHWDWHEXIIHUDWS+PHWKDQROPRELOHSKDVHZDVXVHG observed for 1-100 μM Cu(NO3)2+2O. Only 2% growth The cobalamins were detected at 254 and 450nm. NO2-Cbl inhibition was found at 100 μM Cu(NO3)2+227KH65% HOXWHVDWPLQ12&EODWPLQZLWK2+&EODQG assay proved that these cells can tolerate 100 μM of each of CN-Cbl eluting at 11.2 and 12.3 min., respectively. This these copper salts for several days. method has been successfully applied to monitoring the progress of NO-Cbl synthesis and assessing the purity Poster Board No. 047 ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF of synthesized NO-Cbl. The procedure exhibits a linear COPPER COMPOUNDS ON HFF CELLS. Michelle L. Colopy, calibration curve from 20-200 ug/mL using 15 uL injections [email protected], Joseph A. Lupica, jlupica@ with a detection limit of 10 ug/mL NO-Cbl. walsh.edu, Amy J. Heston, [email protected], Walsh University, 2020 East Maple Street, North Canton OH 44720. Poster Board No. 045 OPTIMIZATION OF NITROSYLCOBALAMIN SYNTHESIS. Tiffany Slutz, Copper compounds are known for their toxicity toward [email protected], Amy J. Heston, aheston@walsh. bacteria and a limited number of viruses. This project edu, Joseph A. Lupica, [email protected],Walsh University, investigated the effects of copper compounds on biological 2020 East Maple Street, North Canton OH 44720. FHOOV VSHFLÀFDOO\ +)) KXPDQ IRUHVNLQ ÀEUREODVWV FHOOV 7KH +)) FHOOV DUH QRQFDQFHURXV DGKHUHQW FHOOV 7KHVH metal ions may enter the cell through the Na+/K+ pump. 2+ 9LWDPLQ%12 (hydroxy-cobalamin) reacts with gaseous nitric Once inside, copper ions, Cu , disturb chemical processes R[LGHWR\LHOGQLWURV\OFREDODPLQ 12&EO 7KLVYLWDPLQ%12 and could lead to cell death by the release of Cytochrome derivative has demonstrated chemotherapeutic and anti- C and its activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines both DQG FHOOXODU GHDWK +)) FHOOV ZHUH WUHDWHG ZLWK YDULRXV in vivo and in vitro, via the delivery of nitric oxide selectively concentrations of aqueous copper salts at concentrations in to tumor cells, inhibiting cellular anti-apoptotic pathways. WKHUDQJHRI0$6XOIRUKRGDPLQH% 65% DVVD\ The synthesis of this compound is conducted under anoxic monitored overall cell death. No anti-proliferative effects conditions utilizing thirty grams of hydroxy-cobalamin, were observed at 1-100 μM CuSO4+2O. After treatment GLVVROYHGLQOLWHUVRIGLFKORURPHWKDQH %12 to solvent using higher concentrations of 150-800 μM CuSO4+2O, ratio at 20 atm of nitric oxide), in an 8 liter high pressure WKH +)) FHOOV H[KLELWHG JURZWK LQKLELWLRQ DW aluminum reaction cylinder. The solution is continually μM CuSO4+2O and cell death was evidenced at 200 0 exposed to nitric oxide gas, at 20 atm for 10 days at, 22.0 C. μM CuSO4+2O. In a separate study, anti-proliferative The synthesis includes daily purging and re-pressurizing effects were observed at 50 μM CuCl2+2O with 9% with fresh nitric oxide gas. Samples of the product are growth inhibition. Interestingly, further studies with taken daily, to monitor purity and progression, utilizing copper ions indicate that these cells can tolerate 100 μM
899LVVSHFWURSKRWRPHWU\DWQPDQG+3/&XVLQJ Cu(NO3)2+2O. an Acentis RP-Amide column (15cm x 4.6mm x 5μm). The reaction is considered complete when samples exhibit Poster Board No. 048 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF HOOVER maximum absorbance at 480nm, and demonstrate 95% DITCH IN THE NIMISHILLEN CREEK WATERSHED (NORTH SXULW\DVGHWHUPLQHGE\+3/&DQDO\VLV7KHFRQVHTXHQFHV CANTON, OH): AN INORGANIC PERSPECTIVE. Theresa A. Izzo,
RIYDU\LQJWKHJDVSUHVVXUH%12/solvent ratio are currently [email protected], Jennifer A. Clevinger, jclevinger@ being investigated, in order to shorten synthesis time and walsh.edu, Curtis C. Clevinger, [email protected], Amy increase purity. A reduction in synthesis time from10 days J. Heston, [email protected], Walsh University, 2020 East WRKRXUVDQGDQLQFUHDVHLQSXULW\WR DVFRQÀUPHG Maple Street, North Canton OH 44720. E\+3/&DQDO\VLVKDYHEHHQGHPRQVWUDWHGE\GHFUHDVLQJ
WKH%12VROYHQWJDVUDWLRWR DWP JUDP%12 / 1 liter 7KLVSURMHFWFRPSDUHGWKHZDWHUTXDOLW\RI+RRYHU'LWFK solvent/6.7 atm respectively). This indirect relationship LQ +RRYHU 3DUN 1RUWK &DQWRQ 2KLR ZLWK WKH ZDWHU supports the hypothesis that the reaction predominantly quality of four urban and suburban locations in the West occurs within the solvent as opposed to the solvent gas %UDQFK SRUWLRQ RI WKH 1LPLVKLOOHQ &UHHN :DWHUVKHG WR interface, as previously thought. access how urban/suburban development has impacted the ELRJHRFKHPLVWU\RI+RRYHU'LWFKDQGWRSURYLGHDEDVHOLQH Poster Board No. 046 A375 CELLS AND THEIR IRU +RRYHU 'LWFK ,W LV K\SRWKHVL]HG WKDW QXWULHQW OHYHOV CELLULAR RESPONSE TO COPPER IONS. Christine N. ZHUHKLJKHULQ+RRYHU'LWFKWKDQWKHIRXUORFDWLRQVLQWKH Stenger, [email protected], Joseph A. Lupica, :HVW%UDQFK1LPLVKLOOHQ&UHHN:DWHUVKHGGXHWRHIIHFWV [email protected], Amy J. Heston, aheston@walsh. RI UHFHQW GHYHORSPHQW 'XH WR ODFN RI SULRU VDPSOHV RQ edu,Walsh University, 2020 East Maple Street, North Canton +RRYHU 'LWFK IRXU ORFDWLRQV LQ WKH :HVW %UDQFK SRUWLRQ OH 44720. of the Nimishillen Creek Watershed were sampled for + - 2- $PPRQLXP 1+4 ), Nitrate (NO3 ), and Sulfate (SO4 ) from - In recent years, a number of studies have indicated that June – September 2012. The NO3 levels, ranging from 0.127 copper compounds have successfully killed bacteria and ² PPRO/ ZHUH JHQHUDOO\ KLJKHU LQ +RRYHU 'LWFK some viruses. This project investigated the effects of copper than the other locations, but followed similar temporal + compounds on A375 cells, malignant melanoma cells. It is WUHQGV +RZHYHU WKH 1+4 levels, ranging from 0.00643 hypothesized that copper ions may enter the cell through the – 0.274 mmol/L, were variable among sites, but again + + 2+ 2- Na /K pump. When a toxic cation, such as Cu , enters the followed similar temporal trends. Finally, SO4 levels at cell, it may bind to intracellular components, and therefore, DOOÀYHORFDWLRQVUDQJHGIURP²PPRO/DQGGLG disables their normal function. These events can lead to not reveal any trends between locations. This study serves cell death by the release of Cytochrome C, initiation of the DVDEDVHOLQHVWXG\IRU+RRYHU'LWFKDÀUVWRUGHUVWUHDP intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and lead to cellular apoptosis. in the Nimishillen Creek Watershed, and shows some The A375 cells were treated with various concentrations of support that urban/suburban development has affected aqueous copper salts including CuSO4+2O, CuCl2+2O, the water quality. and Cu(NO3)2+2O. The concentrations were in the 1-100 0UDQJH$6XOIRUKRGDPLQH% 65% DVVD\PRQLWRUHG Poster Board No. 049 INVESTIGATING COPPER overall cell death. Results from this assay indicate that COMPOUNDS AS A ROUTE TO SUCCESSFUL GROWTH no anti-proliferative effects were observed at 1-100 μM INHIBITION OF MCF-7 CELLS. Lucille E. Zappitelli,
CuSO4+2O. A further study with this compound showed [email protected], Joseph A. Lupica, jlupica@ that cell death occurred using 150 μM CuSO4+2O with walsh.edu, Amy J. Heston, [email protected], Walsh 45% growth inhibition and cell death was observed at University, 2020 East Maple Street, North Canton OH 44720.
200 μM CuSO4+2O. Other studies utilizing 1-100 μM CuCl2+2O, indicated that little anti-proliferative effects Copper is an effective antimicrobial agent. This project A-22 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 investigated the effects of copper salts on biological cells, the concrete mix, then rust would appear on the reinforced MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells are breast cancer cells that concrete’s surface more quickly than if the mix contained were chosen for this study in order to learn more about the standard amount of water. The experiment, conducted the mechanism of their cell death. It is hypothesized that at the University of Akron, contained three steps: create Copper (II) ions, Cu2+, can enter the cell through the Na+/ the samples, accelerate the corrosion, and record the data. K+ pump. Once the ions are present inside a cell, they can 7R FRPSOHWH WKH ÀUVW VWHS WZR EDWFKHV RI FRQFUHWH ZHUH disrupt normal cellular processes, potentially interfere with mixed: one with less water [.45 water/cement ratio (w/c)] oxidative phosphorylation, and disrupt the mitochondrial and one with more water (.6 w/c). Then, four concrete membrane potential. This observation could lead to samples of each batch were made by pouring the mixture mitochondrial membrane break down and the release of into a cylindrical mold (two inches in diameter) while a Cytochrome C. The release of Cytochrome C will result ÀIWHHQ LQFK UHLQIRUFHPHQW EDU UHEDU ZDV KHOG LQ WKH in the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and center. With the PVC stabilizing caps on top, all eight cellular death. The MCF-7 cells were treated with various samples set for two days to let the extra water evaporate concentrations of copper compounds and a Sulforhodamine (giving the concrete its porosity). Then they were taken out % 65% DVVD\ PRQLWRUHG RYHUDOO FHOO GHDWK ,Q D VWXG\ of their molds and cured in a humid room for seven days. using 1-100 μM CuSO4+2O, the assay demonstrated 9% To accelerate corrosion, the second step, the samples were growth inhibition at 25 μM CuSO4+2O and 28% growth placed in a chloride ion (catalyst) solution for three days. inhibition at 100 μM CuSO4+2O. Further studies at Next, one sample from each batch was placed in a corrosion higher concentrations indicated that cell death occurred at cell that accelerated the corrosion process to occur within 2+ 150 μM CuSO4+2O. These data support that Cu ions days instead of years, as it would in the real world. Each possess anti-cancer properties and have the ability to kill corrosion cell contained a concrete sample (anode), a power cancer cells, in vitro. supply, a stainless steel plate (cathode), and saltwater HOHFWURO\WH 7KLVÁXLGFRPSOHWHGWKHFLUFXLWDQGSURYLGHG Poster Board No. 050 PRESENCE OF THE ANTIOXIDANTS a way to physically see rust seeping out of the concrete. LYCOPENE AND BETA-CAROTENE IN ORGANICALLY GROWN %RWK WKH VDPSOH·V UHEDU DQG WKH SODWH ZHUH KRRNHG XS CARROT BABY FOOD VERSUS CONVENTIONALLY GROWN to the power supply terminals by wire. A .2 amp electric TOMATO PASTE. Jane Kim, [email protected], current from the power supply was set to corrode 2% of the 4960 Foxlair Trail, Richmond Heights OH 44143. (Beaumont rebar’s mass. Four series of tests were done comparing one School) corrosion cell with a .6 w/c sample and another with a .45 w/c sample. To complete the third step, a webcam recorded Many people are now entirely considering the quality HDFKWHVW,QWKHÀUVWVHULHVDIWHUWKHVWDUWRIWKHHOHFWULF of the foods they consume because of rising health current, the .6 w/c sample visibly rusted after 9 hours and FRPSOLFDWLRQV'RHVWKHSUHVHQFHRIDQRUJDQLFODEHODQG the .45 w/c sample rusted after 16 hours. In the second a higher cost determine the quality of produce compared series, the .6 w/c sample rusted after 21 hours and the .45 to its conventionally grown counterpart? This project w/c sample rusted after 30.5 hours. In the third series, the IRFXVHV RQ WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI WZR W\SHV RI EHQHÀFLDO .6 w/c sample rusted after 20 hours and the .45 w/c sample carotenoid pigments: beta-carotene and lycopene. It was after 30 hours. In the fourth series, the .6 w/c sample hypothesized that there was more beta-carotene in organic rusted after 22 hours and the .45 sample after 31 hours. carrot baby food and more lycopene in organic tomato Each of the samples with more water corroded seven to SDVWH YHUVXV LWV FRQYHQWLRQDO YHUVLRQ %HWDFDURWHQH DQG nine hours before the samples with less water. The results lycopene were extracted from 0.3 g and 0.6 g of each support that more water added to concrete mix caused rust baby food and paste by mixing 5 mL of ethanol, 10 mL of stains to appear faster on reinforced concrete’s surface. hexane, and 1-3 mL of distilled water in large vials. After shaking and allowing the separation of phases to occur, Poster Board No. 052 INSULATION: DO MODERN the bottom aqueous layers were removed. The remaining MATERIALS RESIST HEAT FLOW BETTER THAN NATURAL WRSOD\HUVZHUHWUDQVIHUUHGLQWRYROXPHWULFÁDVNVDQGWKH MATERIALS USED IN EARLIER TIMES? Matthew J. Longfellow, DEVRUEDQFHRIWKHVROXWLRQVLQHDFKYROXPHWULFÁDVNZDV [email protected], (Genoa Christian Academy), 7562 Lewis measured on a UV-VIS spectrophotometer using the same Center Road, Westerville OH 43082. cuvette. The concentrations were calculated by using the %HHU/DPEHUW ODZ 8VLQJ WKH OLWHUDWXUH PRODU H[WLQFWLRQ 7KHUPDO LQVXODWLRQ UHGXFHV KHDW ÁRZ IURP ZDUPHU WR FRHIÀFLHQWV WR FDOFXODWH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV WKH UHVXOWV cooler objects. Current materials used to insulate buildings obtained showed that the 0.3 g and 0.6 g set of organic LQFOXGHV\QWKHWLFPDWHULDOVVXFKDVSRO\VW\UHQHÀEHUJODVV carrots had an average of 1.0x10-5 more grams of beta and processed cellulose. In earlier times, insulation FDURWHQH WKDQ LWV FRQYHQWLRQDO FRXQWHUSDUWV +RZHYHU materials included dried plant stalks, dried pine needles, the 0.3 g and 0.6 g set of conventionally-grown tomatoes and sheep’s wool. The purpose of this experiment is to see had an average of 1.0x10-5 more grams of lycopene than ZKLFKW\SHRILQVXODWLRQPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\UHVLVWVKHDWÁRZ its organic counterparts.There was a higher concentration It is hypothesized that the three modern materials will of beta-carotene in organic carrot baby food and a higher UHVLVWKHDWÁRZPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\WKDQWKHWKUHHPDWHULDOV concentration of lycopene in conventional tomato paste. XVHGLQHDUOLHUWLPHV5HVLVWDQFHWRKHDWÁRZLVGHWHUPLQHG Although the hypothesis was not vigorously correct, it was by measuring how long it takes the inside of a container concluded that the differences in concentration between lined with different materials to reach 0°C from room the organic and conventionally grown tomatoes and carrots temperature when placed in a freezer. The longer the time were small. to reach 0°C, the more effective the material resists heat ÁRZ7KHFRQWDLQHULVOLQHGZLWKLQFKRIWKHLQVXODWLQJ Poster Board No. 051 RUSTY CONCRETE: WILL TOO material on each side, and sealed to make it airtight. This MUCH WATER CORRODE THE STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN process is repeated three times for each type of material CONCRETE FASTER THAN LESS WATER? Lisa Criscione, and no insulation, and the average times are compared. [email protected], 884 East Hillsdale, Seven The average time for the temperature to drop is 21 min, Hills OH 44131. (Incarnate Word Academy) 2 s for polystyrene, 20 min, 12 s for cellulose, 19 min, 55 s IRUÀEHUJODVV PLQVIRUZRROPLQVIRUSLQH Every year, reinforced concrete roads and bridges rust, needles, 13 min, 20 s for plant stalks, and 5 min, 10 s for endangering the public and costing the United States $276 no insulation. The results show that the modern materials billion of repairs. This project was based on the observation UHVLVWKHDWÁRZPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\WKDQWKHHDUOLHUPDWHULDOV of a ten year old steel reinforced concrete street in Seven DQGVRWKHK\SRWKHVLVLVFRQÀUPHG +LOOV2KLRZKLFKVKRZHGVLJQVRIVHYHUHUXVWLQJVLPLODU to a nearby road that had seen a half-century of wear. Poster Board No. 053 EVALUATING IMPACTS OF Research was conducted to identify causes of corrosion in VERNAL POOLS ON THE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF concrete. The hypothesis was that if excess water was in AMPHIBIAN SPECIES ON A RECLAIMED SURFACE MINES. VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A23
