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The Book July 2006, Number 69 THE BOOK JULY 2006, NUMBER 69 Tom Knoles Is Named Librarian and David Whitesell Joins Staff as Curator of Books wo new appointments—one a promotion, the other the Since taking up his position, Knoles has already moved for- Trecruitment of a newcomer to the Society—were announced ward with his plan to promote what he sees as one of the recently by AAS President Ellen Dunlap. Curator of Manuscripts Society’s traditional strengths: service to readers. To this end, two Thomas G. Knoles was named the Marcus A. McCorison new reference librarian positions have been created to help main- Librarian, and David R. Whitesell, who for the last ten years was tain the Society’s excellent reputation as an efficient, helpful, and a rare book cataloguer at Harvard University’s Houghton Library, congenial place to do research. has accepted the newly created position of curator of books. Another strength of the society, Knoles says, is the profes- Of Knoles’s new position, Dunlap noted that his selection sionalism and excellence of the library staff. He has been reflects “his broad professional experience at the Society and impressed but not surprised by the collegiality demonstrated by steadfast commitment to its traditional goals and ideals, and also the task forces he has set up to meet institutional needs. In the his progressive thinking on the prospects for its future and the days to come he looks forward to encouraging additional collabo- respect he has earned as a true colleague to all.” In addition to ration among staff members, recognizing staff accomplishments, his new responsibilities, Knoles will continue to serve as the and providing opportunities for professional development. His Society’s curator of manuscripts and archivist. He has also taken experiences so far have reinforced his opinion that his is “the best over from John Hench as project director for the NEH-supported library job in the world.” First Democratization Project (Lampi Electoral Returns Project, Whitesell describes his arrival at AAS as a “return to his http://www.americanantiquarian.org/fdp.htm). Knoles holds a roots,” albeit a return facilitated by several AAS members. After B.A. from the University of Notre Dame and a Ph.D. in classics earning his B.A. in early American history at the University of and M.L.S. from Rutgers University. He started work at AAS in 1990 and from 1995 to 2000 was director of reference services. Continued on page 10 LIBERTY/ÉGALITÉ/¡INDEPENDENCIA! REFLECTIONS ON THE 2006 SUMMER CONFERENCE OF THE PROGRAM IN THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK n June 16–18, 2006, a dozen scholars widely. The activities of Jesuits in Italy, Oand an audience of interested persons Catholic Jacobins in Paris, Anglophile convened in Worcester to explore the reformers in South America, Spanish expa- transatlantic and hemispheric print worlds triates in Philadelphia, American fili- of Revolution. An interdisciplinary sympo- busters in Spanish Louisiana, and French sium, “LIBERTY/ÉGALITÉ/¡INDEPEN- Revolutionaries in the Creek homelands of DENCIA!” brought Hispanists, political his- Florida revealed how messily cosmopoli- torians, literary scholars, and historians of tan the performative world of Revolution French civilization together to explore the was from 1776 to 1838. circulation, translation, revision, cross-cul- Even with the diverse disciplinary tural interpretation, and influence of key backgrounds of the speakers, who did not texts inciting revolt against colonial dominion and establishing have the benefit of precirculated papers, the presentations dis- independent states in Europe and the Western Hemisphere. The played a remarkable homology of interests and approaches. revolutions in North America, France, Haiti, Mexico, Venezuela, Methodologically, they revealed the enduring attraction of the Peru, Colombia, Lower Canada, and Upper Canada served as performative approach to print culture studies explored in the principal occasions for investigation, but the inquiries ranged Program in the History of the Book conference chaired by Sandra AMERICAN • ANTIQUARIAN • SOCIETY Gustafson in 2005—that approach which conceives of print cul- the Western Hemisphere, of the Incas as an exemplar of indige- ture in a broad sense as a historical and material anthropology of nous liberty and achieved civilization. When David Geggus (histo- communications and seeks to understand why certain messages ry, University of Florida) closed his “Print Culture and the Haitian were printed, others were conveyed in manuscript, and still others Revolution: The Written and the Spoken Word” with a meditation were projected in oral declamations, rumors, or in conversation. on the naming of Haiti that brought the Incas into the discussion, The program committee—David