Julie M. Long: [email protected], Danny J. Ingold: [email protected], Washington & Jefferson College; [email protected]; Biology Department, Muskingum Kia Ruhkamp, [email protected], Washington & University, 163 Stormont St., New Concord, OH 43762. Jefferson College; Ben Dolan, Ph.D., [email protected], The University of Findlay; and Jason Kilgore, Ph.D., jkilgore@ Vernal pools represent a critical habitat component for washjeff.edu, Washington & Jefferson College. many amphibian species during the breeding season in the eastern U.S. Although the usefulness of vernal pools It is thought that trees under stressed conditions allocate to amphibian species has been examined in some regions more resources to seed production. A recently introduced of the U.S., little work has been done examining such LQYDVLYH LQVHFW WKH HPHUDOG DVK ERUHU ($% Agrilus habitats on reclaimed surface mines. The objective of this planipennis), stresses ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) by feeding research was to quantify all amphibian egg masses from on their bark phloem, ultimately leading to tree death in late February-April 2012 in twelve naturally occurring 2-3 years. Given typical tree stress responses, ash trees vernal pools at the Wilds. In addition, the number of VKRXOGSURGXFHDPDVWRIVHHGVDIWHULQIHVWDWLRQE\($% adult amphibians within a 50-meter radius around each is present. This study compares the relative abundance pool was tallied. Water chemistry measurements were RI DVK VHHGOLQJV DW WZR VLWHV +DQFRFN &RXQW\ 2+ DQG WDNHQIURPHDFKSRROLQFOXGLQJS+FRQGXFWLYLW\GLVVROYHG Washington County, PA) with varying ash density and oxygen, temperature and depth in an effort to understand WLPHVLQFH($%LQIHVWDWLRQ7KH2KLRVLWHKDVKLJKHUDVKH the impacts of these characteristics on amphibian GHQVLW\DQGKDVEHHQGHWHFWDEO\LQIHVWHGE\($%IRUIRXU abundance/diversity. Three of the twelve vernal pools years longer than the Pennsylvania site (2005 vs. 2009). had egg masses from both wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) At each site, six 400-m2 forested plots were sampled for and Jefferson salamanders (Ambystoma jeffersonianum). ash trees and seedlings as part of the Permanent Forest Juvenile and/or adult amphibians within a 50-m radius Plot Project (PFPP) sponsored by the Ecological Research were located around seven of the pools. These species as Education Network (EREN). Ash seedling density included leopard frogs (Ramphana pipiens; n=2), green normalized for overstory ash density and abundance is frogs (Rana clamitans; n=9), wood frogs (Rana sylvatica; expected to vary as a function of time since infestation, as n=20), adult/juvenile red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus determined by Student’s t-test. viridescens; n=2, n=5) and redback salamanders (Plethodon cinereus; n=3). With the exception of conductivity, water Poster Board No. 056 REPERCUSSIONS OF FLUOXETINE quality variables seemed to be unrelated to the presence ADMINISTRATION DURING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. or absence of amphibians. Conductivity readings from Brandi R. Gillian, [email protected], Katrina Lustofin, three vernal pools containing egg masses (n = 71) were [email protected], Marietta College, 215 Fifth Street Box between 113.2μS-191.6μS which was notably lower than 664, Marietta, Ohio 45750. the conductivity in nine vernal pools without egg masses (n = 0) ranging from 1166.3μS-2813.5μS. This might be the Antidepressants are currently the second most frequently result of temperature differences across the pools or some prescribed medication in the United States. Fluoxetine type of contaminant from the mining process. (Prozac) is the most commonly taken antidepressant on the PDUNHW\HWWKHVDIHW\RIÁXR[HWLQHLQSUHJQDQF\KDVQRW Poster Board No. 054 IMPACT OF ASH LOSS ON yet been fully evaluated. Efforts are currently being made FOREST COMPOSITION. Beverly Beavers, beaversb1@ WR GHWHUPLQH LI WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI ÁXR[HWLQH GXULQJ findlay.edu, 707 N. Cory St., Findlay, OH 45840, The SUHJQDQF\ LV WHUDWRJHQLF RU LI FUDQLRIDFLDO GHÀFLHQFLHV University of Findlay; Leslie Kollar, kollarlm@jay. DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK ÁXR[HWLQH DUH GXH WR PDWHUQDO VWUHVV washjeff.edu, Washington & Jefferson College; Caitlin Fluoxetine is being administered to chicken embryos Morrissey, [email protected], Washington in order to eliminate any maternal stress that could & Jefferson College; Ben Dolan, Ph.D., dolan@findlay. potentially affect the developing embryo. Many embryonic edu, The University of Findlay; and Jason Kilgore, Ph.D., GHIHFWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKÁXR[HWLQHVXFKDVFOHIWSDODWHFDQ [email protected], Washington & Jefferson College. EHWUDFHGEDFNWRPDWHUQDOVWUHVV,IÁXR[HWLQHLVLQGHHG a teratogen then cleft palate or any other craniofacial Removal of an overstory tree species has the potential to malformations should be present in the chick embryos; if change the forest composition depending on its role in the GHÀFLHQFLHV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK ÁXR[HWLQH DUH VLPSO\ GXH WR community. For instance, American chestnut (Castanea maternal stress then there should be no developmental dentata) was nearly eradicated because of chestnut blight SUREOHPV LQ WKH FKLFN HPEU\R +LJK QJ ÁXR[HWLQH (Cryphonectria parasitica), and today the restoration of HJJ ORZ QJ ÁXR[HWLQHHJJ DQG FRQWURO VROXWLRQV the species relies on resistant hybrids. Another dominant G+2O), equivalent to the dose that would be distributed to canopy species in northeastern United States is American the average human adult, were injected at 250 uL each into elm (Ulmus americana), which has become mainly an the air space of 3 day old fertilized chicken eggs. Embryos XQGHUVWRU\ VSHFLHV DV D UHVXOW RI 'XWFK HOP GLVHDVH were harvested on day 14 of incubation. Measurements (Ophiostoma ulmi). Currently, in northeastern United are currently being made in order to determine if any States, ash tree species (Fraxinus spp.) are experiencing craniofacial malformations have occurred. similar threats because of the invasive exotic emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Six 400-m2 forested Poster Board No. 057 GENETIC MODIFICATION IN plots were established in each of 2 sites as a part of the FOODS LABELED “ALL-NATURAL”. Nicole Cortelezzi (ncor- Permanent Forest Plot Project (PFPP) sponsored by [email protected]) and Marshall Lyons (mlyons@capital. the Ecological Research as Education Network (EREN). edu) (Dr. Kerry Cheesman), Biological Sciences Department, 7KH WZR VLWHV :DVKLQJWRQ 3$ )LQGOD\ 2+ GLIIHU Capital University, 1 College and Main, Columbus, OH 43209 in their canopy dominance of ash. Using life-history characteristics, the research will describe which species 7KH 86 )RRG DQG 'UXJ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ GRHV QRW GHÀQH may eventually become dominant in the canopy. Gaps the term “all-natural”, saying only that it may refer to any created by loss of ash in the overstory are expected and IRRG SURGXFW WKDW GRHV QRW FRQWDLQ DGGHG FRORU DUWLÀFLDO will become dominated by shade-tolerant species such as ÁDYRUV RU V\QWKHWLF VXEVWDQFHV +RZHYHU PDQ\ SHRSOH sugar maple (Acer saccharum). The importance values DVVXPHWKDWWKHGHÀQLWLRQLVVWULFWHULQFOXGLQJWKHLPSOL- of the understory and overstory species will be used to cation that it is similar to the term “organic”, and there- predict the relative importance for non-ash species in the IRUH GRHV QRW LQFOXGH JHQHWLF PRGLÀFDWLRQ 7R GHWHUPLQH resultant communities at each site. whether or not foods labeled “all-natural” match this as- sumption, a variety of corn products with this label (n=13 Poster Board No. 055 RESPONSE OF ASH SEEDLING to date) are being assayed through standard methods, us- DENSITY TO EMERALD ASH BORER INDUCED STRESS. LQJPDWHULDOVIURP%LR5DG/DERUDWRULHVWKDWH[WUDFW'1$ Gabriella Runco, [email protected],1000 N. Main St., Box DQGORRNIRUWKHSUHVHQFHRIVSHFLÀFPDUNHUVLQGLFDWLYHRI 1052, Findlay, OH, The University of Findlay; Caitlin Fadgen, JHQHWLFPRGLÀFDWLRQ3ULRUZRUNLQWKLVODEKDVLQGLFDWHG A-24 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 that at least 65% of all US corn products not labeled as crystalline surface structure while higher Ar content (95%) RUJDQLFKDYHEHHQJHQHWLFDOO\PRGLÀHG3UHOLPLQDU\GDWD resulted in high density of re-nucleation as shown by SEM on corn products labeled “all-natural” indicate a similar photographs. The hypothesis of seeding layer size impact SHUFHQWRIPRGLÀFDWLRQZLWKWHVWLQJSRVLWLYH&OHDUO\ on phase purity was not correct but it did impact the there is a difference in the products labeled “all-natural” PRUSKRORJ\ RI GLDPRQG WKLQ ÀOPV 7KH RWKHU K\SRWKHVLV DQG´RUJDQLFµDWOHDVWZKHQLWFRPHVWRJHQHWLFPRGLÀFD- of Ar content and the impact of deposition time, however, tion, and consumers deserve to know the difference. were correct. Poster Board No. 003 HOME HEATING: HARDWOOD Afternoon Poster Session VS. SOFTWOOD. Faith C. Myers, myersfc@embarqmail. com, 4251 N County Line Rd, Sunbury OH 43074 (Big Walnut 1:30 – 3:30 PM Intermediate School) 300 Davis Street Building The purpose of this experiment was to determine if hardwood (oak) or softwood (poplar and pine) burns longest Poster Board No. 001 ANDROGEN RECEPTOR EFFECT ON LQDÀUHSODFHWRKHDWDKRPH5HVHDUFKVKRZVVRIWZRRGV FEMALE ATHLETICISM. Bailey Rittberger (brittberger@ contain more oil, so softwoods burn faster than hardwoods. capital.edu) and Kelly Leonard (Dr. Kerry Cheesman), The hypothesis for this experiment was oak will burn Biological Sciences Department, Capital University, 1 WKH ORQJHVW EHFDXVH LW LV D KDUGZRRG 7KH ÀUHSODFH ZDV College and Main, Columbus, OH 43209 SUHSDUHGE\OLJKWLQJDÀUHDQGOHWWLQJLWEXUQXQWLORQO\KRW coals remain, so steady-state (constant) conditions were Previous studies at Capital University in 2009 and used for all trials. The wood dowels were placed into the 2010 have supported the hypothesis that there is a link ÀUHSODFHDQGDWLPHUZDVXVHGWRUHFRUGZKHQWKHGRZHO EHWZHHQDWKOHWLFLVPDQGÀQJHUOHQJWKUDWLRVRIWKHVHFRQG was completely burned. Ten trials were performed for DQGIRXUWKÀQJHUV ' ' LQIHPDOHV7KLVÀQJHUOHQJWK each wood type or 30 trials in total. The average burn time ratio has been demonstrated by others to be correlated (minutes) for wood dowels was 19.4 for oak, 14.9 for pine, with androgen receptor concentrations in growing female and 9.0 for poplar. These results were on a volume basis, fetuses. To extend and add to the previous understanding, as the same size dowel was used for each wood type and data are being collected from female student athletes trial – 3.2 cm in diameter by 10.2 cm in length. These data (n=75 to date) and a control group of non-athlete females supported the hypothesis as hardwood (oak) burned longer (n=99). Student hands are xerographically copied and than softwood (poplar and pine), and wood is purchased on WKH ÀQJHU OHQJWK RI WKH VHFRQG DQG IRXUWK ÀQJHUV RI a volume basis (cord). The results converted to an average each are measured. A survey is also being administered burn time on a mass basis (seconds/gram) were 22.0 for that asks questions about current and previous sports pine, 18.6 for oak, and 13.6 for poplar, inconsistent with H[SHULHQFH DORQJ ZLWK KDQGHGQHVV 'DWD KDYH EHHQ the hypothesis. Additional experiments could be conducted separated into three groups: college athlete, athlete on a XVLQJZRRGSLHFHVRIWKHVDPHPDVVDQGWKHVL]HRIÀUHZRRG team before entering the university, and those who have (larger diameter and length) to determine if a greater never participated in athletics. Each college sport is also difference between hardwood and softwood burn times is a separate category for analysis. A possible link between found. DWKOHWLFLVPDQGÀQJHUOHQJWKUDWLRKDVEHHQGHPRQVWUDWHG from the data analyzed to date, especially for the sports of Poster Board No. 004 CONCRETE AIR VOID AND UNIT volleyball and soccer. Additional athletes and control group WEIGHT RELATIONS, Mica L Brooks [email protected] females are being enrolled in the study. In the future, the 2427 Covington Road Akron, Ohio 44313 (Our Lady of the results of this research may be able to help provide some Elms HS) reason for why young women choose certain sports over others. The purpose of this project was to determine if the unit weight of plastic, or uncured, concrete can predict the Poster Board No. 002 PROCESSING OF MULTILAYER air void content of the concrete. The hypothesis of the MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND experiment was if the unit weight of the plastic concrete THIN FILMS USING ARGON RICH MICROWAVE PLASMA WITH decreases, then the air void content will increase by a CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (MPCVD) Aman Kumar, similar percentage. Four batches of concrete were mixed [email protected], 4637 Forest Ridge Dr, Mason, OH in a cement mixer using different amounts of an air 45040 (Mason HS) HQWUDLQPHQW DGGLWLYH (DFK EDWFK ZDV ZHLJKHG WR ÀQG the unit weight, and underwent a pressure meter test. +HDWWUDQVIHUPDQDJHPHQWLQFRPSDFWHOHFWURQLFVLVFULWLFDO A pressure meter test measures the air void content of to prevent device failure and achieve high processing FRQFUHWH7KHÀUVWEDWFKXVHGQRDLUHQWUDLQPHQWDGGLWLYH speeds. With three times thermal-conductivity (>20 W/cm K It was the control for a standard mixture of concrete. In the of single crystal) than copper and as an insulator, diamond other batches different amounts of air entrainment additive EDVHG WKLQ ÀOPV KDYH VLJQLÀFDQW YDOXH LI XQLIRUP KLJK were used. The air entrainment additive, in this case Air SXULW\ÀOPVFDQEHSURGXFHG,QWKLVUHVHDUFK0LFURZDYH Mix 200, adds air to the concrete. The second batch had a 3ODVPD &KHPLFDO 9DSRU 'HSRVLWLRQ 03&9' SURFHVV GLIIHUHQFHLQXQLWZHLJKWRIIURPWKHÀUVWEDWFK7KH was used. The hypothesis was that the seeding layers air void content increased by 2.2% as well. The third batch will affect the phase purity and morphology; lower Argon GHFUHDVHGLQXQLWZHLJKWIURPWKHÀUVWEDWFKE\ZKLOH (Ar) content and extended depositions will result in better the air void content increased by 4%. The unit weight of the TXDOLW\ÀOP$IWHUGHSRVLWLRQVXUIDFHOD\HUZDVDQDO\]HG last batch decreased by 8.6%. Its air void content increased using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman by 8.5%. When observing the mixed concrete, each new Spectroscopy for diamond purity. Experiments produced batch with more air entrainment additive decreased in PWKLFNQHVVÀOPDQGUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHGWKDWWKHGLDPRQG GHQVLW\7KHGDWDFRQÀUPHGWKHK\SRWKHVLV8VLQJWKHXQLW content can vary enormously from 62.9% to 98.7% due to weight of the concrete an approximate amount of air void
WKH JDV UDWLR RI $UJRQ +\GURJHQ PHWKDQH $U +2 &+4), content can be found. GHSRVLWLRQ WLPH DQG VHHGLQJ OD\HU TXDOLW\ 'HFUHDVLQJ the Ar content from 95% to 60% and increasing deposition Poster Board No. 005 IRON EFFECTS ON CARBON time from 3 hours to 12 hours resulted in diamond content DIOXIDE BIOFIXATION BY COCCOLITHOPHORID ALGAE. IURP WR 0XOWLOD\HU GLDPRQG ÀOP GHSRVLWLRQ Osama Alkhalili, [email protected], 4691 Fairway experiments showed that surface smoothness was better Lane, Sylvania Ohio 43560 (Maumee Valley Country Day than single layer as indicated by non-crystalline surface School). VWUXFWXUH XQGHU 5DPDQ VSHFWURVFRS\ 'HSRVLWLQJ WKH
ORZHU$UFRQWHQW ÀOPÀUVWUHVXOWHGLQEHWWHUQDQR %LRÀ[DWLRQ RI FDUERQ GLR[LGH &22) using photosynthetic VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A25 organisms is one way to slow global warming resulting (EPA) issued a snapping turtle consumption advisory from anthropegenic additions of CO2 to the atmosphere. based on a 1997 study of turtles collected from northern This project explores the CO2 À[DWLQJ DELOLWLHV RI Ohio sample sites. This study demonstrated that lead, Coccolithophorid algae. It is hypothesized that an optimal mercury, and other contaminants can accumulate at high FRQFHQWUDWLRQRILURQZLOOEHPRVWEHQHÀFLDOWRDOJDOJURZWK levels in snapping turtles. Although bioaccumulation of and thus reduce CO2 the most. Algae were cultured in a environmental contaminants in other species typically marine algae culture medium for 3 days, 12 hour light/ 12 LQFUHDVHV ZLWK VSHFLPHQ VL]H WKH 2KLR 'HSDUWPHQW RI KRXUGDUNZLWKWZRÁXRUHVFHQWOLJKWEXOEVDWFPDERYH 1DWXUDO 5HVRXUFHV '15 UHFHQWO\ FKDQJHG WKH KDUYHVW water surface. On the 4th day, 250 ml of the algal solution regulation for snapping turtles to a 13-inch minimum was added to each of eighteen- 500ml water bottles, each carapace length—effectively limiting consumption to only set of three containing different dilution- a control group larger specimens. The objective of the proposed research is with no iron added, 0.024 ppm, 0.048 ppm, 0.095 ppm, 0.19 to determine the accumulation levels of lead and mercury ppm, and 0.38 ppm of iron and cultured at 23°C. The sealed in muscle, kidney, liver, and fat tissues of snapping water bottles were inserted into a rotator that was placed turtles from the southeastern Ohio region and determine 30 cm from the light bulbs. The level of carbon dioxide left if contamination levels are correlated with carapace inside the bottles was measured in parts per million (ppm) dimensions. A total of 4 turtles were collected in Southeast using the Control Wizard CO2 Test kit on days 3, 6, and 9 2KLRIROORZLQJ2KLR'15:LOGOLIHKDUYHVWLQJUHJXODWLRQV using one of the three sealed water bottles for each iron Turtles were euthanized, and each tissue sample was then dilution. The original concentration of CO2 was 400 ppm removed and separated through dissection of the specimen o and that was the CO2 concentration of the environment and stored at -30 C. Muscle samples from an additional 5 at which the bottles were sealed. The experiment was turtles harvested from public waters in Northwest West repeated three times. The control resulted in an average Virginia were also donated by local anglers and stored at 3.0% decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide left in the -30 oC. Lead analysis will be conducted at the University water bottles after 9 days. The 0.024 ppm, 0.048 ppm, of Rio Grande using a multi-point standard additions 0.095 ppm, 0.19 ppm, and 0.38 ppm of iron resulted in calibration with a Perkin-Elmer AAnalyst 600 graphite 4.0%, 5.6%, 8.0%, 14% and 10% average decrease in furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mercury amount of carbon dioxide, respectively. Results imply that One Laboratories will perform mercury analysis via purge Coccolithophorid algae can react to small amounts of iron DQG WUDS R[LGDWLRQ DQG FROG YDSRU DWRPLF ÁXRUHVFHQFH in their environment and the optimal concentration to spectrometry. remove the most carbon dioxide from the atmosphere was DURXQG SSPLURQ7KHVHÀQGLQJVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHXVH Poster Board No. 008 ANCIENT FORESTS: A COMPARISON of Coccolithophorid algea along with iron fertilization may OF CLIFF-DWELLING RED CEDAR (JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA) EHDGRSWHGDVDFDUERQGLR[LGHELRÀ[DWLRQVWUDWHJ\ & WHITE CEDAR (THUJA OCCIDENTALIS) IN ADAMS COUNTY, OHIO, Elijah B. Bedel. [email protected]. 19 Abner Poster Board No. 006 OCEANIC OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP. Hollow Road, Lynx, Ohio 45650 (West Union High School) Abigail L Myers, [email protected], 4251 N County Line Rd, Sunbury OH 43074 (Big Walnut Middle School). Old growth, cliff-dwelling forests have been documented at sites around the world. Two species known to inhabit Accidental oil spills in aquatic environments require effective these cliff communities are northern white cedar (Thuja clean-up methods. This experiment investigated use of occidentalis) and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). synthetic (polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyester) and %RWKDUHNQRZQWRREWDLQJUHDWORQJHYLW\DQGORZUDGLDO natural organic (cotton, straw, and sawdust) sorbents to growth rates when growing on cliffs. To date, no previous remove oil from salt and fresh water, by absorption and/or studies have examined these species on Ohio cliff sites. DGVRUSWLRQ+\SRWKHVLV VDOWZDWHUZLOOQRWLPSDFWVRUEHQW This study examined the age and radial growth rates of 38 ability to retrieve oil, and reducing sorbent mass so it is red and 38 white cedars growing on dolomite cliffs at two in complete contact with the oil will result in increased sites within the Edge of Appalachia Preserve System in effective oil collection: sorbent mass ratios. Each sorbent Adams County, Ohio. Cross sections of downed, cliff-grown (1.5g) was placed into a beaker containing an oil slick (20 trees were taken and ring counts were conducted to obtain PO ÁRDWLQJRQWKHZDWHUVXUIDFH PO WLPHG PLQ tree age. Radial growth rate was determined by dividing DQG UHPRYHG 0DVVHV RI XVHG VRUEHQW DQG ÁXLGV ZHUH the radius (mm) by the number of rings (age). Linear determined. Mass ratios for individual sorbents were (in regression was used to determine if radial growth rates fresh/salt water): polypropylene (9.6/8.6), polyurethane were predictable based on tree age for either species. White (4.4/4.1), polyester (10.7/11.3), cotton (10.1/10.0), straw FHGDUZDVROGHU PHDQ 6( \HDUV FRPSDUHGWR (4.2/4.0), and sawdust (5.4/5.3). Reduced masses were then UHGFHGDU PHDQ 6( \HDUV ,QDGGLWLRQZKLWH used for cotton (0.7g), polyester (0.8g), and polyurethane FHGDU KDG D KLJKHU UDGLDO JURZWK UDWH PHDQ (1.1g) in additional salt water trials, resulting in oil mass 6( PP SHU \HDU WKDQ UHG FHGDU PHDQ 6( ratios of 19.8 for cotton, 17.3 for polyester, and 6.9 for mm per year). No correlation existed between age and polyurethane. Mean mass ratios for synthetics were 8.3 in radial growth rate for either red cedar (R= -0.002329823) fresh water, 8.0 in salt water, and 11.0 in salt water with or white cedar (R= -0.00137004) growing on cliffs. Radial reduced sorbent mass, while ratios for organic sorbents growth rates and age were very similar, likely because both were 6.6 in fresh water, 6.4 in salt water, and 9.7 in salt have a stem-strip growth pattern adaptation and respond water with reduced mass. Experimental results indicate similarly when growing on cliffs. This study concludes comparable sorbent oil removal effectiveness for fresh and that cliff-grown red and white cedars have old growth salt water, and increased oil mass ratios through more forest potential and warrant examination for protection by effective application using a reduced sorbent mass for conservation organizations. cotton, polyester, and polyurethane. Poster Board No. 009 TAKING A NATURAL APPROACH: Poster Board No. 007 CORRELATING THE ACCUMULATION PHOSPHATE REMOVAL WITH ALGAE. Kayla N Kavanaugh, OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS FOUND IN CHELYDRA [email protected], 3724 Winter Hill Drive, SERPENTINA OF SOUTHEAST OHIO WITH CARAPACE Fairfield Township, OH 45011, 5400 Red Bank Drive, DIMENSIONS. Whitney C. [email protected]. Cincinnati, OH 45227. (The Seven Hills School) edu, Bradley M. Altier [email protected], (Jacob White,[email protected]), University of Rio Grande, 3501 Factory This experiment was designed in response to the high Road, Albany, Ohio 45710. content of blue-green algae in Ohio’s Grand Lake St. Marys. The purpose of the research was to determine which +XPDQ FRQVXPSWLRQ RI WKH FRPPRQ VQDSSLQJ species or combination of non-toxic algal species most turtle, Chelydra serpentina, is popular in Southeast Ohio. effectively removes phosphate from a given solution in a In 2012, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency designated amount of time. If phosphorus is extracted from A-26 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 drainage water before it enters the lake by growing and rate of metals in transplanted lichens (Flavoparmelia harvesting algae, pollution of the lake can be prevented. caperata) in relation to distance from Eramet, a ferro- Four independent variables were used in the experiment PDQJDQHVH DOOR\ SODQW RXWVLGH RI 0DULHWWD 2+. Lichens which included algal species Scenedesmus obliquus, lack root systems and waxy cuticles and are thus dependent Pandorina morium, Chlorella vulgaris and a combination upon deposition for mineral nutrients. They have also been RIDOOWKUHH7KUHHP/ÁDVNVFRQWDLQLQJP/%ROG·V shown to hyperaccumulate metals and are thus strong %DVDO 0HGLXP %%0 D FRPPRQ SKRVSKDWHFRQWDLQLQJ indicators of air born metal pollution. F. caperata was medium were designated to each variable. One additional collected from Athens, Ohio, and transplanted in mesh ÁDVN RI %%0 DFWHG DV D SRVLWLYH FRQWURO DQG D ÁDVN RI SDFNHWVRQ-DQXDU\LQWRVLWHVLQ%RD]:9 NP GLVWLOOHGZDWHUDFWHGDVDQHJDWLYHFRQWURO$IWHUHDFKÁDVN IURP(UDPHW 0DULHWWD NP DQG$WKHQV2+ NP was inoculated with its designated amount of algae (A550), Locations were selected to show variation due to distance VDPSOHV ZHUH WDNHQ IURP HDFK ÁDVN DW UHJXODU LQWHUYDOV from the plant without regard to wind patterns. Each month for two weeks. Samples were centrifuged to separate algal from January to July 2012, three packets were retrieved cells and phosphate-containing supernatant. Following from each site and split into two samples weighing between a standard Phosphate Assay procedure, total phosphate 0.3 and 0.5g for analysis. The samples were digested nitric levels in the supernatant were recorded. Results showed acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, and metal that Scenedesmus removed an average of over 96 PPM concentrations were determined using atomic absorption RI WRWDO SKRVSKDWH IURP WKH %%0 DIWHU WZR ZHHNV 7KH spectroscopy. The concentrations were then averaged for combination of all species yielded the next highest with the monthly replicates at each site, and the averages were over 75 PPM removed. Species of Pandorina and Chlorella SORWWHGRQDJUDSKRIFRQFHQWUDWLRQ ǍJPHWDOJOLFKHQGU\ removed 66 and 61 PPM of phosphate, respectively. ZHLJKW YHUVXVWLPH%RD]ZDVFORVHVWWRWKHPHWDOVVRXUFH Changes in phosphate levels in uninoculated controls were and was expected to have the highest concentrations. negligible. While each species removed more than half Athens, the control site, was expected to have the lowest RI WKH SKRVSKDWH RULJLQDOO\ SUHVHQW LQ WKH %%0 UHVXOWV FRQFHQWUDWLRQV 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW %RD] KDG WKH indicate that Scenedesmus is the most effective option. KLJKHVW FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI 0Q ǍJJ DQG $WKHQV KDGWKHORZHVWFRQFHQWUDWLRQV ǍJJ DVH[SHFWHGDW Poster Board No. 010 OPTIMAL WIND FARM the end of six months. At the end of six months, Marietta CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS. Mitchell K. Pallaki, mcorrigan@ KDG0QFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI ǍJJRQDYHUDJH$WWKHHQG metrohealth.org Saint Ignatius High School, Cleveland, OH of six months all transplanted F. caperata samples appear 44113. to be approaching equilibrium but were still accumulating Mn slowly. Chromium, nickel, iron, and copper are yet to An increasingly used renewable resource is wind power. be analyzed. Wind turbines are effective electricity generators. Wind IDUPFRQÀJXUDWLRQRUWKHSRVLWLRQLQJRIZLQGWXUELQHVLV Poster Board No. 012 DEVELOPMENT OF A CAPRINE LPSRUWDQW LQ RSWLPL]LQJ HOHFWULFDO HQHUJ\ SURGXFWLRQ %\ LYMPHOCYTE MODEL TO EVALUATE ENVIRONMENTAL DQDO\]LQJYDULRXVZLQGIDUPFRQÀJXUDWLRQVHQJLQHHUVFDQ EXPOSURE. Carolyn Lund ([email protected]); Kelley Black design the optimal wind farm taking into account wind (blackkfindlay.edu); Michael Edelbrock (edelbrock@findlay. VSHHGDQGWHUUDLQ7KLVVWXG\WHVWHGIRXUFRQÀJXUDWLRQVRI edu), The University of Findlay, Mail Stop 1051, 1000 North wind turbines: Straight Line, Triangle, Inverted Triangle, Main St., Findlay OH 45840. DQG 'LDJRQDO 6L[ WXUELQHV FP WDOO ZHUH WHVWHG IRU energy out put at high and low fan wind speeds, 3 and 6 This study examines the utility of domestic goats NPKUUHVSHFWLYHO\RQDÁDWDQGHOHYDWHGSODQH7XUELQHV (Capra hircus) as a model to measure genotoxic stress were placed equidistant from each other and the height induced by environmental factors. Not only do goats share was 11.4 cm between elevations. The hypothesis stated the human environment globally, but they also respond WKDW DOO FRQÀJXUDWLRQV ZRXOG JHQHUDWH PRUH HOHFWULFLW\ to toxicity much like humans. A cytokinesis block assay on high speed than low speed. The elevated plane was performed on circulating lymphocytes collected FRQÀJXUDWLRQV ZHUH K\SRWKHVL]HG WR \LHOG PRUH HQHUJ\ from goat blood samples. Circulating lymphocytes were WKDQWKHÁDWWHUUDLQUHJDUGOHVVRIVSHHG7KHÁDWWHUUDLQ VWLPXODWHG WR GLYLGH XVLQJ SK\WRKDHPDJJOXWLQLQ 3+$ LQYHUWHG WULDQJOH FRQÀJXUDWLRQ DQG HOHYDWHG WHUUDLQ Cadmium (0.5 to 5.0uM) and menadione (10 to 25 uM) WULDQJOH FRQÀJXUDWLRQ ZHUH K\SRWKHVL]HG WR SURGXFH WKH were added to simulate the effects of environmental most energy. This is based on the movement and speed exposure. The lymphocytes were blocked from cytokinesis of wind at different altitudes. There were N=320 total E\ DGGLWLRQ RI F\WRFKDODVLQ% DOORZLQJ ELQXFOHDWLRQ WR WULDOVWULDOVIRUWKHIRXUFRQÀJXUDWLRQVRQWZRWHUUDLQV RFFXU/\PSKRF\WHVZHUHLVRODWHGÀ[HGDQGVWDLQHGRQD DQG DW WZR ZLQG VSHHGV 7KH FRQÀJXUDWLRQV SURGXFWLRQ microscope slide. Control slides (no cadmium or menadione) from greatest to least: Elevated plane: inverted triangle were prepared for each cohort. The presence of micronuclei, (1,759 mV), triangle (1,577mV), horizontal (1,566 mV), nuclear budding and bridging on binucleated cells will and diagonal (779 mV). The total average energy was 710 EHVFRUHGDVELRPDUNHUVIRUJHQRWR[LFVWUHVV'LIIHUHQFHV mV. Flat plane: diagonal (1,461mV), inverted triangle in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations between (1,362 mV), horizontal (1298 mV), and triangle (1,069 control and treated cells will indicate that genotoxic stress mV). The total average energy was 649 mV. Of all the has occurred due to the exposure. Trials are ongoing. HQHUJ\SURGXFHGLQDOOFRQÀJXUDWLRQVDQGHOHYDWLRQV of it came from the high speed compared to 38% for the Poster Board No. 013 IDENTIFICATION OF BARRIERS low speed. The diagonal contributed 7% of total energy TO GENE FLOW IN THREE SLIMY SALAMANDER SPECIES produced compared to approximately 15% contribution (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE) IN THE COASTAL PLAIN IURPWKHRWKHUV$OOFRQÀJXUDWLRQV\LHOGHGPRUHHOHFWULFDO IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Ingrid Godfrey HQHUJ\ RQ KLJK YHUVXV ORZ VSHHG (YHU\ FRQÀJXUDWLRQ ([email protected]), Carlos D. Camp, Ph.D. (Piedmont yielded more electrical energy on the elevated plane except College, Demorest, Georgia), Walter Smith (The University WKHGLDJRQDO%DVHGRQWKLVVWXG\WKHLQYHUWHGWULDQJOHRQ of Virginia’s College at Wise, Wise Virginia), and Jessica DQHOHYDWHGSODQHDQGWKHGLDJRQDORQDÁDWSODQH\LHOGWKH A. Wooten, Ph.D. ([email protected]) The University of most energy. Findlay Department of Natural Sciences 1000 N. Main St. Findlay Ohio 45840 Poster Board No. 011 HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN FLAVOPARMELIA CAPERATA. John J. Ste. Marie, jjs004@ Plethodon ocmulgee (Ocmulgee Slimy Salamander), marietta.edu, Box 394 Marietta College, 215 Fifth St. Plethodon mississippi (Mississippi Slimy Salamander), Marietta, OH 45750 (David Brown). Marietta College, 215 and Plethodon grobmani (Southeastern Slimy Salamander) Fifth St. Marietta, OH 45750. are large slimy salamanders in the family Plethodontidae, which is the largest family of extant salamanders with more The purpose of this study was to assess the accumulation than 350 described species. Phylogeography and ecological VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A27 niche modeling were combined to examine unique cryptic corals that form colonies at various depths in the ocean; lineages and to estimate the abiotic and biotic factors that these colonies are easily propagated and are important in may limit the geographic distribution of these species WKHSHWWUDGHDQGIRUDTXDULXPKREE\LVWV+RZHYHUWKLVLV throughout the southeastern coastal plain. Sequences of conservation concern because many groups of these corals totaling approximately 1800 base pairs for the cytochrome are endangered and nearing extinction; overharvesting E 6 YDOLQH WUDQVIHU DQG 1$'+ GHK\GURJHQDVH has afforded them conservation status and protection. portions of the mitochondrial genome were analyzed to The aim of this project is to examine the phylogenetic create a phylogenetic hypothesis to delimit evolutionary relationships of zoanthids that are commonly distributed relationships within this group. Maximum likelihood and E\DTXDULXPKREE\LVWV7KHVSHFLÀFJRDOVDQGREMHFWLYHVRI %D\HVLDQPHWKRGVZHUHXVHGWRUHFRQVWUXFWWKHSK\ORJHQ\ this study are: 1) to identify to the species-level zoanthids Preliminary analyses revealed three unique clades used in the aquarium trade; 2) generate gene sequences SDUWLWLRQHGE\ÀUVWO\E\VSHFLHVDQGWKHQE\JHRORJLFDJH for mitochondrial 16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I The lineage boundaries present in our dataset align with &2, DQGWKHLQWHUQDOWUDQVFULEHGVSDFHURIU'1$ZKLFK the known geographic and physiographic barriers in the are commonly used molecular markers for zoanthids; 3) FRDVWDO SODLQ 7KHVH ÀQGLQJV FRUUHVSRQG WR WKH YDULHG use molecular methods, morphological, and ecological data geologic history of the coastal plain in Georgia. Ecological to identify any additional zoanthid species; 4) identify niche modeling, using presence-only data, showed that the phylogenetic relationships among zoanthids; and 5) abiotic requirements of temperature and precipitation conduct statistical analyses to assess branch support, which limit the geographic distribution of these species. In will allow conclusions to be made about the phylogenetic addition, genetic divergence, irrespective of lineage, was relationships among the individuals in our phylogeny. VLJQLÀFDQWO\ FRUUHODWHG ZLWK HQYLURQPHQWDO VLPLODULW\ across the coastal plain. Poster Board No. 016 A POPULATION ESTIMATION OF WHITE TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) AT THE Poster Board No. 014 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF A WILDS USING THE SIGHT DISTANCE METHOD. Thomas D. SMALL-RANGED PLETHODONTID SALAMANDER SPECIES, Heider [email protected] (James L. Dooley jdooley@ WEBSTER’S SALAMANDER, PLETHODON WEBSTERI muskingum.edu, Dan Beetem [email protected], (CADUATA: PLETHODONTIDAE) Caitlin Amiot (amiotc@ and Curt Coleman [email protected]) Muskingum findlay.edu), Caitlyn Gasser ([email protected]), Christina University, 163 Stormont St, New Concord OH 43762. Maurer Carlos D. Camp, Ph.D. (Piedmont College, Demorest, Georgia), and Jessica A. Wooten, Ph.D. ([email protected]) Over-population of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus The University of Findlay Department of Natural Sciences virginianus LVDVLJQLÀFDQWSUREOHPLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV 1000 N. Main St. Findlay, Ohio 45840 Population increase has been linked to a number of factors including the fact that white-tails can subsist on wide Plethodon websteri (Webster’s Salamander) is a small YDULHW\RISODQWVDUHÁH[LEOHLQWKHLUKDELWDWUHTXLUHPHQWV woodland salamander in the Plethodontidae, which is and have very few predators. A typical individual can the largest family of extant salamanders with over 350 HDWIURPÀYHWRQLQHSRXQGVRIIRRGDGD\WKXVLQODUJH described species. Plethodon websteri is endemic to the mumbers foraging can heavily impact the composition southeastern United States and has an isolated and and structure of forest communities. Indeed, white- disjunct distribution with populations scattered from tailed deer are now often cited as examples of ecological eastern Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and engineers – those species that can heavily impact and western South Carolina. Plethodon websteri is listed as alter their immediate environment. The Wilds has been an endangered species in South Carolina and as a species monitoring deer numbers for a number of years with the of special concern in Louisiana. The majority of the range aim of better understanding likely impacts on forest and of P. websteri is located in the lower piedmont in western ÀHOG KDELWDWV ZLWKLQ WKH LQVWLWXWLRQ·V HQYLURQV &HQVXV Georgia and eastern Alabama. Plethodon websteri prefers work was continued this year with the additional aim of hardwood-forested hillsides and is usually found under HVWLPDWLQJVH[UDWLR'DWDZDVJDWKHUHGXVLQJHVWDEOLVKHG logs and rocks and in leaf litter. The aim of this study was ÀHOG SURWRFRO ZLWK WKH DLP RI GHYHORSLQJ HVWLPDWHV RI to investigate the phylogeographic patterning among these GHHU SRSXODWLRQ VL]H DORQJ ÀYH WUDQVHFWV WKDW FURVV WKH isolated P. websteri populations across the southeastern institution’s property. Once data collection is completed United States. To date, little information is known about SURJUDP',67$1&( 7KRPDVHWDO ZLOOEHXVHGWR WKHOHYHORIJHQHÁRZDPRQJWKHVHLVRODWHGSRSXODWLRQVRI develop an array of local and property-wide population size P. websteri, and therefore, the phylogenetic relationships estimates. among these isolates remains unknown. In order to LGHQWLI\WKHDFWXDOOHYHORIJHQHÁRZDQGSRWHQWLDOEDUULHUV Poster Board No. 017 A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RI JHQH ÁRZ ERWK QXFOHDU LH Plethodon receptivity RIPARIAN VEGETATION AND SHADING ON STREAM FISH factor gene and Interleukin Factor 3) and mitochondrial ABUNDANCE, BIODIVERSITY AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN LHF\WRFKURPHE1$'+GHK\GURJHQDVHVXEXQLWDQG CONTENT. Jeffery M. Sharratt, jefferys@muskingum. 1$'+GHK\GURJHQDVHVXEXQLW JHQHVHTXHQFHVZLOOEH edu., (James L. Dooley [email protected]), Caitlin used. Phylogenetic hypothesis will be estimated using Byrne, [email protected]., Jessica Spencer maximum likelihood methods and bootstrap values and [email protected]., Shana Byrd sbyrd@thewilds. population genetics questions will be answered using org. Muskingum University, 163 Stormont St., New Concord modern techniques. OH 43762.