S. Shields (American litera- he little realized he would stimulate the liveliest and most wide- ture, University of South Carolina), chair; Mariselle Meléndez ranging cross-cultural conversation of the weekend. (Latin American literature, University of Illinois at Urbana- The conference began with the Wiggins Lecture, “‘We Champaign); Karen Stolley (Spanish, Emory University), and declare you independent whether you wish it or not’: The Print Ralph Bauer (English, University of Maryland)—sought scholars Culture of Early Filibusterism.” In it I explored the communica- who investigated the history of the print culture of the Atlantic tive culture of the most volatile citizens of the early republic, the Revolutions from a cosmopolitan perspective and had a penchant adventurers who exported revolution from the thirteen United for extensive archival research. The organizers entertained no States; troubled the American territories of Spain, France, thesis; possessed no ruling picture of how revolutions proceeded England, and the Native Nations; and set up republics or realms from community to community; and advanced no single argu- by force of arms or popular fiat. The illegality of their actions ment for the role that writing, printing, publishing, republishing, under the 1794 United States Neutrality Act prompted filibusters translating, or reading played in the formation of people’s revolu- to exercise two extremely different modes of expression: One set tionary consciousness. At most, they shared a presumption that openly declared their projects and ideals, defying the Neutrality each scene of Revolutionary activity on both sides of the Atlantic Act as a hobble to the international spread of liberty; the other manifested distinctive features in organization and communicative set occulted their communications, cultivating conspiratorial instrumentality. Yet there was little of that post-1976 tendency secrecy. When secrecy cloaked a filibuster adventure, it meant among historians of the Revolutions in the Western Hemisphere that the invasion or insurrection was for the benefit of an Old to insist that no homology of institutional structure, ideology, or World Imperial Power, not the United States. Publicity was the communicative means existed in the events. Rather, the circula- hallmark of American nationalist adventures or adventures invok- tion of writings (books, letters, public documents, treaties) ing a cosmopolite liberty. I showed that conspiratorial adventures throughout the Atlantic world reveals connections in thought and employed manuscript writing in the forms of secret correspon- sentiment. One of the pleasures of the conference was encounter- dence among participants and secret plans communicated to the ing some of the unlikely connections—for instance, the way that diplomatic offices of governments seen as potential backers of Spanish American reformers in print were fascinated by the adventures. For recruitment of clandestine armies, they also English literature of liberty, and by the radical, martial Puritanism employed verbal rumor. American nationalist adventurers were of Oliver Cromwell in particular, as explored by Karen Racine obsessed with presenting written warrants for their actions mod- (history, University of Guelph) in “Proxy Pasts: The Use of British eled on the penumbra of texts surrounding the founding of the Historical References during the Spanish American Independence United States and the States. From the founding of the free state Era.” Equally fascinating was the near universal employment, in of Franklin to the Gutierrez-McGhee filibuster of Texas in 1812, one sees a decided movement from manuscript vehicles of publici- ty (the diplomatic model) to the press. I attempted to show that AMERICAN N ANTIQUARIAN N SOCIETY in the communicative practices of the filibusters, one discovers a national library of American history the operative horizon of imagined publicity and of secrecy in the 185 Salisbury Street early republic. Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-1634 David Armitage (history, Harvard University) began the pro- Telephone (508) 755-5221 ceedings with a survey of the global response to the Declaration E-Mail: [email protected] of Independence. Previewing his forthcoming monograph, The Ellen Dunlap, President Declaration of Independence: A Global History (Harvard John B. Hench,Vice President for Collections and Programs (on leave) University Press, 2007), Armitage argued that its immediate inter- est for revolutionary elements in the Atlantic world was as a vehi- The Book: Newsletter of the Program in the History of the cle for asserting sovereignty, rather than as a repository of Book in American Culture (ISSN 0740-8439) is published in Enlightenment political values. Eric Slauter (English, University
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