Poster Board No. 015 PHYLOGENY OF ZOANTHIDS Freshwater habitats are hotspots for life because these (PHYLUM: CNIDARIA; ORDER ZOANTHARIA) GENERATED habitats cover less than 1% of the Earth’s surface but FROM NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL SEQUENCES contain roughly 10% of the known species; however, these Jessica Gordon ([email protected]), Courtney Timmons habitats are being rapidly degraded by anthropogenic ([email protected]), Cameron Koepp (koeppc@ VRXUFHV VXFK DV ZDWHU ÁRZ UHJXODWLRQ ZDWHU H[WUDFWLRQ findlay.edu), and Jessica Wooten ([email protected]) The removal of riparian zones, and nitrogen pollution from University of Findlay Department of Natural Sciences 1000 agriculture that can cause harmful algal blooms. One of N. Main St. Findlay, Ohio 45840 the main focuses of freshwater habitat conservation is the conservation of riparian vegetation and implementing =RDQWKLGV DUH D FRPPRQ FRUDO NQRZQ IRU WKHLU GLIÀFXOW riparian buffers along the edges of streams, rivers, and taxonomy and variances in morphology. Thus, traditional lakes in agricultural and urban areas; therefore, it is ELRORJLFDO DQDO\VLV KDV EHHQ GLIÀFXOW DQG XQUHOLDEOH GXH important to understand the effects of these riparian areas to extensive morphological homoplasy. Zoanthids have on the stream health. The objective of this research was a worldwide distribution and can be found in nearly all to study the effects of riparian vegetation and shading on marine environments. Morphologically, they are soft polyp VWUHDPKHDWKE\XVLQJÀVKDQGGLVVROYHGR[\JHQFRQWHQWDV A-28 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 indicators of stream health. Seine netting was used to collect Poster Board No. 020 COMPARATIVE GENOMICS data suitable for estimating abundance and biodiversity of ANALYSIS OF POPLAR GENES ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT- ÀVK ,Q DGGLWLRQ GLVVROYHG R[\JHQ FRQWHQW ZDV PHDVXUHG MICROBE INTERACTIONS, Jennifer L. Trumbo, jtrumbo@ at four stream sites: two with riparian shading and two capital.edu, 937 Sheridan Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43209 without. Thus far the results have shown that the riparian shaded stretches of stream have greater biodiversity with The demands for energy in our modernized, industrial 7 species being found in the two stretches combined and world continue to challenge the Earth’s natural resources. only 2 species being found in the non-riparian shaded Optimization of the interaction between plants and stretches combined. There appears, however, to be a higher microbes could improve yield and enable growth in ÀVKDEXQGDQFHLQWKHQRQULSDULDQVKDGHGVWUHWFKHVZLWK marginal lands through maximizing resource uptake with the two stretches having 30 individuals compared to 12 WKHKHOSIURPEHQHÀFLDOVRLOPLFUREHV2DN5LGJH1DWLRQDO individuals in the riparian shaded stretches. Lab scientists are working on many candidate genes within poplar trees involved in plant-microbe interaction. Poster Board No. 018 THE VARIANCE IN GENETICALLY In this summer 2012 study, I performed comparative ENGINEERED FOOD IN THE US VS. CENTRAL AND SOUTH genomics analysis of one candidate gene family in a large AMERICA. Kaitlin E. Hicks, [email protected], Justin M. evolutionary space using multiple computational and Hoying, [email protected], Angela M. Dibling, adibling@ molecular biology approaches. First, a phylogenetic tree capital.edu, Dr. Kerry Cheesman, [email protected]. was created to explore the evolutionary relationship of 645 Sheridan Avenue Columbus, OH 43209. the gene family in multiple plant species including poplar (Populus trichocarpa) that is an important bioenergy As food production continues to escalate, the advancement crop. Second, gene expression pattern and subcellular RI JHQHWLFDOO\ PRGLÀHG *0 IRRGV KDV DOVR LQFUHDVHG localization were analyzed to reveal the functions of genes The United States is a leader in GM research; however, and gene groups. Finally, multiple poplar genotypes were WKHUHLVPRUHLQWHUHVWLQWKHPRGLÀFDWLRQRIIRRGVSURGXFHG compared to reveal the association between genotypes LQ GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV VSHFLÀFDOO\ &HQWUDO DQG 6RXWK and phenotypes. This comparison was completed by PCR America. A variety of corn products have been collected cloning, gel electrophoresis, and transient expression from the U.S., along with products produced in Central in poplar protoplasts. The expression of poplar proteins DQG6RXWK$PHULFDQFRXQWULHV8VLQJVXSSOLHVIURP%LR WDJJHGZLWKJUHHQÁXRUHVFHQWSURWHLQZDVREVHUYHGXQGHU 5DG/DERUDWRULHV'1$ZDVH[WUDFWHGIURPFRUQSURGXFWV FRQIRFDO ÁXRUHVFHQFH PLFURVFRS\ 7KLV LQYHVWLJDWLRQ LQFOXGLQJFKLSVÁRXUDQGFHUHDO'1$ZDVDPSOLÀHGXVLQJ revealed that particular poplar genotypes known to interact Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the sequences EHQHÀFLDOO\ ZLWK PLFUREHV H[KLELWHG VLPLODU H[SUHVVLRQ known to be present in GM products. Samples were run on patterns. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gene 3% agarose gels, along with positive and negative controls, IDPLO\ZDVVSHFLÀFDOO\H[SDQGHGLQSRSODUWKURXJKWDQGHP and visualized using ultraviolet light after staining with GXSOLFDWLRQ 6XEFHOOXODU ORFDOL]DWLRQ DQDO\VLV LGHQWLÀHG ethidium bromide. Research carried out thus far has two subfunctionalization groups, focusing in the cytoplasm shown that 49% of foods made in the US (n=67) tested and nucleus, respectively. This research provided new SRVLWLYHIRUJHQHWLFPRGLÀFDWLRQ([FOXGLQJIRRGSURGXFWV information to inform future genetic improvement of labeled “organic” or “all-natural,” the percent testing poplar for enhanced biofuels production. positive for GM increases to 64% (n=52). In contrast, of the Central and South American food products (n=34), only Poster Board No. 021 PRIMATES AND US: FAMILY 34% tested positive. These results provide recognition of TREE GENERATION WITH NADH DEHYDROGENASE WKHGLIIHUHQFHVLQJHQHWLFPRGLÀFDWLRQRIIRRGEHWZHHQWKH SUBUNIT 5 PROTEIN ALIGNMENTS. Brennon, L, Shanks, U.S. and developing countries. [email protected], Daniel, S, Henderson, [email protected], Isaac, A, Harmon, Poster Board No. 019 THE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC [email protected], 9472 West Avenue, Blue Ash, OH MODIFICATION OF POPCORN (ZEA MAYS). Kashmere 45242 Pearson ([email protected]) and Jessica DeBelly (Dr. Kerry L. Cheesman), Biological and Environmental Sciences +XPDQV DUH SULPDWHV 3K\VLFDO VLPLODULWLHV EHWZHHQ Department, Capital University, 1 College and Main, modern human species and other primates suggest a Columbus, OH 43209 shared common ancestry. In this study, computational ELRORJ\ ZDV XVHG WR FRPSDUH 1$'+ GHK\GURJHQDVH Many advances have been made in agricultural VXEXQLW 1$'+ SURWHLQ VHTXHQFHV IURP KXPDQV ELRWHFKQRORJ\DQGWKHSUHYDOHQFHRIJHQHWLFDOO\PRGLÀHG Neanderthals, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, (GM) food has increased substantially in the 21st century. colubus monkeys, and lemurs to generate a primate $YDULHW\RIFURSVDUHEHLQJPRGLÀHGWRLQFUHDVHQXWULWLRQDO IDPLO\ WUHH 7KH %DVLF /RFDO $OLJQPHQW 6HTXHQFH 7RRO value as well as decrease damage from pests. Popcorn (Zea %/$67 DQG GLVWDQFH WUHH SURJUDPV IURP WKH 1DWLRQDO mays variant) is one of the top ten snack foods in the US, &HQWHU IRU %LRWHFKQRORJ\ ,QIRUPDWLRQ 1&%, ZHUH XVHG and one of the crops that has been targeted for genetic to estimate sequence similarities between primate species PRGLÀFDWLRQ &XUUHQW *0 UHJXODWLRQV GR QRW UHTXLUH DQGFRQVWUXFWDIDPLO\WUHH%DVHGRQIXOOOHQJWKVHTXHQFH that products be labeled as GM. The current experiment alignments, the most closely related primate to human is a was designed to determine if common brands of popcorn Neanderthal (99% identity) and the most distantly related LQ WKH 86 KDYH EHHQ PRGLÀHG ,W LV K\SRWKHVL]HG WKDW primate is the lemur (72%). The average mutation rate for store bought popcorn will not show evidence of genetic WKHIXOOOHQJWK1$'+SURWHLQLQSULPDWHVLVHVWLPDWHGWR PRGLÀFDWLRQ8VLQJVWDQGDUGFRPPHUFLDOSURFHGXUHV'1$ be 1.19x10-2 percent difference per million years ago (%dif/ is being extracted from store bought regular and organic P\D $YHUDJH PXWDWLRQ UDWHV IRU 1$'+ DPLQR DFLGV SRSFRUQ %RWK ZKROH NHUQHO DQG SUHSRSSHG VDPSOHV DUH 1-200 (1.13x10-2 %dif/mya), 201-400 (8.29x10-3), and 401- EHLQJDQDO\]HG'1$LVEHLQJDPSOLÀHGWKURXJK3&5UXQ 603 (1.88x10-2 DUHVLJQLÀFDQWO\GLIIHUHQW S $ORZHU on 3% agarose gels (along with positive and negative GM mutation rate with amino acids 201-400 suggests that this controls), and results are visualized with ultraviolet light region is highly conserved and plays an important role in following ethidium bromide staining. Preliminary results WKHIXQFWLRQRI1$'+ show that nearly 75% of popcorn samples (N=24 to date) KDYHEHHQJHQHWLFDOO\PRGLÀHG$VDGGLWLRQDOVDPSOHVDUH Poster Board No. 022 REMEDIATION OF AN ACIDIC PIT completed, a comparison between popcorn and regular LAKE AT THE MUSKINGUM VALLEY SCOUT RESERVATION corn (Zea mays) will be made, using existing data from this LOCATED ON RECLAIMED MINING LAND IN COSHOCTON laboratory. These results will help the public know more COUNTY, OHIO. Zachery T. Beres, zacheryberes@walsh. about what they are eating. edu, (Curtis C. Clevinger and Jennifer A. Clevinger), Walsh University, 2020 East Maple St. NE, North Canton OH 44720. VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A29
Increased understanding of global climate change and the levels due to physical activity. There are several factors dangers associated with burning fossil fuels have caused WKDW LQÁXHQFH ELRHOHFWULFDO LPSHGDQFH WKDW KDYH WR EH industrialized nations to search for cleaner sources of accounted for when determining an accurate reading. One energy. This has led to the abandonment of coal mining of the most important of these factors is the hydration RSHUDWLRQVZKHUHRSHQSLWVEHFRPHVXVFHSWLEOHWREDFNÀOO status of the individual being measured. This project with surface and groundwater to form acidic pit lakes. compares an individual’s body fat percentage at a higher Crystal Lake, Muskingum Valley Scout Reservation hydration level before exercise to the individual’s body fat Coshocton County, Ohio, is one example of an acidic DIWHUH[HUFLVHDWDORZHUK\GUDWLRQOHYHO%HIRUHDQGDIWHU pit lake. These lakes pose certain ecological dangers to exercise, hydration levels will be determined by measuring surrounding groundwater and adjacent land. The purpose WKH VSHFLÀF JUDYLW\ RI XULQH XVLQJ D UHIUDFWRPHWHU DQG of this study was to determine a suitable remediation body fat percentage will be measured using a hand-to-foot technique for Crystal Lake to restore the quality of water bioelectrical impendence scale. A two-tailed paired-sample EDFN WR WKDW IRXQG LQ QDWXUDO ODNHV 'XULQJ D WHQ ZHHN t-test will be used to determine if there is a difference in period from June to August 2012, remediation techniques the measurements of body fat before and after exercise. If were explored on Crystal Lake on a small-scale using a difference in body fat is found, then the differences in ÁRDWLQJ JDOORQ SODVWLF FDUER\V DQG RQ D ODUJHVFDOH body fat will be compared to the differences in hydration using the entire lake. Remediation techniques applied using a simple linear correlation. Although bioelectrical included the addition of grape-to-dust sized limestone impedance is widely known to be the simple method of (large and small-scale) and the addition of organic matter ÀQGLQJDFFXUDWHPHDVXUHPHQWVRIERG\IDWSHUFHQWDJHDV in the form of fruit and sawdust (small-scale only) on a well as total body water and body mass, this project will ZHHNO\ EDVLV WR PDLQWDLQ SURSHU S+ OHYHOV EHWZHHQ investigate if hydration level has a drastic effect on the and 8.5. Water quality was monitored by measuring the measurement of body fat percentage measurements. There S+WKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIQLWUDWH65373'2&DQG71 will be 100 subjects in this study. Molecular data (TRFLP) was collected and is currently being processed to see how the bacterial community Poster Board No. 025 IMAGING OF T-CELL PROLIFERA- has changed, if at all, as a result of remediation. Initial TION IN LYMPH NODES OF LYMPHOPENIC HOSTS. Susie Min1 observations indicate that both limestone (large-scale 3.24 [email protected], Deborah S. Barkauskas2 deborah. to 4.11) and sawdust remediation are plausible remediation [email protected], Rachel Liou2 rachel.liou@gmail. techniques to improve the quality of Crystal Lake. com, Booki Min3 [email protected], Alex Huang2 alex.y.huang@ case.edu, 12577 Wyndgate Ct. Westlake, OH 44145 (Hatha- Poster Board No. 023 ROLE OF ASCORBIC ACID AND way Brown School), 2Department of Pediatrics, Case Western TOCOPHEROL TO PROMOTE CELL SURVIVAL IN AMYLOID Reserve University School of Medicine, 3Department of Im- PLAQUE MEDIATED CELL DEATH IN ALZHEIMER’S munology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation. DISEASE USING A DROSOPHILA EYE MODEL. Aarti Kumar, [email protected], 4637 Forest Ridge Dr, Mason, OH Lymphopenia, a condition in which the number of lym- 45040 (Mason HS) phocytes falls below normal levels, makes patients more susceptible to infection and disease. Attempts to reconsti- $O]KHLPHU·V $' LV D QHXURGHJHQHUDWLYH GLVHDVH tute the immune system by injecting donor lymphocytes caused by synaptic failure and death of neurons, which cause uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes known as is projected to harm over 13.2 million people by 2025. ‘homeostatic proliferation’. The hypothesis is that homeo- Today’s treatments consist of antibiotic therapies that static proliferation occurs as a result of T-cell interaction WUHDW WKH V\PSWRPV RI $' VXFK DV GHFUHDVHG FRJQLWLYH ZLWKGHQGULWLFFHOOV '&V DNH\FHOOW\SHWRLQGXFH7FHOO function but these therapies do not have the ability to activation. With the use of 2-photon microscopy, high-res- treat the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s. This project focused olution lymph node images were obtained in vivo to exam- on developing an antioxidant therapy to reduce the LQH WKH LQWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ 7FHOOV DQG '&V WKDW FRXOG progression of Alzheimer’s. The project’s objective was to lead to homeostatic proliferation, which provided dynamic test antioxidants as a potential drug therapy by developing GDWDIRUDQDO\VLV$O\PSKRSHQLF&'F+/MCherry mouse (in an effective Drosophila Melanogaster Á\H\HPRGHOLQRUGHU ZKLFK'&VDUHODEHOHGZLWKUHGÁXRUHVFHQWSURWHLQ ZDV WRWUHDWWKH$'SURJUHVVLRQ7KHK\SRWKHVLVGHYHORSHGZDV injected with 1x107ÁXRUHVFHQWODEHOHGQDwYH&'7FHOOV that if treatments of Ascorbic Acid and Tocopherol are and the popliteal lymph node (behind the knee) was im- used in an Alzheimer’s Drosophila eye model then there aged over 44.6 minutes. The computer software Imaris will be a reduction in free radical production, rescuing the was used to analyze images, followed by statistical analy- neurodegeneration phenotype which indicates cell survival. sis using the Excel. The speed of T-cell movement and fre- 7R GHYHORS WKLV PRGHO D Á\ FXOWXUH ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG E\ TXHQF\GXUDWLRQRI7FHOO'&FRQWDFWVZHUHFDOFXODWHG$ growing Drosophila *05*DO$ǃ &\2 ODUYDH LQ Á\ WRWDORIPRXVH'&VDPSOHVZHUHWUDFNHGLQWKHO\PSK PHGLD+DOIRIWKHVHVDPSOHVZHUHWUHDWHGZLWKGLIIHUHQW node, with 123 samples (27.6%) indicating interaction with antioxidant dosages and half were untreated, thus serving ÁXRUHVFHQWODEHOHG 7FHOOV 2Q DYHUDJH 7FHOOV FRQWDFWHG as controls. Larval immunohistochemical staining was '&VIRU PLQXWHVLQO\PSKRSHQLFPLFHFRPSDUHG used to detect proteins in the GMR region by using confocal WRPLQXWHVLQFRQWURODQLPDOV7KHGDWDVXSSRUWV microscopy and adult phenotype screening to analyze the WKHK\SRWKHVLVWKDW7FHOO'&LQWHUDFWLRQLVVLJQLÀFDQWO\ effect of the antioxidants at an early onset and late onset of prolonged under lymphopenic conditions and suggests that $'$QRSWLPXPGRVDJHRIP0RI$VFRUELFDFLGFUHDWHG this prolonged interaction may contribute to homeostatic VLJQLÀFDQWUHVFXHDVLQGLFDWHGE\WKHUHGXFWLRQLQQXPEHU proliferation. RIÁ\H\HVZLWKEODFNVSRWVLQ*05*$/$ǃSKHQRW\SH from > 30% (control) to < 5% (treated). At 50mM of Poster Board No. 026 THE EFFECTS OF PHYTOESTRO- $VFRUELFDFLGWUHDWPHQWUDWLRRIOLYHÁLHVDQGKDWFKHGÁLHV GENS IN RED CLOVER ON THE EFFICACY OF TAMOXIFEN also increased from < 10% (control) to > 50% (treated). Key IN MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELLS. Samer Alkhalili, samer. outcomes of this research included the development of a [email protected], 4691 fairway Lane, Sylvania Ohio successful DrosophilaÁ\H\HPRGHOWKDWFDQEHXVHGWRWHVW 43560 (Toledo Islamic Academy). IRUIXWXUH$'WKHUDSLHV The purpose of this project was to determine if there is Poster Board No. 024 ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE an interaction between red clover, a common alternative ANALYSIS OF BODY FAT PERCENTAGES AT VARYING medicine for post-menopausal symptoms, and Tamoxifen HYDRATION LEVELS, Danielle E. Lang, del001@marietta. (Tx); a conventional chemotherapeutic drug administered edu, and (Jennifer A. Hancock), [email protected], to breast cancer patients. It is hypothesized that SK\WRHVWURJHQV LQ UHG FORYHU ZLOO GHFUHDVH WKH HIÀFLHQF\ The objective of this project is to determine the accuracy of Tx as a breast cancer treatment, therefore blocking of bioelectrical impedance analysis at varying hydration the effects of the drug. MCF-7 cells, a human epithelial A-30 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 breast cancer cell line, that is estrogen receptor positive tablet antacids, which cannot prevent heartburn from (ERa+), were set at 50,000 cells per well in RPMI with occurring. The hypothesis was that a calcium carbonate )%6 JURZWK PHGLD 2Q GD\ 0&) FHOOV ZHUH VROXWLRQ ZRXOG UDLVH WKH S+ RI OHPRQ MXLFH D VRXUFH RI pretreated with 1:10^4 red clover and let settle until day citric acid) to a greater extent than a sodium chloride or 4 when the cells were treated with 5uM Tx and retreated sucrose solution. Citric acid in food is a common cause of with red clover in the presence and absence of Estradiol heartburn, since it makes the stomach produce extra acid (E2). For control, the preset cells were treated with 95% in order for it to digest. An average of three trials revealed ethanol. The viability and death of the cells were assessed that solutions with 14g of calcium carbonate and 80mL of by Trypan blue exclusion assay in triplicate every other ZDWHUUDLVHGWKHS+RIFLWULFDFLGLQWKHIRUPRIP/RI day starting at day 6 for 8 days. When compared to the lemon juice from 3.0 to 4.5; solutions with 14g of sodium control, which showed a 4% increase in average number of FKORULGHWRP/ZDWHUUDLVHGWKHOHPRQMXLFH·VS+IURP dead cells, each sample of E2 1.0 nM, and red clover 1:10^4 3.0 to 4.0 and solutions with 14g of sucrose to 80mL water GLGQRWFDXVHDVLJQLÀFDQWHIIHFWRQWKHSHUFHQWLQFUHDVH UDLVHGWKHOHPRQMXLFH·VS+IURPWR7KLVVXJJHVWV in average number of dead cells, accounting only for a 6% that a calcium carbonate solution could be introduced DQGLQFUHDVHUHVSHFWLYHO\7[FDXVHGDVLJQLÀFDQW WR IRRGV IRU KHDUWEXUQ SUHYHQWLRQ DQG FRQÀUPV FDOFLXP increase in number of dead cells (p<0.05, n=3). When Tx carbonate’s acid-reducing properties. was administered jointly with red clover to the MCF-7 cells, WKHSHUFHQWLQFUHDVHLQGHDGFHOOVZHQWGRZQVLJQLÀFDQWO\ Poster Board No. 029 BODY COMPOSITION AND to 44% in the absence of E2, and to 22% in the presence of SLEEP PATTERNS IN AN URBAN PEDIATRIC POPULATION: E2 (p<0.05, n=3). Results showed that red clover decreased A PROSPECTIVE STUDY. Dhweeja Dasarathy, ddasarathy@ the killing effect of Tx when applied with and without E2. gmail.com. 391 East St Andrews Drive, Highland heights OH This project has shown the dangers of practicing poly- (Birchwood School). pharmacy, and the need for further awareness of cancer patients and their oncologists regarding the interactions of Childhood obesity contributes to chronic diseases and many drugs, conventional and alternative. its adverse consequences are related to fat mass while WKH QRQIDW PDVV PXVFOH ERQH LV EHQHÀFLDO ,W ZDV Poster Board No. 027 THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON hypothesized that body fat mass is better than body mass HEART RATE, MENTAL AND PHYSICAL ABILILITIES. Josie LQGH[ %0, WRGHÀQHREHVLW\&KLOGUHQZHUHSURVSHFWLYHO\ K. McDowell, [email protected], Sydney M. VWXGLHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ %0, ZKROH Michael, [email protected], 127 Moores body fat and non-fat mass, muscle strength and sleep Road, Seaman OH 45679. (North Adams High School). habits. Anthropometric measures (height, weight, midarm circumference, skinfold thickness, muscle strength) Caffeine is a stimulant that affects the brain and nervous body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis system. The purpose of this project was to determine if %,$ DQG WKH 0LFKLJDQ SHGLDWULF VOHHS TXHVWLRQQDLUH caffeine has an effect on heart rate, mental and physical that has been previously validated were used. In 49 DELOLWLHV LQ LQGLYLGXDOV DJHV WHQ WR VL[W\ÀYH 7KH FKLOGUHQ 0 ) PHDQ DJH \UV %0, ZDV hypothesis for this research study is that caffeine intake VLPLODU YV NJP2) while whole body will increase heart rate and improve mental and physical IDW PDVV YV NJ ZDV KLJKHU S abilities. Twenty participants gave consent and were LQJLUOVWKDQER\VPHDVXUHGE\DQWKURSRPHWULFVRU%,$ YHULÀHG WR KDYH FRQVXPHG QR FDIIHLQH IRU WKH SUHYLRXV $QWKURSRPHWULF DQG %,$ PHDVXUHG IDW PDVV FRUUHODWHG twelve hours. A resting heart rate was obtained and the KLJKO\ 3HDUVRQ·V FRHIÀFLHQW U2=0.38;p<0.0001) while mental (Stroop test) and physical tests were administered %0, KDG ORZHU FRUUHODWLRQ U2=0.26;p=0.04) with fat (these results were used as the control). The Stroop test PDVV &RQFRUGDQFH EHWZHHQ %0, DQG IDW PDVV GHÀQHG measures selective attention and how easily a person can obesity was low (Lin’s concordance 0.11 p<0.05).Using suppress a response such as color sighting instead of just 120th percentile of whole body fat mass, 18% of children reading the word. The physical test was measured by were obese and this predicted sleep disorders (snoring, how many times the participant could squeeze a ball in QRFWXUQDO DZDNHQLQJ EHWWHU WKDQ %0, S 0XVFOH thirty seconds. After the tests, each participant drank a area by anthropometrics, lean body mass measured by FDQRI0RXQWDLQ'HZDQGWKHQWKHSURFHVVZDVUHSHDWHG %,$DQGJULSVWUHQJWKVKRZHGKLJKFRUUHODWLRQEXWZDVQRW after ten minutes. The average heart rate before caffeine related to sleep disorders. Time for assessment per child was 69.4 beats per minute (bpm) and after caffeine was ZDVPLQ0HDVXUHPHQWRIZKROHERG\IDWPDVVLV 72.85 bpm. The average reaction time for the mental test DQREMHFWLYHDQGHIÀFLHQWPHWKRGWRGHÀQHREHVLW\KHOSV before caffeine was 30.6 seconds and that decreased to establish normal values and growth curves and is better 25.9 seconds after. The average squeezes on the physical WKDQ %0, WR VWXG\ WKH LPSDFW RI LQWHUYHQWLRQV DJDLQVW test before caffeine was 75.65 and that increased to 85.4 childhood obesity. squeezes per thirty seconds. The conclusion of this study is that the results did support the hypothesis that caffeine Poster Board No. 030 STUDYING THE EXPRESSION intake will increase heart rate and improve mental and PATTERN OF AN ACTIN BINDING PROTEIN IN THE HAIR CELL physical abilities. The researchers are planning a future BY ZEBRAFISH TRANSGENESIS. Andrew E. Megerian. 23649 study to compare the separate effects of caffeine to sugar Stanford Road, Shaker Heights, Ohio 44122. amegerian14@ on heart rate, mental and physical abilities. us.edu. Lana Pollock. [email protected]. Brian McDermott Jr. [email protected] Poster Board No. 028 HEARTBURN HELP: A SAFER WAY TO NEUTRALIZE CITRIC ACID. Gillian M. Baker, zionkows@ The senses of hearing and balance depend on hair cells ohio.edu, 1318 Wheeling Rd., Lancaster OH 43130. (William of the inner ear. Stereocilia within the hair cell convert V. Fisher Catholic High School) sound stimuli into electrical impulses that are interpreted E\WKHEUDLQ6WHUHRFLOLDDUHDFWLQÀOOHGURGVKHOGLQSODFH Antacids and proton pump inhibitors are common remedies by an actin-laced meshwork called the cuticular plate at IRU KHDUWEXUQ D V\PSWRP RI JDVWURHVRSKDJHDO UHÁX[ the apical surface of the cell; this structure is termed the GLVHDVH+HDUWEXUQLVDIHHOLQJRILQWHQVHGLVFRPIRUWWKDW hair bundle. An experiment was designed to identify key occurs as stomach acid leaks past the lower esophageal actin-shaping proteins of the hair bundle utilizing the VSKLQFWHU+RZHYHUWDEOHWDQWDFLGVDUHHIIHFWLYHRQO\DIWHU ]HEUDÀVKDanio rerioDVDQHIIHFWLYHPRGHO$FWLQ%LQGLQJ heartburn has already occurred, and the side effects of 3URWHLQ $%3 ZDVLGHQWLÀHGDVDOLNHO\FDQGLGDWH proton pump inhibitors include susceptibility to bacterial WR VKDSH WKH EXQGOH $ YHFWRU FRQWDLQLQJ $%3 F'1$ LQIHFWLRQV DQG FDOFLXP GHÀFLHQF\ 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV JUHHQÁXRUHVFHQWSURWHLQF'1$ DUHSRUWHUJHQH DQGWKH study is to identify an acid-reducing solution that can be hair cell promoter parvalbumin3b was created from the added to foods to serve as an alternative to proton pump original MT/SV/PV vector through a series of restriction inhibitors, which have serious health consequences, and digestions and ligations that imported the pEGFP- VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A31
$%3IUDJPHQWS(*)3$%3ZDVDPSOLÀHGIURPWKH ZHUHDQDO\]HG7KH&%&7VFDQVIURPEHIRUHDQGDIWHUWKH original vector by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using surgery were analyzed, as airway volume and surface area primers that add PacI and NotI restriction sites. This measurements were recorded. Results were evaluated by PCR product was incorporated into the PCR8 TOPO-TA calculating a percentage change of the three-dimensional cloning vector. The MT/SV/PV vector was then linearized volumes and two-dimensional areas of the patient’s jaw using PacI and Not,WKHQOLJDWHGZLWKWKHS(*)3$%3 OLQH %\ PRYLQJ ERWK PD[LOOD DQG PDQGLEOH IRUZDUG LQVHUW WR SURGXFH WKH ÀQDO YHFWRU 7KLV IXQFWLRQDO YHFWRU patients’ airway volumes increase by 43%, and the surface ZDVLQMHFWHGLQWR]HEUDÀVKHPEU\RVDWWKHRQHFHOOVWDJH DUHDRIWKHLUGHÀQHGSODQHLQFUHDVHGE\3DWLHQWVZKR DQG WUDQVJHQLF ÀVK ZHUH LPDJHG E\ FRQIRFDO PLFURVFRS\ moved the maxilla forward, while moving the mandible at 5-days postfertilization, after hair cells have matured, backwards, decreased both the airway volume and the WR DVVD\ WKH ORFDOL]DWLRQ SDWWHUQ RI S(*)3$%3 7KH VXUIDFHDUHDRIWKHGHÀQHGSODQHE\ YROXPHZDVIRXQG SURMHFWGHPRQVWUDWHVWKDW$%3ORFDOL]HVWRWKHFXWLFXODU to change more than the surface area values. The second SODWH 7KH ORFDOL]DWLRQ SDWWHUQ RI $%3 LQ WKH KDLU FHOO type of orthognathic surgery (maxillary advancement and ZLOOKHOSXVWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQG$%3·VSRWHQWLDOUROHLQ mandibular setback) yielded negligible changes to the the hair cell and hearing. measurements after the surgery. This research enables one to predict post-operative airway changes in patients Poster Board No. 031 COMPARISONS OF CONSULTATION that undergo an orthognathic surgery. For further study, AND ADMISSION PATTERNS IN CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDA- it would be ideal to include a larger patient pool; the lack of TION EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OBSERVATION UNIT. Victor SDUWLFLSDQWVSURYHGWREHDVLJQLÀFDQWREVWDFOH A. Mezacapa IV ([email protected]). Elaine A. Thallner, MD, MS. Karen Axelrod, MA, BS. 6652 Silvermound Drive, Poster Board No. 033 THE ROLE OF TGF-β AND DEPTOR Mentor, OH, 44060. IN BREAST CANCER METASTASIS. Christine T. Espinosa, [email protected], Jenny Parvani, [email protected], (PHUJHQF\ 'HSDUWPHQW (' 2EVHUYDWLRQ 8QLWV DUH LQ- William Schiemann, Ph.D., [email protected], tended to provide continuing care for patients who do not Case Western Reserve University, 8365 Sanctuary Drive, require inpatient admission. Observation units are useful Kirtland Hills OH, 44060. (Hathaway Brown School) to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. The Cleveland &OLQLF)RXQGDWLRQ(PHUJHQF\'HSDUWPHQWKDVDQREVHUYD- Mammary tumorigenesis converts Transforming Growth WLRQXQLWFDOOHGD&OLQLFDO'HFLVLRQ8QLW &'8 ('SK\VL- )DFWRUǃ 7*)ǃ IURP D WXPRU VXSSUHVVRU LQ QRUPDO cians consult specialty services to evaluate patients who tissue to a tumor promoter in the late stages of cancer, may need hospital admission. This study was designed to like via EMT. EMT, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, describe distribution of consultations by specialty and to is the process where epithelial cells gain mesenchymal determine compare consultations with and hospital admis- FKDUDFWHULVWLFVXSRQVWLPXODWLRQZLWK7*)ǃ([SUHVVLRQ sions by specialty services. There were two initial hypoth- RI'HSWRUWKHHQGRJHQRXVLQKLELWRURIP725LVIUHTXHQWO\ HVHV+ 5DWHRIKRVSLWDODGPLVVLRQWKURXJK&'8LVORZHU reduced in the late stages of breast cancer. The goal of WKDQDGPLVVLRQUDWHWKURXJKWKH('+ 1LQHW\SHUFHQWRI WKLVVWXG\LVWRH[DPLQHLI'HSWRUH[SUHVVLRQDOWHUV7*)ǃ &'8SDWLHQWVDUHDGPLWWHGWRVDPHVHUYLFHWKDWFRQVXOWHG IXQFWLRQ ,W LV K\SRWKHVL]HG WKDW 'HSWRU LV UHTXLUHG IRU with them. Retrospectively, &'8HQFRXQWHUVGXULQJ0D\ 7*)ǃWRDFWDVDWXPRUVXSSUHVVRUDQGWKHORVVRI'HSWRU and June of 2012 were reviewed for diagnosis and disposi- in the late stages of metastatic breast cancer coincides with WLRQ 1 6HSDUDWHO\&'8DGPLVVLRQVIURP-XQH WKHLQDELOLW\IRU7*)ǃWRDFWDVDWXPRUVXSSUHVVRU7KH 2012 through July 4, 2012 underwent detailed chart ab- mTOR complexes lead to cell survival via Akt activation straction (N=514). Electronic medical records were exam- and to cell proliferation via S6K activation. A lentiviral ined for disposition, specialist consultation, and admitting VK51$ NQRFNGRZQ V\VWHP ZDV XVHG WR UHGXFH 'HSWRU VHUYLFH'DWDZHUHDQDO\]HGWRGHWHUPLQHZKLFKVSHFLDOW\ expression levels in 4T07 and 4T1 cell lines to examine consultants performed most consultations and which re- its effects on p-S6K, p-Akt, cell growth, and cytoskeleton FHLYHG PRVW DGPLVVLRQV 2YHUDOO RI &'8 SDWLHQWV architecture. Fifteen gels along with western blots showed ZHUHDGPLWWHGWRWKHKRVSLWDO2YHURI&'8SDWLHQWV WKDW RI 'HSWRUGHÀFLHQW FHOOV KDYLQJ HOHYDWHG 6. received a consultation. About 39% of patients with con- and Akt activity. Phalloidin staining was performed and VXOWDWLRQVZHUHDGPLWWHGWRWKHKRVSLWDO+DOIRISDWLHQWV UHVXOWHG LQ 'HSWRUGHÀFLHQW FHOOV DOVR H[KLELWLQJ PRUH consulted by a service then admitted by any service went mesenchymel characteristics. These experiments show to the consulting service. Results pertinent to hypotheses: WKDWWDUJHWLQJ'HSWRULQEUHDVWFDQFHUPD\OHDGWRRYHUDOO UDWHVRIDGPLVVLRQWKURXJK&'8DUHWKHVDPHDVWKURXJK decreased tumor growth but increased invasiveness. WKH(PHUJHQF\'HSDUWPHQW DQGVHUYLFHVWKDWSHU- form both consultations and admissions only admit pa- Poster Board No. 034 A COMPARISON OF TOTAL AND tients to their service. COLIFORM BACTERIAL LEVELS OF NATURAL WATER SOURCES IN SOUTHERN BROWN COUNTY, OHIO. Wesley R. Wolf, joan@ Poster Board No. 032 QUANTIFYING VOLUMETRIC, gahosp.com, 1976 Shinkles Ridge Road, Georgetown OH, SURFACE AREA AND LINEAR AIRWAY CHANGES USING 45121 (Georgetown Jr./Sr. High School) THREE DIMENSIONAL CONE-BEAM CT BEFORE AND AFTER ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY. Humzah A. Quereshy, This experiment compared total and coliform bacterial [email protected], Jonathan Williams, [email protected], JURZWK LQ VRXWKHUQ %URZQ &RXQW\ 2KLR ZDWHU VRXUFHV Mohammed Shehab, Dale Baur, Faisal A. Quereshy, faq@ 6L[ VLWHV ZHUH VDPSOHG %XOOVNLQ &UHHN %XOOVNLQ &UHHN case.edu, (Karl Frerichs, [email protected]), 33492 Hanover Waterfall, Ohio River, Kellum Pond, White Oak Creek, Woods Trail, Solon, OH 44139. (University School) and Town Run Stream. It was hypothesized that the Ohio River would have higher levels of bacterial growth, because This research was conducted to explore the volumetric, the Ohio River runs through densely populated areas cross-sectional surface area, and linear changes using ZLWKXUEDQUXQRIIFRPELQHGVHZHUV\VWHPRYHUÁRZVDQG SUHDQGSRVWRSFRQHEHDPFRPSXWHGWRPRJUDSK\ &%&7 UXQRIIIURPXUEDQDQGDJULFXOWXUDODQLPDOZDVWH%HWZHHQ imaging in healthy patients undergoing orthognathic January 14, 2012 and February 4, 2012, each site was surgery, a surgery to shift the upper (maxilla) and lower sampled 3 times. Each source was sampled in the afternoon PDQGLEOH MDZV RI WKH SDWLHQW &%&7 HQDEOHV FOLQLFLDQV using sterile technique. The samples were diluted to a 10-1 to explore the changes in airway before and after various dilution and 0.10ml was plated using the spread plate orthognathic surgeries. Prior to beginning the project, technique. Negative controls using sterile water yielded there was one main expectation of what would result from no growth. Two blood and two MacConkey agar plates the analysis of the orthognathic surgery patients: that the were made for each sample. The plates were incubated in airway would either increase or decrease in volume. Eight a bacterial culture incubator at 37°C. Total precipitation pre and post-operative orthognathic surgery patients was tracked using the USGS web site. Using standard A-32 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 plate count technique, the CFUs were recorded at 48 hours. Staphylococcus epidermis and MRSA displayed the largest The total CFUs/ml of original sample were calculated percentage of resistance transferred, with 50% increase and graphed. Total CFUs/ml ranged from 450 to 24,300. in trial 1 and 45.5% in trial 2. The second largest was Coliform CFUs/ml ranged from 0 to 6,400. A consistently displayed by E. coli and Klebsiella with 36.4% increase KLJKHUEDFWHULDOFRQWDPLQDWHGVLWHFRXOGQRWEHLGHQWLÀHG in trial 1 and 27.3% in trial 2. The E. coli and MRSA The level of precipitation prior to sampling changed the exhibited the third largest display of resistance with 27.3% levels of bacterial contamination. The sampling after a increase transferred in both trials. The MRSA and E. coli rainfall of 2.25 inches the week prior, more than before any increased least with 18.2% in both trials. This study shows other sampling, yielded the higher average total of 8,908 that the greatest amount of resistance occurred without &)8VPO +LJKHU OHYHOV RI SUHFLSLWDWLRQ FDXVHG KLJKHU the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a need for increased levels of total bacterial contamination. antibiotic moderation. Poster Board No. 035 ARE THERE MORE Poster Board No. 037 A STUDY OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ON THE CELL PHONES THAT BELONG CONTAMINATION OF FREQUENTLY USED ITEMS AT TO STUDENTS WHO PARTICIPATE IN WINTER EXTRA- RESTAURANTS IN BROWN COUNTY, OHIO. Madison R. CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES THAN THE CELL PHONES Brown, [email protected], 7241 Oak Grove BELONGING TO THOSE STUDENTS WHO DO NOT? Mary M Rd., Georgetown OH 45121. (Georgetown High School) Martin. [email protected]. 7613 Sun Hill Drive. Wheelersburg High School. Portsmouth, Ohio, 45662. It is postulated that contaminated items in a restaurant may infect patrons who touch the items. In order to The purpose of this project was to discover if there were ascertain which commonly used restaurant items may be more contaminants on the cell phones of students who most contaminated, a study was conducted to characterize participated in winter extra-curricular activities at bacterial contamination of surfaces likely to be touched in :KHHOHUVEXUJ+LJK6FKRRO7KHK\SRWKHVLVZDVWKDWWKHUH a restaurant. It is hypothesized that the restaurant tables would be more contaminants because of the frequent use of would have the most contaminants due to the amount of cell phones among modern teens. To test this hypothesis, FRQWDFWE\FXVWRPHUV'XULQJ1RYHPEHUWKURXJK FHOOSKRQHVZHUHVZDEEHGXVLQJÀYHSHUFHQWVKHHSEORRG 'HFHPEHULQ%URZQ&RXQW\2KLRDPLFURELRORJ\ agars, sterile swabs, and sterile gloves. Each participant VXUYH\RIKLJKFRQWDFWLWHPVLQÀYHORFDOUHVWDXUDQWVZDV ÀOOHG RXW D TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHJDUGLQJ WKHLU FHOO SKRQH conducted. Using qualitative methods, tables, menus, salt usage during this process. The agars were kept in a room shakers, pepper shakers and ketchup bottles were cultured DW )DKUHQKHLW IRU VHYHQ GD\V WR DOORZ IRU JURZWK using one swab per item and a zigzag pattern on all petri 2QWKHVHYHQWKGD\WKH\ZHUHEURXJKWWR'U&DVVLW\D dishes. Twenty culture samples were incubated at 32 microbiologist at Southern Ohio Medical Center, who then GHJUHHV&HOVLXVIRUKRXUV&XOWXUHVZHUHLGHQWLÀHGE\ LGHQWLÀHG DQG FRXQWHG WKH FRQWDPLQDQWV ,Q FRQFOXVLRQ comparison to microbiology pictures from the Color Atlas there were several species of bacteria found on the cell DQG7H[WERRNRI'LDJQRVWLF0LFURELRORJ\/LSSLQFRWW7KH phones, including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, FRORQLHVLQWKHVDPSOHVZHUHLGHQWLÀHGDVStaphylococcus and Saprophytic corynebacterium. The cell phones that bacteria and mold. The salt shakers harbored the majority belonged to students who participated in boys’ basketball, of contaminants at 56.25% coverage of the petri dish. girls’ basketball, cheerleading, and swim all had more The pepper shaker harbored 28.75%. The menu harbored contaminants on their cell phones than those cell phones 20.25%. The ketchup bottle harbored 16.57%. The table belonging to students who did not participate in any extra- harbored 11.25%. The presence of bacterial contamination curricular activity. To determine this, the average amount and mold was documented on the items cultured. The of each type of contaminant was calculated in each activity salt shaker had the highest percentage of contaminants group and compared to the average contaminant found on possibly indicating they are more frequently used and/ the no-activity group. The boys’ basketball team had a sum or least frequently cleaned. The tables demonstrated the of differences of 2.54 colonies, the girls’ basketball team least contaminants likely due to the frequent cleaning of had 1.3 colonies, the cheerleading team had .4 colonies, tables. and the swim team had 5.02 colonies greater than the no- activity group. The data supported the hypothesis. Poster Board No. 038 ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF NEEM OIL AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION Brianne Kuns (kunsb@ Poster Board No. 036 THE TRANSFER OF ß-LACTAMASE findlay.edu), Chandra M. Sekar ([email protected]), Matt REISISTANCE BETWEEN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, J. Hoostal ([email protected]) College of Pharmacy, VANCOMYACIN RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE, The University of Findlay, Findlay, Ohio, 45840 ESCHERIA COLI, AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIS IN VITRO THROUGH BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATION OF $ FRQÁXHQFH RI ULVLQJ GUXJUHVLVWDQW LQIHFWLRQV DQG D ENVIRONMENTAL GENETIC MATERIAL. Alex C. Carrico, dearth of novel antibiotics have warranted greater interest [email protected], 1229 Bickel Church RD NW, in utilization of herbal medicinals as antibacterials. While Baltimore OH, 43105 (Liberty Union High School) leaves from the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) have traditionally been applied across the Indian subcontinent This study compares the transfer of ß-lactamase as antimicrobials, the mechanisms of action for the resistance between Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 43300, chemical moieties that comprise Neem leaves are poorly Vancomyacin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae 700603, understood. Neem leaf extracts were prepared by gravity Escherichia coli (E. coli) 25922, and Staphylococcus ÀOWUDWLRQRIJURXQG1HHPOHDYHVZLWKERLOLQJZDWHU epidermis 12228 using Ampicillin. While observing proper ethanol, or chloroform. After evaporation occurred, the laboratory safety techniques, combinations of the following extracts were diluted with sterile water. Then, the extracts were mixed in thioglycollate broth and subcultured were chemically characterized using high-performance RQ 0XHOOHU +LQWRQ DJDU XVLQJ .LUE\ %DXHU DVVD\ DW liquid chromatography and mass-spectrometry. Activity 6, and 9 days for transferred resistance against 10 μg assays were performed by inoculating laboratory strains Ampicillin disks: Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli in of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tube 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli in tube 2, and Escherichia coli, or clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, with Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus aureus prepared extracts of the Neem leaves. Preparations with in tube 3. Two trials were conducted with one antibiotic sterile water or vegetable oil provided negative controls. UHVLVWDQW VWUDLQ DQG RQH QRQUHVLVWDQW VWUDLQ WKH ÀUVW Growth curves were used for assessing inhibition of the without antibiotics and the second with an Ampicillin disk bacterial strains. In four replicates for each bacterium, LQPORIEURWK'LVNVZHUHDSSOLHGDIWHUVXEFXOWXULQJDQG absorbencies were measured spectrophotometrically ]RQHV RI LQKLELWLRQ ZHUH UHFRUGHG %HIRUH DQG DIWHU ]RQH upon addition of treatments and in hourly intervals at PHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHFRPSDUHGWRÀQGSHUFHQWRIUHVLVWDQFH a wavelength of 490 nm. Assay results indicated that gained. Controls in all trials displayed no resistance. The 1HHPH[WUDFWVÀOWUDWHGZLWKHWKDQROLQKLELWHGDOOEDFWHULD VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A33 organisms tested by at least 90% compared to controls. worldwide distribution primarily in temperate, but also ([WUDFWV ÀOWUDWHG ZLWK FKORURIRUP LQKLELWHG S. aureus, subtropical regions. The objectives of this study were P. aeruginosa and E. coli by 60%, 80%, and 40% (Mann- to: 1) describe and illustrate new species in the genus Whitney P-value <0.05 for each), respectively. Extracts Plagiostoma and 2) present a revised phylogeny including ÀOWUDWHGZLWKERLOLQJZDWHULQKLELWHGERWKS. aureus and all currently known species in this genus. Specimens P. aeruginosa by 40% (P-value <0.05 for each), but had ZHUHFROOHFWHGLVRODWHGLQWRSXUHFXOWXUH'1$H[WUDFWHG inconclusive results against E. coli. A trend towards molecular markers sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses inhibition of bacteria growth occurred during log phase performed. The phylogeny of Plagiostoma is revised of the growth curves had diminished by stationary phase, in this study to include two new species discovered in suggesting inhibition of bacterial cell walls by the Neem Japan. These species occur on the host plant genera extracts. Acer spp. (Sapindaceae) and Salix spp. (Salicaceae) from montane regions of Japan. Morphological descriptions Poster Board No. 039n IDENTIFICATION OF BORRELIA DQG LOOXVWUDWLRQV DUH SUHVHQWHG 6SHFLHV ZHUH GHÀQHG E\ BURGDORFERI (DOMAIN: BACTERIA; FAMILY SK\ORJHQHWLF DQDO\VHV RI '1$ VHTXHQFH GDWD IURP WKUHH SPIROCHAETACEAE) FROM BLACKLEGGED TICKS (IXODES PROHFXODUPDUNHUVLQFOXGLQJǃWXEXOLQ,76DQGWHIǂ A SCAPULARIS) USING MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR phylogeny of all known species of Plagiostoma is provided. SEQUENCES Rebecca Pollard ([email protected]), 'HVFULSWLRQRIWZRQHZVSHFLHVZLOOUDLVHWKHWRWDOQXPEHU Samantha Dzierzak ([email protected]), Justin of species in Plagiostoma to 27. Russell ([email protected]), Shelby Grillo (grillos@ findlay.edu), and Jessica Wooten ([email protected]) Poster Board No. 041 THE IMPACT OF SEPTIC SYSTEM The University of Findlay Department of Natural Sciences LEACHATE ON MICROBIAL DIVERSITY. Catherine Herman 1000 N. Main St. Findlay Ohio 45840 ([email protected]), Mason McCool (masonmccool@ gmail.com), Taylor Tweed([email protected]), (Bethany Henderson-Dean) ([email protected]), The One of the most reported arthropod-borne diseases is Lyme University of Findlay, 1000 N Main St Findlay OH 45840. disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The XVHRIVHTXHQFHGDWDKDVDOORZHGIRUWKHUDSLGLGHQWLÀFDWLRQ Surface sediment samples from two sites, pristine and of many Borrelia to the species-level. The aim of the study OHDFKLQJ VLWH LQ WKH %ODQFKDUG 5LYHU +DQFRFN &RXQW\ LVWRXVH'1$VHTXHQFHVJHQHUDWHGIURPWKH6U51$DQG Ohio, were collected between August and November ÁDJHOOLQJHQHVIRUWKHUDSLGLGHQWLÀFDWLRQRIB. burgdorferi RI 7RWDO EDFWHULDO '1$ ZDV LVRODWHG IURP VXUIDFH from potentially infected blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapu- sediments, and coliform bacteria were enumerated laris 7KHLGHQWLÀFDWLRQRIB. burgdorferi will be possible WKURXJK ELRFKHPLFDO WHFKQLTXHV )XUWKHU LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ XVLQJPROHFXODUWHFKQLTXHVDQGVSHFLÀFDOO\GHVLJQHGSULP- RIFROLIRUPVZLOOEHLGHQWLÀHGWKURXJK3&5DPSOLÀFDWLRQ ers in blacklegged ticks (I. scapularis) collected from Ohio, RI 6 ULERVRPDO '1$ DQG FORQLQJ RI WKH 3&5 SURGXFWV :LVFRQVLQ:HVW9LUJLQLDDQG1RUWK&DUROLQD7KHVSHFLÀF 7KHVHDPSOLÀHGSURGXFWVZLOOEHVHQWWRWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI objectives of this study are: 1) to identify B. burgdorferi &KLFDJR·V'1$VHTXHQFLQJIDFLOLW\'1$VHTXHQFHVZLOOEH in infected blacklegged ticks (I. scapularis); 2) generate DVVHVVHGXWLOL]LQJWKH5LERVRPDO'DWDEDVH3URMHFW 5'3 JHQHVHTXHQFHVIRU6U51$DQGÁDJHOOLQJHQHVIRUDOOB. 6HTXHQFH&ODVVLÀHUZKLFKFODVVLÀHV6ULERVRPDO'1$ burgdorferi positive I. scapularis; 3) use molecular typing sequences within general taxonomic ranks. This project to identify any additional Borrelia species discovered from will address the amount and types of coliform bacteria I. scapularis; 4) identify the phylogenetic relationships associated with improperly maintained septic systems of Borrelia species from Ohio, Wisconsin, West Virginia, compared to more pristine water sources to determine if and North Carolina; and 5) conduct statistical analyses to septic systems are altering microbial communities. assess branch support, which will allow conclusions to be made about the phylogenetic relationships among the indi- Poster Board No. 042 MRSA TRANSMISSION IN viduals in the phylogeny. Sequence data will be combined AGRICULTURAL REGIONS. Laura Bardall Piehl (bardalll@ with all available sequences from Genbank for phylogeo- findlay.edu), Kristen Meyer ([email protected]), Luis JUDSKLF DQG LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQDO\VHV 5RRWHG SK\ORJHQHWLF Velasco ([email protected]), (Bethany Henderson-Dean), trees will be generated using maximum likelihood and The University of Findlay, Findlay OH 45840. %D\HVLDQDQDO\VHV*HQHWLFUHODWLRQVKLSVZLOOEHLQIHUUHG based upon the phylogenetic hypothesis and the associated ,Q +DQFRFN &RXQW\ 2KLR DJULFXOWXUDO SUDFWLFHV KDYH statistical support for all branches using both posterior greatly impacted water ways of the Maumee water basin probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap values. WKDWÁRZLQWRDQGSROOXWHWKH*UHDW/DNHV:DWHUDQGVRLO Any branch support greater than 75% will be considered VDPSOHV ZHUH REWDLQHG IURP WKH %ODQFKDUG 5LYHU IURP strong support for that particular branch. several testing sites that are monitored by The University of Findlay and also the local watershed authorities –The Poster Board No. 040 TWO NEW SPECIES IN THE %ODQFKDUG5LYHU:DWHUVKHG3DUWQHUVKLS6DPSOHVZLOOEH HIGHLY DIVERSE FUNGAL GENUS PLAGIOSTOMA FROM tested for MRSA concentration and distribution among JAPAN (GNOMONIACEAE, DIAPORTHALES) Brandy Lawrence the sampling sites using biochemical tests and molecular ([email protected]), Tanner Walls (wallst@findlay. techniques. Molecular spa-typing and PVL testing will edu), Kellie Stupka ([email protected]), Jocelynn Miller determine if isolated strains are the same as those that ([email protected]), Luis C. Mejía ([email protected]), were isolated from agricultural livestock and equine Donald M. Walker ([email protected]), University of populations downstream from the sampling sites. Water Findlay, Dept. of Natural Sciences, 1000 N. Main St., Findlay, isolates predictably will be of the same strain designation OH 45840 of the livestock isolates.
The genus Plagiostoma *QRPRQLDFHDH 'LDSRUWKDOHV Poster Board No. 043 MICROFLUIDIC ASSEMBLY consists of leaf- and stem-inhabiting microfungi that exist OF LIPID-BASED NANOPARTICLES FOR IMPROVED ANTI- as endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes of plants from CANCER DRUG DELIVERY. B. Rashmi Borah, borah.3@ D GLYHUVH UDQJH RI IDPLOLHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH %HWXODFHDH osu.edu, The Ohio State University Center for Affordable (XSKRUELDFHDH*HUDQLDFHDH+LSSRFDVWDQDFHDH2OHDFHDH Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, 1012 Polgonaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, and Staphylaceae. Smith Lab, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus OH 43210 A previous study found tight fungus/host relationships between 11 species of Plagiostoma and the plant family 7KH ROLJRGHR[\ULERQXFOHRWLGH 2'1 PROHFXOH J KDV Salicaceae. These species share several morphological EHHQVKRZQWRGRZQUHJXODWHWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIWKH%FHOO characteristics, including expanded perithecial (fruiting O\PSKRPD %&/ DQWLDSRSWRWLFSURWHLQZKLFKDOORZVIRU body) necks and broad ellipsoidal ascospores (sexually the uncontrolled growth of cells into tumors. The ability produced spores). Species of Plagiostoma occur in a to deliver the g3139 molecule to targeted regions of the A-34 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
ERG\ FRXOG GRZQUHJXODWH WKH H[SUHVVLRQ RI WKH %&/ after heating them to varying levels. Samples for this protein, prohibiting uncontrolled growth of cells. Lipid- experiment included one liter each of mineral-based oil, based nanoparticles (LNPs) are recognized as a potential UHUHÀQHGRLODQGIXOOV\QWKHWLFRLO²DOORIWKHVDPHJUDGH drug carrier to targeted anticancer cells. In this project, (5W20). An elevated ramp and weight (812g) were used PLFURÁXLGLF K\GURG\QDPLF IRFXVLQJ 0+) ZDV XVHG WR to measure transit time, which indicted the effectiveness synthesize LNPs encapsulating g3139 molecules. Cellular RIOXEULFDWLRQ6DPSOHVRIPLQHUDOEDVHGRLOUHUHÀQHGRLO XSWDNH DELOLW\ ZDV PHDVXUHG LQ 6.+HS VXVSHQVLRQ and full synthetic oil were each heated to 90.6°C, 101.7°C, FHOOV YLD ÁRZ F\WRPHWU\ *HQH VLOHQFLQJ DELOLW\ ZDV 112.8°C, 123.9°C, and 135°C, cooled and then ramp-tested. measured using RT-PCR targeting luciferase siRNA in For the ramp test, the ramp was covered with 200ml of WKH6.+HSFHOOOLQHDQGWKH,9,6LPDJLQJV\VWHPZDV the sample to be tested, and then the weight was released used to determine the biodistribution and intensity of at the top of the ramp and timed until it reached the ÁXRUHVFHQWO\ODEHOHG/13VUDQJLQJIURPQPWRQP ERWWRP7KHWHVWZDVUHSHDWHGÀYHWLPHVIRUHDFKVDPSOH LQ 093 WXPRUEHDULQJ PXULQH PRGHOV '\QDPLF The hypothesis was that the mineral-based oil would OLJKW VFDWWHULQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW 0+) SHUIRUPHTXDOO\DVZHOODVWKHUHUHÀQHGRLODQGWKDWWKH could synthesize LNPs effective diameters ranging from full synthetic oil would outperform the mineral-based oil 90nm to 400nm, compared to the range of 70nm to 90nm DQGWKHUHUHÀQHGRLO$YHUDJHGWHVWUHVXOWVZHUH PLQHUDO when prepared manually via traditional bulk mixing. The EDVHGRLOVHFRQGVUHUHÀQHGRLO VHFRQGVDQG relative expression of the luciferase protein was reduced synthetic oil 1.028 seconds. The hypothesis was supported to 0.4-0.6 for all LNPs synthesized. Confocal microscopy by the data. This study indicates that when oxidized, re- LPDJHV VKRZHG WKDW ÁXRUHVFHQWO\ODEHOHG /13V ODUJHU UHÀQHGRLOSHUIRUPHGDERXWWKHVDPHDVPLQHUDOEDVHGRLO WKDQQPKDGDKLJKHUÁXRUHVFHQFHLQWHQVLW\LQPXULQH but that the synthetic oil outperformed them both. WXPRU PRGHOV DQG DOVR VKRZHG WKH KLJKHVW ÁXRUHVFHQFH intensity concentrations in the tumor xenograft and the Poster Board No. 046 LIQUID CRYSTAL MOLECULAR FHOOVRIWKHOLYHU7KHVHÀQGLQJVGHPRQVWUDWHWKDW0+)LVD PRETILT INFLUENCES FINAL ANCHORING ORIENTATION AT promising method to produce a drug carrier that improves A SMECTIC A LIQUID CRYSTAL TRANSISTION. Joyce Guo, the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. [email protected], 23814 Edgehill Dr., Beachwood OH 44122. (Hathaway Brown School) Poster Board No. 044 A NEUROANATOMICAL ANAYLSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGE ON THE OLFACTORY Liquid crystals unique properties make them indispensable CORTEX IN MICE. Katherine Ma, [email protected], in the technological world, and learning about their 19600 North Park Boulevard Shaker Heights, Ohio 44122. orientation to surfaces could greatly expand their use in (Hathaway Brown School) Daniel W. Wesson, dww53@case. displays. These molecules orient themselves on a surface edu , Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve VXFKWKDWWKH\KDYHDGRPLQDQWD[LVRIRULHQWDWLRQLGHQWLÀHG University E\DFRHIÀFLHQWW. When the liquid crystal molecules are then cooled from the orientationally-ordered nematic phase Smell perception, or olfaction, often becomes impaired to a phase with positional order, the smectic-A phase, with aging. The reasons for olfactory dysfunction in aging the molecules arrange themselves into layers. Using the are not well understood. One possible underlying neural polyimide SE1211, a liquid crystal cell was created with mechanism behind olfactory dysfunction is an alteration ÀYHUHJLRQVRIGLIIHUHQWPROHFXODUSUHWLOWDQJOHV to nervous centers responsible for olfactory perception. 30°, 20°, and 15°) in the nematic phase. The cell was then The olfactory cortex is comprised of several anatomically observed cooling into the smectic-A phase from 36.47°C distinct structures, each considered critical for olfactory to 30.18°C. After three trials, it was found that the two perception. It was hypothesized that the volume of the regions with the highest pretilt-angles, 55° and 43°, also piriform cortex and olfactory tubercle, two major olfactory KDG WKH ZHDNHVW DQFKRULQJ FRHIÀFLHQW W. These showed cortices, would change with age. To test this, the volume an average increase of 15° in tilt angle when cooled into of the olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex from 25 the smectic phase; the middle pretilt-region of 30° stayed male bl6 mice (Mus musculus) ranging in age from 4-18 relatively stable with a 10° increase in tilt angle; and the PRQWKV MXYHQLOH WR HDUO\ DJLQJ ZHUH DQDO\]HG %UDLQV smallest pretilt-regions of 20° and 15° had a small increase were sectioned into 20μm thick sections using a microtome of 3° in tilt angle. This study found that the forces involved and stained with cresyl violet to identify cell bodies. Next, in this nematic to smectic-A phase transition affects the digital images were taken of all sections containing the ÀQDODQFKRULQJRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHPROHFXOHV WKHPROHFXOHV piriform cortex and/or olfactory tubercle, for analysis in PD\HLWKHULQFUHDVHRUGHFUHDVHWKHLUSUHWLOWDQJOHljZLWKLQ 1,+,PDJH-VRIWZDUHZLWKWKH9ROXPHVWSOXJLQ5HJLRQV the smectic planes. were manually outlined to include cell layers I, II, and III and provide total volume estimates. In contrast to the K\SRWKHVLV WKHUH ZHUH QR VLJQLÀFDQW FKDQJHV IRXQG LQ Poster Board No. 047 TRANSITION POINTS OF CON- piriform cortex or olfactory tubercle estimated volume (p VENTIONAL AIROILS. Matthew P. Jensen. jensenmp@alterhs. > 0.05, 2-tailed t-test, 4mo mice vs. 18mo mice). Indeed, org, 1999 Woodson Ct, Dayton OH 45459. (Alter High School) across both structures there was no greater than an 11% change in estimated volume throughout aging. These The purpose of this experiment was to obtain knowledge of results agree with existing literature and suggest that transition points, the spot on an airfoil where the laminar some aspects of the olfactory system circuitry are stable ÁRZ WXUQV LQWR WXUEXOHQW ÁRZ DQG KRZ DLU ÁRZV RYHU throughout aging. airfoils. The objective was to test six airfoils and determine which has transition points furthest from the leading edge. Poster Board No. 045 THE EFFECTS OF A SIMPLE The purpose of this experiment was to determine which OIL CHANGE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND THE airfoils is the most aerodynamic by using transition points. ENVIRONMENT. Anna K. Mayo, [email protected], 309 Testing the airfoils can show which reduces drag the most. Township Road 1135, Proctorville OH 45669. (Chesapeake A small wind tunnel was constructed; a base was attached HS) to each basswood airfoil. The airfoil was placed into the tunnel, and the suction fan was turned on; smoke was 5HVHDUFKKDVGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWUHUHÀQHGRLOLVHTXLYDOHQW blown into the tunnel. The smoke machine was shut off, to mineral-based oil – it passes all standard tests and and after three seconds a picture was taken; each airfoil outperforms mineral-based oil. It takes less energy to re- was tested ten times. The hypothesis was that airfoils are UHÀQHPRWRURLOWKDQWRSURGXFHLWIURPFUXGH6\QWKHWLF tested in a small wind tunnel then the thinnest airfoil will motor oil is made from synthetically produced molecules have transition points furthest from the leading edge. The that are uniform in size. The purpose of this study was thinnest airfoil had a transition point of 8.16 cm from the to test the lubricating performance of various oils (n=3; leading edge on the upper surface, but it had a transition PLQHUDOEDVHGRLOUHUHÀQHGRLODQGDIXOO\V\QWKHWLFRLO point of 6.13 cm on the lower surface. The best, having VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A35 transition points furthest from the leading edge, airfoil produced 50%, 72%, 88% and 82% crabgrass control at 5, had transition points of 7.26 cm on the upper surface and 10, 15 and 20 sec, respectively. The 650 W produced 0, 7, 7.48 cm on the lower surface. Another airfoil had transition 30 and 44% control at 5, 10, 15 and 20 sec, respectively. points of 7.49 cm on the upper surface and 5.83 on the lower The 600 W produced up to 57% control 5 cm away at 10 surface, and another had transition points of 6.09 on the VHFDQGFRQWURODWFPDWVHF'LUHFWHGHQHUJ\ upper surface and 6.46 cm on the lower surface. The worst, especially combinations of IR and UV, appears to control having transition points closest to the leading edge, airfoil crabgrass growth and may form a chemical free approach had transition points at 4.6 cm on the upper surface and to integrated pest management. 4.57 cm on the lower surface. The second worst airfoil had transition points of 6.46 cm on the upper surface and 4.91 Poster Board No. 050 CREATION OF A THERMALLY cm on the lower surface. Results were collected by using RESPONSIVE PEGMA FILM. Dhikshitha N. Balaji dbalaji14@ a ruler and the researcher’s eye; transition points were hb.edu 175 East Orange Hill Circle, Orange, Oh 44022; marked on photos that were printed out. The hypothesis Amanda Way, Stuart Rowan, Case Western Department of was partially supported, but the airfoil that performed the Macromolecular Science and Engineering (Hathaway Brown) best had better average transition points. This happened because it resembles a rain drop which is aerodynamic. Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylates (PEGMA) are an unusual class of polymers that exhibit Poster Board No. 048 DETECTING STRONG COUPLING a lower critical solution temperatures (LCST). That is IN LOW-Q CAVITIES. Riya Jagetia, [email protected], below the LCST, the polymer is soluble in water, while Brent Valle, Kenneth Singer, 7518 Stockwood Drive Solon OH above the LCST the polymer expels the water and becomes 44139 (Hathaway Brown), Case Western Reserve University insoluble. PEGMAs are typically viscous polymers without good mechanical properties. The objective of this project The fundamental interaction between matter and is to enhance the mechanical properties of the PEGMAs absorbing medium inside an optical cavity is of interest in order to utilize the LCST property to allow access to HVSHFLDOO\ ZLWKLQ WKH ÀHOG RI SKRWRYROWDLFV ZKHUH WKHUPDOO\UHVSRQVLYH PHFKDQLFDOO\ UREXVW ÀOPV 7KHVH optimized capture of solar energy is desired. An important WKHUPDOO\ UHVSRQVLYH ÀOPV FRXOG XOWLPDWHO\ EH XVHG LQ improvement to solar cell designs is to extend the captured drug delivery applications or as a coating on a surface to solar spectrum. One method to modify the absorbance of KHOS H[SHO ZDWHU %\ DWWDFKLQJ D ELV EHQ]LPLGD]RO\O a material is to surround it with an optical cavity using S\ULGLQH %LS OLJDQG XQLW WR WKH HQGV RI 3(*0$ DQG resonances within the cavity to enhance absorption. XWLOL]LQJ %LS OLJDQGPHWDO LQWHUDFWLRQV D ÀOP VKRXOG ,Q ODUJH UHÁHFWDQFH DOVR NQRZQ DV KLJK4 FDYLWLHV LI be produced on account of phase separation of the ”soft” interaction between cavity and material is strong enough, 3(0*$ DQG ´KDUGµ %LS FRPSOH[HV 3(*0$ SRO\PHUV the absorption spectrum can be split in two, a condition were made via Radical Addition Fragmentation Chain known as strong coupling. Even in a weak, or low-Q, cavity, Transfer (RAFT) polymerization, a controlled free RQHZLWKORZUHÁHFWLYHPLUURUVVWURQJFRXSOLQJFDQRFFXU radical polymerization that regulates the growth of the given a material with very strong oscillator strength and polymer and controls the resulting molecular weight and matched absorption and cavity bandwidths. This regime polydispersity (an indication of the polymers molecular was investigated using optical transfer matrix calculations weight distribution) . Three different PEGMA polymers and spectral absorption experiments of high-oscillator were prepared with targeted molecular weights of 2,000 g/ strength materials in weak optical cavities. Absorption mol, 4,000 g/mol, and 8,000 g/mol. The molecular weights measurements were made of 18 cavities fabricated from ZHUHFRQÀUPHGYLD*HO3HUPHDWLRQ&KURPDWRJUDSK\7KH '&'+)9 GLF\DQRPHWK\OHQHGLK\GURIXUDQ RIWKLFNQHVV %LSOLJDQGZDVOLQNHGWRWKHSRO\PHUWKURXJKDWKLROHQH (37, 59, and 75 nm) deposited by spin-coating. Surrounding UHDFWLRQDQGWKHVWUXFWXUHZDVFRQÀUPHGYLD+1XFOHDU this layer were Al layers deposited by thermal evaporation Magnetic Resonance and a UV-vis titration (a color change (200 nm on rear surface, 5 and 15 nm on front). In the WKDWGHWHUPLQHVKRZPDQ\%LS·VKDYHFDSSHGWKHSRO\PHU 9 samples with thin Al front layers (Q=10), absorption chains). Upon the addition of a transition metal ion, PDWFKHGWKDWRI'&'+)9,QWKH VDPSOHVZLWKWKLFNHU such as Zinc(II), it was found that thermally-responsive Al front layers (Q=25), absorption split into two peaks, 3(*0$ ÀOPV FDQ EH IRUPHG 7KH PHFKDQLFDO SURSHUWLHV at wavelengths of 425 nm and 680 nm. Optical transfer RIWKHVHÀOPVZHUHLQYHVWLJDWHGYLD'\QDPLF0HFKDQLFDO matrix calculations showed a corresponding splitting. This Analysis, a technique that applies a sinusoidal stress to a evidence for strong coupling in weak cavities opens new ÀOPDQGPHDVXUHVWKHVWUDLQDOORZLQJWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQ design possibilities for photovoltaic devices and helps to of the material’s modulus. elucidate the interaction of matter in optical cavities. Poster Board No. 051 DOSE RESPONSE OF DEPC Poster Board No. 049 DIRECTED ENERGY CRABGRASS LABELING OF ANGIOTENSIN I. Nicole G. Chesnokov, WEED CONTROL Nik-Cole Bates nikcolebates@yahoo. [email protected], Sara E. Tomechko, sew65@case. com , Cadance Lowell [email protected] , Jon edu, Janna Kiselar, [email protected], Mark R. Chance, Jackson (Global Neighbor, Inc.) [email protected] [email protected], 1144 Elmwood Rd., Mayfield Heights Department of Natural Sciences, Central State University, OH 44124. (Hathaway Brown School), Center for Proteomics 1400 Brush Row Rd, PO Box 1004, Wilberforce OH 45384. and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University.
There is no quick and cost-effective, environmentally 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVZRUNZDVWRHIÀFLHQWO\ODEHODSURWHLQ friendly plant control method currently available compared DQGWKHUHIRUHUHFRJQL]HWKHVSHFLÀFVLWH·V'VWUXFWXUHLQ to chemical control. Yet chemical weed control may cause RUGHUWRGHVLJQDQDSSURSULDWHGUXJ'LHWK\OS\URFDUERQDWH ZHHGUHVLVWDQFHDQGQRQSRLQWVRXUFHSROOXWLRQ'LUHFWHG '(3& ZDVVWXGLHGDVDODEHOLQJUHDJHQWIRUWKHDQDO\VLV light may control weeds without environmental hazard. RI SURWHLQ VWUXFWXUH '(3& LV NQRZQ WR UHDFW ZLWK Crabgrass (Digitaria cilaris L. ‘Red River’) seeds were +LVWLGLQH DPLQR DFLG WDJ UHVLGXHV EXW LW KDV DOVR EHHQ planted in plastic containers (5.9 cm L x 3.9 cm W x 5.9 shown to react with the amino acid tag residues Lysine, FP' DQGJURZQIRUZHHNVZLWKDWOHDVWVHHGOLQJV Tyrosine, Cysteine, Serine, and Threonine. The goal was container, 6 containers/treatment. Crabgrass was cut WR VWXG\ WKH NLQHWLFV RI '(3& ODEHOLQJ UHDFWLRQV DQG WR to a height of 5 cm prior to treatment. A 650W IR bulb GHWHUPLQHWKHODEHOLQJHIÀFLHQF\RI'(3&RQ$QJLRWHQVLQ (IR) was placed 5 cm away from soil surface for 5, 10, 15 ,,WZDVK\SRWKHVL]HGWKDWVDPSOHV 1 RI'(3& or 20 sec. Plant damage was determined after 14 days ZRXOGODEHO67<+.DQG&UHVLGXHVDVVXPLQJWKH\ZHUH E\ YLVXDO LQVSHFWLRQ %URZQHG OHDYHV ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG solvent accessible. Samples (N=20) were prepared with controlled if there was no re-greening. The experiment was XJ RI $QJLRWHQVLQ , DQG WKHQ UHDFWHG ZLWK ; '(3& repeated with a 600 W halogen bulb (IR+UV). The 600 W (molar excess) through incubation in the 37°C water bath. halogen bulb also was used to treat plants 5 cm away for Samples were quenched at 15, 30, 60, 90 seconds and, 2 and 10 sec or 10 cm away for 20 sec. The 650 W light source 3-minute intervals with 10mM imidazole. Samples were A-36 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
WKHQUXQRQD0$/',7LPHRI)OLJKWPDVVVSHFWURPHWHU &%$ RIWKHVXEMHFWVKDGWKHPLGIDFHXSSHUIDFH to gather data on whether or not the Angiotensin was and lower face being most prominent to least prominent labeled. 100% of the samples (N=20) were labeled with UHVSHFWLYHO\ %$& 7KUHH GLIIHUHQW SHUVRQDOLWLHV ZHUH 67<+. DQG & UHVLGXHV LI WKH\ ZHUH VROYHQW DFFHVVLEOH found. 60% of the subjects had a balanced personality. indicating that the hypothesis was proven. Additionally, it 23% of the subjects had an assertive personality. 17% of was discovered that the reaction underwent burst kinetics, the subjects had a shy personality. 78% of subjects with a form of enzymatic kinetics referring to the initial high WKH IDFLDO SURÀOH &%$ KDG DQ DVVHUWLYH SHUVRQDOLW\ velocity of enzymatic turnover when an enzyme is added to RIVXEMHFWVZLWKIDFLDOSURÀOH%$&KDGDVK\SHUVRQDOLW\ DVXEVWUDWHLQGLFDWLQJWKHKLJKO\UHDFWLYHQDWXUHRI'(3& RIVXEMHFWVZLWKWKHIDFLDOSURÀOH%&$KDGDEDODQFHG :LWKLQWKHÀUVWVHFRQGVWKHUHDFWLRQVKRZHGODEHO personality. These data show that there is a relationship LQFRUSRUDWLRQ:KHQWKH'(3&UHDFWHGLWGHJUDGHGVHHQ between facial proportions and personalities. Certain with the loss of ethyl (29 m/z). Traditionally, a protein is IDFLDOSURÀOHVDUHPRUHOLNHO\WREHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKFHUWDLQ dosed by adjusting the exposure either in terms of reaction personality types. WLPH RU DPRXQW RI ODEHO WDJ 6LQFH '(3& LV VR KLJKO\ reactive, the only way to alter the dose is to adjust the Poster Board No. 054 MONITORING HEAT SHOCK DPRXQW RI ODEHO WDJ 7KHVH ÀQGLQJV LQGLFDWH WKDW IXWXUH PROTEIN 70 IN HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1-INFECTED ZRUNVKRXOGLQFOXGHORFDOL]LQJWKHVLWHRIPRGLÀFDWLRQE\ CELLS. Darlene G. Walro, [email protected], Estelle LC-MS/MS analysis, allowing for the pinpointing of the Byelene, [email protected], matthewfinneran, VLWHVRIPRGLÀFDWLRQLQ$QJLRWHQVLQ, [email protected],Walsh University, Dept. of Biology, 2020 East Maple St. North Canton OH 44720. Poster Board No. 052 A FACE IN THE CROWD: ATTRAC- TIVENESS, MEMORY, AND GENDER STEREOTYPES Willa G +HDW VKRFN SURWHLQV +63 DUH SURWHLQV LQYROYHG LQ WKH Kerkhoff 501 East High Street, Mount Vernon, OH, 43050 wil- folding and unfolding of other proteins and are highly [email protected] (Mount Vernon High School) expressed when cells are exposed to elevated temperatures or stress such as virus infection. The purpose of this 6WHUHRW\SHV RIWHQ LQÁXHQFH KXPDQ PHPRU\ 8VLQJ DQ study was to compare the effect of herpes simplex virus Internet survey, it was investigated whether or not the sex type 1 infection on the production of heat shock protein and attractiveness of faces affected the use of stereotypes in +63 IROORZLQJ LQIHFWLRQ RI SULPDU\ FXOWXUHV RI PHPRU\5HVSRQGHQWV 1 ÀUVWUDWHGWKHDWWUDFWLYHQHVV FKLFN HPEU\R ÀEUREODVWV &() DQG WKH 9HUR FHOO OLQH of 16 faces. Afterward, they were shown images of one of the ,PPXQRÁXRUHVFHQFH ,) ZDVXVHGWRGHWHFW+63LQFHOOV faces coupled with a name and a statement of two activities following treatments with heat shock and/or virus infection the pictured person enjoys, one gender stereotypical and at a multiplicity of 10 infectious virus particles per cell. one non-stereotypical. Respondents were then asked +63ZDVGHWHFWHGLQOHVVWKDQÀYHSHUFHQWRIXQLQIHFWHG to remember the name (recognition) and the activities VXEFRQÁXHQW&()DQG9HURFHOOVWKDWZHUHPDLQWDLQHGDW (recall). Respondents better remembered both the names &+RZHYHU+63ZDVGHWHFWHGE\,)LQSHUFHQWRI and activities of more attractive subjects, regardless of the uninfected CEF and Vero cells when heat-shocked at whether they were of the same or opposite sex. Subjects &IRUPLQXWHV+63ZDVGHWHFWHGLQOHVVWKDQÀYH rated Very Attractive were recognized 80% of the time, percent of CEF cells subjected to virus infection alone but compared to 54% for Very Unattractive subjects. If only +63ZDVGHWHFWHGLQSHUFHQWRI&()·VWKDWZHUHERWK one of the two activities was recalled correctly, respondents KHDWVKRFNHGDQGYLUXVLQIHFWHG+63ZDVGHWHFWHGLQ tended to recall the non-stereotypical activities, especially SHUFHQWRILQIHFWHG9HURFHOOVZKHUHDV+63ZDVGHWHFWHG when the subject was of the opposite sex (>60%). In in 90 percent of Vero cells that were both heat-shocked and contrast, more than 60% of incorrect responses described infected with virus. These results demonstrate that heat gender stereotypical activities, showing the importance VKRFNVWLPXODWHGWKHSURGXFWLRQRI+63GHWHFWDEOHE\ of stereotypes in cases of uncertainty. Moreover, those IF in both CEF and Vero cells but suggest that the heat incorrect respondents tended to give gender stereotypical shock response to virus infection may be different in CEF’s answers only for unattractive subjects. For attractive compared to Vero cells. subjects, incorrect stereotypical responses decreased below 45%. Thus, the fact that memory recall is greater for Poster Board No. 055 LEVELS OF INORGANIC CHEMI- attractive individuals might also make other people less CALS IN DRINKING WATER. Halle A. Miller, millerbdhc@aol. likely to stereotype them. Additionally, the results of this com, 13684 Janell Drive, Columbia Station, OH 44028 (Co- study suggest that people are known individually and that lumbia High School) social interaction relies heavily on the use of stereotypes. Understanding how these stereotypes apply will help in The goal was to determine how time of day affects levels of overcoming them and assist with recognizing others as inorganic chemicals in drinking water. The hypothesis was individuals rather than simply as representatives of larger that if water from morning and afternoon samples were groups. tested, there would be higher chemical levels in morning samples because stagnant water overnight in pipes Poster Board No. 053 DOES YOUR FACE REVEAL YOUR FRUURGHVWKHOLQLQJ7KHUHIRUHWKHÀUVWVDPSOHVLQWKH PERSONALITY? Nour G. Yacoub, [email protected], 441 morning would contain loosened particles in measurable Timberlea Trail, Kettering OH 45429. (Alter High School.) quantities. Four samples were collected from ten different high school sinks. Sinks were used rather than drinking The purpose of this study was to see if there is a IRXQWDLQVWRDYRLGYDULDEOHVRIÀOWHUPRGHOV7RWHVWÁXRULGH relationship between facial proportions and personalities, four samples were also collected from one school in both and if subjects with similar personalities have similar face municipalities. Lead and copper samples were tested using proportion measurements. Pictures of 31 subjects’ faces the graphite furnace of an atomic-absorption spectrometer. were taken. Each subject was also given a standardized )OXRULGHVDPSOHVZHUHWHVWHGXVLQJDÁXRULGHHOHFWURGH personality test. Records were taken of the personalities, %ODQNDQGVWDQGDUGVDPSOHVZHUHUXQWRUHFDOLEUDWHWKH from the test, and records were taken of the facial PDFKLQHEHWZHHQVDPSOHV)RUWKHÁXRULGHVDPSOHVDVWRFN measurements, from the pictures. Each subject was placed solution was created to add to the seven standards and the in a group based on personality and facial measurements. eight collected samples. All dilutions were measured using )DFLDO SURÀOHV ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG EDVHG RQ ZKLFK VHFWLRQ RI the equation C1V1=C2V2, where C=concentration and the face is more prominent: lower, mid, or upper. Three V=volume. The electrode was set to a stir setting of 5 with GLIIHUHQW IDFLDO SURÀOHV ZHUH IRXQG RI WKH VXEMHFWV a calibration time of 3 minutes. In the morning the average had the mid face, lower face, and upper face being most lead reading was 0.37 ppb and the afternoon average was SURPLQHQWWROHDVWSURPLQHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\ %&$ RI 0.28 ppb. In the morning the average copper reading was the subjects had the lower face, mid face, and upper face 59.7 ppb and the afternoon average was 55.0 ppb. In the being most prominent to least prominent respectively PRUQLQJ WKH DYHUDJH ÁXRULGH UHDGLQJ ZDV P9 DQG VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A37 the afternoon average was 125.2 mV. This supported the How to get to The University of Findlay hypothesis, showing that the samples collected in the morning had higher inorganic chemical concentrations than the afternoon samples. From Toledo, Michigan, Canada (Approximately 1 hour from Toledo) Poster Board No. 056 DOES SECOND HAND SMOKE I-75 South to Findlay, Exit 159 AFFECT THE GROWTH AND PUPAE OF THE EMERGING Left (east) on US 224 (toward McDonald's) BUTTERFLY. Marquette R. Gasser, apenglishgasser@aol. com, 6557 Chestnut Ridge Road, Hubbard OH 44425 and Right on N. Main St. Katherine Wallroff, [email protected]. (Hubbard High UF is located on the right (approximately School) one-half mile) The experiment tests the development of larval samples exposed to varying amounts of second hand smoke, as From Cleveland, Northern Pennsylvania, New York compared to the control group. The hypothesis states that (Approximately 2.5 hours from Cleveland) the sample exposed to the least amount of smoke will grow Ohio Turnpike West to Toledo, Exit/Mile larger and develop fully. Materials used were 5 samples marker 64 (formerly known as Exit 4A) pavilions, food, cigarettes, trash bags, notebook, camera, I-75 South to Findlay, Exit 159 water and 50 ml syringe. The controls were the size, type and age of the original caterpillars from the breeder, Left (east) on US 224 (toward McDonald's) all larva were taken from the same gestational batch; Right on N. Main St. the specimen experienced the same type and amount UF is located on the right (approximately of food and environment. A trash bag was used to cover one-half mile) the pavilion each time the smoke was introduced. The independent variable was manipulated by blowing smoke in a 50 ml syringe 4 times per dose, for a total of 200 ml of From Akron, Youngstown, Pennsylvania smoke per dose/cigarette. The results were that 100% of the (Approximately 2.5 hours from Akron) specimens went into the chrysalis stage, 100% emerged US 224 West into Findlay from the control group and lived, compared to 65% of the Right (north) on N. Main St. smoke infused group. Group 1/least smoke produced the EXWWHUÁ\ PRVW VLPLODU WR WKH FRQWURO JURXS 6SHFLPHQV UF is located on the left side of the street (ap- from groups 3 and 4 mutated and did not survive more proximately one mile) WKDQ D GD\ %DVHG RQ WKH UHVXOWV WKH K\SRWKHVLV VKRXOG be accepted. Future considerations include a narrower From Columbus, Southern Pennsylvania, West Vir- range in temperature and increase number of samples and specimens that may produce greater variance in the stages ginia of growth and development. (Approximately 2 hours from Columbus) US 23 North to SR 15 West (to Toledo) Poster Board No. 057 MUSSEL COMMUNITY CHANGE SR 15 West to I-75 North IN LOWER BIG WALNUT CREEK. Michael D. Grumney, I-75 North to Findlay, Exit 159 Right (east) on [email protected], and Michael A. Hoggarth [email protected], Otterbein University, Dept. of US 224 (toward McDonald's) Biology and Earth Science, Westerville OH 43081. Right on N. Main St. UF is located on the right (approximately %LJ :DOQXW &UHHN LQ FHQWUDO 2KLR RQFH VXSSRUWHG D one-half mile) mussel fauna of 38 species, but no systematic study of the mussel fauna of the creek has been done. The objective of the current study was to determine the distribution and From Dayton, Cincinnati, Kentucky DEXQGDQFH RI PXVVHOV LQ %LJ :DOQXW &UHHN GRZQVWUHDP (Approximately 3.5 hours from Cincinnati) RI+RRYHU'DP 50 WRLWVPRXWKDWWKH6FLRWR5LYHU I-75 North to Findlay, Exit 159 The extant (living and freshly dead shells) and total (extant Right (east) on US 224 (toward McDonald's) plus weathered and subfossil shells) mussel communities were determined at 21 sites. Two techniques were used Right on N. Main St. to determine the mussel community at each site: timed UF is located on the right (approximately searches and transect/quadrat sampling. Shannon-Weiner one-half mile) +· YDOXHV -DFFDUG &RHIÀFLHQW RI VLPLODULW\ YDOXHV DQG percent extant species were calculated for the mussel communities at each location. Student T-Tests were used From Fort Wayne, Ind. WR GHWHUPLQH ZKHUH D VLJQLÀFDQW FKDQJH LQ FRPPXQLW\ (Approximately 2 hours from Fort Wayne) VWUXFWXUHRFFXUUHG7KHPXVVHOFRPPXQLWLHVIURP+RRYHU SR 30 East to US 224 East (Ohio) into Findlay 'DPWR:KLWHKDOO 50 FKDQJHGYHU\OLWWOH -DFFDUG Right on N. Main St. &RHIÀFLHQW DQGSHUFHQWH[WDQW +·YDOXHVIRU UF is located on the right (approximately WKLVUHDFKZHUHQRWVLJQLÀFDQWO\GLIIHUHQWZKHQFRPSDULQJ the total and extant communities (t = 1.08, p > 0.05). one-half mile) +RZHYHUWKHFRPPXQLWLHVIURP50WR50 MXVW downstream of Three Creeks Metropark) had fewer extant From Northern Indiana, Chicago VSHFLHV -DFFDUG &RHIÀFLHQW DQG SHUFHQW H[WDQW YDOXHV (Approximately 5 hours from Chicago) RI DQG DQG VLJQLÀFDQWO\ GLPLQLVKHG VSHFLHV GLYHUVLW\ W S 'LPLQLVKHGVSHFLHVGLYHUVLW\ Indiana Toll Road (I-80, I-90 East) to Ohio continued to be expressed downstream (t = 2.48, p < 0.05), Turnpike ZLWKVRPHUHFRYHU\ -DFFDUG&RHIÀFLHQWYDOXHRIDQG East to I-75 South at Toledo I-75 South to percent extant value of 42%) as a result of movement of Findlay, Exit 159 mussels from the Scioto River. Left (east) on US 224 (toward McDonald's) Right on N. Main St. UF is located on the right (approximately one-half mile) A-38 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
Trenton Avenue
West Foulke Avenue North Main Street E. Foulke Ave.
Swing Avenue
Swing Avenue Allen Avenue Parking
Registration & Sessions Midland Ave. Davis Street
Parking Garfield Ave.
College Street George Street
Frazer Street (NOTE: One-way signs)
Laquineo St.
Howard Street North Main Street Larkins St. N n
Downtown Findlay Downtown n Defiance Avenue
SEE ABOVE 300 Davis Street Findlay OH 45840 The University of Findlay VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A39
Index to First Authors Kenny, Kaleigh Margaret, 19 Taylor, Michael Christopher, 06-07 Kerkhoff, Willa, 36 Trahan, Kristopher, 09 Alkhalili, Samer, 29-30 Kerner, Christina M, 12 Trumbo, Jennifer, 28 Alkhalili, Osama, 24-25 Kesav, Natasha, 17 Walro, Darlene G, 36 Amiot, Caitlin Jane, 27 Kim, Jane, 22 Weidner, Kelsey Tayla Ray, 07 Baker, Gillian, 30 Kleilein, Luke Evan, 11 Wolf, Wesley, 31-32 Balaji, Dhikshitha, 35 Kneubehl, Alexander, 07 Yacoub, Nour, 36 Bartle, Jesse, 11-12 Krolik, Eric, 15-16 Young, Curtis E, 18 Bates, Nik-Cole Marie, 35 Kumar, Aarti, 29 Zappitelli, Lucille Elizabeth, 21-22 Beavers, Beverly, 23 Kumar, Aman, 24 Bedel, Elijah Bird, 25 Kuns, Brianne, 32-33 Beres, Zachery Tyler, 28-29 Ladrach, Katie, 11 Index to Fields of Interest Biedenharn, Kelly Renee, 12-13 Lang, Danielle Elizabeth, 29 of Abstracts Bitting, Anna Laureen, 17 Lawrence, Brandy Renee, 33 Blank, Chelsea, 20 Li, Grace, 19 Agriculture, 08 Borah, Bornali Rashmi, 33-34 Long, Danielle Marie, 14 Anatomy, 11 Brooks, Mica Lynn, 24 Long, Julie M, 22-23 Animal Science, 11 Brown, Madison R, 32 Longfellow, Matthew J, 22 Aquatic Ecology, 06-07, 11-12 Cahall, Ryan Robert, 14 Lowers, Melanie, 20 Behavior, 09, 12-13 Calo, Annamarie C, 18 Lund, Carolyn, 26 Biochemistry, 13-14 Carrico, Alexander Curtis, 32 Ma, Katherine, 34 Biology, 09, 14-17 Carrigan, Mary, 20 Mahoney, Mary, 08 Biology - Molecular, 17-18 Carroll, Chad, 06 Marcum, Sheri Lynn, 13 Biology/Limnology, 10 Chaffin, Justin David, 06 Martin, Mary Marlene, 32 Biology/Mycology, 18 Chesnokov, Nicole, 35-36 Mayo, Anna Kathryn, 34 Biomedical Engineering, 18 Cmar, Joshua M, 08 McDowell, Josie Kay, 30 Botany, 18-19 Colopy, Michelle L, 21 Megerian, Andrew, 30-31 Cancer, 19 Conti, David Charles, 17 Merry, Andrea Danielle, 13 Cell and Molecular, 19 Cortelezzi, Nicole Constance, 23-24 Mezacapa, Victor A, 31 Cell Biology, 19-20 Cox, Bethany Grace, 18-19 Miller, Caitlyn A, 13 Chemical Engineering, 08 Criscione, Lisa, 22 Miller, Halle A, 36-37 Chemistry, 20-22 Dasarathy, Dhweeja, 30 Miller, Adam, 12 Civil Engineering, 22 DeColibus, Dawn Teresa, 06 Min, Susie, 29 Consumer Products, 22 Denham, Scott Tracy, 07 Mobilian, Courtney Nicole, 12 Ecology, 07, 23 dos Santos, Ana Flavia P, 09 Myers, Abigail L, 25 Ecology/Ornithology, 07 Duffy, Hannah, 16 Myers, Faith C, 24 Embryology, 23 Dulka, Eden, 19 Naik, Karan Rajesh, 13 Endocrinology, 24 Dunlap, Juan, 20 Nelson, Laura, 09 Energy, 34 Durfey, Casey, 16 Normand, Julie Annette, 14-15 Engineering, 08, 24 Eck, James Robert, 17 Oester, Garretson M, 15 Environmental, 24-25 Espinosa, Christine Therese, 31 Pallaki, Mitchell K, 26 Environmental Chemistry, 25 Fahy, Chelsea Lynn, 16-17 Pearson, Kashmere L, 28 Environmental Science, 08-09, 25-26 Friedl, Regina, 14 Pekalska, Aneta, 10 Environmental Toxicology, 26 Gasser, Marquette, 37 Perello, Melanie Marie, 10 Evolution, 26-27 Gillian, Brandi, 23 Piehl, Laura Bardall, 33 Field Biology, 27 Gillinov, Stephen, 11 Pietrzak, Dawn, 15 Fish Ecology, 27-28 Godfrey, Ingrid Atchison, 26-27 Pollard, Rebecca E, 33 Genetics, 23-24, 28 Gordon, Jessica D, 27 Prasad, Rohan Mabbu, 14 Herbal Medicine, 10 Grainger, Cali, 11 Quereshy, Humzah A, 31 Limnology, 28-29 Grumney, Michael, 37 Reaver, Nathan G. F., 08 Medical, 29 Guo, Joyce, 34 Rittberger, Bailey J, 24 Medical Science, 29 Hariprasad, Rajashree, 19-20 Runco, Gabriella, 23 Medicine, 29-31 Hart, Jacob, 18 Schmidt, Kara Renee, 16 Microbiology, 10, 31-33 Heider, Thomas, 27 Shanks, Brennon L, 28 Nanotechnology, 33-34 Hendrickson, Alison, 15 Sharratt, Jeffery, 27-28 Neuroscience, 34 Herman, Catherine, 33 Shartle, Emile L, 15 Physics, 34-35 Hicks, Kaitlin, 28 Sherrod, Taylor, 21-22 Physics/Engineering, 35 Homsher, Michael T, 09 Shuster, Quinton A, 08 Plant Biology, 35 Ingold, Danny J, 07 Slutz, Tiffany, 21 Polymer Science, 35 Izzo, Theresa A, 21 Smith, Whitney Cdel, 25 Protein Labeling, 35-36 Jagetia, Riya, 35 Ste Marie, John J, 26 Psychology, 36 Jensen, Matthew P, 34-35 Stenger, Christine, 21 Virology, 36 Kavanaugh, Kayla, 25-26 Stigliano, Angela, 10 Water Quality, 36-37 Keller, Marcus, 10 Sun, Yunlu, 18 Zoology, 11, 37
A-40 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
The Ohio Environmental Science & Environmental Engineering SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM http://www.ohiosci.org/OESEESCHOLARSHIPS.htm
APPLICATION
Please use online form: http://www.ohiosci.org/ScholarshipApplication.pdf
Deadline: Mail First Class. Postmarked by May 1, 2013, for 2013-2014 school year.
$1,250 two year programs and $2,500 for four or five year programs, non-renewable
hese merit based, nonrenewable, scholarships will be given to undergraduate students admitted to Ohio Tstate or private colleges and universities who can demonstrate their knowledge and commitment to careers in environmental sciences or environmental engineering. Students must be in the final year of the program by the autumn term. Awardees will be selected by an Academy appointed panel using a blind review process. Scholarships may be used for tuition, fees, books, personal protection equipment, tools, instruments and field equipment but not housing.
Page 1 of 2 1. Check Title ____ Ms. ____ Mr. 2. First ______3. Middle ______4. Last ______5. Home Address ______6. City ______7. State _____ 8. Zip ______9. EMAIL ______10. Home # (____) ______11. Social Security # ______12. Year in school by autumn term: ____ 2nd ____ 4th ____ 5th 13. College or University ______14. Academic major ______15. Expected graduation date______16. Advisor’s full name ______17. Office Phone (______) ______18. If selected, are you willing to participate in annual follow-up surveys for three years after receipt of a scholarship? ____ YES ____ NO 19. May the Academy release your name and resume to potential employers? ____ YES ____ NO
PLEASE ATTACH APPROPRIATE SUPPORTING INFORMATION TO RESPOND TO THE FOLLOWING:
20. Academic record with an overall GPA of at least 3.0. Your current GPA ______on a 4.0 system. Please attach a current (full) transcript and circle the GPA. Transcript must include all courses taken to-date. Enclose an “OFFICIAL” transcript (that may be sealed) with your original signed application and unofficial copies in the 6 identical sets. Alternatively, attached a single sealed transcript to your original signed application.
21. Attach a maximum two page vita, biosketch, or resume that includes the following elements, in this order: complete contact information, education, employment and/or internships (basic information only), honors/ awards, professional memberships, publications (full citation), presentations given and professional meetings attended, and community service. Continued on page 2 VOL. 1131 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE A41
Page 2 of 2
22. Repeat First and Last Name ______
Applicants from four-year colleges: Each of the following essays may not exceed one two-sided page, double spaced, 12 point font, 1” margins.
23. Attach an essay (not exceeding one two-sided page, double spaced, 12 point font, 1” margins) to describe your reasons for choosing a career in environmental science or environmental engineering and how this scholarship will help you.
24. Attach an essay detailing any original research, scholarship, employment and/or internships, or other unique contributions to environmental science or environmental engineering.
25. Attach an essay describing your extracurricular activities and participation in organizations that demonstrate your leadership and interpersonal skills and social responsibility.
Applicants from two-year colleges: Please combine your response to requirements 23, 24 and 25 into a single essay that covers as many of the points as possible with the length not to exceed three two-sided pages, double spaced, 12 point font, 1” margins.
26. Attach two letters of recommendation from education or environmental professionals, addressed to Scholarship Review Committee. One must be from a faculty member at your institution.
27. Amount Requested $ ______28. Date needed ______Maximum: $1,250 for two year programs and $2,500 for four or five year programs, non-renewable.
Scholarship checks will be sent to the college financial aid office. All applicants will be notified of the scholarship recipients.
I certify that all information provided is true and accurate, I authorize independent verification, and I understand that if awarded a scholarship, information contained in this application may be released to the media.
29. SIGNATURE ______30. DATE ______
Please enclose a self-addressed, stamped postcard to acknowledge receipt of your application.
26&45*0/4 1IPOF t&NBJMPBT!JXBZOFUOFU http://www.OHIOSCI.org
MAIL FIRST CLASS postmarked by May 1, 2013: a complete, original signed copy with stapled attachments plus 6 identical, two-sided, collated and stapled copies. (Please do not bind in a folder or cover) Submit 7 total sets.
Environmental Science Scholarships The Ohio Academy of Science PO Box 12519 Columbus OH 43212-0519
ScholarshipApplicationB&W.pdf A-42 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131 VOL.An 1131 Adobe PDF online fill-in form is availableTHE OHIO at JOURNAL http://www.ohiosci.org/FindlayRegistrationForm.pdf OF SCIENCE A43
THE OHIO ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Registration Fees Registration Form Please check appropriate categories. One fee covers the entire meeting. Pay- nd ment must be received by March 29, 2013 to avoid higher rates. On-site reg- 122 Annual Meeting istration will be accepted at the higher rate by credit card or check ONLY. April 6, 2013 ONLY first authors have pre-paid registration when they submitted their abstracts and The University of Findlay DO NOT NEED to return this form. First authors are already registered for the meeting. Advance registration must be received by March 29, 2013. C U R R E N T M E M B E R R E G I S T R AT I O N R AT E After March29 ALL MEETING ATTENDEES MUST REGISTER: Access to sessions by name tag only. ____Professional $65 $70 Name tag, information packet and receipt will be available at the meeting. ____Retired $40 $45 Please return the completed registration form along with the appropriate fees ____Student $25 $30 to the address below. NON-MEMBER PROFESSIONAL AND RETIRED REGISTRATION Includes membership STUDENTS, SPOUSES, OR RELATIVES: A special discount schedule has been ____Professional $ 140 $145 approved to promote and encourage participation of undergraduates, pre- ____Retired with Journal $ 80 $85 college students, non-science spouses or relatives. All students, non-science ____Retired without Journal $ 65 $70 spouses, parents or relatives must register using a separate form. This regis- NON-MEMBER PRE-COLLEGE AND COLLEGE STUDENT tration does not include membership or meals. Includes Academy membership ____College Student with Journal $ 65 $70 Each person must use a SEPARATE REGISTRATION FORM ____Student (17 & under) w/Jour. $ 65 $70 Please copy this form as needed. ____Student (17 & under) w/o Jour. $ 50 $55 Does not include Academy membership ____Pre-college student $20 $30 An Adobe PDF online fill-in form is available at ____College student $20 $30 http://www.ohiosci.org/FindlayRegistrationForm.pdf ____5-10 students each $15 $20 ____11 or more students each $10 $20 PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE NON-SCIENCE SPOUSE, PARENT OR A RELATIVE OF A FIRST AUTHOR Check: _____Ms. _____Mrs. _____Mr. _____Dr. ____Spouse, parent or relative $10 $20
Name ______SATURDAY, APRIL 6, Box Lunch ____ Lunch after All-Academy Lecture $8 $N.A. First Middle Last Job Title ______Please use a separate form for each MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL ____Family $85 School, Organization, Agency, Institution, or Employer ____Regular Member $75 ______Retired Member w/OJS $40 ____College Student $40 ____Student (Age 17 & under) w/OJS $40 Is the following a home address? _____Yes _____No ____Retired Member w/o OJS $25 Students MUST use home, dorm or apartment address. ____Student (Age 17 & under) w/o OJS $25 TOTAL ENCLOSED $______Address ______METHOD OF PAYMENT NO REFUNDS AFTER March 29, 2013. Returned checks subject to a $30.00 fee. City ______Only registrations paid by Purchase Order, VISA, or MasterCard will be ac- cepted by FAX at 614/488-7629. State _____ Zip ______Ohio County ______This copy confirms a FAXed registration _____Check enclosed payable to The Ohio Academy of Science _____Purchase order enclosed No. ______Work Phone (______) ______Online payment http://www.ohiosci.org/index_store.html . Home Phone (______) ______Please charge my Credit card ____ VISA ____ MASTERCARD FAX (______) ______Name on card ______EMAIL ______Billing address for card ______MAIL FORM WITH PAYMENT TO: Billing phone (_____) ______The Ohio Academy of Science CardNumber ______PO Box 12519 Exp. Date ______Columbus OH 43212-0519 FAX 614/488-7629 3-digit Security Code (last 3 digits on back of card) ______Signature ______A-44 THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 1131
REGISTRATION POLICIES 122nd Annual Meeting TheOhio Academy of Science Hosted by The University of Findlay
April 6, 2013 Advance registration must be received by March 29, 2013 to qualify for lower rates.
ALL attendees must register. An Adobe PDF online fill-in form is available at http://www.ohiosci.org/FindlayRegistrationForm.pdf
ALL MEETING ATTENDEES: Access to sessions by name tag only. Name tag, information and receipt will be available at the meeting. Please return the completed registration form along with the appropriate fees to the address printed below.
ONLY first authors have pre-paid registration when they submitted their abstracts and DO NOT NEED to return this form. First authors are already registered for the meeting. However, you do need to order a lunch if you wish.
STUDENTS, SPOUSES, PARENTS OR RELATIVES: To promote and encourage participation of under- graduates, pre-college students, non-science spouses, parents or relatives, a special discount schedule has been approved. All students, non-science spouses or relatives must register using a separate form. This registration does not include membership or meals which must be paid separately.
$10 by March 29; $20 thereafter.
DISCOUNTED RATES FOR STUDENTS WHO ARE NOT FIRST AUTHOR: (Does not include membership.)
1-4 from same institution $20 by March 29, 2013; $30 thereafter. 5-10 from same institution $15 by March 29, 2013; $20 thereafter. 11 or more from same institution $10 by March 29, 2013; $20 thereafter
The All-Academy Lecture is open to the public without cost.
Please use a SEPARATE REGISTRATION FORM for each person.
Copy the form on the reverse side as needed.
MAIL FORM WITH PAYMENT TO: The Ohio Academy of Science PO Box 12519 Columbus OH 43212-0519
FAX 614.488.7629 for credit card or purchase order.
Online payment option http://www.ohiosci.org/store/annual_meeting.html
PREREGISTRATION DEADLINE: March 29, 2013.